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Current Affairs [PDF] - October 1-15, 2021
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Current Affairs [PDF] - October 1-15, 2021
Physica Classes | [email protected] |
Contents
......................... ....... _ _ ......... ......... .....................................................
News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 1, 2021 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 2, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 3, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
October 4, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 5, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 6, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
October 7, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
October 8, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
October 11, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
October 11, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 11, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 12, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
October 13, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
October 14, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
October 15, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
October 1, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Manipur: Festival of Dance and Music "Nata Sankirtana" .......................................................................................................... 12
NABARD approves credit plan for rearing Yak Husbandry ....................................................................................................... 13
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award 2021 ........................................................................................................................................... 14
2021 Yidan Prize ................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Digi Saksham programme - Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................ 15
UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2021 ........................................................................................................................................ 15
PM launches Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 and AMRUT 2.0 ......................................................................................... 16
NITI Aayog: Assessment report of District hospitals ................................................................................................................... 17
Giriraj Singh launches People's Plan Campaign 2021 .................................................................................................................. 17
‘Bal Raksha Kit’- Things to Know .................................................................................................................................................... 18
AUSINDEX: 4th India-Australia biennial maritime series ........................................................................................................... 18
India-Australia inked ‘Terms of Reference’ .................................................................................................................................... 19
September 30: International Translation Day ................................................................................................................................ 19
October 2, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
NITI Aayog: The State Nutrition Profile ........................................................................................................................................ 20
SACRED Portal made functional ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
IFSCA sets up Expert Committee on Sustainable Finance .......................................................................................................... 21
New species of blind freshwater eel discovered in Mumbai ...................................................................................................... 22
India-US to set-up JWG in Defence industrial security ............................................................................................................... 22
American bumblebee could be declared endangered .................................................................................................................. 23
What is Solar conjunction? ................................................................................................................................................................ 24
India’s Pavilion launched at Dubai Expo 2020 .............................................................................................................................. 24
World Bank: $150 million to Chennai’s Sustainable Urban Services ........................................................................................ 25
RBI's new auto Debit Rules- Highlights .......................................................................................................................................... 25
IMF Report on Crypto Ecosystem .................................................................................................................................................... 26
India wins Bronze at Asian TT Championships ............................................................................................................................ 26
India- Sri Lanka to take part in 'Mitra Shakti 21' Exercise ......................................................................................................... 27
October 4, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Tiger rallies started across 51 Reserves ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Assam: Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award ................................................................................................................................ 28
Wildlife Week 2021 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 29
KVIC's world’s largest Khadi National Flag ................................................................................................................................... 29
Kamdhenu Deepawali 2021 campaign launched .......................................................................................................................... 30
Centre notifies new Electricity Rules ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Molnupiravir: New drug to treat COVID-19 .................................................................................................................................. 31
