Kinematics

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KINEMATICS

N
1 SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF MOTION
FREE-FALL
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
SPEED, VELOCITY &

S
IA
ACCELERATION

N
2 STATE WHAT IS MEANT BY SPEED AND VELOCITY
SPEED & VELOCITY

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
Aspect Speed Velocity

A
Rate of change of Rate of change of

D
Definition
distance displacement

H
U
Type of
Scalar Vector

S
Quantity

S
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

IA
Formula 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

N
3
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
SPEED, VELOCITY &

S
IA
ACCELERATION

N
4 CALCULATE AVERAGE SPEED USING DISTANCE
TRAVELLED/TIME TAKEN.
AVERAGE SPEED

Kinematics
 For most journeys, speed is not constant. Normally

H
we take the journey as a whole and calculate the

A
M
average speed.

M
Total distance travelled

A
Average speed 

D
Total time taken

H
U
S
S
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N
5
PROBLEM SOLVING

Kinematics
1. If a car is taken from the garage, driven for 100 km

H
before returning to the garage after 2 hours, what

A
is it average speed?

M
M
2. A spacecraft is orbiting the Earth at a steady

A
D
speed of 8 km/s. How long will it take to complete

H
a single orbit, a distance of 40,000 km?

U
S
3. A speed-camera takes 2 photos 0.6 s apart while

S
a car travels 12 m . What is its speed?

IA
N
6
 Kinematics
 Velocity is the distance travelled per unit time in a

H
specified direction.

A
M
 Since it is vector quantity therefore the direction of

M
travel is important.

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
7
PROBLEM SOLVING 1

Kinematics
 A boy run 5 km due west and then return back to

H
travel a further distance of 4 km before resting. The

A
whole journey takes 1 hour. Calculate

M
M
 his total distance travelled,

A
D
 his average speed,

H
 his displacement from the starting point,

U
S
 his average velocity.

S
IA
N
8
PROBLEM SOLVING 2

Kinematics
 A cyclist travels 6 km due east and then makes a turn

H
to travel a further distance of 8 km due north. The

A
M
whole journey takes 2 hours. Calculate

M
 the distance travelled by the cyclist,

A
D
 the average speed of the cyclist,

H
 the displacement of the cyclist,

U
S
 the average velocity of the cyclist.

S
IA
N
9
PROBLEM SOLVING 3

Kinematics
 A car starts from point O and moves to U, 50 m to

H
the north in 60 s. The car then moves to B, 120 m

A
to the west in 40 s. Finally, it stops. Calculate the:

M
M
 total distance moved by the car

A
D
 displacement of the car

H
 speed of the car when it is moves to the north

U
S
 velocity of the car

S
IA
 average speed of the car

N
10
 Kinematics
1. A car travels along the route PQRST in 30 minutes.

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
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What is the average speed of the car?

N
A. 10 km/hour
B. 20 km/hour
C. 30 km/hour
D. 60 km/hour 11
2. A man crosses a road 8.0 m wide at a speed of

Kinematics
2.0 m/s.

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
How long does the man take to cross the road?

S
4.0 s

S
A.

IA
B. 6.0 s

N
C. 10 s
D. 16 s
12
 Kinematics
3. A child is standing on the platform of a station,

H
watching the trains.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
4. A train travelling at 30 m/s takes 3 s to pass the

S
child.

S
IA
5. What is the length of the train?

N
A. 10 m
B. 30 m
C. 90 m
13
D. 270 m
4. A car takes 1 hour to travel 100 km along a
main road and then ½ hour to travel 20 km
along a side road.

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
What is the average speed of the car for the

S
IA
whole journey?

N
A. 60 km/h
B. 70 km/h
C. 80 km/h
14
D. 100 km/h
 Kinematics
5. A train travels along a track from Aytown to

H
Beetown. The map shows the route.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
15
 Kinematics
1. The distance travelled by the train between the

H
towns is 210 km. It moves at an average speed of

A
70 km/h.

M
M
2. How long does the journey take?

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
16
C
 Kinematics
6. The circuit of a motor racing track is 3 km in

H
length. In a race, a car goes 25 times round the

A
circuit in 30 minutes.

