TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

UNIT 3 : TRIGONOMETRY
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRI

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relations between the sides
and angles of a triangle.
Nowadays, you also can find the trigonometric ratios of any angles by pressing
appropriate buttons on calculator. Until now we have defined the trigonometric function
only for acute angles. However, many application of trigonometry involves angles that
are not acute. Consequently it is necessary to extend the definition of the six
trigonometry function to general angles and you will learn in this topic. Furthermore in
this chapter, we will derive two new formulae, the sine rule and cosine rule to enable us
to solve oblique triangle quickly. We also can calculate the area of triangles of an oblique
triangles.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completing the unit, students should be able to:
1. Form the six trigonometric ratios of a given right-angled.
2. Find the values of :
• trigonometric functions
• inverse trigonometric functions
using calculator.
3. Solve right-angled triangles.
4. Sketch the graph of trigonometric functions.
5. Determine the positive and negative of trigonometric ratios for all
quadrants.
6. Identify the sign of trigonometric ratios for all quadrant.
7. Solve trigonometric equations.
8. Solve oblique triangle using
• Sine Rule
• Cosine Rule.
9. Calculate the area of a given oblique triangle.

81
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.2 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Hypotenuse c Hypotenuse c ∡B
a Opposite a Adjacent

∡A

b b
Adjacent Opposite

Figure 4.1

Hypotenuse : is the longest side of a right angle

triangles and always the side opposite the right
angle.
Opposite side : is opposite the reference angle.
Adjacent side : is next to reference angle.

Try this:
Name the sides of each these right triangles as opposite, adjacent or hypotenuse with
the reference to the state angles.

1. Reference to ∡ Q 2. Reference to ∡ A

e
a A
b
f
g
Q
c

3. Reference to ∡ R
m
R

p
d

82
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

c
a
A
b

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.2 shows a right angled triangle where the reference angle is A, the adjacent
side is b, the opposite side is a and the hypotenuse is c.

The six trigonometric functions are defined in Table 4.1.

Function Symbol Definition of function

Sine of angle A Sin A opposite side a
SinA = =
hypotenuse c
Cosine of angle A Cos A adjacent side b
CosA = =
hypotenuse c
Tangent of angle A Tan A opposite side a
TanA = =
adjacent side b
Cotangent of angle A 1 adjacent side b
Cot A = CotA = =
Tan A opposite side a
Secant of angle A 1 hypotenuse c
Sec A = SecA = =
Cos A adjacent side b
Cosecant of angle A 1 hypotenuse c
Csc A = CscA = =
Sin A opposite side a

Table 3.1

Formula in Table 3.1 is defined for any angles.

83
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.2.1 Trigonometric Functions

You can find the trigonometric ratios of any angles by pressing

appropriate buttons on your calculator.

Example 3.2.1 :
Evaluate the trigonometric functions:

a) side PR P
b) Sin P
c) Tan R
d) Cos R 4

e) Sec R
f) Csc P Q 3 R
g) Cot P

Solution :
a) side PR = 4 2 + 3 2 = 25 = 5

3
b) Sin P = = 0 .6
5

4
c) Tan R = = 1 .3
3

3
d) Cos R = = 0 .6
5

1 1
e) Sec R = = = 1.67
cos R 0.6

1 1
f) Csc P = = = 1.67
sin P 0.6

4
g) Cot P = = 1.33
3

84
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Example 3.2.2 :
Use the calculator to evaluate the trigonometric functions:
a) sin 120 b) cos 2430
c) cot 312.50 d) sec 1300

Solution :
a) sin 120 = 0.2079
b) cos 2430 = -0.4540
1
c) cot 312.50 = = − 0.9163
Tan 312.5 
1
d) sec 1300 = = − 1.557
Cos130

Example 3.2.3 :

Determine the value of angle in each of the following given functions.

a) Sin A = 0.7936 d) Sec A = 3.65306
b) Cos A = 0.31236 e) Cot A = 4.8673
c) Tan A = 4.9781 f) Csc A = 2.039

Solution :
a) Sin A = 0.7936
A = Sin-1 0.7956 = 52.520

b) Cos A = 0.3124
A = Cos-1 0.3124 = 71.800

c) Tan A = 4.9781
A = Tan-1 4.9781 = 78.040

d) Sec A = 3.6531
1
= 4.8673
Cos A
Cos A = 0.2737
A = 74.110

85
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

e) Cot A = 4.8673
1
= 4.8673
Tan A

1
= Tan A
4.8673
Tan A = 0.2063
A = Tan-1 0.2063
A = 11.660

f) Csc A = 2.039
1
= 2.039
Sin A
Sin A = 0.4904
A = 29.340

Example 3.2.4 :
Determine the unknown angles or sides of the right angled triangles.
a) Determine ∡ B