First consignment of Kashmir walnuts flagged off ....................................................................................................................... 32
Icra report: India’s electricity demand to grow 8-8.5% in FY22 .............................................................................................. 32
MeitY plans Tech repository for Digital services .......................................................................................................................... 33
NOAA report: August 2021 is the 6th-warmest in 142 years ................................................................................................... 34
© 2021 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in 2
Odisha's initiatives to prevent Elephant electrocution .................................................................................................................. 34
October 5, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 35
Russia test-fires Hypersonic missile from submarine ................................................................................................................... 35
2021 Nobel Prize in Medicine ........................................................................................................................................................... 35
Delhi: Action plan to combat Air pollution in winters ................................................................................................................. 36
TN launches software to aid police investigations ........................................................................................................................ 37
DRDO Dare to Dream 2.0 & Young Scientists awards .............................................................................................................. 37
Urban Conclave in Lucknow-Highlights ......................................................................................................................................... 38
'Made in India' drone used to transport COVID-19 vaccine ..................................................................................................... 39
EU approves Pfizer-BioNTech COVID vaccine booster .............................................................................................................. 39
October 4: World Habitat Day ......................................................................................................................................................... 40
NASA's Psyche Mission- Key Facts ................................................................................................................................................. 40
RBI grants licence to NARCL ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
What is the Pandora papers leak case? ............................................................................................................................................ 41
October 6, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Changes proposed in Forest Conservation Act ............................................................................................................................. 42
Health Minister releases ‘The State of the World’s Children 2021’ .......................................................................................... 43
5th edition of India - Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise .............................................................................................................. 43
Ministry of Tourism organising conference on Buddhist Crcuit .............................................................................................. 44
Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development Scheme ....................................................................................................... 44
Indian Scientists develops New Biodegradable Polymer ............................................................................................................. 45
State of the Education Report for India-2021 ............................................................................................................................... 45
Delhi: Health Information Management System (HIMS) project ............................................................................................ 46
Road Transport Ministry's scheme for ‘Good Samaritans’ ........................................................................................................ 47
Nobel Prize 2021 for Physics ............................................................................................................................................................ 47
What is Heli-borne Survey Technology? ........................................................................................................................................ 48
‘Electronic Pension Payment Order’ integrated with Digi Locker ............................................................................................ 48
Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week .................................................................................................................................. 49
October 7, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
The State of Climate Services 2021: Water report ....................................................................................................................... 50
Centre to constitute National Road Safety Board ......................................................................................................................... 50
Business Summit on National Mission on Edible Oils-Oil Palm in NE states .......................................................................... 51
GI tagged Mihidana from West Bengal exported to Bahrain ..................................................................................................... 51
Government approves 7 PM MITRA Parks ................................................................................................................................... 52
SVAMITVA: PM distributes 1.7 lakh e-property cards in M.P .................................................................................................. 53
NASA To Launch Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission .................................................................................. 53
WHO approves world's first Malaria vaccine ................................................................................................................................ 54