M
M
7. What is the average speed of the car?

A
D
A. 75 km/hour

H
B. 90 km/hour

U
S
C. 150 km/hour

S
750 km/hour

IA
D.

N
17
 Kinematics
7. A tunnel has a length of 50 km. A car takes 20 min

H
to travel between the two ends of the tunnel.

A
M
8. What is the average speed of the car?

M
A. 2.5 km/h

A
D
B. 16.6 km/h

H
C. 150 km/h

U
S
D. 1000 km/h

S
IA
N
18
 Kinematics
8. A car travels at various speeds during a short

H
journey.

A
M
9. The table shows the distances travelled and the

M
time taken during each of four stages P, Q, R and

A
D
S.

H
U
S
S
IA
N
19
 Kinematics
1. During which two stages is the car travelling at

H
the same speed?

A
M
A. P and Q

M
B. P and S

A
D
C. Q and R

H
D. R and S

U
S
S
IA
N
20
 Kinematics
9. A car driver takes a total of two hours to make a

H
A
journey of 75 km. She has a coffee break of half

M
an hour and spends a quarter of an hour

M
stationary in a traffic jam.

A
D
At what average speed must she travel during

H
U
the rest of the time if she wants to complete the

S
journey in the two hours?

S
IA
A. 38 km/h

N
B. 50 km/h
C. 60 km/h
D. 75 km/h 21
 Kinematics
10. A car travels 100 km. The highest speed of the car

H
is 90 km/h, and the lowest speed is 30 km/h. The

A
journey takes two hours.

M
M
11. What is the average speed for the journey?

A
D
A. 30 km/h

H
B. 50 km/h

U
S
C. 60 km/h

S
D. 90 km/h

IA
N
22
 Kinematics
11. A snail moves along a ruler. It takes 20 s to move

H
from Q to R.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
23
 Kinematics
1. What is its average speed from Q to R?

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
B

N
24
 Kinematics
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A
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SPEED, VELOCITY &

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ACCELERATION

N
25 STATE WHAT IS MEANT BY UNIFORM ACCELERATION
AND CALCULATE THE VALUE OF AN ACCELERATION
USING CHANGE IN
VELOCITY/TIME TAKEN.
ACCELERATION

Kinematics
 Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of

H
velocity.

A
M
Change in velocity
Acceleration 

M
A
Time taken

D
v u
a

H
U
t

S
S
 The SI unit for acceleration is m/s2.

IA
 Acceleration is a vector quantity. The direction of

N
acceleration is the direction of change in velocity.

26
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
SPEED, VELOCITY &

S
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ACCELERATION

N
27 RECALL THAT DECELERATION IS A NEGATIVE
ACCELERATION
 There is acceleration only when velocity
changes.

Kinematics
 If velocity is constant throughout, there is

H
no acceleration.

A
M
 If the velocity is increasing, the object is

M
A
said to be accelerating.

D
H
 If the velocity is decreasing, then the object

U
is said to have negative acceleration or

S
S
deceleration or retardation.

IA
N
28
PROBLEM SOLVING

Kinematics
1. A car accelerates from rest to 50 m/s in 10

H
s. Calculates the acceleration of the car.

A
M
A train, initially moving at 12 m/s, speeds

M
2.

A
up to 36 m/s in 120 s. What is its

D
acceleration?

H
U
What is the acceleration of a car that

S
3.

S
speeds up from 12 m/s to 30 m/s in 15

IA
N
seconds?

29
 Kinematics
4. A car is uniformly retarded and brought to
rest from a speed of 108 m/s in 15 s. Find its

H
A
acceleration.

M
M
5. The driver of a car brakes when the car is

A
travelling at 30 m/s. The velocity of the car is

D
H
reduced to 10 m/s after 5 s. What is its

U
S
average acceleration?

S
IA
6. A sport car accelerates from rest at 4 m/s2 for

N
10 seconds. Calculate the final velocity.

30
 Kinematics
7. How fast does a car travel if it is going 4 m/s
and accelerates at 3.5 m/s2 for 5 seconds?

H
A
8. If a car is going at 12 m/s, how long will it take

M
to reach a speed of 26 m/s if it accelerates at

M
2.2 m/s2?

