Genmath Q2 W1-8

11
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 2: Week 1- 8
DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Simple Interest
Name _________________________________ Week 1

Section ________________________________ Date ______________
Background Information
Suppose you have saved Php10 000.00 and you plan to invest it for 5 years. A cooperative
group offers 2% simple interest rate per year. A bank offers 2%
compounded annually. Which will you choose from these two offers, and
why? And what are some ways to take care of your hard-earned money?
Let us analyze the above problem in order to decide which gives a

better investment and also to illustrate the simple and compound
interests.
Investment 1: Simple Interest (Table 1)

Time Principal Interest Simple Interest Amount after t years (Maturity
(t) (P) Rate (r) Solution Answer Value)
1 2% (10 000)(0.02)(1) 200 10 000 + 200 = 10 200.00
2 2% (10 000)(0.02)(2) 400 10 000 + 400 = 10 400.00
3 2% (10 000)(0.02)(3) 600 10 000 + 600 = 10 600.00
10 000
4 2% (10 000)(0.02)(4) 800 10 000 + 800 = 10 800.00
10 000 + 1 000 = 11 000.00
5 2% (10 000)(0.02)(5) 1000
Investment 2: Compound Interest (Annual) Table 2

Amount at Compound Interest
Time Interest Amount after t years
the start of
(t) Rate (r) solution answer (Maturity Value)
the year t
1 10 000 2% (10 000)(0.02) 200 10 000 + 200 = 10 200.00
2 10 200 2% (10 200)(0.02) 204 10 200 + 204 = 10 404.00
3 10 404 2% (10 404)(0.02) 208.08 10 404 + 208.08 = 10 612.08
4 10 612.08 2% (10 612.08)(0.02) 212.24 10 612.08 + 212.24 = 10 824.32
5 10 824.32 2% (10 824.32)(0.02) 216.49 10 824.32 + 216.49 = 11 040.81
As you can see simple interest remains constant throughout the investment term. In
compound interest, the interest from the previous year also earns interest. Thus, the interest
grows every year. Hence, Investment 2 provides a better interest.
Definitions:
Lender or Creditor – person (or institution) who invests the money or makes the funds
available
Borrower or Debtor – person (or institution) who owes the money or avails of the funds from
the lender
Origin or Loan Date – date on which money is received by the borrower
Repayment Date or Maturity Date – date on which the money borrowed or loan is to be
completely repaid
Time or Term (t) – amount of time in years the money is borrowed or invested; length of time
between the origin and maturity date
Principal (P) – amount of money borrowed or invested on the origin date
Rate (r) – annual rate, usually in percent, charged by the lender, or rate of increase of the
investment
Interest (I) – amount paid or earned for the use of money
Simple Interest (Is) – interest that is computed on the principal and then added to it
Compound Interest (Ic) – interest is computed on the principal and also on the accumulated
past interests
Maturity Value or Future Value (F) – amount after t years that the lender receives from the
borrower on the maturity date
Simple Interest Formula
The amount of money charged for the use of borrowed money is interest expense from the
point of view of the borrower; the amount of money earned on invested money or money lent
is interest income from the point of view of the creditor. Interest is computed on the original
principal for any time period or length of time money is borrowed or lent/ invested is termed as
simple interest. The simple interest formula is: 𝑰 = 𝑷 ∙ 𝒓∙ 𝒕
From this, we can derive and get the formulas for P, r and t.
I
𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
a.𝑃 = 𝑟𝑡
b. 𝑟 = 𝑃𝑡
c. 𝑡 = 𝑃𝑟 P r t
where I = interest, P = Principal, r = rate of interest
and t = time or term in years or fraction of a year
• To find the maturity value, simply add interest to the principal.
Maturity Value or (Amount or Balance)

𝐹=𝑃+𝐼 or 𝐹 = 𝑃(𝐼 + rt)
F = Maturity Value/ Future Value P = Principal I = Interest
When we deposit money in the bank, we are, in effect, lending our money to the bank.
The bank usually uses our money to grant loans to borrowers. The bank pays the depositor
interest on money deposited. Similarly, when we go to the bank and borrow money, we are
the ones paying interest to the bank for the money that we borrow.
Let us now apply our formula to specific example:
Example 1: Tessa borrowed Php 20 000.00 at 12% interest for 2 years. Find the interest (I)
and the maturity value (F).
Solutions:
Given: Php = 20000 r = 12% or 0.12 t = 2 years
a. Interest (I) b. Future Value

𝐼 = 𝑃rt 𝐹 =𝑃+𝐼
= 20 000 𝑥 0.12 𝑥 2 = 20 000 + 4 800
𝐼 = Php 4 800.00 𝐹 = Php 24 800.00
Note: If we are not asked for the amount of interest, but only for the future value, we can
make use of formula:
𝐹 = 𝑃(𝐼 + rt)
= 20,000 [1 + (12%)(2)]
= 20,000 [1 + (. 12)(2)]
= 20,000 [1 + 0.24]
= 20,000 [1 .24]
𝐹 = 𝑃hp 24 800.00
Knowing the maturity value, it would be very easy to get the interest. We simply
deduct the principal (P) from the maturity value (F), thus:
𝐼 =𝐹−𝑃
= 24 800 − 20 000
𝐼 = 𝑃hp 4 800.00
Example 2: How much is the simple interest on Php 17 600.00 for 7 months at 7.5%?
𝑀
Note: When the term is expressed in months (M), it should be converted in years by 𝑡 =
12
Given: P = 17 600 Solution: I = Prt

7
r = 7.5% or 0.075 = 17 600 x 0.075 x
12
7
t = 7 months or 12 I = Php 770.00
Example 3: To buy the school supplies for the coming school year, you get a summer job at
a resort. Suppose you save Php 4 200.00 of your salary and deposit it into an account that
earns simple interest. After 9 months, the balance is Php 4 263.00. What is the annual
interest rate?
Solution:
Given: P = 4 200
F = 4 263
9 3
t = 9 months or 12 or 4 or 0.75
a. Solve for I. b. Solve for r.

𝐼=𝐹–𝑃 𝐼
𝑟=
= 4 263 – 4 200 𝑃𝑡
63
𝐼 = 𝑃hp 63.00 = (4
400 𝑥 0.75)
= 0.02 𝑥 100
r = 2%
The annual interest rate is 2%
Example 4: If Php 10 000.00 is invested at 4.5 % simple interest, how long will it take to
grow to Php 11 800.00?
Solution:
Given: P = 10 000
F = 11 800
r = 4.5 % 𝑜r 0.045
Solve for I a. Solve for t

𝐼=𝐹–𝑃 𝐼
t= 𝑃𝑡
= 11 800 – 10 000 1 800
𝐼 = Php 1 800.00 =
10 000(0.045)
t =4
It will take 4 years to grow Php 10 000.00 to Php 11 800.00.
While the periods of many loans are expressed in months, it is also common practice
for loans to be payable after a certain number of days such as 30 days or 145 days. The
duration of the loan may even be for a particular period such as January 25 to October 12 of
the same year.
To find the number of days between dates, there are two quick ways to remember the
number of days in each of the months. These two quick ways are the Rhyme Method and the
Knuckle Method.
The Rhyme Method The Knuckle Method
“Thirty days for September,

April, June and November. All the
rest have thirty-one, except
February which alone has twenty-eight.
When leap year comes one year in
four, it gives February one day more”.
Example 5: Find (a) 90 days from September 8, 2014
Solution:
Using the days-in –month, we need to know how many days are there in each
month. 90 days from September 8, 2014.
September 9 – 30 22 (day 1 starts at September 9)
October 1- 31 31
November 1 - 30 30
December 1 - 7 7 (7 days are needed to have a total of 90)
TOTAL 90
Example 6: Find the number of days from March 25 to July 15 of the same year.
Solution:
March 26 – 31 6 (day 1 starts at March 26)
April 1- 30 30
May 1 – 31 31
June 1- 30 30
July 1 – 15 15
TOTAL 112 days
If the time is given in number of days, it shall be converted to a fraction of a year, by

dividing it by the number of days in a year.
Exact interest (Ie) is used when the computations require the use of the exact number
of days in a year, 365 days or 366 days (1 day is added after the end of February in a leap
year).
Ordinary interest (Io) or banker’s interest is used when interest is computed on the
basis of an assumed 30-day period per month or 360 days in one year.
Example 7: An amount of Php 37 500.00 was borrowed at 8.5% simple interest in 120 days.
Compute the exact and ordinary interests.
Solution:
Given: P = 37 500
r = 8.5% or 0.085
t = 120 days
a. Exact Interest b. Ordinary Interest

Ie = Prt Io = Prt
120 120
= 37 500 x 0.085 x 365 = 37 500 x 0.085 x 360
Ie = Php 1 047.95 Io = Php 1 062.50
Example 8: An amount of Php 54 000.00 is invested at 8% simple interest on March 15. Find
the amount of a) exact interest and b) ordinary interest earnings from August 11 of the same
year and determine the c) difference in earnings between the two interests.
March 16 - 31 16
April 1 - 30 30
May 1 - 31 31
June 1 - 30 30
July 1 - 31 31
August 1 - 11 11
Total no. of days 149
Given: P = 54 000
r = 8% or 0.08
t = March 15 – August 11 of the same year
a. Exact Interest b. Ordinary Interest

Ie = Prt Io = Prt
149 149
= 54 000 x 0.08 x 365 = 54 000 x 0.08 x 360
Ie = Php 1 763.51 Io = Php 1 788.00
c. Difference = Io - Ie
= 1 788 – 1 763.52
Difference = Php 24.49
Learning Competency with code:
• Illustrate simple and compound interests. (M11GM-lla-1)

• Distinguish between simple and compound interests. (M11GM-lla-2)
• Compute interest, maturity value, future value and present value in simple interest
(M11GM-IIa-b-1)
• Solve problems involving simple interest (M11GM-IIb-2)
Activity 1: Answer each of the following. Write the answer with complete solutions on a
sheet of paper.
1. Find:
a. 50 days from March 11, 2014
b. 150 days from December 7, 2016
2. Determine the number of days of the following:
a. January 25 to December 12 of the same year.
b. October 5 to February 7 of the following year.
c. September 15 to April 23 (a leap year)
Activity 2: Read and solve the following problems neatly and accurately. Show your
complete solutions on a sheet of paper.
1. On September 16, 2019, Choi Dae-Hyun borrowed Php 10 000.00 from a bank at 8.5%
simple interest to be used in his small sari-sari store. If the loan was paid on May 6,
2020, how much interest did he pay? Find the time and the exact and ordinary interest.
2. Miss Torres borrowed Php 65 450.00 from a savings and loan association that
charges 6.73% simple interest for 3 years. Find the:
a. amount of interest per annum;
b. total interest earned after 3 years;
c. final amount.
3. A man borrowed Php 21 000.00 from a credit union. If the interest is Php 796.25 for 9
months, what rate of interest did the man pay?
4. How long in years will it take for Php 20 000.00 to amount to Php 22 750.00 at 5.5%
simple interest?
References
Department of Education, General Mathematics Teacher’s Guide (Pasig City: Lexicon Press
Inc., 2016), pp. 135-149
Inc., 2016), pp. 153 -161.
Zorilla, Roland, Partible, Fe, Esller, Beda, Mendoza, Violeta, Bansa, Hazam, Apuyan
Eduardo. Mathematics of Investment (Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc., 2011),
pp. 6-11
“Simple vs. Compound Interest: What’s the Difference?” Indeed Career Guide. Accessed
September 9, 2020. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-
development/simplevs-compound-interest.
“Knuckle Method Calendar”. Accessed September 12, 2020.
https://www.google.com/search?q=knuckle+method+calendar.
Answer/key
Activity 1 Activity 2
1. a. April 30, 2014 1. time between dates = 232 days
b. May 6, 2017 Io = Php 547.78
Ie = Php 540.27
2. a. 321 days 2. a. I = Php 4 404.79
b. 125 days b. I = Php 13 214.36
c. 221 days c. F = Php 78 664. 36
3. r = 5.06%
4. t = 2.5 years (2 years and 6 months)
Prepared by:
King Emerald Cunanan

