Hort 351 Lecture 3

Horticultural Zones of India
Temperate Zone
 Temperate regions - where the temperature falls

below freezing point during the winter.
 In general, the temperate regions include the

states of J& K, H.P., Uttrakhand and NE states,
Temperate fruits
 Fruits grown in the temperate regions.
 Temperate fruit trees shed their leaves during the winter and
enter the rest period.
 A definite chilling temperature is required to break the rest

period or dormancy.
 Plants can tolerate both diurnal and seasonal fluctuation of

temperatures
 Temperate fruits- Apple, Pear, Peach, Nectarine, Plum,

Apricot, Almond, Cherry, Walnut, Kiwifruit, Pecan nut,
Persimmon etc.
Sub-Tropical Zone
 Sub-Tropical Zones - where the temperate occasionally
goes below freezing point but not as a rule below 25 oF.
 Overall climate is hot and comparatively dry, whereas,
the winters are less cold.
 Chief regions of sub-tropical zone - Punjab, Haryana,
U.P., North districts of Bihar, West Bengal, M.P.,
Rajasthan, and Assam.

Sub-Tropical fruits
 Fruits commercially successful in Sub-Tropical Zones
 The plants may be deciduous or evergreen and usually

withstand cold but not the frost
 Sub-tropical fruits - sweet orange, mandarin, grapefruit, lime,

lemon, litchi, grape, guava, phalsa, fig, pomegranate,
avocado.
 Tropical fruits like Mango and Banana can also be grown in

this zone, whereas, the low chilling cvs. of Peach, Pear,
Plum, and Almond of temperate zones can also be grown in
sub-mountainous tracts of sub-tropical zone.
Tropical Zone
 Regions having hot and humid climate in summer and mild
in winter.
 Less fluctuations of diurnal temperatures and light and dark
periods
 This zone includes the regions: Maharashtra, Karnataka,
A.P., T.N., Kerala, Southern districts of M.P. and West
Bengal.
Tropical fruits
 Fruits grown in tropical areas/zone.
 Most commercial fruits: Mango, Banana, Sapota,

Pineapple, Papaya, Pomegranate, Grapes,
Cashew nut etc.
 This zone includes the regions of Maharashtra,

Karnataka, A.P. Tamilnadu, Kerala, southern
districts of M.P. and West Bengal.
Horticultural Zones of Himachal Pradesh
Sub-tropical sub-montane and low Hills

Sub-temperate sub humid mid hills
Wet-temprate high hills:
Dry Temprate hills and cold deserts:
Zones of fruit growing in the State
 Sub-tropical sub-mountainous and low

hills. ( Zone I)
 Sub-temperate sub humid mid hills
(Zone II)
 Wet temperate high hills ( Zone III)
 Dry temperate high hills and cold
deserts (zone IV)
Zone I :- Sub-tropical sub-mountainous
and low hilly zone.
 Areas upto 914 m amsl such as Una, Kangra,
Chamba, Sirmaur, Solan, etc.
 Soil - sandy loam to loamy sand.
 Rainfall near about 100 cm / annum.
 About 40 % of the cropped area of the state.
 83% of total cropped area in this zone is

rainfed.
Zone I :- Sub-tropical sub-mountainous
and low hilly zone.
 Zone suitable for the cultivation of mango,
citrus, litchi, loquat, guava, papaya, and low
chilling cvs. of peaches and plums

Problems in zone I
 Rainfall causing soil erosion

 Erratic rainfall distribution
 Low inherent soil fertility
 Low moisture retention
capacity of the soil
Zone II :- Sub-temperate sub humid mid hills
Hills with elevation ranging from 915

to 1523 m amsl such as mid hills of
Solan, Shimla Chamba, Mandi, Kullu,
and Kangra districts.
Moderate to heavy monsoon rains
and mild temperate climate.
Soil is neutral to acidic, sandy loam –
clay loam.
Rainfall near about 100- 300 cm/annum.
About 37 % of the cropped area of the
state.
76 % of the total cropped area in this
zone is rainfed.
Zone suitable for the cultivation of stone
fruits, pome fruits, walnut, lemon, galgal,
pomegranate ,olive ,kiwi, strawberry etc.
Problems in Zone II
Run off soil erosion