A
D
9. A car moving along a straight level road has

H
an initial speed of 3 m/s and its acceleration is

U
2 m/s2. What is the speed of the car after 5 s?

S
S
10. If a car can accelerate at 3.2 m/s2, how long

IA
will it take to speed up from 15 m/s to 22 m/s?

N
31
 Kinematics
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A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
SPEED, VELOCITY &

S
IA
ACCELERATION

N
32 DISCUSS NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION.
UNIFORM ACCELERATION

Kinematics
 The acceleration is not changing or it is constant.

H
 Lets say a car is moving with an uniform acceleration of

A
10 m/s2 . It means its acceleration is not changing as

M
M
time is passing. Although the speed is changing, the

A
change in speed is also constant. That is each second

D
the speed will change by 10 m/s. In short uniform

H
acceleration means same acceleration throughout.

U
S
S
IA
N
33
NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION

Kinematics
 The acceleration is changing. It may increase or

H
decrease.

A
M
 Consider a car is accelerating with 10 m/s2, suddenly

M
during a turn he reduce the acceleration a bit to 8 m/s2

A
and again in a straight road he increased it to 15 m/s2.

D
So the car is not accelerating at a same speed. It is

H
increasing or decreasing depending on needs. In terms

U
S
of speed it is definitely changing as when acceleration

S
occurs then definitely speed changes. But the change is

IA
not constant. Lets say his speed increased by 10 m/s in

N
the first journey , then 8 m/s and then it changed by 15
m/s the next minute.
34
 Kinematics
1. What must change when a body is accelerating?

H
A. the force acting on the body

A
M
B. the mass of the body

M
C. the speed of the body

A
D
D. the velocity of the body

H
U
S
S
IA
N
35
 Kinematics
2. Which of the following defines acceleration?

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
36
A
 Kinematics
3. Which quantity X is calculated using this

H
equation?

A
M
M
A
D
A. acceleration

H
average velocity

U
B.

S
C. distance travelled

S
IA
D. speed

N
37
 Kinematics
4. A car is brought to rest in 5 s from a speed of 10

H
m/s.

A
M
5. What is the average deceleration of the car?

M
A. 0.5 m/s2

A
D
B. 2 m/s2

H
C. 15 m/s2

U
S
D. 50 m/s2

S
IA
N
38
 Kinematics
5. A student measures the speed of a trolley. At one

H
instant, the speed of the trolley is 1.0 m/s and two

A
seconds later the speed is 4.0 m/s.

M
M
6. What is the acceleration of the trolley?

A
D
A. 1.5 m/s2

H
B. 2.0 m/s2

U
S
C. 2.5 m/s2

S
D. 5.0 m/s2

IA
N
39
 Kinematics
5. A tennis player hits a ball over the net.

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
40
 Kinematics
1. In which position is the ball accelerating?

H
A. P and Q only

A
M
B. P and R only

M
C. Q and R only

A
D
D. P, Q and R

H
U
S
S
IA
N
41
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF MOTION

N
42 PLOT AND INTERPRET SPEED-TIME AND DISTANCE-
TIME GRAPHS.
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF MOTION

N
43 RECOGNISE FROM THE SHAPE OF A SPEED-TIME GRAPH WHEN A BODY
IS
(1) AT REST,
(2) MOVING WITH UNIFORM SPEED,
(3) MOVING WITH UNIFORM ACCELERATION,
(4) MOVING WITH NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION.
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
DISTANCE – TIME GRAPH
IA
N
44
 Kinematics
46
N
IA
S
S
U

time / s
H
D
A
M
M
A
H
distance / m
AT REST
UNIFORM VELOCITY

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
distance / m

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
time / s
constant,
Hence, velocity is uniform
48
ACCELERATION

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
distance / m

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
i is increasing
time / s
 Hence velocity is increasing.