Special Science Teacher I
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Compound Interest
Name _________________________________ Week 2
Section ________________________________ Date ______________
In business, capital is very important. However, not
all business owners always have enough capital to sustain
their business. They have to borrow money for the business.
In the previous lesson, we discussed simple interest where
interest is charged on the principal alone for the entire length
of the loan. Simple interest loans are usually offered by
banks to individuals and businessmen for short-term periods.
When the interest due at the end of a certain period is added to the principal and that
sum earns interest for the next period, the interest paid is called compound interest.
Example: Arthur borrows Php 40 000.00 at 6% simple interest for a period of 1 year. At the
end of one year, how much must he pay? How much must he pay at the end of the second
year? How much must he pay at the end of the third year?
The example activity can be answered as shown in the following table:(Table 3)
Table 3
Principal at
Amount
start of the Interest
(At the end of the year)
year
First Year Php 40 000.00 40 000 𝑥 0.06 𝑥 1 = 2 400.00 40 000 + 2 400 = 42 400.00
Second Year Php 42 400.00 42 400 𝑥 0.06 𝑥 1 = 2 544.00 42 400 + 2 544 = 44 944.00
Third Year Php 44 944.00 44 944 𝑥 0.06 𝑥 1 = 2 696.64 44 944 + 2 696.64 = 47 640.64
The amount (F) at the end of the year is equal to the sum of the principal (P) and the
interest (Pr) for that year. In symbols,
𝐹 = 𝑃 + I or
In general, when interest is compounded annually for n years, the amount (f) is
𝐹 = 𝑃 (1 + r )t
Thus,
First Year: 𝐹 = 40 000 (1 + 0.06)1 = 𝑃hp 42 400.00

Second Year: 𝐹 = 40 000 (1 + 0.06) 2 = 𝑃hp 44 944.00
Third year: 𝐹 = 40 000 (1 + 0.06)3 = 𝑃hp 47 640.64
Note: Because interest is paid on the interest, compound interest is always greater than
simple interest.
Example 1: Find the compound amount on deposit at the end of 1 year if Php 20 000.00 is
deposited at 4% compounded (a) annually and (b) semi-annually.
Solution:
a. Annually
Given: Solution:
𝑃 = 20 000 𝐹 = 𝑃 (1 + r)t
𝑃 = 4% or 0.04 = 20 000 (1 + 0.04) (note: 1 can be omitted)
t=1 𝐹 = 𝑃hp 20 800.00
b. Semi-annually
Principal Interest New Principal
First half year Php 20 000.00 1 20,000 + 4000 = 20 400.00
20 000 𝑥 0.04 𝑥 2 = 400.00
Second half Php 20 400.00 1 20,4000 + 408 = 20 808.00

20 400 𝑥 0.04 𝑥 2 =408.00
year
At the end of one year, the amount of deposit is Php 20 808.00
In the example 1b, the period (interval for compounding) is 6 months. There are two
periods per year:
𝑟
• the rate is per period,
2
• the number of periods in n years is 2n.
Thus, if the interest is compounded semi-annually for n years the amount F is

𝑟 2𝑡
𝐹 = P(1 + )
2
𝑟
In the same way, if interest is compounded quarterly, the rate per period is 4
and there
are 𝟒n periods in n years. In symbols, the compound amount is
𝑟 4𝑡
𝐹 = P(1 + 4)
In general, the pattern can be extended for compounding K times per year to get
𝑟 𝑚𝑡 𝑟
𝐹 = P(1 + 𝑚) where 𝑚 is called the periodic rate
Example 2: Identify the interest rate per compounding period and the number of
compounding periods for each of the following investments.
a. 12 % compounded monthly for 4 years.

Given: r = 12% or 0.12, m = 12(months per year), t = 4
Solution:
Periodic rate (j) Number of compounding period (n)
𝑟 0.12
𝑗= = n = mt = 12(4)
𝑚 12
=0.01 = 48
b. 10.2% compounded quarterly for 9 quarters
Given: r = 10.2% or 0.102, m= 4(quarter per year)
Solution:
Periodic rate (j) Number of compounding period (n) is 9
𝑟 0.102
j= 𝑚
= 4
j = 0.026
Example 3: If Php 320 000.00 is invested for 5 years at 8% compounded quarterly, find (a)
the compound amount and (b) the compound interest.
Given:
r = 8% or 0.08 m = 4(compounded quarterly)
P = 320 000 n = mt = 4(5) = 20
𝑟 0.08
t = 5 years j=𝑚= 4
= 0.02
Solution:
a. Compound amount b. Compound Interest
𝐹 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑗)𝑛 𝐼=𝐹–𝑃
= 320 000(1 + 0.02)20 = 475 503.17 − 320 000
= 320 000(1.02)20
𝐼 = Php 155 503.17
𝐹 = 𝑃hp 475 503.17
Present Value P and Compound Interest

𝐹
𝑃= (1+𝑗)𝑛
or 𝑃 = 𝐹 (1 + 𝑗)−𝑛
where: P = principal or present value

F = Maturity/Future Value at the end of the term
r = interest rate
t = term/ time in years
𝑟
j = 𝑚= interest rate per conversion period
𝑛 = 𝑚t = total number of conversion periods
Example 4: Find the present value of Php 50 000.00 due in 4 years if money is invested at
12% compounded semi-annually.
Given:
F = 50 000 m = 2 (semi-annually)
𝑟 0.12
r = 12% 𝑜r 0.12 j=𝑚= 2
= 0.06
t=4 n=8
Solution: Alternate solution:
𝐹
P= (1+𝑗)𝑛 P = 𝐹(1 + 𝑗)−𝑛
50 000
= (1+0.06)8
= 50 000(1 + 0.06)−8
50 000
= (1.06)8
= 50,000(1.06)−8
P = 𝑃hp 31 370.62 P = 𝑃hp 31 370.62
Finding the Rate and Time
Rate Time
1 𝐹
𝐹 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑃
r = 𝑚 [(𝑃) − 1] 𝑥 100% t = 𝑚[𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+𝑗)]
Example 5: Find the nominal rate of interest compounded quarterly at which Php 40 000.00
accumulates to Php 60 000.00 in 7 years.
Given:
P = 40 000 m = 4 (frequency of conversion per year, quarterly)
F = 60 000 n = 28(7 years x 4 compounding periods per year)
t=7
1
𝐹 𝑛
Solution: r = 𝑚 [( ) − 1] 𝑥 100%
𝑃
1
60 000 28
= 4 [( ) − 1] 𝑥 100%
40 000
r = 5.83%
Example 6: How long in years will it take for Php 13 000.00 to become Php 20 000.00 if it is
invested at 8% compounded quarterly?
𝑟 0.08
Given: P = 13 000 r = 8% or 0.08 j=𝑚= 4
= 0.02
F = 20 000 m = 4 (frequency of conversion per year, quarterly)
𝐹
𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑃
Solution: t = 𝑚[𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+𝑗)]
20 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔
13 000
= 4[𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+0.02)]
t = 5.44 years

• Compute interest, maturity value, future value and present value in compound
interest environment (M11GM-IIa-b-1)
• Solve problems involving compound interest (M11GM-IIb-2)
Activity 1: Find the periodic rate if the rate is compounded (a) annually, (b) semi-annually,
(c) quarterly, (d) monthly, and (e) daily. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
semi-
Given rate Annually quarterly monthly daily
annually
1.10%
2. 8%
3.12%
4.11%
5.15%
Note: Use the 30-day period for the daily basis.
Activity 2: Answer each of the following. Write the answer with complete solutions on a
sheet of paper.
1. How much should Kaye set aside and invest in a fund earning 2% compounded
quarterly if she needs Php 75 000.00 in 15 months?
2. How much must Angel deposit in a bank that pays 0.75% compounded quarterly so
that she will have Php 200 000.00 after 15 years?
3. If Php 45 648.00 becomes Php 67 830.53 in 5 years, how much is the rate of interest
compounded quarterly?
4. Find the nominal rate of interest converted monthly at which Php 60 825.00
accumulates to Php87 104.25 at the end of 6 years.
5. How long (in years) will it take for Php25 000.00 to accumulate to Php 37 148.69 at
8% compounded quarterly?
References
Orlando A. Oronce, General Mathematics (Manila, Philippines: Rex
Publishing,2016),185,202
Norma D. Lopez-Mariano, Phd, Business Mathematics (Manila, Philippines: Rex
Publishing,2016),151
Inc., 2016), 162-186
Department of Education, General Mathematics Learner’s Material (Pasig City: Lexicon
Press Inc., 2016), 144 - 168.
Eduardo. Mathematics of Investment (Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House,
Inc., 2011), 60-81, 91-94, 97-98.
Answer Key
Activity 1: Activity 2: 1. P = Php 73 152.80
2. P = Php178 738.30
3. r = 8.08%
4. r = 6%
5. t = 5 years
Prepared by:
Jelene V. Basilio
Teacher I
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Simple and General Annuities
Name _________________________________ Week 3

Section ________________________________ Date ______________
One of the dreams of every Filipino family is to buy a house where they can
comfortably live. However, most often they cannot afford to purchase
such property in cash. One of the options to purchase it is payment in
installment basis. For this situation, the concept of annuities
will be used. In this module, learners should be able to investigate and
analyze problems involving simple and general annuities.
Example: Mr. and Mrs. Bautista are planning to purchase a new house despite of their limited
budget. They asked an advice from a bank for them to produce an amount for the down
payment of the house they have chosen. According to the bank if Php 20 000.00 will be
invested at the end of each year for 5 years in an account that pays interest at 10%
compounded annually the couple will be able to have the amount for down payment. If there
are three houses for sale offering a 10% down payment of the price which among these is the
“best” choice to buy?
House A – Php 850 740.00 House B – Php 1 221 020.00 House C – Php 2 110 000.00
Abstraction
If you will notice, the problem involves payment for each period which is Php 20 000.00
at the end of each year and fixed compound interest rate over a specified time; that in this
case is 10% compounded annually for 5 years.
If the payment for each period is fixed and the compound interest rate is fixed over a
specified time the payment is called an annuity payment. Accounts associated with streams
of annuity payments are called annuities.
• Definition of Terms
Annuity– a sequence of equal payments made regularly (or periodically). Examples
are monthly rents and annual insurance premiums. The time between successive
payments is a payment interval. The time between the first payment interval and
the last payment is called the term of the annuity. The amount of each payment is
referred as the periodic payment.
Simple Annuity – payment interval is the same as the interest period.
Example: Installment payment for an appliance at the end of each month with interest
compounded monthly.
General Annuity – payment interval is not the same as the interest period.
Example: Installment payment for an appliance at the end of each month with interest
compounded annually.
Ordinary Annuity – (annuity immediate) periodic payment is made at the end of each
payment Interval.
Annuity Due – periodic payment made at the beginning of each payment interval.
Annuity Certain – payable for a definite duration
Example: Installment basis of paying a car, motorcycle, appliance, house and lot
Annuity Uncertain – payable for an indefinite duration
Example: life insurance
Term of an annuity, t – time between the first payment interval and last payment interval
Regular or Periodic payment, R – the amount of each payment
Amount (Future Value) of an annuity, F – sum of future values of all the payments to be
made during the entire of the annuity
Present value of an annuity, P – sum of all the payments to be made during the entire term
of the annuity
Example 1: Determine whether the given situation is simple annuity or general annuity.
1. Payments are made at the end of each month for a loan that charges 1.05% interest
compounded quarterly. Answer: General Annuity
Since the payment of interval at the end of the month is not equal to the compounding
interval.
2. A deposit of Php 5 500.00 was made at the end of every three months to an account that
earns 5.6% interest compounded quarterly. Answer: Simple Annuity
Since the payment of interval at the end of every three months (or quarterly) is equal
to the compounding interval.
A Simple Ordinary Annuity is a simple annuity in which the periodic payment is made at the
end of the payment interval. The following are the formulas in getting the future and present
value:
Future Value Present Value

𝑅[(1+𝑗)𝑛 −1] 𝑅[(1+𝑗)−𝑛 −1]
𝐹= 𝑗
P= −𝑗
where: R = regular payment

j = interest rate per period
n = the number of payments
Example 2: A man will deposit Php 25 000.00 each year for the next 5 years in an ordinary
annuity account that pays 8% interest compounded annually. Find the amount of the
annuity at the end of 5 years?
Given: R = 25 000 m =1
r = 8% or 0.08 n = tm = (5x1) = 5
t=5 𝑟 0.08
j=𝑚= 1
= 0.08
Solution:
𝑅[(1+𝑗)𝑛 −1]
𝐹=
𝑗
25 000[(1+0.08)5 −1]
= 0.08
25 000[(1.08)5 −1]
= 0.08
𝑭 = Php 146 665.02
Example 3: Suppose Mrs. Manaloto would like to know the present value of her monthly
deposits of Php 3 000.00 when the interest is 9% compounded monthly. How much is the
amount or future value of her savings at the end of 6 months?
Given: R = 3 000 m = 12
r = 9% or 0.09 n = tm = 6
6 𝑟
t = 6 mos or or 0.5 j= = 0.0075
12 𝑚
𝑅[(1+𝑗)−𝑛 −1]
Solution: P = −𝑗
3 000[(1+0.0075)−6 −1]
= −0.0075
P = Php 17 536.79
General Ordinary Annuity is a general annuity in which the periodic payment is made at
the end of the payment interval. The following are the formulas in getting the future and
present value:
Future Value Present Value

