Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad

EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad

Electric Circuit Analysis II

EXPERIMENT NO 04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied

Name of Student: ……………………………………………………..

Roll No.: ……………………………………………………………….

Class Section: …………………………………………………………

Date of Experiment: ………………………………………………….

Report submitted on: …………………………………………………

Marks obtained: …………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: …………………………..

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

EXPERIMENT NO 04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied

1. Objective

 To prove the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

2. Basic Information

2.1 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

In electrical engineering, the maximum power transfer theorem states that, to obtain maximum
external power from a source with a finite internal resistance, the resistance of the load must
equal the resistance of the source as viewed from its output terminals.

For Thevenin equivalent circuit, the maximum power transfer theorem states that “the
maximum amount of power will be dissipated in the load resistance if it is equal in value to the
Thevenin or Norton source resistance of the network supplying the power“.
In other words, the load resistance resulting in greatest power dissipation must be equal in
value to the equivalent Thevenin source resistance.

The theorem results in maximum power transfer, and not maximum efficiency. If the resistance
of the load is made larger than the resistance of the source, then efficiency is higher, since a
higher percentage of the source power is transferred to the load, but the magnitude of the load
power is lower since the total circuit resistance goes up.

2.2 Maximizing power transfer versus power efficiency

To achieve maximum efficiency, the resistance of the source could be made close to zero. The
condition of maximum power transfer does not result in maximum efficiency. The efficiency is
only 50% when maximum power transfer is achieved, but approaches 100% as the load
resistance approaches infinity, though the total power level tends towards zero. Efficiency also
approaches 100% if the source resistance approaches zero, and 0% if the load resistance
approaches zero. In the latter case, all the power is consumed inside the source (unless the
source also has no resistance), so the power dissipated in a short circuit is zero.

Although applicable to all branches of electrical engineering, this theorem is particularly useful
for analyzing communication networks. The overall efficiency of a network supplying
maximum power to any branch is 50 percent. For this reason, the application of this theorem to
power transmission and distribution networks is limited because, in their case, the goal is high
efficiency and not maximum power transfer. However, in case of electronic and
communication networks, very often, the goal are either to receive or transmit maximum power
(though at reduced efficiency) especially when power involved is only a few milliwatts or
microwatts. Frequently, the problem of maximum power transfer is of crucial significance in
the operation of transmission lines and antennas.

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

3. Experimental Work

Equipment & Components Required

1. Digital Multimeter
2. DC Power Supply
3. Breadboard
4. Resistors:
Coded Value Measured Value

330 Ω(1/2 W )⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯
5. 1 k Ω potentiometer (1)
6. Connecting wires

Procedure

1.Construct the circuit of Fig 3.1.

RS  RTh  330
RL
VS  VTh 10V

Volltage source with int ernal resis tan ce

Fig 3.1

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

V S =10 V R S=⋯ ⋯ ⋯

S# R L (Ω) RT =RS + R L (Ω) I L (mA ) P L=I L2 R L (W ) PS =I L 2 RS (W ) PT =I L2 RT (W )

Table 3.1

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Scale
Along x  axis Along y  axis

4. Questions

1.

Fig . 3.2 : ...........................................

How does the power delivered to the load ( P L ¿ vary with the resistance of the load ( R L)?

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

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2.Comment on the values of Table 3.1.

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3.Comment on the graph of Fig 3.2.

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Lab #4 Marks Details:

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

# Qualities & Criteria 0 < Poor <=40 40< Satisfactory <= 70 70 < Good <= 90 90< Excellent <=100
ER1 Task Completion No Tasks were completed/ Some tasks were Few tasks were left to All tasks completed in
minimal effort shown completed. Could not be completed. due time. All goals
justify the reasons for Provided acceptable achieved.
uncompleted tasks and justification for the
goals. uncompleted tasks and
goals.
ER2 Neat and Clean Components are wired but Most of the wires are Few but not all All components are
circuit didn’t ensure neatness and untidy with jumbled up components are wired wired in a neat, clean
constructions cleanliness at all /minimal connections in a neat, clean and and safe manner
effort shown safe manner
ER6 Troubleshooting Unable to identify the Able to identify the Able to identify the Is able to identify the
fault / minimal effort fault but unable to fault but partially fault and able to make
shown remove it removes it necessary steps and
actions to correct it
ER9 Results and Plots Unable to produce any Inaccurate plots and Correct plots without Good presentation of
plots or results /minimal results any necessary the correct plots with
efforts shown identifying features proper labels, captions
such as labels, captions & visibility
& visibility
RR1 Format/Layout & Follows poorly the Follows, for some part, Follows, for most part, Closely follows all the
Organization requirement related to all the requirements all the requirements requirements related to
format and layout. The related to format and related to format and format and layout.
report is disorganized to layout. The layout. The Written work is well
the extent that it prevents organization is unclear organization is organized and easy to
understanding of he generally good, but understand
content some parts seem out of
place

RR2 Content/Informati The report is not objective The report is objective The report is objective The report is objective
on based and addresses the based and for some part based and for most based and addresses
issues referred in the addresses the issues part addresses the the issues referred in
proposed topic poorly. referred in the proposed issues referred in the the proposed topic with
The provided information topic with an acceptable proposed topic with an in depth analysis and
& results is not coherent engineering/theoretical acceptable reasoning. The
rather irrelevant. Little analysis. The provided engineering/theoretical provided information
engineering/theoretical information & results analysis and reasoning. & results is necessary,
analysis is presented for some parts is The provided relevant and sufficient
necessary and sufficient information & results to discuss these issues.
to discuss these issues for most part is The details are easily
necessary and understood at peer
sufficient to discuss level.
these issues
TR1 Effort & Attitude Little or no evidence of Minimal effort if any. Completed all agreed Extraordinary effort
effort shown. Negative, Some interest shown in tasks; competent, but demonstrated.
absent minded, withdrawn the project not extraordinary. Exceptionally positive
Positive and /or and/ or constructive
constructive attitude attitude

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3Th Semester)

Lab #4: Marks distribution:

ER1 ER2 ER6 ER9 RR1 RR2 TR1

Task 20 Points 10 Points 10 Points 20 Points 20 Points 10 points 10 Points

Lab #4: Marks obtained:

ER1 ER2 ER6 ER9 RR1 RR2 TR1

Task

Marks obtained: …………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: …………………………..

Experiment No.04: Study of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem applied to dc networks using
actual hardware components
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