3.9 cm

B
4.9 cm

b) Determine:

p
i) ∡S
72.30
S
ii) Side p
q
iii) Side q 16.6 cm

86
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Solution :

a)
3 .9
Tan B = = 0.7959
4 .9
B = 38.510

b) i) ∡ S = 900 – 72.30

= 17.70

16.6
ii) cos 72.30 =
p
16.6 16.6
p= 0
=
cos 72.3 0.3040
= 54.6cm

q
iii) sin 72.30 =
54.6
q = 54.6 x sin 72.3
= 52.0cm

87
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

EXERCISE 3.2

1. Find the trigonometric ratio of the following angles

(a) sin 360 (b) cot 1240

(c) cos 530 (d) sec 2560
(e) tan 162.20 (f) csc 3130

2. Determine the value of angle for each of following given functions

(a) cos B = 0.37604 (b) sec x = 4.0657

(c) tan D = 0.6945 (d) csc y = 2.9394
(e) sin E = 0.8304 (f) cot θ = 0.1798

3. Find the value of:

(a) side AC
A
(b) Sin A
(c) Tan A
(d) Cos C 12
(e) Sec C
(f) Csc A B 5 C
(g) Cot A

4. Use calculator to evaluate the trigonometric ratio given in the Table 3.2.

θ Sin θ Cos θ Tan θ

77.20

313.70

202.30

Table 3.2

88
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

5. Solve the right angled triangle

(a)

B
6.8 cm

5.8 cm
Figure 3.3

Determine ∡ B from Figure 3.3.

(b)

m 5.3 cm

y
x
6.5 cm

Figure 3.4

Determine ∡ x, ∡ y, m from Figure 3.4.

(c)
p
r

180
9.5 cm

Figure 3.5

Determine side r, p and ∡ θ from Figure 3.5.

89
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.3 GRAPHING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

3.3.1 Graph y = a sin θ for 0  θ < 2π

θ 00
900 1800 2700 3600
(in degree)
θ 0 1   3  2π
(in radian) 2 2
Sin 0 a 0 -a 0

The graph y = sin θ is shown in Figure 3.6

θ
0 1   3  2π
2 2

-a

Figure 3.6

The shape of the graph of y = sin x from x = 0 0 to x = 3600 is repeated for each
complete cycle. Hence the function y = sin x is periodic with the period of 3600.
The maximum and minimum values of the function y = sin x are 1 and -1 respectively.
This value is also called as amplitude.

90
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.3.2 Graph y = a cos θ for 0  θ < 2π

θ 00 900 1800 2700 3600

(in degree)

θ 0 1   3  2π
(in radian) 2 2

Cos a 0 -a 0 a

The graph of y = cos θ is shown in Figure 3.7

ay

θ
0 1   3  2Π
2 2

-a

Figure 3.7

The shape of the graph of y = cos x from x = 0 0 to x = 3600 is repeated for each
complete cycle. Hence the function y = cos x is periodic with a period of 360O.
The maximum and minimum value of the function y = cos x are 1 & -1 respectively.

91
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.3.3 Graph y = a tan θ for 0  θ < 2π

θ 00 900 1800 2700 3600

(in degree)

θ 0 1   3  2π
(in radian) 2 2

Tan 0 ∞ 0 ∞ 0

The graph of y = tan x is shown in Figure 3.8.

θ
0 1   3  2
2 2

Figure 3.8

The shape of the graph of y = tan x from x = 00 to x = 1800 is repeated for each
complete cycle. Hence, the function y = tan x is periodic with a period of 1800.
The function y = tan x does not have any maximum or minimum values.