(1+𝑗)𝑛 −1 1− (1+𝑗)−𝑛
F = 𝑅 [(1+𝑗)𝑏 −1] P = 𝑅[ (1+𝑗)𝑏 −1
]
𝑝
where: 𝑏 = 𝑐
p = number of months in a payment interval
c = number of months in a compounding period
Example 4: Php 25 000.00 will be invested in an account at the end of each year at 4%
compounded semi-annually. How much is the amount at the end of 15 years?
Given: R = 25 000 n = tm = 30
r = 4% or 0.04 p = 12 (yearly)
m=2 c = 6 (semi-annually)
t = 15 b=2
𝑟
j = 𝑚= 0.02
(1+𝑗)𝑛 −1
Solution: F = 𝑅 [(1+𝑗)𝑏 −1]
(1+0.02)30 −1
= 25 000 [ (1+0.02)2 ]
−1
(1.02)30 −1
= 25 000 [ (1.02)2 −1 ]
F = Php 502 080.19
Example 2: Jovae borrowed an amount of money from Mj. He agrees to pay the principal plus
interest by paying Php 38 973.76 each year for 3 years. How much did he borrow if the interest
is 8% compounded quarterly?
Given: R = 38 973.76 n = tm = 12
r = 8% or 0.08 p = 12 (yearly)
m=4 c = 3 (3 months per quarter)
t=3 b= 4
𝑟
j = 𝑚 = 0.02
1− (1+𝑗)−𝑛
Solution: P = 𝑅 [ (1+𝑗)𝑏 −1
]
1 − (1 + 0.02)−12
= 38 973.76 [ ]
(1 + 0.02)4 − 1
1 − (1.02)−12
= 38 973.76 [ ]
(1.02)4 − 1
P = Php 100 000.00
Learning Competency with code

• Illustrate simple and general annuities (M11GM-llc- 1)
• Distinguish between simple and general annuities (MG11GM-llc-2)
• Find the future value and present value of simple annuities (MG11GM- llc-d-1)
Activity 1: Solve the following ordinary annuities. Write your complete solutions on
a sheet of paper.
1. Find the present value of an ordinary annuity whose periodic payment of Php 18 500.00
is payable quarterly for 5 years at 6% compounded quarterly.
2. Find the amount of an ordinary annuity with a monthly annuity of Php 4 600.00 payable for
6 years and 6 months at 8% compounded monthly.
Activity 2: Solve the following problems. Write your complete solutions on a sheet of
paper.
1. What is the present value of a general annuity if monthly payments of
Php 2 000.00 with interest rate of 12% is compounded quarterly for 5 years?
2. Teacher Kaye is saving Php 2 000.00 every month by depositing it in a bank that
gives an interest of 1% compounded quarterly. How much will she save in 5 years?
3. Ken borrowed an amount of money from Kat. He agrees to pay the principal plus interest
by paying Php 38 973.76 each year for 3 years. How much money did he borrow if interest
is 8% compounded quarterly?
References
“Annuity” accessed Sept.07,2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSndYxZa6QU“Simple
Annuity accessed Sept, 07 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvlgY01iLlw“General
Annuity accessed Sept.07,2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdhQ6oX8vQY
Department of Education. Curriculum Guide: M11GM-llc-1-2 ,- d-1.
Department of Education. General Mathematics: Learner’s Guide. pp.168-183.
Eduardo. Mathematics of Investment (Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc., 2011),106-126.
Orlando A. Oronce, RBS General Mathematics 1st Edition (Rex Book Store,Inc.,2016),203-236
Wikipedia.”Annuity” accessed September 04,2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annuity
Yvette F.Lim,Rizaldi C. Nocon, Ederlina G. Nocon and Leonor A. Ruivivar, Math for Engaged
Learning in Grade 11 General Mathematics ( Sibs Publishing House Inc. ,2016 ),19-25
Answer Key
1. P = Php 317 619.82 1. P = Php 90 017.93
2. F = Php 468 598.00 2. F = Php 122 955.56
3. P = Php 100 000.00
Prepared by:
JOANAH S. BAUTISTA
Secondary School Teacher 1 – Mathematics
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Fair Market Value and Deferred Annuity
Name _________________________________ Week 4

Section ________________________________ Date ______________
A television (TV) set is for sale at Php 13 499.00 in cash or on an installment
terms, Php 2 500.00 each month for the next 6 months at 9%
compounded annually.
Questions:
1. If you were the buyer, what would you prefer, cash or
installment? Why?
2. If you would choose the cash term, how would you know that it is a better offer?
This is called Fair Market Value (FMV). The fair market value or economic value of a
cash flow (payment stream) on a particular date refers to a single amount that is equivalent to
the value of the payment stream at the date. The particular date is called the focal date. A
cash flow is a term that refers to payments received (cash inflows) or payments or deposits
made (cash outflows). Cash inflows can be represented by positive numbers and cash
outflows can be represented by negative numbers.
To calculate the fair market value of a cash flow stream of the problem stated above,
we need to compute the market value of the television set on installment terms, then
compare it to the cash term.
Given: R = 2 500 n=6

r = 9% use j = 0.007207
𝑅[(1+𝑗)−𝑛 −1]
Solution: P= −𝑗
2 500[(1+0.007207)−6 −1]
= −0.007207
P = Php 14 628.79
The present value of installment is Php 14 628.79, better to pay Php 13 499 if cash is
available, or wait until you can save enough cash than to pay by installment.
Example 1: Company A offers Php 150 000.00 at the end of 3 years plus Php 300 000.00 at
the end of 5 years. Company B offers Php 25 000.00 at the end of each quarter for the next
5 years. Assume that money is worth 8% compounded annually. Which offer has a better
market value?
Given:
Company A Company B
Php 150 000.00 at the end of 3 years

Php 25 000.00 at the end of each quarter for
the next 5 years
Php 300 000.00 at the end of 5 years
Solution:
To compare the two companies, let’s find the fair market value of each offer.
Company A offers:
The present value of Php 150 000.00 three years from now is
P1 = F (1 + j) -n
= 150 000(1 + 0.04) -6
P1 = Php 118 547.18
The present value of Php 300 000.00 five years from now is
P2 = F (1 + j) -n
= 300 000(1 + 0.04) -10
P2 = Php 202 669.25
Fair Market Value (FMV) = P1 + P2
= 118 547.18 + 202 669.25
FMV = Php 321 216.43
Company B offer: Compute for the present value of a general annuity with quarterly
payments but with semi-annual compounding at 8%.
Solve the equivalent rate, compounded quarterly, of 8% compounded semi-annually

F1 = F2
4(5) 2(5)
𝑖4 𝑖2
𝑃 (1 + 4
) = 𝑃 (1 + 2
)
20 2 10
𝑖4 𝑖
(1 + 4
) = (1 + 2
)
𝑖 4 20 0.08 10
(1 + 4
) = (1 + 2
)
𝑖4 1
( )
1 + 4 = (1.04) 2
𝑖4 1
= (1.04)(2) – 1
4
𝑖4
4
= 0.019803903
The present value of an annuity is given by:
(1+𝑗)−𝑛
𝑃 = 𝑅 (1 − 𝑗
)
(1+0.019803903)−20
= 25 000 (1 − 0.019803903
)
𝑃 = Php 409 560.47
Therefore, Company B’s offer is preferable since the market value is larger.
Example 2: Suppose Mr. Gutierrez wants to purchase a cellular phone. He decided to pay
monthly for 1 year starting at the end of the month. How much is the cost of a cellular phone
if his monthly payment is Php 2 500.00 and interest is 9% compounded monthly?
Solution:
Given: R = 2,500 t=1

(12)
i = 0.09 m= 12
Find: P =?
___________2500_____2500______.... ____R____
0 1 2 … n
𝒊𝟏𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟗
The interest per period is j = = = 0.0075
𝒎 𝟏𝟐
The number of payments is n = mt = 12(1) = 12
The present value of the annuity is

(1+𝑗)−𝑛
𝑃 = 𝑅 (1 − 𝑗
)
(1 + 0.075)−12
= 2 500 (1 − )
0.0075
𝑃 = Php 28 587.28
Thus, the cost of the cellular phone now is Php 28 587.28
Example 3: What if Mr. Gutierrez is considering another cellular phone that has a different
payment scheme? In this scheme, he has to pay Php 2 500.00 for 1 year starting at the end
of the fourth month. If the interest rate is also 9% converted monthly, how much is the cash
value of the cellular phone?
To answer this problem, notice that the two payment schemes have the same number
of payments n and the same interest rate per period j. Their main difference is the start of the
payments. The first scheme started at the end of the first interval which make it an ordinary
annuity. The second scheme started on a later date. This annuity is called deferred annuity. A
deferred annuity is an annuity that does not begin until a given time interval has passed. The
Period of Deferral is time between the purchase of an annuity and the start of the payments
for the deferred annuity.
Note that for deferred annuities, the start of the payment is for a later date. In this
example, Mr. Gutierrez pay starting at the end of the 4th month to the end of the 15 th month.
Now, how do we get the present value of this annuity?
Step 1: We first assume payments are also being made during the period of deferral: in
other words, there are no skipped payments.
From the previous lesson, the present value P ’of this ordinary annuity is given by:
1− (1+𝑗)−𝑛
P’ = R 𝑗
1− (1+0.0075)−15
= 2 500 0.0075
P’ = Php 35 342.49
Step 2: We now subtract the present value of the payments made during the period of deferral.
Again, based on the previous lesson, the present value P* of the 3 payments during the period
of deferral is :
1− (1+𝑗)−𝑛
P* = R
𝑗
1− (1+0.0075)−3
= 2 500 0.0075
P* = Php 7 388.89 342
Step 3: Since the payments in the period of deferral are artificial payments, we subtract
the present values of this payments. We obtain,
P = P’ – P* = 35.49 – 7 388.89 = 27 953.60
Thus, the present value of the new cellular phone is Php 27 953.60
Comparing the present values of the two schemes, the present value in the second scheme
is lower than the present value of the first because the payments in the second scheme will
be received on a later date.
Below is the formula for the Present Value of a Deferred Annuity:
P = Rk + n – Rk
1− (1+𝑗)−( 𝑘+𝑛) 1− (1+𝑗)−𝑘
=R -R
𝑗 𝑗
where: R = the regular payment,

j = the interest rate per period,
n = the number of payments, and
k = the number of conversion periods in the period of deferral
(or number of artificial payments)

• Calculate the fair market value of a cash flow streams that includes annuity (M11GMIId-2)
• Calculate the present value and period of deferral of a deferred annuity (M11GM-IId-3)
Activity 1: Find the period of deferral in the following problems.

1. Monthly payments of Php 10 000.00 for 8 years that will start 13 months from now.
2. Semi-annual payments of Php 15 000.00 for 10 years that will start 6 years from now.
3. Payments of Php 5 000.00 every 3 months for 10 years that will start five years from now.
4. Quarterly payments of Php 600.00 for 20 years that will start 10 years from now.
5. Payments of Php 3 000.00 every 2 years for 12 years starting at the end of 4 years.
Activity 2: Solve the following problems.

