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com Volume 02 Issue 07 July 2020

Temperature based Fan Speed Controller

Srinivas P1, Kavinkumar B2, Arun Venkat A3, Dr.R.Senthil Kumar4
1, 2,3
Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SNS College of Technology,
Coimbatore-35.
4
Associate professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SNS College of Technology,
Coimbatore-35.
[email protected], [email protected],[email protected],
[email protected]
Abstract

This report aims to give an overview of a standalone automatic fan speed controller that controls the
speed of an electric fan according to our requirement. With the help of the embedded technology makes
more efficient and reliable with this closed loop feedback control system. This project is the
Temperature Based Fan Speed Control & Monitoring with the help of the Arduino UNO and LM35
Temperature Sensor. In this the microcontroller controls the speed of an electric fan according to the
requirement & allows faster control and the LCD display makes the system user-friendly. The LCD
panel displays the Sensed temperature in Celsius Scale and fan speed in percentage simultaneously.

Keywords: Arduino, UNO, LM35 Temperature Sensor, Fan etc

In this project, microcontroller is most important
1. Introduction and plays a vital role in the smart systems
The idea behind the project is to control the development. It has become an essential part in the
speed of the fan by difference in temperature. The current day to day technologies. This article
Temperature variation in the fan is an different discusses about the temperature based fan speed
way to deal with the speed of the motor. It is a control an Arduino system. This system is
process in which the objects temperature is responsible for control the cooling system
measured and the way of heat energy passes into automatically based on the room temperature. The
or out of the object is correctly adjusted to achieve system requires an Arduino board to implement a
a stable temperature. This project attendances the control system to this project. Since this is
design and simulation of the fan speed control proposed to control the speed of the fan by varying
system by using PWM technique based on the the temperature with the help of the IOT
room temperature. How the room temperature can technology.
be measured? The answer to the simple question is
with the help of a Temperature Sensor. It has been 2 Descriptions:
used to measure the temperature of the room and
the speed of the fan is varied according to the
room temperature using Pulse Width Modulation This project Temperature Based Fan Speed
technique. Control s can be done by using Arduino board with
1.1 Proposed System: some electronics materials. The Arduino UNO
board is very popular among all electronic circuits,

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thus we employed Arduino UNO board for the complicated scientific instruments. All kind of
operation of the fan speed control. In the proposed people around the worldwide like students,
system itself said that it is designed to detect the hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals
temperature of the room and send that information can make use of this open-source software
to the Arduino UNO board. Then the Arduino platform, so that it can be very helpful to the users.
UNO board carries out the contrast of current The Arduino UNO was founded by the Ivrea
temperature and set temperature based on the Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool with
inbuilt program of the Arduino that feed through easy access for fast prototyping, targeted at
us. The output obtained from the operation is given students without a background in electronics and
through the o/p port of an Arduino UNO board to programming. Quickly it interacts the wider
the LCD display that connected with the board. community, the Arduino UNO board started facing
This generates the PWM pulses from the board to adapt to new needs and difficulties as per the
which is further given to the driver circuit to get product. All the Arduino boards are full and fully
the expected output to the fan. [1-4] open-source platform, helps the users to build
them freely and clearly adapt them to their
3. Components used: particular needs. The this software is very easy to
access for all kind of users includes the beginers
The components used are and the new learners, also flexible enough for
1. Arduino UNO advanced users. This software is applicable to all
2. Temperature Sensor systems like Mac, Windows, and Linux. In the
3. Fan educational area the treachers and the students
4. LCD Display independently access this software.This paves the
5. Potentiometer way to the technology development and new
6. Transistor innovations. Other microcontrollers offer similar
7. Resistor functionality. All of these things are taken the
8. Relay sufficient details of microcontroller programming
9. Connecting wires and pack it up in an proper function for the use.
Arduino UNO makes the working process simple
with the microcontrollers:[5-7]
3.1. Arduino UNO:
 Inexpensive –The Arduino UNO board is
Arduino UNO is a development board which comparively low cost when compared to
contains microcontroller in the board itself. It is an the other microcontrollers that available in
open-source software. In the electronics platform, the market.
arduinois easy to use hardware and software. The  Cross-platform - The Arduino UNO
Arduino boards can read inputs so that they can Software (IDE) easily access all kind of the
understand and give as some of the outcomes like platforms like Windows, Macintosh OSX,
light on a sensor, a finger on a button, activating a and Linux operating systems. Most of the
motor, turning on an LED, publishing something microcontrollers systems are limited to
manually in online etc,. that are all given as output Windows.
to us. The most of the applications on everyday  Simple programming platform - The
life, ardunio is a part of the application. The reason Arduino Software (IDE) is very easy and
is that the Arduino follows the instruction correctly simple for the beginners, available also for
that fed by us. How can we send the instructions the advanced users to take advantage of as
to the Arduino board? The instructions can be fed well. Also for the teaching staffs it is
to the Arduino board by these tools, one is the applicable to teach the students for the
Arduino programming language (based on basic programming here.
Wiring), and the other one isArduino Software  Open source and extensible software - The
(IDE), based on Processing. For a long period of Arduino IDE software is typographed as
time Arduino has been the master brain for open source tools, available for
thousands of projects, from everyday objects to