UAE announces Probe targeting asteroid between Mars & Jupiter .......................................................................................... 54
ICMR releases MUDRA Toolbox in 5 Indian languages ............................................................................................................. 55
Annual International G-20 Conference- Highlights ..................................................................................................................... 55
Moody’s upgrades outlook on India’s sovereign rating to Stable ............................................................................................. 56
Anshu Malik:1st Indian woman wrestler to reach World Championship final ....................................................................... 57
October 8, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
World Bank Report- Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led Development ............................................................... 57
October 7: World Cotton Day 2021 ................................................................................................................................................ 58
Guidelines for PM-CARES for Children scheme .......................................................................................................................... 58
Centre releases ₹40,000 crore as GST compensation ................................................................................................................ 59
UP: Judicial Commission for Lakhimpur Kheri probe ................................................................................................................. 60
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................... 60
India Joins High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People ...................................................................................................... 61
IAF celebrates 89th anniversary ........................................................................................................................................................ 61
RBI Monetary Policy Committee Announcements ....................................................................................................................... 62
PM Modi to launch 'Indian Space Association' ............................................................................................................................. 62
October 11, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Nationwide River Ranching Programme launched in Uttar Pradesh ....................................................................................... 63
Coal Shortage Crisis in India ............................................................................................................................................................. 63
PM Modi to launch first ever ‘PM Gati Shakti’ Masterplan ....................................................................................................... 64
India, UK sign Forward Action Plan on power ............................................................................................................................. 64

India-Croatia joins hands for research in Traditional Medicine Systems ................................................................................ 65
Telangana to test Mobile-based e-voting system ......................................................................................................................... 66
UN Human Rights Council recognises 'Right to a clean environment' ................................................................................... 66
October 10: World Mental Health Day ........................................................................................................................................... 67
Football: Sunil Chhetri equals Pele with 77th goal ...................................................................................................................... 67
India agrees to $200 mn LoC to support Kyrgyzstan ................................................................................................................ 68
Long haul freight trains ‘Trishul’ and ‘Garuda’ operated at SCR ............................................................................................. 68
October 12, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Nobel Prize in Economics 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................ 69
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021 ................................................................................................................................ 69
GI Tag for Karuppur kalamkari paintings, Kallakurichi wood carvings ................................................................................. 70
PM Modi to attend G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit on Afghanistan .............................................................................. 71
Germany launches World's First Self-Driving Train .................................................................................................................... 71
IEA invites India to become full-time member .............................................................................................................................. 72
Alexander Schellenberg appointed Austria's new Chancellor .................................................................................................... 73
Tunisia's President unveils new Government ................................................................................................................................ 73
Covid: WHO recommends 3rd dose for immunocompromised ............................................................................................... 73
Finance Ministry's Monthly Economic Review ............................................................................................................................. 74
Rajnish Kumar joins BharatPe as Chairman ................................................................................................................................... 75
Civil Aviation Min approves Akasa Air to operate in India ........................................................................................................ 75
October 13, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
Cabinet approves affiliation of 100 schools with Sainik School Society ................................................................................. 76
Velyat: Iran’s annual Air Defence Drill ............................................................................................................................................ 76