1. Jennylyn converted her loan into light payments which gives her an option to pay Php
1 500.00 every month for 2 years. The first payment is due 3 months from now. How much
is the amount of loan if the interest rate is 9% converted monthly?
2. In order to save for her high school graduation, Lyka decided to save Php 200.00 at the
end of every month, starting the end of the second month. If the bank pays 0.025%
compounded monthly, how much will be her money at the end of 5 years? (use
j=0.00002083, n=60).
3. A debt is to be paid by regular payments of Php 3 000.00 paid at the end of every 2 months
for 5 years. The first payment is due at the end of one year. How many periods of deferral
are there?
4. Find the present value of a deferred annuity of Php 12 000.00 at the end of 6 months for 18
years. The first payment will be done after three years, and the money is compounded by
2.5% semiannually.
5. A debt is to be paid by regular payments of Php 15 000.00 paid at the end of every 3 months
for 8 years. The first payment will be done after 3 years. How many periods of deferral are
there?
References:
“Calculating the Fair Market Value of a Cash Flow Stream That Includes an Annuity” last
modified September 8,2020, https://app.quizalize.com/view/quiz/calculating-the-
fairmarket-value-of-a-cash-flow-stream-that-includes-an-annuity-b9f5c748-2e56-492b-
a2ade8e732cd3a6b
“Calculating the Present value and Period of a Deferred Annuity” last modified September 9,
2020,https://app.quizalize.com/view/quiz/calculating-the-present-value-and-period-
ofdeferral-of-a-deferred-annuity-4eecb704-b808-466d-8171-bf7c40ae2385
Department of Education. Curriculum Guide: M11GM-IId-2, pp. iii
Department of Education. Curriculum Guide: M11GM-IId-3, pp. iii.
Department of Education. General Mathematics: Teacher’s Guide. pp. 207-212.
Department of Education. General Mathematics: Learner’s Guide: pp. 213-221.
Ricardo B. Banigon Jr., Maita G. Camilon, and Catalina B. Manalo, General Mathematics for
Senior High School 1st Edition (Educational Resources Corporation, 2016) pp. 115-124
Rubrics:
Criterion Full Marks Good No Marks
Provision of solutions Solutions are correctly Some solutions are No solution provided
provided (3 Points) missing. (1 – 2 Points) (0 Point)
Correctness of the Answer is correct. (2 Answer is partially There is no answer, or

Answer Points) correct. (1 Point) the answer is wrong.
(0 Point)
Answer Key
1. 12 periods 1. Php 32 346.70
2. 11 periods 2. Php 11 992.38
3.19 periods 3. 5 periods
4.39 periods 4. Php 346 167.21
5.1 period 5. 12 periods
Prepared by:
WILMAFREDA C. DAVID
Secondary School Teacher 1 – Mathematics
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Basic Concepts of Stocks and Bonds
Name _________________________________ Week 5

Section ________________________________ Date ______________
Some corporations may raise money for their expansion by
issuing stocks. Stocks are shares in the ownership of the
company. Owners of stocks may be considered as part -owner
of the company.
Stocks can be bought or sold at its current price is called the
market value. When a person buys some shares, the person
receives a certificate with the corporation’s name, owner’s name, number of shares and par
value per share.
Here is the comparison of Stocks and Bonds.
STOCKS BONDS
A form of equity financing or raising money A form of debt financing, or raising money by
by allowing investors to be part owners of borrowing from investors.
company.
Stock prices vary every day. These prices Investors are guaranteed interest payments
are reported in various media. and a return of their money at maturity date.
Investing in stocks involves some Uncertainty comes from the ability of the
uncertainty. Investors can earn if the stock bond issuer to pay the bond holders. Bonds
prices increase, but they can lose money if issued by the government pose less risk
the stock prices decrease or worse, if the than those by companies because the
company gets bankrupt. government has guaranteed funding (taxes)
from which it can pay its loans.
Higher risk but with possibility of higher Lower risk but lower yield.
returns.
Can be appropriate if the investment is for Can be appropriate for retirees (because of
the long term (10 years or more). This can the guaranteed fixed income) or for those
allow investors to wait for stock prices to who need the money soon (because they
increase if ever they go low. cannot afford to take a chance at the stock
market).
The following are terms that are connected to Stocks:
Stocks- share in the ownership of a company.

Dividend- share in the company’s profit.
Dividend per share- ratio of the dividends to the number of shares.
Stock Market- a place where stocks can be bought or sold.
Market Value- the current price of a stock at which it can be sold
Stock Yield Ratio- ratio of the annual dividend per share. Also called current stock yield.
Par value- the per share amount as stated on the company certificate. Unlike market
value, it is determined by the company and remains stable over time.
Formula: Formula:
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 Dividend
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑
= = Dividend percentage x Par value x Number of Shares
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
Example 1: A certain financial institution declared a Php 30 000 000.00 dividend for
the common stocks. If there are a total of 700 000 shares of common stock, how
much is the dividend per share?
Given: Total Dividend = 30 000 000.00
Total Shares= 700 000
Find: Dividend per share
Solution:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
30 000 000
=
700 000
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 = Php 42.86
Therefore, the dividend per share is Php 42.86
Example 2: A certain corporation declared 3% dividend on a stock with a par value of Php
500.00. Mrs. Lingan owns 200 shares of stocks with a par value of Php 500.00. How much is
the dividend she received?
Given: Dividend percentage = 3%

Par value= Php 500.00
Number of shares= 200
Find: Dividend
Solution: Dividend = Dividend percentage x Par value x Number of Shares
= 0.03 x 500 x 200
Dividend = Php 3 000.00
Thus, the dividend is Php 3 000.00.
Example 3: Corporation A, with a current market value of Php 52.00, gave a dividend of Php
8.00 per share for its common stock. Corporation B, with a current market value of Php 95.00,
gave a dividend of Php 12.00 per share. Use the stock yield ratio to measure how much
dividends shareholders are getting in relation to the amount invested.
Solutions:
Corporation A Corporation B
Given: Dividend per share = Php 8.00 Given: Dividend per share = Php 12.00
Market Value = Php 52.00 Market Value = Php 95.00
Find: Stock Yield Ratio Find: Stock Yield Ratio

Solution: Solution:
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
8 12
= 52 = 95
𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 0.1583 or 15.83% 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 0.1263 or 12.63%
Corporation A has a higher stock yield ratio than Corporation B. Thus, each peso would earn
you more if you invest in Corporation A than in Corporation B. If all other things are equal,
then it is wiser to invest in Corporation A. As this example shows, the stock yield ratio can be
used to compare two or more investments.
The following are terms that are connected to Bonds:

Bond - interest-bearing security which promises to pay a stated amount of money on the
maturity date, and regular interest payments called coupons.
Coupon - periodic interest payment that the bondholder receives during the time between
purchase date and maturity date; usually received semi-annually
Coupon Rate - the rate per coupon payment period; denoted by r
Price of a Bond - the price of the bond at purchase time; denoted by P
Par Value or Face Value - the amount payable on the maturity date; denoted by F
If P = F, the bond is purchased at par
If P < F, the bond is purchased at a discount
If P > F, the bond is purchased at premium
Term or Tenor of a Bond- fixed period of time (in years) at which the bond is redeemable as
stated in the bond certificate; number of years from time of purchase to maturity date
Fair Price of a Bond- present value of all cash inflows to the bondholder
Example 4: Determine the amount of the semi-annual coupon for a bond with a face value
of Php 300 000.00 that pays 10%, payable semi-annually for its coupons.
Given: Face Value F = Php 300 000.00

Coupon Rate r = 10%
Find: Amount of Semi-annual Coupon
Solution:
Annual Coupon Amount: 300 000 (0.10) = Php 30 000.00
1
Semi-Annual Coupon Amount: 30 000 (2) = Php 15 000.00
Thus, the amount of the semi-annual coupon is Php 15 000.00
The coupon rate is used only for computing the coupon amount, usually paid semi-
annually. It is not the rate at which money grows. Instead current market conditions
are reflected by the market rate and is used to compute the present value of future
payments.
Example 5: Suppose that a bond has a face value of Php 100 000.00 and its maturity date is
10 years from now. The coupon rate is 5% payable semi-annually. Find the fair price of this
bond, assuming that the annual market rate is 4%.
Given: Face Value F = Php 100 000.00

Coupon rate r = 5%
Time to Maturity = 10 years
Number of periods = 2 (10) = 20
Market Rate = 4%
Find: Fair Price of the Bond
0.05
Solution: 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑚𝑖 − 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛: 100 000 ( ) = 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2 500.00
2
Thus, a price of Php 108 512.14 is equivalent to all future payments, assuming an annual
market rate of 4%.
A stock market index is a measure of a portion of the stock market.

Stock market tables
Index Val Chg % Chg
PSEi 7 523.93 -14.20 -0.19
Financials 4 037.83 6.58 0.16
Holding Firms 6 513.37 2.42 0.37
Industrial 11 741.55 125.08 1.07
Property 2 973.53 -9.85 -0.33
Val – value of the index

Chg – change of the index value from the previous trading day (i.e., value today
minus value yesterday) %
Chg – ratio of Chg to Val (i.e., Chg divided by Val)
Stock Table
52-WK HI/LO – highest/ lowest selling price of the stock in the past 52 weeks
HI/LO – highest/ lowest selling price of the stock in the last trading day
STOCK – three-letter symbol the company is using for trading
DIV – dividend per share last year
VOL (100s) – number of shares (in hundreds) traded in the last trading day. In this
case, stock AAA sold 2,050 shares of 100 which is equal to 20,500 shares.
CLOSE- closing price on the last trading day.
NETCHG- net change between the two last trading days. In the case of AAA, the net
change is 0.10. The closing price the day before the last trading day is Php
57.29 – P0.10 = Php 57.19.
Example of a listing on bonds
HIGH/LOW – highest and lowest selling price (in percentage) for the past 52 weeks.
In the case of company XXX, the highest price is 110% of the face value
while the lowest is 98% of the face value.
NAME - name of the company; the information also gives the annual interest rate (6%
per annum for XXX), and the maturity year (2020 for XXX)
CUR YLD - current yield (5.1% for XXX) S
ALES (1000) - number of traded bonds (in 1000s) in the previous trading day.
WEEKLY HIGH/LOW - weekly high and low, respectively (for XXX these are 110% and
105%) LAST - closing price of the bond in the previous trading day (for XXX, it
is 105%)
NET CHG - net change (in percentage) as compared to last week (for XXX, the price is
5% lower this week; this means that last week, it was 105% + 5% =110%)
• Illustrate stocks and bonds. (M11GM-IIe-1)

• Distinguish between stocks and bonds. (M11GM-IIe-2)
• Describe the different markets for stocks and bonds. (M11GM-IIe-3)
• Analyze the different market indices for stocks and bonds. (M11GM-IIe-4)
Activity 1: Tell whether the following is a characteristic of stocks or bonds. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A form of equity financing or raising money by allowing investors to be part owners of
the company.
2. A form of debt financing, or raising money by borrowing from investors. __________
3. Investors are guaranteed interest payments and a return of their money at the maturity
date. _____________
4. Investors can earn if the security prices increase, but they can lose money if the
security prices decrease or worse, if the company goes bankrupt. ________
5. It can be appropriate for retirees (because of the guaranteed fixed income) or for those
who need the money soon. _______________.
Activity 2: Solve the following problems completely.
1. A food corporation declared a dividend of Php 25 000 000.00 for its common stock.
Suppose there are 180 000 shares of common stock, how much is the dividend per
share?
2. A certain financial institution declared Php 57.00 dividend per share for its common
stock. The market value of the stock is Php198.00. Determine the stock yield ratio.
3. A certain land developer declared a dividend of Php 28.00 per share for the common
stock. If the common stock closes at Php 99.00, how large is the stock yield ratio on
this investment?
4. Determine the amount of a semi-annual coupon paid for a 3% bond with a face value
of Php 80 000.00 which matures after 15 years.
5. A Php 450 000.00 bond is redeemable at Php 550 000.00 after 5 years. Coupons are
given at 5% convertible semiannually. Find the amount of the semi-annual coupon.
Activity 3: Consider the table below and answer the following questions for stock
CCC:
1. What was the lowest price of the stock for the last 52 weeks?
2. What was the dividend per share last year?
3. What was the annual percentage yield last year?
4. What was the closing price in the last trading day?
5. What was the closing price the day before the last trading day?
Activity 4: Solve the following problems completely. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. A properly holdings declared a dividend of Php9.00 per share for the common stock. If the
common stock closes at Php76.00, how large is the stock yield ratio on this investment?
2. Find the amount of the semi-annual coupon for Php 250 000.00bond which pays 7%
convertible semi-annually for its coupons.
3. A land developer declared a dividend of Php 10 000 000.00 for its common stock.
Suppose there are 600 000 shares of common stock, how much is the dividend per
share?
4. A certain company gave out Php 25.00 dividend per share for its common stock. The
market value of the stock is Php 92.00. Determine the stock yield ratio.
Rubrics:
Provision of solutions Solutions are correctly Some solutions are No solution provided (0
provided (3 Points) missing. (1 – 2 Points) Point)
Correctness of the Answer is correct. (2 Answer is partially There is no answer, or the
Answer Points) correct. (1 Point) answer is wrong. (0 Point)
References:
Department of Education. General Mathematics: Learner’s Guide: General Mathematics.
Accessed on September 9,2020.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ew33uYuVzm4 .
Answer Key
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4