Example 3.3.1 :

Sketch the graph of the trigonometric equation given

a) y = 3 sin 2θ 0  θ  2π
b) y = 2 cos 2θ 0  θ π
c) y = sin 2θ 0  θ  360°

92
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Solution:

a) y


θ
π 3 2π

2 2
-3

b)
y

θ
π

-2

c) 1

θ
180° 360°

-1

93
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Example 4.2.2 :
Sketch the graph of the trigonometric equation given
a) y = sin 2x 0 °  x  360°
b) y = cos 2x 0 °  x  180°

Solution:

a) y

180 360 x

-1

b)
y

x
180

-1

94
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

EXERCISE 3.3

1. Sketch each of the following trigonometric functions in 0 °  x  360°

(a) y = 2 sin x
1
(b) y= cos x
2
(c) y = 3 tan x

2. Sketch each of the following trigonometric functions in 0 °  x  2 π

(a) y = 2 sin 4x
(b) y = 2 cos 3x
(c) y = 2 sin 3x

3.4 TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

3.4.1 THE QUADRANT

The Cartesian plane can be divided into 4 quadrants as shown in Figure 3.9.

Quadrants II Quadrants I

Quadrants III Quadrants IV

Figure 3.9

a. Angles in quadrant
y
In the first quadrant, the angles,  is in 0o ≤  ≤ 90o
commonly called acute angle. This angle is also known is
reference angle,  x
=α

95
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

In the second quadrant, the angles,  is in 90o ≤  ≤

180o commonly called obtuse angle. y

 = 180o – α 
α
x

y
In the third quadrant, the angle,  is in 180o ≤  ≤ 270o
commonly called reflex angle. 

 = 180o + α α x

In the fourth quadrant, the angle,  is in 270o ≤  ≤ 360o y

commonly called reflex angle.
x
 = 360o – α α


b. Trigonometric ratio for all quadrants

The sign of the trigonometric ratios can be determine in Figure 3.10 until 3.13.

QUADRANT I

y r
● sin θ =  cosec θ =
r y
r x r
y cos θ =  sec θ =
r x
 y x
tan θ =  cot θ =
x x y
Figure 3.10

QUADRANT II

y r
sin θ =  cosec θ =
● r y
x r
y r cos θ = −  sec θ = −
r x
 y x
tan θ = −  cot θ = −
x y
–x
Figure 3.11
QUADRANT III

96
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

–x y r
sin θ = −  cosec θ = −
 r y
–y x r
r cos θ = −  sec θ = −
r x
● y x
tan θ =  cot θ =
x y
Figure 3.12

QUADRANT IV

y r
x sin θ = −  cosec θ = −
 r y
–y x r
r cos θ =  sec θ =
r x
● y x
tan θ = −  cot θ = −
x y
Figure 3.13

The four diagram above can be combined as below :

SECOND QUADRANT FIRST QUADRANT

in Positive ll Positive

  x
 

an Positive os Positive
THIRD QUADRANT FOURTH QUADRANT

97
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

ACTIVITY 3.4.1

Fill-up the Table 4.3 with the sign ( +/– ) of trigonometric.

 Sin  Cos  Tan 

45o +
210o –
300o

Table 3.3

You can find the trigonometric ratios of any angles by pressing appropriate
buttons on your calculator.

Example 3.4.1 :
Use the calculator to evaluate the following:
a) sin 135 b) cos 250 c) cot 45o
Solution :
a) sin 135 = 0.7071
b) cos 250 = – 0.3420
c) cot 45o = 1

ACTIVITY 3.4.2
Use calculator to evaluate the trigonometric ratio given in the Table 4.4.

 Sin  Cos  Tan 

45o 0.7071
210o
300o – 0.8660

Table 4.4

98
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

The value of trigonometric function for particular angles (special angles):

30, 45 60

30 30 45

2 2 2
1
3
60 60 45
1 1 1
Figure 3.14

The values of the functions sin θ, cos θ and tan θ for the particular angles 30, 45 and
60 are easily obtained without calculator by using the definition of the functions of an
angle in Figure 4.14 and some theorems from plane geometry.

Angle, θ sin θ cos θ tan θ

1 3 1
30
2 2 3
1 1
45 1
2 2
3 1
60 3
2 2

99
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.4.2 SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Trigonometric equation is an equation that involved one or more terms of

trigonometric function. Equation given is a process for getting value that
satisfying the equation.

Example :
i. sin θ = 1
ii. cos ( θ – 200 ) = 0.7763
iii. sin 2x = 0.2507
iv. sin ( 2x + 40o ) = 0.2

The steps to solve single trigonometric equations are as follows:

1. Determine the quadrants of the angle and should be in based on the
given trigonometric equation.
2. Find the basic or acute angle using a scientific calculator,  for angle θ.
3. Determine the range of values of the required angles, for example the
range of values of angles 2θ @ 3θ.
4. Determine the values of angles in those quadrants (where is located).