October 12: World Arthritis Day ...................................................................................................................................................... 77
Maharatna Status to Power Finance Corporation ........................................................................................................................ 77
Supreme Court on National Green Tribunal’s (NGT) position ................................................................................................ 78
NITI Aayog: Handbook on Sustainable urban plastic waste management ............................................................................ 78
Vision Plan (2021-2031) for Indian Zoos ....................................................................................................................................... 79
India to submit National vaccination plan and targets to WHO ............................................................................................... 80
Henley passport index 2021- Highlights ......................................................................................................................................... 80
Delhi Govt's 'Desh Ke Mentor' Programme .................................................................................................................................. 81
Covaxin approved for emergency use in 2–18-year-olds ............................................................................................................ 81
Former IAS Amit Khare appointed as advisor to PM Modi ...................................................................................................... 82
October 11: US Indigenous People’s Day ........................................................................................................................................ 82
October 14, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
EU's first Green Bond issuance ......................................................................................................................................................... 83
IMF's World Economic Outlook- Highlights ................................................................................................................................. 84
NSO Data on Retail Inflation and IIP .............................................................................................................................................. 84
MHA begins tripartite talks with Gorkhas and WB ..................................................................................................................... 85
Draft Regional Plan-2041 approved ................................................................................................................................................ 85
Gati Shakti National Master Plan- Key Facts ................................................................................................................................ 86
UN Biodiversity Summit begins in China ....................................................................................................................................... 87
India at 3rd position in RE Investment attractiveness index ....................................................................................................... 87
India's Plastic Waste Recycling Targets .......................................................................................................................................... 88
Maritime Exercise Malabar Phase II ................................................................................................................................................ 88
New rules for allowing abortion till 24 weeks .............................................................................................................................. 89
What is Climate Resilience Information System and Planning Tool? ...................................................................................... 90
October 13: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction ....................................................................................................... 90
October 15, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
Home Ministry enhances powers of BSF ........................................................................................................................................ 91
What is Northern Ireland Protocol? ................................................................................................................................................. 91
China sets up $233 million Kunming Biodiversity fund .............................................................................................................. 92
Govt launches 'One Health Consortium' ........................................................................................................................................ 92
India to pilot 1000 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) ........................................................................................... 93
Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................... 93
PLI scheme for telecom products launched ................................................................................................................................... 94
Global Hunger Index: India at 101st rank ....................................................................................................................................... 95
MyParkings app- Highlights .............................................................................................................................................................. 95

Defence Minister addresses 'SCO seminar onPhysica Role Classes | [email protected] |

of Women in Armed Forces' ............................................................... 96
China-Russia ‘Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise’ ................................................................................................................................. 96
India re-elected to UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24 .................................................................................................... 97
AIIMS launches ‘Healthy Smile’ Mobile App ................................................................................................................................ 97
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Note: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 128

News Headlines
October 1, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for October 1, 2021
