Subject :Maths

Batch : JEE MAINS SHARADA PRE – UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, MANGALURU

BINOMIAL THEOREM

The Binomial theorem states that if x and a are real numbers and n is a positive integer then
x  a n  n C0 x n  n C1 x n1a  n C 2 x n2a 2  ........  n Cn a n
The expansion of  x  a  contains n+1 terms
n
1.
2. The power of x is maximum (ie equal to the index n ) in the first term and gradually decreases by
1 in the succeeding terms and vanishes in the last term .The term a is not present in the first term
but it increases by 1 in the succeeding terms and becomes maximum in the last term .
3. General term in the expansion is Tr1  n Cr x nr a r
In  x  a  the coefficient n C0 , n C1 , n C n are called as binomial coefficients. They are denoted by
n
4.
Co , C1 ,........Cn respectively . The presence of n is understood by context.

Note :The following results about binomial coefficients are necessarily to be remembered.
1)Co  C1  C2  .......  C n  2n 2)Co  C2  C4  .......  ....  2n-1 3)C1  C3  C5  .......  ....  2n-1
The number of terms in the expansion of  x  y  z  is n2
n
6. C2 .
7. No. of terms in the expansion of (x1 + x2 + ….+xr)n is (n + r – 1)C(r – 1)
8. (i) If n > 2, n  N, then (2n – 1)n + (2n)n < (2n + 1)n
(ii) If the coefficients of xr – 1, xr, xr + 1 in (1 + x)n are in A.P. then (n – 2r)2 = n + 2.
9 (i) Coefficient of xn – 1 in (x  1 ) (x  2 )....(x  n ) is  (1   2  .....   n )
(ii) Coefficient of xn – 1 in (x  1 ) (x  2 )....(x  n ) is (1  2  .....   n )
(∝1+∝2 +⋯+∝𝑛 )2−(∝12 +∝2 2+⋯+∝𝑛 2 )
(iii) Coefficient of xn – 2 in (𝑥 −∝1 )(𝑥 −∝2 ) … … (𝑥 −∝𝑛 ) 𝑖𝑠 2
np  k
n
 b 
10. The coefficient of x k in the expansion of  ax p  q  is n C r a n  r  .b r where r 
 x  pq
np
For constant term r  .
pq
Numerically greatest term (N.G.T.) in the expansion of (1 + x) n
(n  1)| x |
(i) If  P  f , then there exists only one N.G.T. which is (P + 1)th term and its value is
| x |1
|TP+1| (Where P is an integer and f is a proper fraction, 0 < f < 1)
(n  1)| x |
(ii) If  P is an integer then there are two numerically greatest terms which are Pth and
| x | 1
(P + 1)th terms. Also |TP| = |TP + 1|.
b
Note: To find numerically greatest term of (a + b)n we write (a + b)n = an (1 + x)n where x = and
a
proceed.

Warming up Exercise:
5
 1
1. Expand (a  b)6 ,  x   , (2x  y) 4
 x
8
 4x 5 
2. Find the 5th term of   
 5 2x 
3. If (1 +ax) n = 1 + 8x + 24x2 + ……, determine ‘a’and ‘n’

4. If (1 + ax)n = 1 + 6x + 16x2 + ….., find ‘a’ and ‘n’.

12
a 
5. Find the middle term in the expansion of   bx 
x 
18  7  3. 18. 7. 25
3 3
6. The value of 6
3  6.243.2  15.81 .4  20. 27 . 8  15 . 9. 16  6.3.32  64
1 1
(a) 1000 (b) 1 (c) (d)
1000 2000
 8
 3
7. Which term contains x in  2x 2   ? Also find the term.
4
 x
15
 1   1
8. Find the term containing (1) x32 in  x 4  3  (2) x10 in  2x 2  
 x   x
9. Find the term independent of x in
10
 x 3 
9
 4x 2 3 
9
 1
(1)  x 2   (2)    (3)   2 
 x  3 2x   3 2x 
10. Find the sum of coefficients in the expansion of
10
 1 
2
(1) (3x + 2x) 4
(2)(1 + x – x ) 2 3148
(3)  3x  2 
 x 
11. The coefficient of x in the expansion (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) …….(x – 18) is
17

