Scribd
Upload
45 views6 pages

211 Department of Civil Engineering

This document discusses orificemeters and venturimeters, which are devices used to measure fluid flow rates. It provides the following key points: - An orificemeter consists of a flat plate with a circular hole (orifice) placed in a pipe. It measures flow by determining the pressure difference across the orifice. - A venturimeter contains a converging section that narrows the pipe diameter followed by a divergent section. It measures flow based on Bernoulli's principle by determining the pressure difference between the inlet and throat. - The main differences between the devices are that orificemeters are generally used for liquids while venturimeters can be used for gases and liquids,

Uploaded by

MARSDEN RONNY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views6 pages

211 Department of Civil Engineering

This document discusses orificemeters and venturimeters, which are devices used to measure fluid flow rates. It provides the following key points: - An orificemeter consists of a flat plate with a circular hole (orifice) placed in a pipe. It measures flow by determining the pressure difference across the orifice. - A venturimeter contains a converging section that narrows the pipe diameter followed by a divergent section. It measures flow based on Bernoulli's principle by determining the pressure difference between the inlet and throat. - The main differences between the devices are that orificemeters are generally used for liquids while venturimeters can be used for gases and liquids,

Uploaded by

MARSDEN RONNY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Fluid Properties

Department of Civil Engineering 211


Orificemeter

• Orificemeter or orifice plate is a device (cheaper than a venturimeter) employed for measuring the discharge of fluid through a pipe. It also
works on the same principle of a venturimeter. It consists of a flat circular plate having a circular sharp edged hole (called orifice) concentric
• with the pipe. The diameter of the orifice may vary from 0.4 to 0.8 times the diameter of the pipe but its value is generally chosen as 0.5. A
differential manometer is connected at section (1) which is at a distance of 1.5 to 2 times the pipe diameter upstream from the orifice
plate, and at section (2) which is at a distance of about half the diameter of the orifice from the orifice plate on the downstream side.
• Let, A1 = Area of pipe at section (1) V1 = Velocity at section (1),
• p1 = Pressure at section (1), and A2 V2 and p2 are corresponding values at section (2).

Department of Civil Engineering 212


Fluid Properties

It may be noted that Cd (co-efficient of discharge)


[A2 = A0 . Cc... as above {eqn. (ii)}] of an orifice is much smaller than that of a
venturimeter

Department of Civil Engineering 213


Difference between a venturimeter and an orificemeter

• A venturimeter is a device which is inserted into pipeline to measure incompressible fluid low rates. It consists of a convergent section
which reduces the diameter to between one-half to one-fourth of the pipe diameters. This is followed by a divergent section. The pressure
difference between the position just before the venturi and at the throat of the venturi is measured by a differential manometer. The
working of the venturi is based on the Bernoulli’s principle, that is, when the velocity head increases in an accelerated flow, there is a
corresponding reduction in the piezometric head.
• The orificemeter is opening, usually round, located in the side wall of the tank or reservoir, for measuring the flow of a liquid. The main
feature of the orificemeter is that most of the potential energy of the liquid is converted into kinetic energy of the free jet issuing through
the orifice.
• The main points of difference between a venturimeter and orificemeter are:
• 1. The venturimeter can be used for measuring the flow rates of all incompressible flows. (gases with low pressure variations, as well as
liquids), whereas orificemeters are generally used for measuring the flow rates of liquids.
• 2. Venturimeter is installed in pipeline only, and the accelerated flow through the apparatus, is subsequently decelerated to the original
velocity at the outlet of the venturimeter. The flow continues through the pipeline. In the orificemeter the entire potential energy of the
fluid is converted to kinetic energy, and the jet discharges freely into the open atmosphere.
• 3. In venturimeter, the flow velocity is measured by noting the pressure difference between the inlet and the throat of the venturimeter,
whereas in the orificemeter the discharge velocity is measured by using Pitot tube or by trajectory method.

Department of Civil Engineering 214


Fluid Properties

• The following data relate to an orificemeter: Diameter of the pipe = 240 mm Diameter of the orifice = 120 mm Sp. gravity of oil = 0.88
• Reading of differential manometer = 400 mm of mercury Co-efficient of discharge of the meter = 0.65. Determine the rate of flow of oil

Department of Civil Engineering 215


Fluid Properties

• Water flows at the rate of 0.015 m3/s through a 100 mm diameter orifice used in a 200 mm pipe. What is the difference of pressure head
between the upstream section and the vena contracta section? Take co-efficient of contraction Cc = 0.60 and Cv = 1.0.
• Solution. Given: Q = 0.015 m3/s; D0 = 100 mm = 0.1 m; D1 = 200 mm = 0.2 m; Cc = 0.60; Cv = 1.0
• Difference in pressure head h:

Department of Civil Engineering 216

You might also like