1. Stock 1. Php 138.89 1. 35 1. 11.84%
2. Bond 2. 28.79% 2. 1.70 2. Php 8 750.00
3. Bond 3. 28.28% 3. 4.7 3. Php 16.67
4. Stock 4. Php 1 200.00 4. 50.50 4. 27.17%
5. Bond 5. Php 11 250.00 5. 49.80
Prepared by:
APRIL JOY S. MANIALUNG

Teacher II
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Business and Consumer Loans
Name _________________________________ Week 6

Section ________________________________ Date ______________
The basic concepts of loans are very familiar to every individual. Through
loans, people, businessmen, entrepreneurs, and even family persons receive
assistance in addressing financial needs from different lending corporations. Loans
is not just limited to borrowing money in a bank to finance business expansion, but
also covers the use of credit card, amortizing appliances, and many more.
Your family is planning to apply for a loan to purchase a brand-new car. Two banks
offered you two different payment schemes. Which scheme will you choose?
Which of the We offer you a

We offer you a two options monthly payment
monthly payment will you take? of Php 14 600.00
of Php 23 500.00 for five years
for three years
A B
The following are the terminologies that are used in this module:
Business Loan – money lent specifically for a business purpose. It may be used to start a
business or to have a business expansion.
Consumer Loan – money lent to an individual for personal or family purpose.
Collateral – assets used to secure the loan. It may be real-state or other investments.
Term of the Loan – time to pay the entire loan.
Amortization Method – method of paying a loan (principal and interest) on installment

basis, usually of equal amounts at regular intervals.
Mortgage – a loan, secured by a collateral, that the borrower is obliged to pay at
specified terms.
Chattel Mortgage – a mortgage on a movable property
Collateral – assets used to secure the loan. It may be a real-state or other investment.
Outstanding Balance – any remaining debt at a specified time.
Let’s consider the following problems (1-5) and identify whether they are consumer or
business loans.
Example 1: Mr. Arcilla plans to have a barbershop. He wants to borrow some money from the
bank in order for him to buy the equipment and furniture for the barbershop.
Answer: Business Loan
Example 2: Mr. and Mrs. Viloria wants to borrow money from the bank to finance the college
education of their son. Answer: Consumer Loan
Example 3: Mr. Austria wants to have some improvements on their 10-year old house. He
wants to build a new room for their 13-year old daughter. He will borrow some money from
the bank to finance this plan. Answer: Consumer Loan
Example 4: Mr. Diaz owns a siomai food cart business. He wants to put another food cart on
a new mall in the other city. He decided to have a loan to establish the new business.
Answer: Business Loan
Example 5: Irene has a computer shop. She owns 6 computers. She decided to borrow some
money from the bank to buy 10 more computers. Answer: Business Loan
Example 6: Mr. Sula borrowed Php 1 000 000.00 for the expansion of his business. The
effective rate of interest is 7%. The loan is to be repaid in full after one year. How much is
to be paid after one year?
𝑟 0.07
Given: P = 1 000 000 𝑗=𝑚= 1
= 0.07 Find: F
r =0.07 n = mt = (1)(0.07) = 1
m=1
Solution: F = 𝑃(1 + 𝑗)n

= 1 000 000(1 + 0.07)
F = Php 1 070 000.00
Therefore, an amount of Php 1 070 000.00 must be paid after one year.
Example 7: (Chattel Mortgage). A person borrowed Php1 200 000.00 for the purchase of a
car. If his monthly is Php 31 000.00 on a 5-year mortgage, find the total amount of interest.
Given: 𝑃 = 1 200 000 Monthly payment = 31,000
Solution: The total amount paid is given by
Total Amount = (31 000)(12𝑚onths )(5 years)

= Php 1 860 000.00
Thus, the total interest is the difference between the total amount paid and the amount of
the mortgage;
Total Interest = 1 860 000 – 1 200 00
= Php 660 000.00

Example 8: If a house is sold for Php 3 000 000.00 and a bank requires 20% down
payment, find the amount of the mortgage.
Solution:
Down payment = Down payment rate x Cash Price
= 0.20(3 000 000)
= Php 600 000.00
Amount of the Loan = Cash Price - Downpayment

= 3 000 000 – 600 000
= Php 2 400 000.00
Hence, the mortgage amount is Php 2 400 000.00
Alternate Solution:
Mortgage = Cash Value x Percentage
= (3 000 000) (0.80) 80% = 100% -20% downpayment
Mortgage = Php 2 400 000.00
Note: In this case, the house itself is used as the mortgage property.
• Outstanding Balance
Recall that the outstanding balance of a loan is the amount of the loan at this time. One
method to compute the outstanding balance is to get the present value of all remaining
payments. This method is called the prospective method. We use the symbol 𝐵𝑘 to denote
the outstanding balance after k payments.
−(𝑛−𝑘)
1 − (1 + 𝑗)
𝐵𝑘 = 𝑅 [ ]
𝑗
where: 𝐵𝑘 = outstanding balance after k payments
R = Periodic Payment
j = rate of interest per conversion period
n – k = number of unpaid periodic payments
Example 9: Mrs. Villavicencio borrowed some money from a bank that offers an interest rate
of 12% compounded monthly. Her monthly amortization for 5 years is Php 11 122.22. How
much is the outstanding balance after the 12th payment?
Given: 𝑅 = 11 122.22 k = 12 (number of payments paid)

r = 0.12 Remaining Payments = n - k
m = 12 = 60 - 12
𝑟 0.12
𝑗=𝑚= 12
= 0.01 = 48
n = 𝑚𝑡 = 12(5) = 60
Find: present value of 48 future payments (since there are 48 payments left)
Solution:
−(𝑛−𝑘)
1 − (1 + 𝑗)
𝐵𝑘 = 𝑅 [ ]
𝑗
−48
1 − (1 + 0.01)
= 11 122.22 [ ]
0.01
𝐵𝑘 = Php 422 354.73
The outstanding balance after the 12th payment is Php 422 354.73.
Example 10: Mr. and Mrs. Cruz purchased a house and lot worth Php 4 000 000.00 They
paid a down payment of Php 800 000.00 They plan to amortize the loan of Php 3 200 000.00
by paying monthly for 20 years. The interest rate is 12% convertible monthly.
a. How much is the monthly payment?

b. What is the total interest paid?
c. What is the principal and interest components of the 51st payment?
Given: P = 3 200 000 t = 20

𝑟
r = 0.12 j = 𝑚 = 0.01
m = 12 n = mt = 240
Solution:
a. Monthly Payment (Regular Payment R)
𝑃
R= 1−(1+𝑗)−𝑛
[ ]
𝑗
3 200 000
= 1−(1+0.01)−240
[ ]
0.01
R = Php 35 234. 76
Therefore, the monthly payment is Php 35 234. 76
b. Total Interest paid

Given: 𝑃 = 3 200 000.00
𝑅 = 35 234. 76
n = 240
Find: total interest paid
Total payment = (Total number of payments) (Periodic Payment)

= 240 𝑥 35 234.76
= Php 8 456 342.40
Interest = Total Payments − Principal
= 8 456 342.40 −3 200 000
= 5 256 342.40
The interest amount is Php 5 256 342.40
Note: You may be surprised to learn that much of what is being paid is for the interest.
This is particularly true if a loan is being paid over a long period of time.
c. Principal and interest component of the 51st payment
The 51st payment of Php 35 234.76 is partly used to pay for the principal,
and partly to pay for the interest.
Step 1: Get the outstanding balance after the 50th payment (the balance after the 50th
payment is what the 51st payment will be for).
Since 50 payments have been paid already, there will be 190 remaining payments.
1− (1+𝑗)−(𝑛−𝑘)
𝐵𝑘 = 𝑅 [ 𝑗
]
1− (1+0.01)−190
= 35 234.76 [ ]
0.01
𝐵𝑘 = Php 2 991. 477.63
Step 2: After the 50th payment, the outstanding balance is Php 2 991 477.63. Since the
interest rate per period is 𝑗 = 0.01, then the remaining balance of Php 2 991 477.63
will be charged an interest of (0.01)( Php 2 991 477.63) = Php 29 914.78
The 51st payment of 𝑃ℎ𝑝 35 234.76 will be used to pay the interest. Thus, the
interest component 𝐼51 of the 51st payment is Php 29 914.78
The remaining portion of the 51st payment is the principal component, denoted by 𝑃𝑅51, is:
𝑃𝑅51 = 𝑅 −𝐼50
= 35 234.76 – 29 914.78
𝑃𝑅51 = Php 5 319.98
Thus, for the 51st payment, the part goes to pay the interest is Php 29 914.78 and the
part that goes to pay the principal is Php 5 319.98.
Learning Competency with Code

• Illustrate business and consumer loans (M11GM-11f-1).
• Distinguish between business and consumer loans (M11GM-11f-2).
• Solve problems involving business and consumer loans (amortization, mortgage)
(M11GM-11f-3).
Activity 1: Identify the following whether the following illustrates a business loan or a
consumer loan.
1. Mr. Lim wants to have another branch for his cellphone repair shop. He decided to
apply for a loan that he can use to pay for the rentals of the new branch.
2. Mr. Trillas runs a trucking business. He wants to buy three more trucks for
expansion of his business. He decided for a loan in a bank.
3. Mrs. Alonzo decided to take her family for a vacation. To cover the expenses, she
decided to apply for a loan.
4. Glenn decided to purchase a condominium unit near his workplace. He got a loan
worth Php 2 000 000.00
5. Mr. Galang renovated his house for Php 80 000.00 This was made possible because
of an approval loan worth Php 75 000.00
Activity 2: Solve the following problems completely.
1. A loan of Php 300 000.00 is to be repaid in full after 2 years. If the interest rate is 9%
per annum. How much should be paid after 2 years?
2. If a car loan of Php 790 000.00 requires a 20% down payment. How much is the
mortgage?
3. A person borrowed Php 1 000 000.00 for the purchase of a car. If his monthly
payment is Php 25 000.00 on an 8-year mortgage, find the total amount of interest.
4. A consumer loan worth Php 80 000.00 is to be repaid in 12 months at 8% convertible
monthly. How much is the monthly payment?
Activity 3: Complete the following table and be guided by the question below.
A loan amounting to Php 10 000.00 is to be paid annually for 4 years with an interest rate
of 5% compounded annually. The annual amortization is Php 2 820.11.
Regular Interest Principal
Outstanding
Period Payment R Component of Component of
Balance
Payment Payment
0 A
1 B 500 2 320.11 7 679.56
2 2 820.11 F G 5 243.54
3 2 820.11 262.18 2 557.93 H
4 2 820.11 134.29 2 685.82 I
TOTALS C D E
A. How much is the amount of the loan? (outstanding balance at period 0)

B. How much is the first annual payment?
C. How much is the total amount of payment?
D. How much is the total interest paid?
E. How much is the total payments for the principal?
F. For the second payment, how much goes to pay the interest?
G. For the second payment, How much goes to pay the principal?
H. How much is the outstanding balance after the 3rd payment?
I. How much should be the entry in the outstanding balance after the last payment?
References:
Department of Education. Most Essential Learning Competencies in Mathematics:
M11GM11f-1-3, pp. 64.
Department of Education. General Mathematics: Learner’s Guide: pp. 225 – 237
Freepik.”People Thinking”. Accessed on September 7, 2020.
https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/people-thinking-design-vector-
illustrationeps10-graphic_2238582.htm
Freepik.”Bank Images”. Accessed on September 7,.
https://www.freepik.com/freevector/isometric-money-saving-
conceptbackground_4276725.htm#page=1&query=bank&position=2
Quipper. “General Mathematics”. Accessed on September 7, 2020.
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ff95ad2b76d0002001b6b/curriculum#
curric ulum
Slideshare. “Basic Concept of Business and Consumer Loans”. Accessed on
September 7, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/reycastro1/basic-concept-of-
business-and-consumerloans
Rubrics:
Provision of Solutions are Some solutions No solution provided

solutions correctly provided are missing. (1 – 2 (0 Point)
(3 Points) Points)
Correctness of the Answer is correct. Answer is There is no answer,
Answer (2 Points) partially correct. or the answer is
(1 Point) wrong. (0 Point)
Answer Key
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3
1. Business Loan 1. Php 356. 430.00 A. Php10 000.00 F. Php 383.98

2. Business Loan 2. Php 632 000.00 B. Php 2 820.11 G. Php 2 436.13
3. Consumer Loan 3. Php 1 400 000.00 C. Php 11 280.44 H. Php 2 685.82
4. Consumer Loan 4. Php 6 959.07 D. Php 1 280.44 I. Php 0.00
5. Consumer Loan 5. Php 65 655.94 E. Php 10 000.00
Prepared by:
LLOYD D. DUQUE
SHS Teacher 1 - Mathematics
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Propositions
Name _________________________________ Week 7

