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DQ13

This document contains a physics recitation problem set on fluid mechanics. It includes 4 multi-part problems testing concepts like pressure, buoyancy, flow rate, and Bernoulli's equation. The first problem involves calculating pressures in a cylindrical oil column with a wooden disk floating on top. The second examines pressures and buoyant forces on a wooden block floating at the oil-water interface. The third analyzes flow rates and pressures in a soft drink pipe system. The fourth uses Bernoulli's equation to calculate discharge rate and gauge pressure at a point in a flowing water tank system.

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Jan Adrian Galang Francisco
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2K views4 pages

DQ13

This document contains a physics recitation problem set on fluid mechanics. It includes 4 multi-part problems testing concepts like pressure, buoyancy, flow rate, and Bernoulli's equation. The first problem involves calculating pressures in a cylindrical oil column with a wooden disk floating on top. The second examines pressures and buoyant forces on a wooden block floating at the oil-water interface. The third analyzes flow rates and pressures in a soft drink pipe system. The fourth uses Bernoulli's equation to calculate discharge rate and gauge pressure at a point in a flowing water tank system.

Uploaded by

Jan Adrian Galang Francisco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 71 Recit 13

Fluid Mechanics (40 points)


Name:
A  A-1  A-2  A-3  A-4  A-5  A-6
Answer each question completely in the spaces provided. This is a closed notes quiz and
you are not allowed to discuss with your classmate. Round your final answer properly and
box it. Explicitly state the coordinate system you used. Use g = 9.80 [m/s2 ].

1. A cylindrical disk of wood weighing 45.0 [N] and having a diameter of 30.0 [cm] floats
on a cylinder of oil of density 0.850 [g/cm3 ]. The cylinder of oil is 75.0 [cm] deep
and has a diameter the same as that of the wood.
(a) [5 pts] What is the gauge pressure at the top of the oil column?

Solution: The gauge pressure at the top of the oil column must produce a
force on the disk that is equal to its weight.
The area at the bottom of the disk is given by

A = πr2 = 0.0707 [m2 ]. (1)

The gauge pressure is


w 45.0
p − p0 = = = 636 [Pa] . (2)
A 0.0707

(b) [5 pts] Suppose now that someone puts a weight of 83.0 [N] on top of the wood,
but no oil seeps around the edge of the wood. What is the change in pressure
at (i) the bottom of the oil and (ii) halfway down in the oil?

Solution: The increase in pressure produces a force on the disk equal to the
increase in weight. By Pascal’s law the increase in pressure is transmitted to
Physics 71 Recit 13

all points in the oil.


83.0
∆p = = 1170 [Pa] (3)
0.0707
at the bottom of the oil and halfway down in the oil.

2. A cubical block of wood, 10.0 [cm] on a side, floats at the interface between oil and
water with its lower surface 1.50 [cm] below the interface. The density of the oil is
790 [kg/m3 ].
(a) [3 pts] What is the gauge pressure at the upper face of the block?

Solution: The upper face is 1.50 [cm] below the top of the oil.

p − p0 = ρgh = 116 [Pa] (4)

(b) [3 pts] What is the gauge pressure at the lower face of the block?

Solution: The pressure at the interface is

pinterface = patm + ρoil g(0.010 [m]). (5)

The lower face of the block is 1.50 [cm] below the interface, so the pressure
there is
p = pinterface + ρwater g(0.0150 [m]). (6)
Combining these two equations,

p − patm = ρoil g(0.010 [m]) + ρwater g(0.0150 [m]) = 921 [Pa] (7)

(c) [4 pts] What is the buoyant force that is exerted on the block of wood by the
fluid?

Solution: The buoyant force is


B = (ρoil Voil + ρwater Vwater ) g = 8.05 [N] (8)
Physics 71 Recit 13

3. A soft drink (mostly water) flows in a pipe at a beverage plant with a mass flow
rate that would fill 220 0.355-[L] cans per minute. At point 2 in the pipe, the gauge
pressure is 152 [kPa] and the cross-sectional area is 8.00 [cm2 ]. At point 1, 1.35 [m]
above point 2, the cross-sectional area is 2.00 [cm2 ].
(a) [2 pts] What is the mass flow rate for this pipe?

Solution:
(220)(0.355)
Rm = = 1.30 [kg/s] (9)
60.0

(b) [2 pts] What is the volume flow rate for this pipe?
0.355
Solution: The density of the liquid is 0.355×10−3 = 1000 [kg/m3 ] and so the
volume flow rate is
Rm 1.30
RV = = = 1.30 × 10−3 [m3 /s] = 1.30 [L/s] (10)
ρ 1000

(c) [3 pts] Calculate the flow speeds at points 1 and 2.

Solution:
Rv 1.30 × 10−3 v1
v1 = = = 6.50 [m/s]. v 2 = = 1.63 [m/s] (11)
A1 2.00 × 10−4 4

(d) [3 pts] What is the gauge pressure at point 1?

Solution:
1
p1 = p2 + ρ v22 − v12 + ρg(y2 − y1 ) = 119 [kPa]

(12)
2
Physics 71 Recit 13

4. Water flows steadily from an open tank as in the following figure. The elevation of
point 1 is 10.0 [m], and the elevation of points 2 and 3 is 2.00 [m]. The cross-sectional
area at point 2 is 0.0480 [m2 ]; at point 3 it is 0.0160 [m2 ]. The area of the tank is very
large compared with the cross-sectional area of the pipe. Assuming that Bernoulli’s
equation applies. Compute the following.
(a) [5 pts] discharge rate in cubic meters per second, and;

Solution: Start with Bernoulli’s Equation


1 1
p1 + ρv12 + ρgy1 = p3 + ρv32 + ρgy3 (13)
2 2
1 2
ρgy1 = ρv3 + ρgy3 (14)
2
q
v3 = 2g(y1 − y2 ) (15)
q
v3 A3 = 2g(y1 − y3 )A3 = 0.200 [m3 /s] (16)

(b) [5 pts] the gauge pressure at point 2.

Solution: Since p3 is atmospheric pressure, the gauge pressure at point 2 is


1 1
p2 + ρv22 + ρgy2 = p3 + ρv32 + ρgy3 (17)
2 2
 2 !
1 1 A3
p2 = ρ v32 − v22 = ρv32 1 −

(18)
2 2 A2

using v3 from part (a), we have p2 = 6.97 × 104 [Pa]

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