Soil acidity and clod formation
Low temperature in winter
High weeds and diseases
Zone III:- Wet temperate high hills
High hilly moist zone with elevation from

1524 to 2472 m amsl i.e. the higher
reaches of Shimla, Mandi,Kullu, Sirmaur
and Chamba.
Soil- neutral to acidic
Climate- humid temperate

Zone III:- Wet temperate high hills
About 22 % of the cropped area of the

state
93 % of the total cropped area in this zone
is rainfed.
 Most suitable fruit crops in this zone:
pome fruits.
Problems in Zone III
Land slide area
Shallow soil depth
Sub- optimal temperatures
Periodic moisture stress to the crops
Lack of irrigation facilities
Poor road network and marketing
problem
Zone IV :- Dry temperate high hills and cold
deserts
 High altitude dry zone in the northwest above 2472

m amsl comprising of Lahaul-spiti, Kinnaur and
Bharmaur areas of Chamba Districts
 Low rainfall during summer(250-400 mm) with

heavy snowfall (3-5 m) during winters
Zone IV :- Dry temperate high hills and cold
deserts
 Comprises of about 2 % of the cropped area of the

state
 60 % of the total cropped area in this zone is

rainfed
 Soil has coarse texture having neutral pH.
 Apple is the main crop besides pear, nuts, prunes,

grapes and even drying cvs. of apricot etc.
Problems in zone IV
Land slides
Short growing season- may – oct
Loose strata
Shallow soil depth
Lack of vegetative cover
Very low temperatures

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Horticultural Zones of India

 Temperate regions - where the temperature falls

 In general, the temperate regions include the

 A definite chilling temperature is required to break the rest

 Plants can tolerate both diurnal and seasonal fluctuation of

 Temperate fruits- Apple, Pear, Peach, Nectarine, Plum,

 Sub-Tropical Zones - where the temperate occasionally

goes below freezing point but not as a rule below 25 oF.

 Overall climate is hot and comparatively dry, whereas,

the winters are less cold.

 Chief regions of sub-tropical zone - Punjab, Haryana,

U.P., North districts of Bihar, West Bengal, M.P.,

Rajasthan, and Assam.

 The plants may be deciduous or evergreen and usually

 Sub-tropical fruits - sweet orange, mandarin, grapefruit, lime,

 Tropical fruits like Mango and Banana can also be grown in

 Regions having hot and humid climate in summer and mild

 Less fluctuations of diurnal temperatures and light and dark

 This zone includes the regions: Maharashtra, Karnataka,

A.P., T.N., Kerala, Southern districts of M.P. and West

 Most commercial fruits: Mango, Banana, Sapota,

 This zone includes the regions of Maharashtra,

Sub-tropical sub-montane and low Hills

 Sub-tropical sub-mountainous and low

 Soil - sandy loam to loamy sand.

 Rainfall near about 100 cm / annum.

 About 40 % of the cropped area of the state.

 83% of total cropped area in this zone is

 Zone suitable for the cultivation of mango,

citrus, litchi, loquat, guava, papaya, and low

chilling cvs. of peaches and plums

 Rainfall causing soil erosion

Hills with elevation ranging from 915

Run off soil erosion

High hilly moist zone with elevation from

Soil- neutral to acidic

Climate- humid temperate

About 22 % of the cropped area of the

 High altitude dry zone in the northwest above 2472

 Low rainfall during summer(250-400 mm) with

 Comprises of about 2 % of the cropped area of the

 60 % of the total cropped area in this zone is

 Soil has coarse texture having neutral pH.

 Apple is the main crop besides pear, nuts, prunes,

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