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experienced programmers. This can access 5 GND: It is ground pin, used for
the c++ libraries in the IDE software itself. grounding.
6 IOREF: Based on the microcontroller
operations the voltage references
provided by the board itself.
7 Reset: This reset pin is normally used to
reset the program that stored in board.
8 Special Pin Functions: All the 14
Digital pins and the 6 Analog pins on
the Arduino UNO board can be use as
input/output. Each pin can operates at
5V. Based on the operating condition
each pin can provide or receive as 20
mA and has an internal pull-up resistor
Figure.1: Arduino UNO (disconnected by default) of 20-50k
ohm. The value does not exceeds 40
Specifications: mA on any of the I/O pins to avoid the
1 Microcontroller- ATmega328 permanent damage to the
2 Operating Voltage- 5V Input Voltage microcontroller. The Arduino Uno has
3 Input Voltage – 6 to 20V 6 analog inputs, named A0-A5, which
4 Digital I/O Pins- 14Analog Input Pins provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024
:6 different values). Initially they measure
5 DC Current for the 3.3V Pin- 50 mA from the ground to 5V, though it is
6 Flash Memory- 32 KB SRAM :2 KB possible to change the upper end of
7 EEPROM- 1 KB their range with the help of the AREF
8 Clock Speed- 16 MHz pin and the analogReference() function.
9 Serial: This pin specially functions for
General Pin functions: receiving and transmitting. The pins 0
1 LED: In that a LED is in-bulitedwith
(RX) and 1 (TX). It is used to receive
the digital pin 13. So that the differ in
(RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial
values causes the LED ON/OFF. It is
data. Pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-
simple in that pin the value is high the
TTL Serial chip are connected with
LED is in ON state and the value is low
these pins.
the LED in OFF state.
10 External Interrupts: The pins 2 and 3
2 VIN: This Input Voltage pin is used to
are the external interrupts. These pins
access the external power supply rather
can be assigned to trigger an interrupt
than connecting the USB port. So the
on a low value and a high value.
additional power source is get access
11 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation): The
the board through this pin.
pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 can provide 8-
3 5V: This pin functions tosend as a 5V
bit PWM output with the analog write
as a output that passed through the
function.
regulator on the board. We can give
12 SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface): The
supply to the board through the DC
pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO),
power source(7V-20V), also through
13 (SCK) supports the SPI
USB port(5V). If the voltage supplied
communication by using the SPI
through the 5V or 3.3V, the board get
library.
damaged.
13 TWI(Two Wire Interface): The A4 or
4 3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the
SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin supports
on-board regulator. Maximum current
TWI communication by using the wire
draw is 50 mA.
library.