Section ________________________________ Date ______________
Logic is the basis of all mathematical reasoning, and of all automated reasoning. The rules
of logic specify the meaning of mathematical statements. These rules help us understand
and reason with statements such as:
∃𝑥 such that 𝑥 ≠ 𝑎2 + 𝑏2, where 𝑥, 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍
In English, this simply means “There exists an integer that is not the sum of two squares”.
In your everyday life, you provide information about yourself, people, things, and/or events.
When you say for example, “The weather is hot,” you have just stated something which
philosophers call a proposition.
A proposition is a declarative sentence that is either true or false but cannot be both.
If a proposition is true, then its truth value is true, which is denoted by T; otherwise, its truth
value is false, which is denoted by F.
Propositions are usually denoted by small letters. For example, the proposition
p: Everyone should study logic
may be read as “p is the proposition “Everyone should study logic.”
Examples: Determine each sentence as proposition or not. If it is a proposition, give its

truth value
p: Mindanao is an island in the Philippines.
q: Find a number which divides your age.
r: My seatmate will get a perfect score in the logic exam.
s: Welcome to the Philippines!
t: 3+2=5
√𝑥
u: 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥+1) is a rational function.
v: What is the domain of the function?
w: I am lying.
Answers:
p. This is a declarative sentence, and Mindanao is an island in the Philippines. Hence

p is a proposition.
q. This is an imperative sentence, and so it is not a proposition.
r. The statement is a declarative sentence, but its truth value will only be known after
the logic exam. Nonetheless, it can either be true or false, but not both. Hence r is a
proposition.
s. This statement is exclamatory, and hence it is not a proposition.
t. The given equation is a mathematical sentence. Translated into English, the
equation reads “the sum of three and two is five”, which is a declarative sentence. It
is also a true statement. Hence t is a true proposition.
u. This is a declarative statement. Since the numerator of the function is not a
polynomial function, the function f is not rational, so the statement is false. It is
therefore a false proposition.
v. This is an interrogative sentence. Hence it is not a proposition.
w. Although w is a declarative sentence, it is not a proposition because it can neither
be true nor false. Suppose w is true—that is, it is the case that I am lying. Since I
am lying, my statement is not true, and so w must be false. The same conclusion
can be drawn if w is assumed to be false.
Definition: A proposition is said to be simple if it has only one subject and one predicate.
It cannot be broken down any further into other component propositions.
Examples:
1. Charlie is neat.
2. DepEd Division off Angeles City is located in Barangay Pulungbulu.
3. 2 + 2 = 4
A compound proposition is a proposition formed from simpler proposition using
logical connectors or some combination of logical connectors
Type of
Component
Compound Connector Example
Propositions
Proposition
It is not the case that
Negation not is a rational number.
is a rational number.
Plato is a philosopher.
Plato and Aristotle are
Conjunction and
philosophers
Aristotle is a philosopher.
I pass Logic.
Either I pass Logic or I
Disjunction either…or
do not.
I do not pass Logic.
If one person reuses A person reuses plastic
plastic containers, then containers.
Conditional if…then he or she helps lessen
He/she helps lessen
waste.
waste.
I will go to the party if I will go to the party.
If and only
Biconditional and only if Juan will go
if
to the party. Juan will go to the party
Determine the propositions that make up the following compound proposition.
p1: Either logic is fun and interesting, or it is boring. p2:
If you study hard, then you will get good grades.
p3: If you are more than 60 years old, then you are entitled to a Senior Citizen’s
card, and if you are entitled to a Senior Citizen’s card, then you are more
than 60 years old.
Proposition Simple Component/s

p1
f: Logic is fun.
i: Logic is interesting.
b: Logic is boring.
P2
s: You study hard.
g: You will get good grades
P3 a: You are more than 60 years old

s: You are entitled to a Senior Citizen’s card.
Definition: The negation of a proposition is denoted by ~p (read as not p). It is formed by

the insertion of the word “not” in the statement. It can also express the negation by prefixing
the phrase “it is false” or it is not the case”
✔ If the proposition is true, then the negation is false
p ~p
T F
F T
Example: j : Jackson is a movie star.

~ j : Jackson is not a movie star.
It is not the case that Jackson is a movie star.
It is not true that Jackson is a movie star.
It is false that Jackson is a movie star.
More Examples: State the negation of the following propositions.
𝑥+1
n1: 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥+2 is a polynomial function.
n2: 2 is an odd number.
n3: The tinikling is the most difficult dance.
n4: Everyone in Visayas speaks Cebuano.
𝑥+1
Solution. ~n1: “It is not true that 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥+2polynomial function” or simply
𝑥+1
“𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥+2 is not a polynomial function”.
~n2: “It is not true that 2 is an odd number”, or “2 is an even number.”

~n3: “The tinikling is not the most difficult dance.”
~n4: “Not everyone in Visayas speaks Cebuano.”
Definition: The conjunction of propositions p and q is denoted by p ^ q (p and q). The

propositions p and q are called conjuncts
✔ If p is true and q is true then p ^ q is true; otherwise p ^ q is false.
The truth value of the conjunction of the statements is determine wholly and entirely by the
truth value of its conjuncts (two statements joined together by “and”)
p q p^q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F
Examples:
1. Liza goes to Bohol and Myra visits her grandfather. (l ^ m)

2. Charlie is neat and Charlie is sweet. (n ^ s)
3. Let p and q be the propositions
p: Angels exist.
q: π > 3
Express the following conjunctions in English or in symbols.
1. p ^ q Answer: Angels exist and π > 3.
2. P ^ (~q) Answer: Angels exist and π ≤ 3.
3. Angels do not exist, π≤ 3. Answer: ~p ^ ~ q
4. While angels do not exist, π > 3 Answer: ~p ^ q
Definition: The disjunction of propositions p and q is denoted by p v q (p or q). The

propositions p and q are called disjuncts.
✔ The truth value of disjunction p V q is false only when both disjuncts are false.
p q Pvq
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
Examples: Art took the make-up exam on Tuesday or Wednesday.
Let p, q, and r be the following propositions:

p: Victor has a date with Liza.
q: Janree is sleeping
r: Eumir is eating
Express the following propositions in English or in symbols, as the case may be.
1. p v q Answer: Victor has a date with Liza or Janree is sleeping.
2. q v ~ r Answer: Either Janree is sleeping or Eumir is not eating.
3. p v (q v r) Answer: Either Victor has a date with Liza, or Janree is sleeping,
or Eumir is eating.
Definition: The conditional proposition is denoted by p → q (p implies q, if p then q). The

proposition p is called the hypothesis, while the proposition q is called the conclusion.
✔ It is asserted by the hypothetical statement, that conditional statement might be true
even though both of its components were true.
p q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Examples: If you will pass this subject, then you are a good student. If Sydney
is in Australia, then 2 + 2 = 5.
Suppose that Geebee is a Grade 11 student. Consider the following conditionals.

p1: If Geebee is in Grade 11, then she is a senior high school student.
p2: If Geebee is in Grade 11, then she is working as a lawyer.
p3: If Geebee has a degree in computer science, then she believes in true love.
Analyze the truth value of these conditionals.

Solutions:
p1: The hypothesis and the conclusion are true.
Thus, is true (from the first row of the truth table for the conditional statement).
p2: While the hypothesis is true, the conclusion is not (a Grade 11 student is not qualified to
be a lawyer). From the definition of the conditional (second row of its truth table), the
conditional statement is not true.
p3: The hypothesis is not true since Geebee is still in Grade 11. On the other hand, we
cannot determine the truth value of the conclusion “she believes in true love.” From the
last two rows of the truth table, regardless of the truth value of the conclusion, the
conditional statement is true.
Definition: The biconditional proposition is denoted by p ↔ q (p if and only if q). The

propositions p and q are the components of the biconditional.
✔ If p and q have the same truth value then p ↔ q is true.
p q p↔q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
Example:
1. Art will go if and only if Betsy will go.

2. Suppose that Geebee is a Grade 11 student. Let us now consider the following
biconditionals.
p1: Geebee is in Grade 11 if and only if she is a senior high school student.
p2: Geebee is in Grade 11 if and only if she is working as a lawyer.
p3: Geebee has a degree in Computer Science if and only if she believes in true love.
Solution.
p1: Again, both simple components of are true. Therefore, the biconditional statement is true.
p2: It is true that Geebee is in Grade 11, but it is not true that Geebee is working as a lawyer.
Therefore, the biconditional is not true, referring to the second row of its truth table.
p3: The first simple proposition, that Geebee has a degree in Computer Science, is false.
The truth value of the entire biconditional depends on the truth value of the second
simple component, that she believes in true love. If this is true, then the biconditional is
false (referring to the third row of the truth table); otherwise, the biconditional is true.
• Illustrate and symbolize propositions (M11GM-IIg-1)

• Distinguish between simple and compound propositions (M11GM-IIg-3)
• Perform the different types of operations on prepositions (M11GM-IIg-4)
Activity 1: Formulate the following symbolic expressions in words by letting
p : Today is Monday ; q: It is raining ; r : It is hot
1. p v q
2. p ^ r
3. ~q ^ ~ r
4. p → ~ q
5. p ↔ q
Activity 2: Identify what is asked.

I. State the negation of the following propositions.
a: Mary received a text message from her friend.
b: Eden teaches high-level mathematics to college students.
c: James was not able to fetch his sister from school today.
d: 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑧2 e: The student brings lunch everyday
II. Express the following in symbols. Let p, q and r be the propositions.
p: Annie has a stomach ache.

q: Annie misses the exam.
r: Annie receives a passing grade for the subject.
a) Annie does not have a stomach ache, yet she misses the exam.
b) If Annie has a stomach ache, then she misses the exam and does not
receive a passing grade for the subject.
c) Either Annie has a stomach ache and misses the exam, or she does not
miss the exam and she receives a passing grade for the subject.
Activity 3: Express the following propositions in symbols, where p, q, and r are

defined as follows.
p: Neil is a big eater
q: Len has a big voice
r: Jeric likes to travel.
s: Lenny likes violet.
a. Len has a big voice and Neil is not a big eater.

b. Jeric likes to travel or he does not.
c. It is not true that Neil is a big eater and Lenny does not like violet
d. If Neil is a big eater or Len has a big voice, then Lenny likes violet.
e. Either Neil is a big eater or Len has a big voice, and Lenny likes violet.
References
Albay, Eduard M., Ronaldo S. Batisan, and Aeli M. Caraan. General Mathematics. 1st ed.
Senior High School Series. Makati City: Diwa Learning Systems, 2016.
Commission on Higher Education. 2016. General Mathematics: Teaching Guide for Senior
High School. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education.
Department of Education. 2016. General Mathematics: Learner’s Material, 1st ed. Pasig
City: Department of Education
Link.quipper.com. Accessed September 06, 2020.

https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ff959d2b76d0002001b69/curriculum#curric
ulum
"Logic: Definitions and Propositions - Quiz." Quizizz. Accessed September 07, 2020.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5d7097f599c477001af2dd8a/logic-definitions-
andpropositions.
"Mathematics: Introduction to Propositional Logic: Set 1." GeeksforGeeks. February 13,
2018. Accessed September 07, 2020. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/proposition-logic/.
"Practice Exercises for Mathematical Logic." Practice Exercises for Mathematical Logic |
Math Goodies. Accessed September 08, 2020.
https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol9/practice_unit9.
Answer Key
Activity 1
I. 1. Mary did not receive a text message from her friend. II.
2. Eden does not teach high-level mathematics to college students. a. ~ p ^ q
3. James was able to fetch his sister from school today. b. p → (q ^ ~ r)
4. x2 + y2 ≠ z2 or It is not the case that x2 + y2 = z2 c. (p ^ q) v (~q ^ r)
5. The student does not bring lunch every day.
1. Today is Monday or it is raining. a. q ^ ~p
2. Today is Monday and it is hot. b. r v ~ r
3. It is not raining and it is not hot. c. ~p ^ ~ s
4. If today is Monday, then it is not raining. d. (p v q) → s
5. Today is Monday if and only if it is raining. e. (p v q) ^ s
Prepared by:
Jessa Christe Venasquez-Pineda

Teacher II
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Truth Value of a Compound Proposition, Conditional Propositions,
Tautologies, Fallacies and Syllogism
Name _________________________________ Week 8

Section ________________________________ Date ______________
Recall that a simple proposition is a statement with truth values, either that statement is
true or false.
Let p: A triangle is a polygon.