Example 3.8 :
Find the solutions in 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360 of the following equations:
a) tan θ = 0.5
b) cos θ = -0.6428
c) tan 2θ = 1.732
θ
d) sin = 0.7071
2
e) cos (θ - 25) = 0.9848

100
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Solution :
a) tan θ = 0.5
basic angle,  = 26.57
tan θ is positive, so θ are in first and third quadrant 26.57
θ = 26.57, 180 + 26.57 26.57
= 26.57, 206.57

b) cos θ = -0.6428
50
basic angle,  = 50
50
cos θ is negative, so θ are in second and third quadrant
θ = 180 - 50, 180 + 50
θ = 130, 230

c) tan 2θ = 1.732
basic angle,  = 60 60
60
tan 2θ is positive, so 2θ are in first and third quadrant
Given 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360, so 0 ≤ 2θ ≤ 720,
2θ = 60, 180 + 60, 360 + 60, 360 + (180 + 60)
= 60, 240,420,600
θ = 30, 120, 210, 300

θ
d) sin = 0.7071
2
basic angle,  = 45 45 45
θ θ
sin is positive, so are in first and second quadrant
2 2
θ
= 45, 180 - 45
2
= 45, 135
θ = 90, 270

101
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

e) cos (θ - 25) = 0.9848

10
basic angle,  = 10
10
cos (θ - 25) is positive, so (θ - 25) are in first and fourth quadrant
(θ - 25) = 10, 360 - 10
= 10, 350
θ = 10 + 25, 350 + 25
= 35

EXERCISE 3.4

1. Find the solutions in 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360 of the following equations.

(a) cos θ = -0.7760 (b) cosec θ = -2
θ
(c) tan 2 θ = 3 (d) sin = 0.6428
2
(e) 5 sin θ = tan θ (f) sec θ cot θ = 5

2. Solve each of the following trigonometric equations for 0  x  3600

(a) sin x = 0.4233 (d) cos x = 0.3412
(b) tan x = 1.8849 (e) sec x = -2345
(c) cos x = -0.7324 (f) tan x = -2.2755

3. Find the angles between 0° and 360° that satisfy each of the following
trigonometric equations
(a) sin 2θ = 0.5327 (d) cos 3θ = -0.5473

(b) tan 2θ = -2.4325 (e) sin = 0.4453
2
1 1
(c) cos  = 0.4775 (f) tan  = -2.7458
3 2

4. Solve each of the following trigonometric equations for 0 O  θ  3600

(a) 2 sin θ = 0.7443 (d) sin 2θ = -0.7569
(b) 3 tan θ = 3.4533
(c) 2 tan 3θ = -0.4357

102
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.5 SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE

An oblique triangle is a triangle that does not contain a right angle (90 o).

Example :

Figure 3.15 Figure 3.16

The solution of a triangle is defined as a process of finding the length of its three
sides and the values of its three interior angles. For a triangle, the sum of its interior
angles is 1800. Figure 4.17 shows an arbitrary triangle.

c a

A C
b
Figure 3.17

The angles at the vertices A, B and C will be denoted by A, B and C.

The sides will be denoted by a, b and c.

In this chapter, we will derive two new formulae, the sine rule and cosine rule to
enable us to solve oblique triangle quickly.

103
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.5.1 SINE RULE

The sine rule is defined as:

In any triangle the sides are proportional to the sine of other opposite angles.

b a

A c B

Figure 3.18

In reference to the triangle in Figure 3.18 :

Sine Rule

a b c
= =
sin A sinB sin C

Sine Rule can be used when the following values are given
a. two angles and any one side.
b. two sides and 1 non-included angle (angle opposite one of two
sides given).

104
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Example 3.5.1 :

Figure 3.19 shows the triangle ABC. Given that ∡ ABC = 680, ∡ ACB = 330, AC =

7.9 cm. Determine the length of AB.

7.9 cm

680 330
B C

Figure 3.19
Solution:
c b
Sine Rule : =
sin C sin B
c 7.9
0
=
sin 33 sin 68 0

Since c = AB, then

7.9 x sin 33
AB =
sin 68 0
7.9 x0.5446
=
0.9272
= 4.64 cm

Example 3.5.2 :

Figure 3.20 shows the triangle PQR. Given that ∡ PRQ = 1180, ∡ PQR = 210,

PQ = 9.7 cm. Find the length of PR.