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14 AREF(Analog Reference): It is the of blades.
Reference voltage for the analog inputs.
3.2. Temperature Sensor:
Temperature sensor senses the room temperature.
This electronic device converts the data that sensed
in the surrounding into the electronic data for
recording purpose. There are many different types
of temperature sensors.Here in this project we are
using LM 35 temperature sensor. The LM35
temperature sensor is graded to work from -55°
Centigrade to 150° Centigrade with a udeviating
scale factor of +10mv/° C.. It is a tiny and low cost
IC which can be used to
measure temperature anywhere in the surrounding
between -55°C to 150°C.
Figure.3: Fan

3.4. LCD Display:

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have found

enormous success in the past couple of decades.
They are used everywhere in our day to life. Some
of the examples are from cellular phones, ebooks,
GPS devices, computer monitors, and automotive
displays to projectors and TVs to name a few.
They play a critical role in the information age and
are import elements of our daily life. Liquid
crystals do not emit light. Their function is to
Figure.2: LM35 Temperature Sensor modify the state of light produced by a light source
in order to display images. The light is produced
Properties: by either a direct backlight, which is placed
 Measures directly in degree Celsius directly beneath the liquid crystal panel, or edge
(centigrade) light which is placed at the edge of a waveguide
sheet. . Backlight is more suitable for large-size
 Linear +10.0 mV/ degree Celsius
LCDs, because it can provide high light intensities,
 0.5 degree Celsius accuracy (at +25degree
but it is bulky. Edge light is more suitable for
Celsius)
small-size handheld LCDs, because it is compact,
 Rated between -55 to +150 degree Celsius but its light output is limited. The common light
range sources for LCD lighting are cold cathode
 Suitable for remote applications fluorescent lamps (CCFL), light emitting diodes
 Low cost due to wafer-level trimming (LED), external electrode fluorescent lamps
 Operates from 4 to 30 volts (EEFL), and flat fluorescent lamps (FFL). CCFL
 Less than 60 Micro ampere current drains consists of a glass tube with a cathode and an
 Low self-heating, 0.08 degree Celsius and anode at the ends. The tube is filled with mercury
Nonlinearity only +/- 1/4 degree Celsius gas. The inner surface of the tube is coated with a
fluorescent (phosphor) material. When a voltage is
3.3. Fan: applied across the two electrodes, some (primary)
It is an electronic appliance used to flow the air electrons are emitted by thermal motion in the
around its environment. We all know that fan cathode and accelerated toward the anode. There
contains blades,they act on the air. The are also dichroic reflective polarizers, which have
Impeller, rotor, or runnerare the rotating assembly

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the advantage of high light efficiency. They pass the applications.
incident light polarized in one direction and reflect
incident light polarized in the orthogonal direction.
The reflected light can be recycled by rotating its
polarization into the direction of the transmission
axis of the polarizers. The rotation of the
polarization can be achieved either by a half
waveplate or by a scattering medium.

Figure.6: Potentiometer

Figure.4: LCD Display 3.6. Transistor:

A transistor is a semiconductor device used
to amplify or switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor
material usually with at least three terminals for
connection to an external circuit.

Figure.7: Transistor

3.7. Resistor:
Physical materials resist the flow of
electrical current to some extent. Certain materials
Figure.5: Pin description such as copper offer very low resistance to current
flow, and hence they are called conductors. Other
3.5. Potentiometer: materials such as ceramic which offer extremely
high resistance to the current flow are called as
The Potentiometer is an electric device that used to insulators. In electric and electronic circuits there
measure the Electro Motive Force of a given is a need for materials with specific values of
battery, the internal resistance of a cell. And also it resistance in the range between that of a conductor
is used to compare the EMFs of different cells. It and an insulator. These materials are called
can also use as a variable resistor in most of resistors and their values of resistance are

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expressed in ohms.

Figure.10: Connecting Wires

4. Working:
Figure.8: Resistor
The working of this project is the
ttemperature sensor LM35 senses the temperature
3.8. Relay:
and converts it into an electrical (analog) signal,
It is a switch which controls (open and which is applied to the ATmega328
close) circuits electromechanically. The main microcontroller of the Arduino UNO Board. In this
operation of this device is to make or break contact the Arduino UNO board converts the recorded
with the help of a signal without any human signal from analog to digital signal. So that the
involvement in order to switch it ON or OFF. It is recorded values of the temperature and speed of
mainly used to control a high powered circuit the fan are displayed on the LCD. When the
using a low power signal. temperature crosses 30°C the fan starts rotating.
A low-frequency pulse-width modulation
(PWM) signal, whose duty cycle is varied to adjust
the fan’s speed is used. An inexpensive, single,
small pass transistor-like 2N222 or BD139 can be
used here. It is efficient because the pass transistor
is used as a switch.

