Assignment 2 9/24/2021

1. What is C++?
2. Features of C++
3. Who developed C++?
4. History of C++
5. Uses of C++ Programming Language
6. Compare and Contrast C and C++

What is C++?
- C++ is a computer programming language created in 1983 by Bjarne Stroustrup.

- The C++ programming language acts as an extension to the modern C language

known as standard C.

- C++ is known as an intermediate (low-level) language for programmers to learn.

- C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance

applications.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.

The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11, C++14,
and C++17.

Features of C++
C++ is object oriented programming language. It provides a lot of features that are
given below.

1) Simple
C++ is a simple language in the sense that it provides structured approach (to break
the problem into parts), rich set of library functions, data types etc.

2) Machine Independent or Portable

Unlike assembly language, c programs can be executed in many machines with little
bit or no change. But it is not platform-independent.

3) Mid-level programming language

C++ is also used to do low level programming. It is used to develop system
applications such as kernel, driver etc. It also supports the feature of high level
language. That is why it is known as mid-level language.

4) Structured programming language

C++ is a structured programming language in the sense that we can break the
program into parts using functions. So, it is easy to understand and modify.
5) Rich Library
C++ provides a lot of inbuilt functions that makes the development fast.

6) Memory Management
It supports the feature of dynamic memory allocation. In C++ language, we can free
the allocated memory at any time by calling the free() function.

7) Speed
The compilation and execution time of C++ language is fast.

8) Pointer
C++ provides the feature of pointers. We can directly interact with the memory by
using the pointers. We can use pointers for memory, structures, functions, array etc.

9) Recursion
In C++, we can call the function within the function. It provides code reusability for
every function.

10) Extensible
C++ language is extensible because it can easily adopt new features.

11) Object Oriented

C++ is object oriented programming language. OOPs makes development and
maintenance easier where as in Procedure-oriented programming language it is not
easy to manage if code grows as project size grows.

12) Compiler based

C++ is a compiler based programming language, it means without compilation no C+
+ program can be executed. First we need to compile our program using compiler
and then we can execute our program.

History of C++
C++ programming language was developed in 1980 by Bjarne Stroustrup at bell
laboratories of AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), located in U.S.A.

Bjarne Stroustrup is known as the founder of C++ language.

It was develop for adding a feature of OOP (Object Oriented Programming) in C

without significantly changing the C component.

C++ programming is "relative" (called a superset) of C, it means any valid C program

is also a valid C++ program.
Why Use C++?
- C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.

- C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and
embedded systems.

- C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to

programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

- C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to
multiple platforms.

- C++ is fun and easy to learn!

- As C++ is close to C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to C++ or

vice versa.
What is C++ used for?
C++ can be found in a wide variety of industries. Check out the following list for some
of the most notable, interesting, and even surprising real-world applications of C++.

Operating systems
C++ plays an important part in well-known operating systems, from MacOS and
Windows to mobile operating systems like iOS. In general, operating systems need to
be fast and efficient at managing system resources. With the low-level (close to
machine code) capabilities of C++, developers can structure their code to make even
the smallest details of an operating system fast and energy efficient.

Game development
C++ is one of the most widely-used programming languages in game development. It
has been used to create: games, such as World of Warcraft, Counter-Strike, and
StarCraft, game engines like Unreal Engine, and gaming consoles, including Xbox,
PlayStation, and Nintendo Switch.

Gaming involves lots of resource-intensive functions, whether it’s generating

graphics or facilitating multiplayer sessions. C++ helps in optimizing the use of
resources, such as allowing programmers to adjust exactly how data structures and
memory allocation are handled.

IoT devices
IoT (Internet of Things) devices include embedded systems that often rely on C++.
Some examples of these devices are appliances, cars, smartwatches, TVs, and
medical devices. Because the hardware is often embedded inside of an object, these
devices have to operate with limited computing resources and strict power
requirements. C++ helps programmers control how these resources are used in
order to run programs more efficiently.

Databases
C++ is used to build popular database tools like MySQL and MongoDB. These
databases form the backbone of many well-known applications, including ones
created by Google, Netflix, YouTube, Adobe, and more. C++ is ideal for helping
structure databases to support efficient storage.

Web browsers
C++ plays a role in web browsers, such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and
Opera. It is used to develop back-end services that retrieve information from
databases and render code into interactive web pages. C++ helps web browsers
carry out these tasks with speed and minimal delays, which means we don’t have to
wait long for content to appear on our screens.

Machine learning tools

Machine learning tools, such as TensorFlow, rely on C++ as a back-end programming
language. Even though data scientists can use TensorFlow with Python, for example,
the core machine learning calculations are carried out with C++ code. In fact, C++ has
a large collection of libraries that power these highly-sophisticated calculations that
train machine learning models.

AR/VR applications
C++ is widely used for developing augmented reality and virtual reality applications.
In fact, many of these applications run on Unreal Engine, which is built using C++.
AR/VR applications need to handle large amounts of data that adjust continuously
based on input from camera sensors and user interactions. C++ is ideal for helping
process all of this data while creating seamless virtual experiences.

Scientific research
C++ plays a notable role in scientific research, from space exploration to high-energy
particle physics. At CERN, scientists use C++ for analyzing data on subatomic particles
that can help answer questions about how our universe originated. At NASA, C++ has
been used to build autonomous driving systems that help the Mars Rovers navigate
unknown terrain. Many parts of the International Space Station are built using C++ as
well.

Financial tools
Many banks and financial institutions use C++ to build their software infrastructure,
which powers applications for banking, trading, and financial modeling. The speed
and reliable performance of C++ is ideal for processing millions of daily transactions,
facilitating a high volume and frequency of trades, and creating data simulations for
large portfolios.

Flight software
C++ is a commonly-used language for flight software that powers commercial
airplanes and military and defense aircraft (such as the F-16 and F-35 planes). C++ is
used to build a lot of the safety-critical software, which is required to follow strict
coding standards to make sure that the wings, engines, and other critical parts work
predictably during each flight.

Google search engine

Google’s search engine relies on C++ to make sure that search results show up
quickly and with minimal response time. C++ also powers the machine learning and
other complex algorithms that make sure we get the best possible results for our
search. Google’s crawling and indexing infrastructure is also implemented in C++.

Medical technology
C++ can be found in a variety of medical applications, from MRI machines to lab
testing equipment to systems that handle patient information. C++ is also used to
model data and run data simulations for bioinformatics research, because many
advanced algorithms written for the medical and biological sciences are
implemented in C++.
Telecommunications
C++ is widely used in building telephone, Internet, and other telecommunications
infrastructure. It’s ideal for managing resources to handle tons of simultaneous
communication with speed and efficiency.

Movie production
Many of the graphics and special effects that you see in movies are created with C++.
C++ is great for this role because it can handle large files with high-quality footage
and run many of the advanced calculations that make the special effects possible.

What Jobs use C++?

Having skills in C++ can open up the door to many different industries and jobs.
Common fields and positions that use the C++ programming language include the
gaming industry, financial institutions, database engineers, national security
agencies, and more. Being a C++ Programmer with proficient skills can open up the
door to many different career paths!