50
DECELERATION

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
distance / m

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
time / s
velocity is decreasing.
51
Kinematics
N
IA
SPEED - TIME GRAPH
S
S
U
H
D
A
M
M
A
H

53
 Kinematics
55
N
IA
S
S
U
H

time / s
D
A
M
M
A
H
speed / m/s
AT REST
UNIFORM VELOCITY

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
speed / m/s

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
time / s

57
UNIFORM ACCELERATION

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
speed / m/s

D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
time / s

59
UNIFORM DECELERATION

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
speed / m/s

D
H
U
S
S
IA
time / s
N
60
NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
ncreasing acceleration
62
NON- UNIFORM DECELERATION

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
 Decreasing acceleration
63
INTERPRETING GRAPH

Kinematics
 From the displacement-time graph

H
 Its gradient gives the velocity of the moving object.

A
M
 From velocity-time graph

M
 Its gradient gives the acceleration of the moving object.

A
D
 the acceleration is slower because the slope is less steep

H
 the acceleration is negative because the slope is downwards.

U
 The area under the graph gives the distance travelled

S
S
by the object

IA
N
67
PROBLEM SOLVING 4

Kinematics
 A cyclist started from rest achieved a speed of 10

H
m/s1 in 5 s. He then cycled at this speed constantly

A
for the next 15 s. Finally he decelerate to complete

M
M
his 30 s journey.

A
Sketch a velocity-time graph for the whole journey?

D
1.

H
2. Calculate his deceleration in the last 10 seconds of the

U
journey.

S
S
3. Calculate the distance that he travelled during the

IA
journey.

N
74
velocity (m/s)

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
10

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
75
5 20 30
time (s)
EXAMPLE 5

Kinematics
 A locomotive pulling a train out from one station

H
travels along a straight horizontal track towards

A
another station. The following describe the velocity

M
M
of the train varies with time over the whole journey.

A
 It started from rest and gain a speed of 40 ms-1 in 2 s.

D
H
 It then travel with this speed constantly for 10 s.

U
 Finally it decelerates and reach the other station within

S
S
2 s.

IA
N
76
EXAMPLE 5

Kinematics
 Using the information given

H
1. Sketch a velocity-time graph for this journey.

A
M
2. Find

M
1. the acceleration of the train in the first 2 s.

A
the total distance travel between the two stations.

D
2.

the average velocity of the train.

H
3.

U
S
S
IA
N
77
velocity (m/s)

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
40

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
78
2 12 14
time (s)
 Kinematics
1. Which speed / time graph applies to an object at

H
rest?

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
D

79
2. Two distance/time graphs and two speed/time
graphs are shown.
3. Which graph represents an object that is at rest?

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
B 80
 Kinematics
3. Which speed-time graph shows an object moving
with non-uniform acceleration?

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
81
C
 Kinematics
4. The speed-time graph shown is for a bus

H
travelling between stops.

A
M
5. Where on the graph is the acceleration of the bus

M
the greatest?

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
82
B
 Kinematics
5. A skier is travelling downhill. The acceleration on

H
hard snow is 4 m/s2 and on soft snow is 2 m/s2.

A
M
6. Which graph shows the motion of the skier when

M
moving from hard snow to soft snow?

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
83
Kinematics
84
N
IA
S
S
U
H
D
A
M
M
A
H

C
 Kinematics
6. The graph shows the speed of a car as it

H
accelerates from rest.

A
M
7. During part of this time the acceleration is

M
uniform.

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
85
 Kinematics
1. What is the size of this uniform acceleration?

H
A. 5 m/s2

A
M
B. 6 m/s2

M
C. 10 m/s2

A
D
D. 20 m/s2

H
U
S
S
IA
N
86
 Kinematics
7. The diagram shows a speed-time graph for a

H
body moving with constant acceleration.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
87
 Kinematics
1. What is represented by the shaded area under

H
the graph?

A
M
A. acceleration

M
B. distance

A
D
C. speed

H
D. time

U
S
S
IA
N
88
 Kinematics
8. The graph illustrates the motion of an object.

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
89
 Kinematics
1. Which feature of the graph represents the

H
distance travelled by the object whilst moving at a

A
constant speed?

M
M
A. area S

A
area S + area T

D
B.

H
C. area T

U
the gradient at point X

S
D.

S
IA
N
90
 Kinematics
9. A cyclist is riding along a road when an animal

H
runs in front of him. The graph shows the cyclist’s

A
motion. He sees the animal at P, starts to brake at

M
M
Q and stops at R.

