Documents - Pub Sharir Kriya Ayurvedic Physiology Instruments
Documents - Pub Sharir Kriya Ayurvedic Physiology Instruments
Documents - Pub Sharir Kriya Ayurvedic Physiology Instruments
– First BAMS
• PDEA’S College of Ayurved & Research
Center ,Nigdi Pradhikaran ,sector 25,Pune
44
• Instruments for study of Shari kriya
• Teachers & students can be benefited by
this ppt
4/16/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1
Instruments – Sharikriya
( Ayurvedic Physiology)
• Presented By –
• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic
Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology)
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
• [email protected]
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Sharir Kriya Books as per New
Syllabus of CCIM 2012
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Sharikriya Paper Practical Book
• As per Very New
Syllabus formed By
CCIM IN 2012
• Ayurvedic Practicals
like Prakruti,sara,Agni
• Modern
Haematological
Practicals
• CNS & CVS
Examination
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Sharir Kriya Paper 1
• Book in English
• Total CCIM Syllabus
covered
• Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratisthan Publication
• Popular Nationwide &
In Germany also
• Dosha & Prakruti
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Sharir Kriya Paper 2
• Book in English
• Total CCIM Syllabus
covered
• Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratisthan Publication
• Popular Nationwide &
In Germany also
• Dhatu,Mala
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Microscope (front view)
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Microscope (lateral view)
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Microscope
• Monocular, Binocular (Light, Electron).
• Principle – Light rays, coming from on object
are gathered by objective lenses. Then real,
inverted, magnified images is formed by
eyepiece.
• Parts – 3 systems Support, Light, Magnification.
Base, Arm, Stage, Body tube, Condenser,
Diaphragm, Objective lenses – Low power, High
power, Oil immersion (10 X, 45x, 100X) ; Eye
pieces – 5X, 6X, 10 X, 12 X, 15 X.
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Microscope
• Adjustment low power – keep condenser
low; High power – condenser middle and
for oil immersion – condenser high up ;
•
• Plain mirror – Low power lenses, In
Natural Light and concave mirror – for
high power lens and in Artificial Light
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Plasmodium Falciparum -
Trophozites
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Neubaur’s Chamber
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Neubaur’s Chamber
• Principle - Neubaur’s chamber is a thick glass slide with
a platform,
which consist of rullings which are to be focused &
studied. It has two elevated bases, provided on both
sides of platform on which coverslip is placed and
counting is done.
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Stethoscope
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Stethoscope
• Stetho = chest and scope = To inspect.
Discovered by Lennace in 1816.
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B.P Apparatus (Mercury)
• Principle - The pressure of blood in
brachial artery is balanced against the
pressure in a rubber culf and then it is
measured by Sphygmomanometer.
• Parts - 1) Mercurial manometer
• 2) Mercury well / reservior
• 3) Rubber bag with linen cuff.
• 4) The rubber pump / ballon with valve.
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B.P Apparatus (Anaeroid)
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B.P Apparatus (Digital)
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B.P Apparatus (Digital)
• Types - i) Mercurial
ii) Aneroid.
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Hb tube (1)
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Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer
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Hb tube(2)
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Hb tube
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RBC & WBC Pipettes
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RBC & WBC Pipettes
• Principle - RBC and WBC pipettes have
bulbs with specific volume in which mixing
of blood and diluting fluids is
done,conveniently and accurately. This
mixed solution is used to carry out
counting of RBC and WBC.
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RBC & WBC Pipettes
• Parts
• 1) Capillary stem with uniform bore.
• 2) Bulb – just above the stem is a bulb which
contain red/white beads (Beads help to mix
blood with RBC/WBC diluting fluid)
• 3) Rubber tube
• Uses - For dilution of blood with RBC or WBC
diluting fluid to count number of RBC’s and
WBC’s in 1mm3 of area.
• Note - RBC pipette marking – 0.5 – 1 – 101
• WBC pipette marking – 0.5 – 1 – 11
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ESR- Westerngreen
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Test tube Holder
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Test Tube with Stands
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Test Tubes
• Principle
• 1) Test tubes are made up of special type
of glass which can tolerate
• moderate heat during the chemical
reaction which are taking
• place in contents of test tube.
• 2) As the tubes are made up of glass,
various chemical reactionscan be
observed clearly.
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Test Tubes
• Parts - 1) Test tubes are with or without rim.