q : The sum of 3 and 5 is 2.
The proposition p: “A triangle is a polygon” has a True truth value and the proposition
q: “The sum of 3 and 5 is 2” has a False Truth value. What is the truth value of the compound
proposition “A triangle is a polygon and the sum of 3 and 5 is 2?”
Combining two or more simple propositions using logical connectives will result in the
formation of new proposition. To determine whether the truth value of the new proposition is
true or false, It is helpful to list all possible truth values using the truth table.
A truth table displays the relationship between all possible truth values of the simple
proposition and the compound proposition. Recall that in the previous lesson, there are five
truth tables that are result of five common connectives: negation, disjunction, conjunction,
conditional and bic0nditional.
The truth table is constructed to determine the validity and invalidity of the argument.
This presents all possible truth combination combinations of the component propositions within
the argument.
In constructing truth table, we should master the truth table of logical operators
because we are going to use them to determine all the possible truth values of more complex
compound propositions using truth tables.
Compound statements and their corresponding logical operators:
Logical Connectors Logical operators

not p ~p
p and q p˄q
p or q p˅q
if p then q p →𝑞
p if and only if q p ↔𝑞
Now we will discuss the construction of truth tables via example.
Example 1. Given statement. “I ate an egg or a sandwich. p ˅ q,” Determine which is

equivalent to the given statement by constructing a truth table showing all compound
propositions.
(a) If I did not an eat egg, then I ate a sandwich. ~ p →𝑞
(b) If I ate an egg, then I ate a sandwich. p →𝑞
(c) If I did not eat an egg, then I did not eat a sandwich. ~ p → ~ q
(d) If I ate an egg, then I did not a sandwich. p → ~ q.
Solution:
Let p and q be the following propositions.
p: I ate an egg
q: I ate a sandwich
As previously discussed, since there are two primitive propositions p and q involve,
the truth table should have four row which consist of all possible truth values combination p
and q.
p q
T T
T F
F T
F F
The given proposition is a disjunction of the propositions p and q as disjuncts. In the

next column, we encode the truth values of these disjuncts using the definition of disjunction.
p q p˅q
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
Now, we will construct the truth tables of another compound proposition.

(a) The conditional ~ p →𝑞 read as ‘not p implies q’. The proposition not p is the hypothesis,
while the preposition q is the conclusion. Its truth table shown below.
p q ~p ~ p →𝒒
T T F T
T F F T
F T T T
F F T F
(b) The conditional p →𝑞 read as ‘p implies q’. The proposition p is the hypothesis, while
the proposition q is the conclusion. Its truth table shown below.
p q p →𝒒
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
(c) The conditional ~ p → ~ q read as ‘not p implies not q’. The proposition not p is the
hypothesis, while the proposition not q is the conclusion. Its truth table shown below.
p q ~p ~q ~p→~q
T T F F T
T F F T T
F T T F F
F F T T T
(d). The conditional p → ~ q read as ‘p implies not q’. The proposition p is the hypothesis,
while the proposition not q is the conclusion. Its truth table shown below.
p q ~ p→~q
q
T T F F
T F T T
F T F T
F F T T
Based on the truth tables of the given compound propositions p ˅ q is equivalent to ~ p →𝑞.
p q ~p ~q p˅q ~ p →𝒒 p →𝒒 ~p→~q p→~q

T T F F T T T T F
T F F T T T F T T
F T T F T T T F T
F F T T F F T T T
Therefore, the statement “I ate an egg or a sandwich” is equivalent to the statement

“If I did not eat egg, then I ate a sandwich”.
Definition. Two propositions p and q are logically equivalent, denoted by p ⇔ q, if they have
the same truth values for all possible truth values of their simple components. Logical
equivalence can also be expressed in terms of a biconditional statement. Two propositions p
and q are logically equivalent if the proposition p ↔𝑞𝑞 is always true (or is a tautology).
Example : Show that (p →𝑞) ⇔ [ (~ p) ˅ q ] . We shall call this logical equivalence the
Switcheroo law.
Solution:
We need to show that p →𝑞𝑞 and (~ p) ˅ q have the same truth values using a truth table.
p q p →𝒒 ~p (~ p) ˅ q
T T T F T
T F F F F
F T T T T
F F T T T
Notice that the third and fifth columns of the truth table above contains the same truth values
in the same sequence. Thus (p →𝑞) ⇔ [ (~ p) ˅ q].
The table below shows the different logical equivalences that are used when manipulating
compound propositions.
Theorem (Table of Logical Equivalences). Let p, q, and r be propositions. We
have the following logical equivalences.
Identity Laws (p ˄ 𝜏) ⇔ p (p ˅ ∅) ⇔ p
Domination Law (p ˅ 𝜏) ⇔ 𝜏 (p ˄ ∅) ⇔ ∅
Idempotent Laws (p ˅ 𝑝) ⇔ 𝑝 (p ˄ 𝑝) ⇔ 𝑝
Inverse Laws [p ˅ (~ p)] ⇔ 𝜏 [p ˄ (~ p)] ⇔ ∅
Double Negation ~ (~ p) ⇔ 𝑝
Associative Laws p ˅( q ˅ r ) ⇔( p ˅ 𝑞) ˅ r p ˄ ( q ˄ r ) ⇔( p ˄ 𝑞) ˄ r
Commutative Laws p˅𝑞⇔q˅𝑝 p˄𝑞⇔q˄𝑝
Distributive Laws p ˅( q ˄ r ) ⇔( p ˅ 𝑞) ˄( p ˅ 𝑟) p ˄ ( q ˅ r ) ⇔( p ˄ 𝑞) ˅ ( p ˄ 𝑟)
De Morgan’s Laws ~ (p ˅ 𝑞) ⇔(~ p) ˄ (~ q) ~ (p ˄ 𝑞) ⇔(~ p) ˅ (~ q)
Absorption Laws p ˅ (p ˄ 𝑞) ⇔ 𝑝 p ˄ (p ˅ 𝑞) ⇔ 𝑝
The logical equivalence of the compound proposition p →q ⇔ (~p) q is called Switcheroo

law. In words, it expresses the equivalence between saying "if p is true, then q must be true" and
saying "either p is not true, or else q must be true."
Example 3: Show that ~ (p →𝑞) ⇔ [ p ˄ (~ q)] ] using logical equivalences.
Solution:
One way to do this is to construct a truth table for each logical expression then show that
they have the same truth values. Another method is to use the logical equivalences to
transform ~ (p →𝑞) into p ˄ (~ q)
Reason
⇔ ~ (p →𝑞) Given
⇔ ~ ((~ p) ˅ 𝑞) Switcheroo
⇔ ~ (~ p) ˄ (~ q) De Morgan’s Law
⇔ p ˄ (~ q) Double Negation
Example 4: Let p and q be propositions. Construct the truth tables for each of the following
conditionals: p →𝑞, q →𝑝, (~ p) → (~ 𝑞), (~ q) → (~ 𝑝).
Solution: We construct a single truth table containing each of the conditionals:
p q ~p ~q p →𝒒 q →𝒑 (~ p) → (~ q) (~ q) → (~ p)
T T F F T T T T
T F F T F T T F
F T T F T F F T
F F T T T T T T
Note that the fifth and eighth columns are the same, so we have shown that
(p →𝑞) ⇔ [(~ q) → (~ p)] . Likewise, since the sixth and seventh columns are identical, it
follows that (q →𝑝) ⇔ [(~ p) → (~ q)]. The conditionals that we considered in the previous
example are the different forms of conditional propositions.
Definition. Suppose these are propositions. From the conditional proposition p →𝑞, we
derive three other conditional statements, namely:
a. Converse: q →𝑝
b. Contrapositive: (~ q) → (~ p)
c. Inverse: (~ p) → (~ q)
Example 5: Let p : 4>3

q : The moon is round.
Conditional proposition p→ q: If 4 > 3 , then the moon is round.

(This conditional proposition p → q is true because p is true and q is true.)
Converse q →𝑝: If the moon is round, then 4 > 3 .

(This converse q → is true because q is true and p is true.)
Contrapositive ~ q) → (~ p): If the moon is not round, then 4 is not greater than 3.
(This Its contrapositive ~q → ~ p is true because ~q is false and ~ p is false.)
Inverse (~ p) → (~ q) : If 4 > 3 , then the moon is not round.

(Its inverse ~p → ~ q is true because ~p is false and ~ q is false.)
Note that a conditional and the corresponding contrapositive are logically equivalent.
Likewise, for a given conditional statement, its converse and inverse are logically equivalent.
We can also show that (p →𝑞) ⇔ [(~ q) → (~ p)] using logical equivalences in the following
manner
Reason
⇔ p →𝑞 Given
⇔ (~ p) ˅ 𝑞 Switcheroo
⇔ q ˅ (~ p) Commutative Law
⇔ ~ (~ q) ˅ (~ p) Double negation
⇔ (~ q) → (~ p) Switcheroo
Likewise, we can also show that that (q →𝑝) ⇔ [(~ p) → (~ q)]by means of logical
equivalences:
Reason
⇔ q →𝑝 Given
⇔ (~ q) ˅ 𝑝 Switcheroo
⇔ p ˅ (~ q) Commutative Law
⇔ ~ (~ p) ˅ (~ q) Double negation
⇔ (~ p) → (~ q) Switcheroo
Tautology and Fallacy
Tautology is a compound proposition whose truth values are all true.
Example 1: Show that (p → q) v (q → p) is a tautology.

Solution:
p q (p → q) (q → p) (p → q) v (q → p)
T T T T T
T F F T T
F T T F T
F F T T T
The last column contains T’s, therefore the compound proposition (p → q) v (q → p) is a

tautology.
Example 2: Show that p → (p ˅ q) is a tautology.

Solution
:p q p˅q p → (p ˅ q)
T T T T
T F T T
F T T T
F F F T
Regardless of the truth values of p and q, p → (p ˅ q) is always true, so it is a tautology

Argument
An argument is an assertion that a given set of statements called premise results in
another statement called conclusion. In a compound proposition of the form:
(p1 ∧ p2 ∧……pn) → q
The propositions p1, p2 ……pn are the premises of the argument and q is the
conclusion.
Arguments can be written in propositional form (p1 ∧ p2 ∧……pn) → q, or in column
or standard form
p1
p2_
∴ q
Example 3. Explain why is the given set of propositions an argument.

If the triangle has three sides, then it is a polygon.
A triangle has three sides.
Therefore, the triangle is a polygon.
Solution:
The set of propositions is an argument. The first two propositions are the premises of the
argument, while the last proposition, marked by the word “therefore” is the conclusion of the
argument.
An argument is valid if all the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. It is
impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false. An argument is valid if
the conditional proposition (p1 ∧ p2 ∧…pn) → q is a tautology.
Example 4. Prove that the argument [(p → q) ∧ p ] → q is valid. This argument is known
as Modus Ponens (or Rule of Detachment)
Solution:
p q (p → q) (p → q) ∧ p [(p → q) ∧ p ] → q
T T T T T
T F F F T
F T T F T
F F T F T
Since [( p → q ) ∧ p ] → q is a tautology, then the argument is valid.

Theorems (Rules of Inference). Let p, q, and r be propositions
Propositional Form Standard Form

Rule of 𝑝˄𝑞
Simplification ( p ∧ q) → p
∴𝑝
𝑝
Rule of Addition p→(p vq)
∴𝑝˅𝑞
𝑝
Rule of
( p ∧ q) → ( p ∧ q) 𝑞
Conjunction
∴𝑝˄𝑞
𝑝→ 𝑞
Modus Ponens [( p → q ) ∧ p ] → q ∴𝑞
𝑝
𝑝→ 𝑞
Modus Tollens [( p → q ) ∧ (∼q) ] → (∼p) ∴~𝑝
~𝑞
𝑝→ 𝑞
Law of Syllogism [( p → q ) ∧ ( q → r)] → ( p → r ) 𝑞
→ 𝑟 ∴ 𝑝→ 𝑟
𝑝˅𝑞
Rule of Disjunctive
[( p v q ) ∧ (∼p) ] → q ~𝑝
Syllogism
∴𝑞
Rule of (~𝑝)
[(∼p) → ∅ ] → p →∅∴𝑝
Contradiction
𝑝→ 𝑞
Rule of Proof by → 𝑟 ∴
[( p → r ) ∧ ( q → r)] →[ ( p v q ) → r] 𝑞
Cases (𝑝 ˅ 𝑞)→ 𝑟
Example 5. Determine which rule is the basis of each argument below.