9.7 cm
1180
Q
R
Figure 3.20

105
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Solution:
q r
Sine Rule : =
sinQ sinR
q 9.7
0
=
sin 21 sin 118 0

Since q = PR, then

9.7 x sin 210

PR =
sin118 0

9.7x0.3584
= = 3.93cm
0.8829

Example 3.5.3 :
Figure 3.21 shows the triangle JKL. Given that ∡K = 127.50. ∡J = 250,

JL = 26 cm. Find
a) ∡L

b) The length of JK
K

l 127.50 j

250
J L
26 cm

Figure 3.21

Solution:

a) ∡L = 1800 - (250 + 127.50)

= 1800 - 152.50
= 27.50

l k 26  sin 27.5o
b) Sine Rule : = JK =
sin L sin K sin127.5o

JK 26
= JK = 15.13cm
sin27.5 sin127.50

106
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Example 3.5.4 :
Figure 4.22 shows a triangle RST. Given that ∡R = 61.50, RS = 5.8 cm and

ST = 7.1 cm. Find

R
a) ∡T

b) The length of RT 61.50

5.8 cm

S T
7.1 cm
Figure 4.22

Solution:
t r
a) Sine Rule : =
sin T sin R
sin T sin 61.5
=
5 .8 7 .1
sin 61.5 0 x5.8
sin T =
7 .1
0.8788 x5.8
=
7 .1
Sin T = 0.7179
∡T = 45.880

b) ∡S = 1800 -(45.880 + 61.50)

= 72.620
Sine rule :
RT 7.1
 0
=
sin 72.6 sin 61.5 0
sin 72.6 0 x7.1
RT =
sin 61.5 0
0.9542x7.1
=
0.8788
= 7.709 cm

107
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.5.2 COSINE RULE

Cosines rule is defined as:
In any triangle, the square of any side is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides minus twice the product of these two sides
multiplied by the cosine of the included angle.
C

b a

B
A
c
Figure 3.23

In reference to the triangle shown in Figure 3.23:

COSINE RULE

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A b2 + c 2 − a2
cos A =
2bc
b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac cos B or a + c 2 − b2
2
cos B =
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cos C 2ac
a + b2 − c 2
2
cos C =
2ab
Cosine Rule can be used when the following values are given:
a. two sides and one included angle is given
b. three sides are given

Example 3.5.5 :
20.5 cm
Figure 3.24 shows the triangle ABC. A B
680
Given that ∡B = 680, AB = 20.5 cm,

BC = 12.2 cm. Find the length of AC. 12.2 cm

Figure 3.24

108
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Solution:
b2 = (20.5)2 + (12.2)2 - 2(20.5)(12.2)cos 680
= 408.04 + 148.84 + 187.38
= 369.5
AC = 19.22 cm

Example 3.5.6 :
Figure 3.25 shows the triangle PQR. Given that ∡R = 111.40, PR = 20 cm, RQ =

25 cm. Find
a) Length PQ
b) ∡Q
P

20 cm
111.40
Q
R 25 cm
Figure 3.25

Solution:
a) r2 = 202 + 252 – 2(20)(25) cos 111.40
= 400 + 625 + 364.87
= 1389.87
PQ = 37.28 cm

sinQ sin 111.4o

b) =
20 37.92
sin 111.4o x 20
sinQ =
37.9
= 0.4913
∡Q = 29.430

109
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Example 3.5.7 :
Figure 3.26 show the triangle ABC. Given that AB = 6.4 cm, BC = 4.7 cm and AC = 7.8
cm. Find
a) ∡A

b) ∡C B

6.4 cm 4.7 cm

A C
7.8 cm
Figure 3.26

Solution:
(6.4)2 + (7.8)2 − ( 4.7)2
a) cos A =
2(6.4)(7.8)
40.96 + 60.84 − 22.09
=
99.84
79.71
=
99.84
= 0.7984
∡A = 37.020

sin C sin37.020
b) =
6.4 4.7

6.4 sin 37.02 0

sin ∡C =
4 .7
sin ∡C = 0.8199

∡C = 55.070

110
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

3.5.3 AREA OF TRIANGLE

The area of a triangle in the Figure 3.27 is given by:

c a

A C
b
Figure 3.27

1
A = a x b x sin C
2
1
= b x c x sin A
2
1
= a x c x sin B
2

Example 3.5.8 :
In Figure 3.28 shows Δ PQR. Such that PQ = 13 cm, QR = 10 cm and

∡Q = 57.80. Find the area of the triangle Δ PQR.

