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Tensile Structures

The document discusses different types of tensile structures classified based on distribution of load and shape. There are three main types based on load distribution: linear tensile structures, three-dimensional tensile structures, and surface-stressed tensile structures. Based on shape, the main types are conical tension structures, hypar structures, parallel arch structures, and cable net structures. Common materials used include fabrics, membranes, and cables that are designed to be under tension to span large distances with unique shapes.

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Desai Siddhi
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348 views38 pages

Tensile Structures

The document discusses different types of tensile structures classified based on distribution of load and shape. There are three main types based on load distribution: linear tensile structures, three-dimensional tensile structures, and surface-stressed tensile structures. Based on shape, the main types are conical tension structures, hypar structures, parallel arch structures, and cable net structures. Common materials used include fabrics, membranes, and cables that are designed to be under tension to span large distances with unique shapes.

Uploaded by

Desai Siddhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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On this basis, the tensile structure are divided into following types.

BASED ON DISTRIBUTION OF LOAD:

1.Linear Tensile Structures. ...

2.Three-dimensional Tensile Structures. ...

3.Surface-Stressed Tensile Structures. ...

BASED ON SHAPES:

4.Conical Tension Structure. ...

5.Hypar or Anticlastic Structure. ...

6.Parallel Arch or Barrel Vault Structure. ...

7.Cable Net & Membrane Structure


BASED ON DISTRIBUTION OF LOAD:
1. Linear Tensile Structures:
n these types of structures in which a membrane is held by cables, allowing the distribution of the tensile stresses through its
own form. Linear tensile structures are the structure in which all the members are in linear tensile forces. These linear
members are supported by the compression members, but the major loads are carried out by tensile members. Different types
of linear tensile structures are-

• Suspension bridges
• Draped cables
• Cable-stayed beams or trusses
• Cable trusses
• Straight tensioned cables

2. Three-dimensional Tensile Structures


Three-dimensional tensile structures are a compilation of elements that are primarily in tension, with the compression being
transferred to a central mast and down into the ground manipulating the framework with geometric shapes, tensioning
membranes with sweeping arches, and creating pitches to otherwise simple lines, facades can transform ordinary buildings
into iconic structures with stunning designs. Different types of three-dimensional tensile structures are-

• Bicycle wheel;
• 3D cable trusses
• Tensegrity structure
3. Surface-Stressed Tensile Structures
Surface-stressed tensile structures are same as other 2 tensile structure, but the surface members are tension bearing
members. Fabric tensile structures are the great examples of Surface-stressed tensile structures, where the vertical pillars hold
the special deisgned fabric which is in tension

Surface-Stressed tensile structures are further classified into following types,


• Fabric structure
• Prestressed membranes
• Pneumatically stressed membranes
• Gridshell
BASED ON SHAPES:
The four basic shapes used in the tensile structures are,
1. Conical Tension Structure
Highly effective for covering large areas, a conical tension structure is easily identified by its tent-like shape. Conical designs can
feature either single or multiple masts. For both design options, membranes are tensioned between a ring at the pinnacle and
the lower perimeter support columns. Cones are especially effective in areas that need to comply with high rain or snow load
regulations.

2. Hypar or Anticlastic Structure


As one of the most common of all tensioned membrane structures due to its aesthetically pleasing look, hypar (hyperbolic
paraboloid) shapes are notable for their excellence with shape retention and water runoff. These structures rely on two
opposing curvatures, also known as anticlastic, for their stability. This type of structure is ideal for shade over seating areas or
high traffic walkways
3. Parallel Arch or Barrel Vault Structure
These symmetrical curved parallel arch designs form an incredibly functional tensioned membrane canopy that can span long
distances such as a sports arena or smaller areas such as an entryway. Depending on the spans, a barrel vault system can be
a very cost-effective way to incorporate tensile membrane on a project due to the repetitive nature of the design and
efficiencies of materials

4. Cable Net & Membrane Structure


For long-span tensile membrane roofing applications typically found in stadiums or large spaces, 3D cable net or cable grid
structures are an efficient solution for lightweight tensile architecture
d

d
a) STAYED STRUCTURE:
The suspension bridge shown below, is the type of bridge found all over the world. The major parts are under pressure from
compressive and tensile forces. The pylons are in compression, due to the enormous weight of the cables and deck. The main
cables are in tension, due to the ‘stretching’ forces applied to them. They stretch from bank to bank and hold the pylons in
position, stopping them moving/swaying too much. Also, the main cables secure the suspension cables and deck, an immense
weight. The suspension cables are in tension, as they are being stretched by the weight of the deck. The deck of the suspension
bridge is under the same forces as that of the cable stay bridge
b) SUSPENDED STRUCTURE:
CABLES High tensile strength of steel, combined with the efficiency of simple tension Makes a steel cable the ideal structural
element to span large distances. Advantages Create dramatic structures Enclose large volume column free space Innovative
structures Reduces the depth of roof members Creates thin structures Reduces the cost of project Cables are flexible so no
uneven stresses Tensile load is evenly divided among the cable’s strands Cable stayed roof structure
c) ANTICLASTIC STRUCTURE
Anticlastic surfaces are those in which the centres of curvature are located on opposing sides of the surface.
This is commonly-described as a saddle shape. A hyperbolic paraboloid is an anticlastic surface. Synclastic surfaces are those in
which the centres or curvature are on the same side of the surface
d) PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES
e) TRUSS SUPPORTED MEMBRANCE STRUCTURES:

The fabric is supported on truss structure


Made of coated PES(Polyvinylchlorid coated polyester fabrics), ETFE (Ethylene
tetrafluoroethylene), PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) , or PTFE coated fiberglass, the tensile
membranes can span large distances and take on a variety of shapes. Most often used for
roofs and canopies, tensile structures are capable of creating unique private and public
spaces
1.Munich Olympic Stadium / Frei Otto + Gunther Behnisch
2. German Pavilion at Expo 67 / Frei Otto + Rolf Gutbrod
3. Millennium Dome / Richard Rogers (RSHP)
4. Denver Union Station / SOM
5. St. Christopher's Pavilion / Sérgio Bernardes
6. Maracanã Stadium Roof Structure / schlaich bergermann partner
7. Brasilia National Stadium / gmp Architekten + schlaich bergermann partner + Castro Mello Arquitetos
8.Oakland coliseum, SOM

Link :https://www.archdaily.com/887462/tensile-structures-how-do-they-work-and-what-are-the-different-types

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