Triangle and parallelogram are polygons.
Therefore, triangle is a parallelogram.
Solution:
Let p: “Triangle and parallelogram are polygons.” and q: ” triangle is a parallelogram.” The
given argument is of the form
p ∧ q
Fallacy is an incorrect argument which is a result of invalid reasoning. In a fallacy, it is

possible for the premises p1, p2 ……pn to be true while the conclusion is false.
Some of the common fallacies in logic.

Propositional Form Standard Form
Fallacy of the [( p → q) ∧ q] → p p→q
converse q
∴ p
Fallacy of the [(p →q) ∧ (∼ p)] → (∼q) p→q

inverse ∼p
∴ ∼q
Affirming the [( p v q) ∧ p] → (∼q) ( p v q)
Disjunct _p__
∴ ∼q
Fallacy of the ( p → q ) → (q → p) p→q
Consequent ∴ q→ p
Denying a Conjunct [∼ ( p ∧ q ) ∧ (∼p) ] → q ∼(p∧q)
∼p
∴ p
Improper ( p → q ) →[ (∼p) → (∼q)] p→q
Transposition ∴ (∼p) → (∼q)
Example 6. Show that the given set of propositions is a fallacy.

Either Jose buys a computer set or obtains 30,0000.00 pesos.
Jose obtains 30 0000.00 pesos.
Therefore, Jose did not buy a computer set
Solution:
Let p: “Either Jose buys a computer set or obtains 30,0000.00 pesos.” and q: ” Jose obtains
30,0000.00 pesos.” The given argument is of the form
( p v q)
_p__
∴ ∼q
This is a fallacy of Affirming the Disjunct.
Example 7. Prove that [( p → q) ∧ q] → p is a fallacy of the converse.
Solution:
We show that [( p → q) ∧ q] → p is a fallacy using truth tables.
p q p → q [( p → q) ∧ q] [( p → q) ∧ q] → p
T T T T T
T F F F T
F T T T F
F F T F T
Since the last column are not all T’s ,the argument is invalid and is a fallacy.
Categorical Syllogisms is a deductive argument consisting of three categorical
propositions (two premises and a conclusion); collectively, these three propositions feature
exactly three classes; each of the three classes occurs in exactly two of the propositions. It is
presented in standard form begins with the major premise, followed by the minor premise,
and finally the conclusion. The logical form of a categorical syllogism is determined by two
features of the argument: its mood and its figure. The mood of a syllogism is determined by
the types of categorical propositions contained in the argument, and the order in which they
occur. To determine the mood, put the argument into standard form, and then simply list the
types of categorical:
Universal affirmative A – All S is P, Every S is P.

Negative affirmative E - No S is P’
Particular affirmative I, - Some S is P.
Particular negative O. – Some S is not P.
The other aspect of logical form is the argument’s figure. There are four different
possibilities for standard form syllogisms. We will list them schematically, using these
conventions: let ‘S’ stand for the minor term, ‘P’ stands for the major term, and ‘M’ stands
for the middle term. Here are the four figures:
Fig1. MP Fig2. PM Fig3. MP Fig4. PM

SM SM MS MS
SP SP SP SP
The middle term (M) is in subject position and the major term (P) is in predicate
position. Notice that for all four figures, the subject and predicate of the conclusion remains
the same: this is because, by definition, the minor term (S) is the subject of the conclusion
and the major term (P) its predicate.
Example 8:
All politicians are sociable people. (major premise)
All councilors are politicians. (minor premise)
Therefore, all councilors are sociable. (conclusion)
The major term is “sociable people”, the minor term is “councilors” and the middle term is
politicians “.
Validity of Categorical Syllogisms

There are different ways to determine whether a categorical syllogism is valid or invalid.
a. Using established valid syllogistic forms.
b. Using Venn Diagram
Categorical Syllogism Syllogistic Forms Venn Diagram
All M are P.
All S are M. AAA-1.
Therefore, All S are P.
All P are M.
Some S are not M. Therefore, A00-2
Some S are not P.
Some M are not P.

All M are S. Therefore, OAO-3
Some S are not P.
All P are M.
No M are S. Therefore, AEE-4
No S are P.
All P are M.
No S are M. Therefore, AEE-2
No S are P.
No M are P.
All S are M. EAE -1
Therefore, No S are P
No P are M.
All S are M. Therefore, EAE-2
No S are P.
All M are P.
Some S are M. Therefore, AII-1
Some S are P.
All M are P.
Some M are S. AII-3
Therefore, Some S are P.
Some M are P.
All M are S. Therefore, IAI-3
Some S are P.
Some P are M.
All M are S. Therefore, IAI-4
Some S are P.
No M are P.
Some S are M. Therefore, EIO-1
Some S are not P.
No P are M.
Some S are M. Therefore, EIO-2
Some S are not P.
No M are P.
Some M are S. EIO-3
Therefore, Some S are not P.
No P are M.
Some M are S. Therefore, EIO-4
Some S are not P.
Example 9.
(major premise) All politicians are sociable people. A
(minor premise) All councilors are politicians. A
(conclusion) Therefore, all councilors are sociable. A
The major premise, minor premise and the conclusion are universal affirmatives (A) using
the word “all”. The middle term (M) is “politicians”, the major term (P) is “sociable “ and the
minor term (S) is “councilors”. The arrangement “All M are P. All S are M. Therefore, All S
are P.” is a syllogistic form of AAA-1.
The syllogism is valid.
Example 10
(major premise ) Some rocks are in the water. I
(minor premise ) Some corals are rocks. I
(conclusion) Therefore, some corals are in the water. I
The major premise, minor premise and the conclusion are particular affirmatives (A) using
the word “some”. The middle term (M) is “rocks”, the major term (P) is “in the water “ and
the minor term (S) is “corals”. The arrangement “ Some M are P. Some S are M. Therefore,
Some S are P.” is a syllogistic form of III-1.
The syllogism is valid.
Example 11. Use the Venn Diagram to determine the given syllogism is valid.
No philosophers are logical.
Some mathematicians are logical.
Some mathematicians are not logical.
( Mathematicians) ( logical)
( Philosophers )
The middle term (M) is philosophers, the major term (P) is logical and the minor(S) term
is mathematicians. Refer to the table of validity of categorical syllogism EIO-1, “No P are
M. Some S are M. Therefore, Some S are not P.” The syllogism is valid.
Learning Competency with Code

• Determine the truth values of prepositions. (M11GM-IIh-1)
• Illustrate different forms of conditional prepositions. (M11GM-IIh-2)
• Illustrate different types of tautologies and fallacies. (M11GM-IIi-1)
• Determine the validity of categorical syllogisms. (M11GM-IIi-2)
• Establish the validity and falsity of real-life arguments using logical propositions,
syllogisms, and fallacies. (M11GM-IIi-3)
Activity 1: Construct the truth tables for the following compound propositions.
Assume all variables denote prepositions.
1. (~ p) ˄ ( q ˄(~ r))
2. p ˄ [( q ˅(~ p) ) ˄ (~ q)]
3. (p →𝑞) ↔ ((~ q) → (~ p) )
Activity 2: Determine the converse, contrapositive and the inverse of the following
conditional propositions.
1. “If it is consumed in large volumes, then chocolate can be harmful to one’s health.”
2. “Whenever she will be given the chance to perform on stage, Whitney will sing all her
classic songs.”
Activity 3: Show that the following are logically equivalent.

1. p →𝑞 and ~ p ˅ q
2. (~ p) → (𝑞→ 𝑟) ⇔ 𝑞 → ( 𝑝 ˅ 𝑟 )
References
Albay Eduard, Batisan Ronaldo and Caraan Aleli: General Mathematics( Makati, Philippines:
DIWA Learning System Inc., 2016).
Crisologo, Leo Andre et all, General Mathematics 11 Teacher’s Guide .( Philippines: Lexicon
Press Inc., 2016).
Aoanan, Grace, Ma. Lourdes Plarizan, Beverly Regidor, and Lolly Jean Simbulas .General
Mathematics: For Senior High School ( Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc., 2016 )
Department of Education.General Mathematics Learner’s Material First Edition 2016.
Orines, Fernando B. Next Century Mathematics : General Mathematics ( Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House,Inc., 2016 )
“Philosophy”, Accessed on September 9, 2020.
https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Book%3A_Fundamental_Methods
of Logic_(Knachel)/3%3A_Deductive_Logic_I_-_Aristotelian_Logic/3.6%3A
_Categorical_Syllogisms
“Introduction to philosophy”, Accessed on September 9, 2020.
https://web.stanford.edu/~bobonich/terms.concepts/valid.sound.html
“Truth Tables”, Accessed on September 9, 2020.
http://sites.millersville.edu/bikenaga/mathproof/truth-tables/truth-tables.html
“Categorical Syllogism”, Accessed on September 9, 2020.
https://www.utm.edu/staff/jfieser/class/210/07-categorical-logic-rules.pdf
“Syllogism”, Accessed on September 9, 2020. https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/questions/
O3nEZcOY/are_the_following_syllogisms_valid_or_invalid_.html
“Philosophy Experiments” Accessed on September 10, 2020.
https://www.philosophyexperiments.com/validorinvalid/Default5.aspx
“Syllogism “ Accessed on September 9, 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/syllogism-
logicand-rhetoric-1692167#:~:text=Here%20is%20an%20example.
Answer Key
Activity 1
1.
2. 3.
Activity 2
1. Converse: If chocolate can be harmful to one’s health, then it is consumed in large volumes
Contrapositive: If chocolate can not be harmful to one’s health, then it is not consumed in large volumes
Inverse: If it is not consumed in large volumes, then chocolate can not be harmful to one’s health
2. Converse: If Whitney will sing all her classic songs, then she will be given the chance to perform on
stage
Contrapositive: If Whitney will sing all her classic songs, then she will be given the chance to perform on
stage.
Inverse: If Whitney will not be given the chance to perform on stage, then she will not sing all her
classic songs.
Activity 3:
1. 2.
Prepared by:
JOSE P. AGTARAP JR. VILMA B. PANELA

Teacher III Master Teacher 1

Genmath Q2 W1-8

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Genmath Q2 W1-8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Genmath Q2 W1-8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

11

DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY

Name _________________________________ Week 1

Let us analyze the above problem in order to decide which gives a

Investment 1: Simple Interest (Table 1)

Investment 2: Compound Interest (Annual) Table 2

Simple Interest Formula

where I = interest, P = Principal, r = rate of interest

and t = time or term in years or fraction of a year

• To find the maturity value, simply add interest to the principal.

Maturity Value or (Amount or Balance)

Let us now apply our formula to specific example:

a. Interest (I) b. Future Value

Given: P = 17 600 Solution: I = Prt

a. Solve for I. b. Solve for r.

Solve for I a. Solve for t

“Thirty days for September,

If the time is given in number of days, it shall be converted to a fraction of a year, by

a. Exact Interest b. Ordinary Interest

a. Exact Interest b. Ordinary Interest

Learning Competency with code:

• Illustrate simple and compound interests. (M11GM-lla-1)

King Emerald Cunanan

The example activity can be answered as shown in the following table:(Table 3)

First Year: 𝐹 = 40 000 (1 + 0.06)1 = 𝑃hp 42 400.00

Second half Php 20 400.00 1 20,4000 + 408 = 20 808.00

At the end of one year, the amount of deposit is Php 20 808.00

Thus, if the interest is compounded semi-annually for n years the amount F is

a. 12 % compounded monthly for 4 years.

Present Value P and Compound Interest

where: P = principal or present value

P = 𝑃hp 31 370.62 P = 𝑃hp 31 370.62

Finding the Rate and Time

Learning Competency with code:

Name _________________________________ Week 3

Future Value Present Value

where: R = regular payment

Future Value Present Value

Learning Competency with code

Name _________________________________ Week 4

Given: R = 2 500 n=6

Php 150 000.00 at the end of 3 years

Solve the equivalent rate, compounded quarterly, of 8% compounded semi-annually

𝑃 = Php 409 560.47

Given: R = 2,500 t=1

The present value of the annuity is

P* = Php 7 388.89 342

Below is the formula for the Present Value of a Deferred Annuity:

where: R = the regular payment,

Learning Competency with code

Activity 1: Find the period of deferral in the following problems.

Activity 2: Solve the following problems.

Correctness of the Answer is correct. (2 Answer is partially There is no answer, or

Name _________________________________ Week 5

Here is the comparison of Stocks and Bonds.

The following are terms that are connected to Stocks:

Stocks- share in the ownership of a company.

Therefore, the dividend per share is Php 42.86