Q

13 cm 57.80 10 cm

P R
Figure 3.28

Solution:

The area of the triangle PQR

1
= x 13 x 10 sin 57.80
2
= 55.00 cm2

111
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

Example 3.5.9 :
In figure 3.29 shows Δ ABC such that AC = 14 cm, BC = 11 cm

∡C = 1250. Find

a) AB
b) ∡B

c) The area of the triangle ABC

14 cm
1250
B
C 11 cm

Figure 3.29

Solution:
a) AB2 = (14)2 + 112 – 2(14)11. cos 1250
= 196 + 121 + 176.7
AB2 = 493.7
AB = 22.22 cm

sin B sin1250
b) =
14 22.22

14 x sin125 0
sin ∡B =
22.22
= 0.5161
∡B = 31.10

c) Area of the triangle ABC

1
= x 14 x 11 x sin 1250
2
= 63.1 cm2

112
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

EXERCISE 3.5

1. Solve these oblique triangles of ABC given in Table 4.5 :

ANGLE ( o ) SIDES ( cm )

No. A B C a b c

i 126 27 119

ii 43 15 21

iii 15 72 375

iv 125 32 58

V 46.3 228 304

Table 4.5
2. Figure 3.30 shows the triangle ABC. Given that ∡AB = 810, ∡B = 850,

BC = 51.3 cm. Find AC

A C
810
51.3 cm
850

B
Figure 3.30

3. Figure 3.31 shows the triangle PQR. Given that ∡Q = 1240, QR = 16cm,

PR = 20cm. Find
(a) ∡P

(b) Length PQ
P

20 cm
Figure 3.31
1240
R
Q
16 cm

113
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

4. Figure 3.32 shows the triangle MNP. Given that ∡P= 240, PN = 36 cm,

MN = 19.9 cm. Find:

(a) ∡N M
(b) ∡M
19.9 cm
(c) Length MP

240
N P
36 cm

Figure 3.32

4 Solve these oblique triangles of ABC given in the Table 3.6 :

ANGLE ( 0 ) SIDES ( cm )

No. A B C a b c

i 129 186 179

ii 11.3 15.6 12.8

iii 27.3 128 152

iv 51.4 1.95 1.46

V 35.2 77.3 81.4

Table 3.6

6. Figure 3.33 shows the triangle ABC. Given that ∡A = 700, AB = 25 cm,

AC = 17.2 cm. Find:

A 25 cm B
(a) BC
(b) ∡B 700

17.2 cm Figure 3.33

114
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

7. Figure 3.34 shows the triangle PQR. Given that ∡Q = 1070, PQ = 37 cm,

QR = 43 cm. Find:
(a) PR
(b) ∡P

(c) The area of the triangle PQR

Figure 3.34
37 cm
107°

Q 43 cm R

8. Figure 3.35 shows the triangle JKL. Given that JK = 14 cm, KL = 6.9 cm,
JL = 9.7 cm. Find: 14 cm
J K
(a) ∡L

(b) ∡K 9.7 cm 6.9 cm

(c) The area of the triangle JKL Figure 3.35

L

TIPS

When to use sine rule or cosine rule. *(A – Angles, S – Side)

Tips 1: Use sine rule

SSA

AAS
ASA

Tips 2: Use cosine rule

115
TRIGONOMETRY DUM 10122

SAS SSS

DICTIONARY
oblique triangle - segitiga yang tidak mempunyai sudut 90 0 tak sama
sides - sisi
angle - sudut
altitude - garis mencancang
Substituting - menggantikan
Expression - ungkapan
Sketch - lakaran
Acute angle - sudut tirus
Obtuse angle - sudut cakah
Reflex angle - sudut reflex

REFERENCES

1. Ong Beng Sim (2007). Mathematics For Matriculation Semester 1 & 2.

Malaysia: Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd.
2. Sim, O.B (2004). Mathematics for STPM Pure Mathematics Shah Alam:
Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.
3. Calter, P. (2000). Technical Mathematics with Calculus (Fourth Edition). USA:
Prentice Hall.
4. Chai Mun (2009). Longman Essential Mathematics SPM. Malaysia: Pearson
Sdn. Bhd.
5. Chai Mun (2009). Longman Essential Additional Mathematics SPM. Malaysia:
Pearson Sdn. Bhd.

116