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
91
 Kinematics
1. What is used to find the distance travelled after he

H
applies the brakes?

A
M
A. the area under line PQ

M
B. the area under line QR

A
D
C. the gradient of line PQ

H
D. the gradient of line QR

U
S
S
IA
N
92
 Kinematics
10. The diagram shows the speed-time graph for an

H
object moving at constant speed.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
93
 Kinematics
1. What is the distance travelled by the object in the

H
first 3 s?

A
M
A. 1.5 m

M
B. 2.0 m

A
D
C. 3.0 m

H
D. 6.0 m

U
S
S
IA
N
94
 Kinematics
11. A car accelerates from traffic lights. The graph

H
shows how the car’s speed changes with time.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
95
 Kinematics
1. How far does the car travel before it reaches a

H
steady speed?

A
M
A. 10 m

M
B. 20 m

A
D
C. 100 m

H
D. 200 m

U
S
S
IA
N
96
 Kinematics
12. The graph represents the movement of a body

H
accelerating from rest.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
97
 Kinematics
1. After 5 seconds how far has the body moved?

H
A. 2m

A
M
B. 10 m

M
C. 25 m

A
D
D. 50 m

H
U
S
S
IA
N
98
 Kinematics
13. The graph shows the movement of a car over a

H
period of 50 s.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
99
 Kinematics
1. What was the distance travelled by the car during

H
the time when it was moving at a steady speed?

A
M
A. 10 m

M
B. 100 m

A
D
C. 200 m

H
D. 400 m

U
S
S
IA
N
100
 Kinematics
14. The graph shows the movement of a car over a

H
period of 50 s.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
101
 Kinematics
1. What was the distance travelled by the car while

H
its speed was increasing?

A
M
A. 10 m

M
B. 20 m

A
D
C. 100 m

H
D. 200 m

U
S
S
IA
N
102
 Kinematics
15. The graph represents part of the journey of a car.

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
103
 Kinematics
1. What distance does the car travel during this part

H
of the journey?

A
M
A. 150 m

M
B. 300 m

A
D
C. 600 m

H
D. 1200 m

U
S
S
IA
N
104
 Kinematics
16. The graph shows the speed of a runner during a

H
race.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
105
 Kinematics
1. What is the distance travelled by the runner during

H
the race?

A
M
A. 50 m

M
B. 65 m

A
D
C. 75 m

H
D. 90 m

U
S
S
IA
N
106
 Kinematics
17. The graph shows the speed of a car as it moves

H
from rest.

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
107
 Kinematics
1. What is the average speed of the car during the

H
first 3 s?

A
M
A. 4 m/s

M
B. 6 m/s

A
D
C. 18 m/s

H
D. 36 m/s

U
S
S
IA
N
108
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
FREE FALL

S
IA
N
109 STATE THAT THE ACCELERATION OF FREE-FALL
FOR A BODY NEAR TO THE EARTH IS CONSTANT
AND IS APPROXIMATELY 10 M/S2.
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
FREE FALL

S
IA
N
110 DESCRIBE QUALITATIVELY THE MOTION OF BODIES
WITH CONSTANT WEIGHT FALLING WITH AND
WITHOUT AIR RESISTANCE (INCLUDING REFERENCE
TO TERMINAL VELOCITY).
FALLING FREELY

Kinematics
 Any object that is being acted upon only by

H
the force of gravity is said to be in a state of

A
M
free fall.

M
A
 There are three important motion

D
characteristics that are true of free-falling

H
U
objects:

S
S
 Free-falling objects do not encounter air

IA
N
resistance.
 All free-falling objects (on Earth) accelerate
downwards at a rate of 10 m/s2.
111
 Not affected by mass and shape of the object.
 Kinematics
velocity (m/s)

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
time (s)
112
SKYDIVING

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
At the start of his jump the
air resistance is zero so he 113
accelerate downwards.
SKYDIVING

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
As his speed increases his
air resistance will also 114
increase
SKYDIVING

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
Eventually the air resistance will be
big enough to balance the skydiver’s 115
weight.
 How the forces change with time.
KEY
Gravity
(constant value &

H
always present…weight)

A
M
M
A
Air resistance

D
(friction)

H
U
S
S
Net force

IA
N
(acceleration OR changing
velocity)
 Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
 The size of the air resistance on an object depends

S
S
on the area of the object and its speed;

IA
 the larger the area, the larger the air resistance.