Figure.9: Relay Figure.11: Circuit Diagram

Lm35 temperature sensor voltage to
3.9. Connecting wires: temperature conversion, now one of the most
Connecting wires provide a medium to an difficult thing is how to convert the voltage
electrical current so that they can travel from one generated/output by the lm35 sensor at output
point on a circuit to another. In the case of in Celsius or Fahrenheit scales. Well this needs
computers, wires are embedded into circuit boards you to first go through the data sheet of
to carry pulses of electricity. temperature sensor and know about the
characteristics of the sensor.

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5. Program: fanSpeed speed
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> }
LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);
int Pin = A1; // the output pin of LM35 if(tmp > tmpMax) // if temp is higher than
int fn = 10; // the pin where fan is tempMax
int ld = 7; // led pin {
int tmp; digitalWrite(ld, HIGH); // turn on led
int tempMin = 24; // the temperature to start the }
fan 0% else // else turn of led
int tempMax = 57; // the maximum temperature {
when fan is at 100% digitalWrite(ld, LOW);
int fnSpeed; }
int fnLCD; lcd.print("TEMP: ");
void setup() { lcd.print(tmp); // display the temperature
pinMode(fn, OUTPUT); lcd.print("C ");
pinMode(ld, OUTPUT); lcd.setCursor(0,1); // move cursor to next line
pinMode(Pin, INPUT); lcd.print("FANS: ");
lcd.begin(16,2); lcd.print(fnLCD); // display the fan speed
Serial.begin(9600); lcd.print("%");
} delay(200);
lcd.clear();
void loop() }
{ int readTemp() { // get the temperature and convert
tmp = readTemp(); // get the temperature it to celsius
Serial.print( tmp ); tmp = analogRead(Pin);
if(tmp < tempMin) // if temp is lower than return tmp * 0.48828125;
minimum temp }
{ 6. Application:
fnSpeed = 0; // fan is not spinning
analogWrite(fn, fnSpeed);  Normally we use the regulator to change
fnLCD=0; the speed of the fan. Here the room
digitalWrite(fn, LOW); temperature changes the speed varies so
that according to the temperature the fan
}
rotates.
if((tmp >= tempMin) && (tmp <= tempMax)) // if  The fan designed in this project, has the
temperature is higher than minimum temp more scope to use in the Middle East
{ countries. This product is more suitable for
fnSpeed = tmp;//map(temp, tempMin, tempMax, the hot regions.
0, 100); // the actual speed of fan//map(temp,
tempMin, tempMax, 32, 255); 7. Conclusion & Future Scopes:
fnSpeed=2*fnSpeed;
fnLCD = map(tmp, tempMin, tempMax, 0, 100); // This project can be used in both the home and
speed of fan to display on LCD100 Industry. It helps in saving the energy and
electricity.
analogWrite(fn, fnSpeed); // spin the fan at the

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 To watch the environments that is not [6] Gayakwad R. A. (2004). Op-Amps and
comfortable, or possible, for humans to Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson Edition
monitor, especially for extended periods of (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., New Delhi, India,
time. 315
 Prevents waste of energy when it’s not hot
enough for a fan to be needed. [7] Mashud M. A. A, Barman S. C, Bhuiyan M.
 To assist people who are disabled to adjust R. A, Islam Md.Serajul. (2013). Design
the fan speed automatically. and Implementation of Three Phase
Unbalanced Voltage Motor Controller
 In future case we can monitor more (pp.35-42), I.J. Intelligent Systems and
parameters like humidity, light and at the Applications.
same time control them and also can send
this data to a remote location using mobile
or internet.
 Using this technology we can able to draw
graphs of variations in these parameters
using computer. And the temperature
exceeds the limit; a call will be dialed to
the respective given number by an
automatic Dialer system.
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Temperature Monitoring in Laser Assisted
Polymer Bonding for MEMS Packaging
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[2] Jung, W.,You, J. and Won, S. (2008).

Temperature Monitoring System for
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[3] Chiueh, H., Choma, J. and Draper, J.

(2000). Implementation of a temperature
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[4] Mehta V. K and Mehta R. (2007).

Principle of Electronics, S.Chand &
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