171
1) 342 (2) (3) – 171 (4) 684
2
12. Find the number of terms in the expansion of (1) (x 2  2x  1)10 (2) (1  3x  3x 2  x 3 )7
 n (n  1)
Note: (1) The coefficient of xn – 1 in the expansion of (x – 1) (x – 2) ….. (x – n) is
2
n (n  1)
(2) The coefficient of xn – 1 in the expansion of (x + 1) (x + 2) ……. (x + n) is
2
n n 1
(3) The number of terms in the expansion of (x + a) n – (x – a)n = if n is even and if n is
2 2
odd.
n2 n 1
(4)The number of terms in the expansion of (x + a) n + (x – a)n = if n is even and if n is
2 2
odd.
Eg: The number of terms in
(1) (x + a)10 – (x – a)10 is ______ (2) (x + a)11 – (x – a)11 is ______
(3) (x + a) + (x – a) is ______
76 76
(4) (x + a)75+ (x – a)75 is ______
13. The total number of terms in (x + y)150 + (x – y)150 after simplification is
1) 70 (2) 75 (3) 76 (4) 302
14. The number of non zero terms in the expansion of (1  2 3 x)  (1  2 3 x) is
9 9

(1) 9 (2) 0 (3) 10 (4) 5

n
 2 
15. The fourth term in the binomial expansion of  x 2  2  is independent of x, then n =
 x 
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 6
CLASS WORK
13
 1
1. The 12th term in the expansion of  x   is
 x

a) 78 x 9 b) 78 x  6 c) 78 x 9 d) 78 x10
8
 1
2. The middle term in the expansion of  3 x 2   is
 x
a) 27 x 5 4 4
b) 8 C 4 3 x c) 8 C3 3x 4 d) 8 C3 34 x5
3. 
The coefficient of of x 3 in the expansion of 1  x  x 2 
3
is
a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 9
9
2 1 
4. Which term of  x 2   is independent of x ?
3 3x 
a) sixth b) seventh c) eighth d) ninth
2
5. The term independent of x in (3x - 2 )15 is
x
a) T 4 b) T 5 c) T 6 d) T 7

15
 1 
6. The coefficient of x 32 in the expansion of  x 4  3  is
 x 
a) 15 c 4 b) 15 c 2 c) 15 c1 0 c
d) 10 c 5

2
 10
x 3 
7. The coefficient of x in the expansion of   2  =
4

2 x 
405 504 450
a) b) c) d) none of these
256 259 263
5
 a
8. The coefficient of x in  x 2   is
 x
2 3
a) 9a b) 10a c) 10a 2 d) 10a
9. The number of terms in the expansion of
124
 
5  4 11 which are integers are
a) 0 b) 30 c) 31 d) 32
10. The number of integral terms in the expansion of 3 8 5
256
is  
a) 35 b) 32 c) 33 d) 34

11. The coefficient of x 17 in (x – 1) (x – 2) ..... (x – 18) is

171
a) 342 b) c) – 171 d) 684
2
C C Cn
12. The value of c 0 + 1 + 2 + .... + is
2 3 n 1
2n 2n  1 2n 1  1 2n 1  1
a) b) c) d)
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
n 1
13. The value of C 1 - 2 C 2 + 3C 3 .... + (-1) nC n is
a) 1 b) 0 c) 2 n 1 d) 2 n
14. The sum of coefficients in the expansion of (1 – x + x 2 )100 is
1 1 1
a) (1  3100 ) b) (3100  1) c) (1  3100 ) d) 1 + 3 100
2 2 2
15. If the third term in the expansion of (x + x log 10x)5 is 106 then x is
1
a) 1 b) 100 c) d) 10
10
16. No. of terms in (1 + 3x + 3x2 + x3)6 is:
a) 17 b) 19 c) 21 d) 16
17. The middle term in the expansion of (1 – 3x + 3x – x3)2n is
2