INDIA
– PM lays foundations of four District Medical Colleges at Sirohi, Hanumangarh, Banswara and
Dausa in Rajasthan; inaugurates CIPET (Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering &
Technology) Jaipur
– Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Minister Giriraj Singh launches People’s Plan
Campaign-2021- Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas and Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard
– All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) develops immunity boosting ‘Bal Raksha Kit’ for children up
to the age of 16
– Border incidents with China will continue till boundary agreement is reached: Army Chief General
Manoj Naravane
– India to enhance Lorros (Long-Range Reconnaissance and Observation System) at China, Pakistan
borders
– India, Australia sign ‘Terms of Reference’ for navy to navy talks
– India-Australia undertakes 4th iteration of biennial maritime series ‘AUSINDEX’
– Nepal: Six schools reconstructed with Indian financial assistance inaugurated
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Cabinet gives nod to two Railway line doubling projects in MP and Gujarat; Doubling of Nimach-
Ratlam line in Madhya Pradesh and Rajkot-Kanalus line in Gujarat will cost over ₹1,000 crore each
– Govt keeps interest rates on small savings schemes unchanged for Q3FY22; Public Provident Fund
(PPF) and National Savings Certificate (NSC) will continue to carry an annual interest rate of 7.1 per
cent and 6.8 per cent, respectively
– No automatic recurring payment for various services including recharge and utility bill; additional
factor of authentication (AFA) will become mandatory from October 1
– Union Labour and Employment Minister Bhupender Yadav launches DigiSaksham, a digital skills
programme to enhance the employability of youth
– Eight core sectors’ output accelerates to 11.6% in August: Govt data
– NITI Aayog, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Intel to set up experience studio at the NITI Aayog
Frontier Technologies Cloud Innovation Center (CIC) in New Delhi
– NITI Aayog Launches Report on Best Practices in the Performance of District Hospitals
– USIBC to present Global Leadership Award to Shiv Nadar of HCL Technologies and Mallika
Srinivasan of Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE)
– Bangladesh: ONGC Videsh begins exploratory drilling in Kanchan #1 well
– Assam Cabinet approves Rs 1800 crore to provide relief to around 11 lakhs micro finance
borrowers
– Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) approves $356.67-million loan for the expansion of the
Chennai metro rail system
– E. R. Sheikh assumes charge as first Director General of the Ordnance Directorate
WORLD
– US: Kilauea volcano erupts in Hawaii
– Ecuador: President Guillermo Lasso declares emergency in the prison system following killing of
116 people in Guayaquil
– International Translation Day celebrated on Sept 30
– World Maritime Day celebrated on Sept 30; theme: ‘Seafarers at the core of shipping’s future’
October 2, 2021
INDIA
– PM launches 2nd phase of Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U 2.0) and Atal Mission for
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT 2.0) with the aspiration to make all cities garbage
free and water secure.
– Chief Justice of India (CJI) N.V. Ramana for forming special panels led by HC CJs to probe plaints
against ‘atrocities’ by police, bureaucracy
– Union Minister Anurag Thakur launches month-long Clean India Programme at Prayagraj in UP
– India decides to impose ‘reciprocity,’ UK nationals arriving from UK required to undergo 10-day
quarantine irrespective of vaccination status
– Air Marshal Sandeep Singh takes charge as vice-chief of IAF
– Vice Admiral Adhir Arora takes charge as Chief Hydrographer to the Government of India
– Rajasthan bans sale, bursting of crackers from October 1 to January 31
– Govt approves release of Rs 7,274 crore to 23 states as central share of SDRF (State Disaster
Response Fund)
– Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu presents Vayoshreshtha Samman-2021 to senior citizens
– Vice President launches portals – SAGE (Seniorcare Aging Growth Engine) and SACRED (Senior
Able Citizens for Re-Employment in Dignity) on the occasion of the International Day of Older
Persons
– National Voluntary Blood Donation Day observed on October 1
– Chacha Chaudhary declared mascot for Namami Gange Programme
– CDS General Bipin Rawat meets his US counterpart General Mark Milley in Washington
– Dharmendra Pradhan, Union Minister for Education and Skill Development, addresses 5th East
Asia Summit (EAS) Education Ministers Meeting
– Union Minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar addresses 4th Annual Leadership Summit of USISPF (US-
India Strategic Partnership Forum)
– India, U.S. to set up joint working group in defence industrial security
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre doubles incentive on sugar sacrificed for producing ethanol from October 2021
– Foreign Exchange reserves down by $997 million to $638.646 billion in the week ended September
24
– Piramal Enterprises Ltd. (PEL) acquires bankrupt Dewan Housing Finance Corp. Ltd (DHFL), pays
₹14,700 cr. in cash
WORLD
– International Day of Older Persons observed on Oct 1; theme: Digital Equity for All Ages
SPORTS
– No overseas spectators allowed for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in February
October 3, 2021
INDIA
– India and Sri Lanka holding ‘Mitra Shakti’ military exercise in Ampara (SL) from Oct 4 to 15
– Uttarakhand: India-Nepal joint military exercise Surya Kiran-15 ends in Pithoragarh
– Ladakh: World’s largest khadi national flag, weighing 1,000 kg, unveiled in Leh
– Marta Lucia Ramirez de Rincn, Colombia’s Vice-President and Minister of Foreign Affairs, visits
India
– Centre for Policy Research, Delhi releases paper titled “India’s Path to Power: Strategy in a World
Adrift”
– Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav commences tiger rallies across 51 reserves; theme: “India
for Tigers- A Rally on Wheels”
– Under Jal Jeevan Mission, 50 mn houses got water connection since launch in 2019: PM Modi
– Pan-India Legal Awareness and Outreach Campaign of National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
inaugurated by President
– Amid tiff between Chirag Paswan, Pashupati Paras factions, EC freezes election symbol of Lok

Janshakti Party (LJP)
– India Today group announces winners of its Healthgiri Awards 21
– Kangana Ranaut becomes brand ambassador of UP govt’s ‘one district-one product’ (ODOP)
scheme
– Process of renunciation of Indian citizenship simplified
