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Parametric Form of The Derivative: Slope

The parametric form of the derivative allows you to find the slope and concavity of a curve given by parametric equations x=f(t) and y=g(t). The slope is equal to the first derivative dx/dt evaluated at a point. The concavity is determined by the sign of the second derivative d2x/dt2. For example, given the curve x=√t and y=(t-4), the slope at (2,3) is 8 and the curve is concave upward there since d2x/dt2 is positive. To find the tangent lines at a crossing point of a cycloid, take the derivative of the parametric equations to get the slope and

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Rica Janelle Rioflorido Marticio
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74 views2 pages

Parametric Form of The Derivative: Slope

The parametric form of the derivative allows you to find the slope and concavity of a curve given by parametric equations x=f(t) and y=g(t). The slope is equal to the first derivative dx/dt evaluated at a point. The concavity is determined by the sign of the second derivative d2x/dt2. For example, given the curve x=√t and y=(t-4), the slope at (2,3) is 8 and the curve is concave upward there since d2x/dt2 is positive. To find the tangent lines at a crossing point of a cycloid, take the derivative of the parametric equations to get the slope and

Uploaded by

Rica Janelle Rioflorido Marticio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parametric Form of the Derivative

If a smooth curve C is given by the equations

= ( ) and = ( )

then the slope at of C at (x,y) is

First derivative = , ≠0

[ ]
Second derivative =
/

EXAMPLE:

1. For the curve given by = √ and = ( − 4), ≥ 0, find the slope and concavity at the point (2, 3).
Solution
= %√ & =
√
= ( − 4) = (2 ) = substitute to

= (
, ≠0
(
(

= 1 = √
2√
Recall that the slope of the curve at a particular point along the curve is equal to the first derivative of the
function in that point.
Consider the point (2,3)
=√ then,
2 = √ or = 4 substitute to the derivative
= √ = 4√4 = 8 SLOPE
Recall that the second derivative test is used for the determination of concavity the curve.
[ ] ( √ )
= = +
/
√(
,
√
= + = 3 = 3(4) = +12 (positive) CONCAVE UPWARD
√(

2. The prolate cycloid given by = 2 − / sin and = 2 − / cos crosses itself at the point (0, 2). Find the
equation of the tangent lines at this point.
6 6
Answer: − 2 = − 5 7 and −2=5 7
Solution
First solve the slope of the tangent line which is equal to the first derivative of the function at point (0,2).
( 96 :;< )
8= = (
= (
( 9=>? )
( (
96 @A: 9@A:
= =
96(9 :;< ) 6?BC

Solve for t by substituting y coordinate of the point


= 2 − / cos

2 = 2 − / cos then,

/ cos = 0

cos = 0

= arccos 0
6 6
=− ,

8= = (

( 96 @A: )
8= (
( 96 :;< )
(

96(9 :;< ) 6 :;< 6 6


8= = substitute = − ,
96 @A: 96 @A:
F
6 6 :;<(9 ) 6(9 ) H
8(− ) = F = =−
96 @A:(9 96(G) I
)

F
6 6 :;<( ) 6( ) H
85 7 = F = =
96 @A:( 96(G) I
)

Substitute to the equation of a line =8 +J


6
2 = − (0) + J, or J = 2
H
=− +I equation of the line
I
6
2 = (0) + J, or J = 2
H
= +I equation of the line
I

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