a) 6nC3n (–x)3n b) 6nC2n (–x)2n + 1 c) 4nC3n (–x)3n d) 6nC3n (–x)3n – 1

20
 1 
18. If rthterm is middle term in  x 2   then (r + 3)th term is :
 2x 
20
C7 x  20 C5 x   20 C x   20 C x 
a) b)   13  c)   137  d)   1314 
213  4   2   4 
19. Sum of rational terms in ( 2  5 3)10 is:
a) 41 b) 42 c) 32 d) 38

100
20. The coefficient of x53 in 
r 0
100
Cr (x  3)100r .2r is

a) 100
C47 b) 100C53 c) –100C53
d) 100C100
ab bc cd
21. If a, b, c, d are consecutive binomial coefficient of (1 + x) n then , , are in
a b c
a) A.P. b) G.P. c) H.P. d) A.G.P.
5
1 
22. The third term in the expansion of   x log10 x  is 1 then x =
x 
a) 1 b) 10 c) 102 d) 103
23. If the 21st and 22nd terms in the expansion (1 + x)44 are equal then x =
a) 7 b) 8 c) 7/8 d) 8/7
24. If the coefficient of (2r + 4)th term and (r – 2)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)18 are equal then
r=
a) 9 b) 4 c) 6 d) 3

3
25. If p and q are the coefficients of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n and (1 + x)2n – 1 respectively then
p/q =
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
26. If the coefficient of rthterm and (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 + x)20 are in the ratio 1 : 2 then
r=
a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 9
n 2n 2n – 1
27. The ratio of x coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x) and (1 + x) is
a) 1 : 2 b) 3 : 2 c) 3 : 1 d) 2 : 1
11 11
 1   1 
28. If the coefficient of x in  ax 2   equals the coefficient of x–7 in
7
 ax  2  then a and b
 bx   bx 
satisfy the relation
a
a) ab = 1 b) 1 c) a + b = 1 d) a – b = 1
b
29. The coefficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x) 40 is
1.3.5........39 20 1.3.5........39 40!
a) 2 b) c) d) 40! 220
20! 20! 20!
30. The numerically greatest term in the expansion (5x – 6y)14 when x = 2/5, y = 1/2 is
a) 14C628 . 36 b) 14C726 .38 c) 14C6 26. 38 d) 14C728 . 36
31. No. of distinct terms in (a + b + c + d) 13 is:
a) 16C2 b) 16C3 c) 13C3 d) 12C3
32. No. of distinct terms in (x + y - z)16is:
a) 154 b) 126 c) 133 d) 153
33. If the sum of odd terms and the sum of even terms in (x + a)n are p and q respectively then
p2 – q2 =
a) (x2 + a2)n b) (x2 – a2)n c) (a2 + x2)n d) x2 – a2
34. If the sum of odd terms and the sum of even terms in (x + a) n are p and q respectively then,
p2 + q2 =
(x  a) 2n  (x  a) 2n
a) b) (x  a)2n  (x  a)2n
2
(x  a)  (x  a) 2n
2n
c) d) (x  a)2n  (x  a)2n
2
35. The sum of the series 20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 + …..+ 20C10 is
1 20
a) 20C10 b) – (20C10) c) . ( C10) d) 0
2
36. If (1 + x)n= C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ….. + Cnxn,then C0 + 2. C1 + 3 .C2 + …..+ (n + 1).Cn =
a) 2n + n.2n – 1 b) 2n – 1 + n.2n c) 2n + (n + 1)2n – 1 d) 2n – 1
37. If Cn is the coefficient of xn in (1 + x)n,then C1 + 2.C2 + 3.C3 + …. n.Cn =
a) 2n b) n.2n c) n.2n – 1 d) n.2n + 1
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