• 2) For explanation of practical parts of test tubes are
• described in terms of bottom and upper part
• Uses
• 1) Test tubes are used to perform various tests in Lab
• eg. In urine practical it is used to detect sugar, albumine
• 2) Small sized tubes are used in serological examination.
• eg. • Widal test for typhoid.
• Kahn / V.D.R.L test for S.T.D (Sexually Transmitted
Diseases)
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Sahli’s haemometer – For Hb
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Sahli’s haemometer – For Hb
• Principle - Blood is taken in the Hb tube
and mixed with N/10 HCl.
• Brown coloured acid haematin is formed
which is
• compared with standard colour plates of
the instruments.
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Sahli’s haemometer – For Hb
• Parts
• 1) Haemoglobinometer with standard
colour tubes
• 2) Hb tube - This tube has a rounded or
square bottom. This graduated tube has
red marking from 0 to 22 on one side to
indicate Hb gm percent and yellow
marking from 0 to 140 to indicate Hb
percentage.
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Sahli’s haemometer – For Hb
• 3) Hb pipette - has 20 cubic millimeter
marking. Blood is taken
• up to this mark.
• 4) Stirrer 5) Droppers 6) Brush for cleaning
the tube.
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Sahli’s haemometer – For Hb
• Uses
• 1) Hb tube is used to take N/10 HCl.
• 5) Droppers are used for taking HCl and for adding distilled water
• for diluting mixture
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ESR – Wintrobe stand
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Stands
• Principle - Various stands are used in the
Lab. The main purpose of
• stand is to keep test tubes or other tubes
vertical and
• fixed according to size and shape.
• Types - 1) Metal stands 2) Wooden
stands
• Parts - 1) Base 2) Sockets to keep the test
tubes
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Stands
• Uses
• 1) To keep test tubes in vertical position.
• 2) ESR stands are used for holding
Wintrobe of Westerngreen tubes
• in upright position for accurate reading.
• 3) Kahn tubes are kept in specific stands.
• 4) For the Leishman’s staining special type
of stand is used to keep the slide for
staining purpose.
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Tuning Fork
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Tuning Fork
• Limbs (U shaped two parallel limbs),
Handle (foot plate),
• Numbers – 256, 512 and 1024 Hz.
• Hearing Test
• i) Voice test (Conversation & Whispered)
• ii) Tunning fork test (Rinne, Weber,
Schwabach)
• iii) Audiometry
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Tuning Fork
• Principle - Tunning fork is set into
vibration and then it is kept on mastoid
bone and then in front of ear canal and
then the vibration of sound are compared
for Bone Conduction (B.C.) and Air
Conduction. (A.C.)
• Use - To measure hearing capacity, by
comparing air conduction (A.C.) with bone
conduction (B.C.).
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Ear Speculum
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Ear Speculum
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Ear Speculum
• Principle - Due to specific shape of
speculum and hollow cavity one can
examine – external auditory canal, ear
drum (tympanic membrane)
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Ear Speculum
• Uses - Examine Ext. Auditory canal +
Tympanic membrane, Remove wax and
foreign bodies.
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Nasal Speculum
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How to hold Nasal Speculum?
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Clinical Thermometer
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Clinical Thermometer
• Normal Body Temp. 97 – 98.5 F or 36 C to
37.5 C;
• C = F – 32 x 5 / 9
• Sites – Axilla, Mouth, Rectum, vagina;
• Parts – Bulb, constricted part, Index
• Curved surface acts as lens and magnifies
level of mercury,
• Flat surface Graduated Index
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Clinical Thermometer
• Principle
• Mercury expands, when it comes in contact with body
heat and so temperature can be recorded.
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Clinical Thermometer
• Body temperature types
• Core Temperature (Inside) > Shell
temperature (external skin).
•
• Temperature regulating center ---
Hypothalamus
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Ryle’s Tube
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Ryle’s Tube
• Uses – To collect Gastric contents ,for
Gastric Analysis
• To give Stomach wash in Poisoning
• For Artificial Feeding
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Ryle’s Tube – Markings
• 1st Mark – 40 cm from Tip –Indicates tube has
passes up to Cardiac orifice of stomach
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R.T Feeding
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Vernier Calliper –
Used for Anguli Praman
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Vernier Calliper
• Principle - To measure length or diameter of an
object accurately upto 0.01 cm / 0.1 mm
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Vernier Calliper
• Uses
• 1) Vernier calliper is used to measure
individual finger unit.(Anguli Praman)
• Finger unit is useful to check whether the
whole body or body organ are
proportionate or not.