N
 the faster the speed, the larger the air resistance.

117
SKYDIVING

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
When he opens his

A
parachute the air

D
H
resistance suddenly

U
increases, causing

S
S
him to start slow

IA
down.

N
118
SKYDIVING

Kinematics
H
A
M
Because he is

M
A
slowing down his air

D
resistance will

H
U
decrease until it

S
balances his weight.

S
IA
The skydiver has now

N
reached a new, lower
terminal velocity.
119
 VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH FOR THE SKY
DIVER

Speed Parachute opens –

H
diver slows down

A
increases…

M
M
A
D
Terminal
Velocity

H
U
velocity Diver hits the

S
reached… ground

S
IA
N
New, lower terminal
Time
velocity reached
 Kinematics
1. A small steel ball is dropped from a low balcony.

H
Ignoring air resistance, which statement describes

A
2.

M
its motion?

M
A. It falls with constant acceleration.

A
D
B. It falls with constant speed.

H
C. It falls with decreasing acceleration.

U
S
D. It falls with decreasing speed.

S
IA
N
121
 Kinematics
2. Two stones of different weight fall at the same

H
time from a table. Air resistance may be ignored.

A
M
3. What will happen and why?

M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
A 122
 Kinematics
3. The three balls shown are dropped from a bench.

H
Which balls have the same acceleration?

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
A. aluminium and lead only

S
S
B. aluminium and wood only

IA
C. lead and wood only

N
D. aluminium, lead and wood

123
 Kinematics
4. A student drops a table-tennis ball in air.

H
What happens to the velocity and to the

A
1.

M
acceleration of the ball during the first few

M
seconds after release?

A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N C
124
5. Which graph shows the motion of a heavy, steel
ball falling from a height of 2 m?

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
A N
125
6. A stone falls freely from the top of a cliff into the
sea. Air resistance may be ignored.
Which graph shows how the acceleration of the

Kinematics
stone varies with time as it falls?

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
126
D
7. A small stone is dropped from the top of a ladder,
falls and hits the ground. It does not rebound.

Kinematics
8. Which speed-time graph is correct?

H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
127
C
 Kinematics
8. An object is falling under gravity with terminal

H
velocity.

A
M
What is happening to its speed?

M
A. It is decreasing to a lower value.

A
D
B. It is decreasing to zero.

H
C. It is increasing.

U
S
D. It is staying constant.

S
IA
N
128
9. The diagrams show a parachutist in four positions
after she jumps from a high balloon.
At which position does she have terminal velocity?

Kinematics
H
A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
C
N
129
 Kinematics
10. Which graph represents the motion of a body

H
falling vertically that reaches a terminal velocity?

A
M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
B

130
 Kinematics
11. The speed-time graph for a falling skydiver is

H
shown below. The skydiver alters his fall first by

A
spreading his arms and legs and then by using a

M
M
parachute.

A
D
12. Which part of the graph shows the diver falling

H
with terminal velocity?

U
S
S
IA
N D 131
 Kinematics
12. A free-fall parachutist falls at a constant speed. He

H
then opens his parachute and continues to fall to

A
Earth at a lower, constant speed.

M
M
13. Which diagram shows how the distance fallen by

A
D
the parachutist varies with time?

H
U
S
S
IA
N
132
Kinematics
133
N
IA
S
S
U
H
D
A
M
M
A
H

B
 Kinematics
13. Two men jump out of an aeroplane at the same

H
time. One of the men opens his parachute and the

A
other man remains in free-fall.

M
M
A
D
H
U
S
S
IA
N
134
 Kinematics
1. Why is the man in free-fall moving faster than the

H
parachutist?

A
M
A. The man in free-fall experiences greater air resistance.

M
B. The man in free-fall has a greater mass.

A
D
C. The parachutist experiences greater air resistance.

H
D. The parachutist has not reached terminal velocity.

U
S
S
IA
N
135