• 2) Finger unit is also useful for study of
Marma (Vital points)
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Clinical Hammer –
For Deep Reflexes
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Clinical Hammer
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Clinical Hammer
• Parts - Rubber pad, handle, brush;
• Principle
• By applying external stimulus to joints,
bones, tendons, skin –response in the
form of Reflex can be observed and
Neuromuscular co-ordination and reflex
arc can be examined;
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Clinical Hammer
• Reflex types – Superficial, Deep, Visceral
• Superficial – Plantar, corneal, pupillary,
cremasteric, abdominal
• Deep – Bicep, Triceps, wrist, knee, Ankle
• Note - To divert the mind of the patient,
while taking reflexes, Jendrasik's manure
is applied (i.e.- asking the patient to clinch
• his teeth or tight locking of fingers of both
the hands.)
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Clinical Hammer
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Clinical Hammer
• Parts - 1) Rubber pad 2) Handle 3) Pointed end
4) Brush
• • Rubber pad is made up of soft rubber, having
triangular shape.This part is used to give
stimulus for eliciting reflexes.
• Metallic handle is used to hold a hammer.
• Pointed end, which is usually covered, is used
to elicit pain sensation (sensory tract). Pointed or
blunt end is used to take Babinski’s sign.
• • Brush is used to elicit touch sensation (sensory
tract).
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Clinical Hammer
• Uses - To study reflexes and make
diagnosis about
• Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion –
Exaggerated
• Lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion –
diminished.
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Albunometer –
To measure Urine Albumin
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Esbach’s albunometer
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Esbach’s albunometer
• Principle - Esbach’s reagent is mixed with urine and
kept for 24 hrs. Most of the proteins in the urine settle
down and albumin is detected in gms.
• Parts
• 1) This instrument is vertical instrument made up of
glass
• 2) Two marks are seen U and R. (U-urine and R-
reagent) from base upto the mark U it is graduated from
1 to 12 in gm.
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Esbach’s albunometer
• Procedure - Albuminometer is filled with
urine up to the mark U.
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Centrifuge Machine – Used in PCV
Practical & Urine Microscopic
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Centrifuge Machine
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Centrifuge Machine
• Principle - To separate solid particles from liquid in
solution, with the help of high spinning speed of the
centrifuge machine.
• Parts - 1) The central shaft (Rotating part, connected to
motor)
• 2) The head (carries 4 - 6 sockets to keep test tubes)
• 3) Chamber
• 4) Lid
• 5) Centrifuge tubes (glass or plastics) - placed in
opposite sockets to counter balance.
• Types of machine - 1) Manual 2) Electric
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Centrifuge Machine
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Centrifuge Machine
• Uses
• 1) To separate serum from blood, for
serological tests like LFT.
• 2) To separate plasma from blood
• 3) To measure packed cell volume (PCV)
• 4) To collect sediment of urine
• (specially for microscopic examination of
urine)
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RBC pipette – For RBC counting
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WBC pipette – For WBC counting
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82
Auroscope-
For Examination of External Ear
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Examination of Ear by Auroscope
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Herpende’s Caliper for measuring
skin fold thickness
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How to measure
Skin fold thickness?
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Insulin Syringe, useful to give
Insulin in Diabetic Patient
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Intracath –
For giving continuous IV fluids
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Needles
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Compass – To Show Directions – Used
in Taila Bindu Pariksha of Urine
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Compass – To Show Directions
• Used in the Taila Bindu Examination
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Sahli’s haemometer – To Test Hb
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Sphygmomanometer
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Sphygmomanometer
• Riva Rocci- in 1896;
• Parts – Mercurial manometer, Rubber bag
with linen cuff, ruber pump with valve,
• Manometer – 2 limbs - long and
graduated (0 - 250 mm) and another short
and broad (well).
• Types of instrument – Mercurial,
Anaeroid.
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Sphygmomanometer
(with rubber pump &cuff)
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Thermometer – Digital
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Needles
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Urinometer –
To Test Specific Gravity of Urine
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Urinometer –
To Test Specific Gravity of Urine
• Used for Testing Sp. Gr. of urine (1.012-1.025).
• Specific Gravity – Definition
• Density of a substance, which is compared with
Density of water (which is 1.0)
• Principle - Sp. Gr of urine depends upon
solutes present in urine. Increased up thrust of
solution means more Sp. Gr. !
• Parts - Steam (graduated – 1.000 at top and
1.060 at bottom), Base (rounded and heavy).
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Urinometer (2)