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Power and new & renewable energy minister R. K. Singh asks Tehri Hydro Development
Corporation Ltd (THDCIL) and North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Ltd (NEEPCO) to bid for
solar and wind projects
– UIDAI plans to open 166 standalone Aadhar enrolment and update centres
– Merchandise trade deficit jumps 675% to $22.94 billion in April-September 2021
– 9th Meeting of the India-UAE High Level Joint Task Force on Investments held in Dubai
WORLD
– Renovated Gandhi Museum was inaugurated at Gandhi Ashram Trust at Noakhali, Bangladesh
– Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte to retire from politics after his term ends in 2022
– International Day of Non-Violence observed on Oct 2; birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi
October 4, 2021
INDIA
– West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee wins Bhabanipur seat with a margin of 58, 832 votes
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Power Ministry promulgates Electricity Rules 2021 to regulate Transmission System Planning,
Development & Recovery of Inter-State Transmission Charges
WORLD
– 7th G-20 Parliamentary Speakers Summit to be held in Rome, Italy on October 7-8; Lok Sabha
Speaker Om Birla, Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman Harivansh to participate
– Sri Lanka: Indian Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla visits oil storage facility in port
district of Trincomalee
– Qatar: Results of first legislative council election announced, no female candidates elected
October 5, 2021
INDIA
– Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya launches delivery of COVID-19 vaccine by drone in Bishnupur
district of Manipur
– Defence Ministry launches website (www.indianrdc.mod.gov.in) for 2022 Republic Day
Celebrations
– Meghalaya: Vice-President lays foundation for upgrading a road that connects capital Shillong with
Dawki town
– Assam: Vice President inaugurates Mahabahu Brahmaputra River Heritage Centre in Guwahati
– “Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah” actor Ghanashyam Nayak dies
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Reserve Bank supersedes boards of Srei Infrastructure, Srei Equipment Finance
– SBI and Indian Navy launch SBI’s NAV-eCash card onboard aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya
– 40th India International Trade Fair 2021 to be organised by the India Trade Promotion
Organisation (ITPO) from November 14-27 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi; theme: “Atmanirbhar
Bharat”
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh presents awards to winners of ‘Dare to Dream 2.0’ Contest of
DRDO

WORLD
– US-based scientists David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or
medicine for their discovery of the receptors that allow humans to feel temperature and touch
– World Animal Day celebrated on October 4; marks the feast day of Saint Francis of Assisi, the
patron saint of animals
– World Habitat Day celebrated on October 4, theme: Accelerating urban action for a carbon-free
world
– World Space Week being celebrated from October 4 to 10; theme: “Women in Space”
– Russia tests Tsirkon (Zircon) hypersonic cruise missile from a submarine for the 1st time
– Oman: Death toll from Cyclone Shaheen rises to 5
– Japan’s parliament elects Fumio Kishida as new Prime Minister
– Ethiopia: PM Abiy Ahmed sworn in for second five-year term
– Small plane crashes into an empty building in Milan; All eight people on board killed
SPORTS
– Kenya’s Joyciline Jepkosgei (women’s) and Ethiopia’s Sisay Lemma (men’s) win races at London
Marathon
– Asian table tennis championships in Doha: South Korea (men’s) and Japan (women’s) win gold in
team events; India gets bronze in men’s team
– Asian table tennis championships in Doha: India win two bronze medals in men’s doubles
– Russia win FIDE World women’s team chess title in Spain
– FC Goa beat Mohammedan Sporting in final 1-0 to win Durand Cup football title in Kolkata
October 6, 2021
INDIA
– PM hands over keys to 75,000 beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban (PMAY-U) in
UP
– PM inaugurates ‘Azadi@75 -New Urban India: Transforming Urban Landscape’ conference-cum-
expo in Lucknow
– Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya releases UNICEF ‘s global flagship publication: “The State of
the World’s Children 2021; On My Mind: promoting, protecting and caring for children’s mental
health”
– Health Ministry launches ‘Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week’ from October 5 to 10
– Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla calls on Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa in
Colombo
– 5th edition of India–Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise to be held in Arabian Sea from Oct 6 to 8
– EC allots names, symbols to LJP (Lok Janshakti Party) factions led by Lok Sabha member Chirag
Paswan and Union Minister Pashupati Kumar Paras
– Shakti Sinha, former bureaucrat who was also the Private Secretary to former Prime Minister Atal
Bihari Vajpayee, dies
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– National Health Authority (NHA) rates of procedures under AB PM-JAY (Ayushman
Bharat¬–Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana), black fungus management added under scheme
– Cars older than 15 yrs: Owners to shell out 8 times more for renewal of registration from Apr 2022
– First consignment of GI (Geographical Identification) tagged sweet dish Mihidana from West
Bengal exported to Bahrain
WORLD
– Nobel Prize for physics awarded to scientists from Japan (Syukuro Manabe), Germany (Klaus
Hasselmann) and Italy (Giorgio Parisi) for work on complex physical systems
– WTO estimates global merchandise trade volume growth at 10.8% in 2021
– World Teachers’ Day celebrated on October 5; theme: “Teachers at the heart of education

recovery”
– Interpol launches online cyber security awareness campaign from Oct 4 to 22 on social media
October 7, 2021
SVAMITVA
– PM distributes e-property cards to 1,71,000 beneficiaries under the SVAMITVA scheme in MP
– SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas) Yojna
– SVAMITVA Yojana aims at establishment of clear ownership of property in rural areas by mapping
of land parcels and providing ‘record of rights’ to eligible households by issuing legal ownership
cards to them
INDIA
– 75 Science Technology and Innovation Hubs to be set up in different parts of the country: Union
Minister for Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh
– Govt. offers reward for rescuing road crash victims and rushing them to a hospital within the
golden hour
– Veteran actor Arvind Trivedi, known for portraying the role of Ravana in Ramanand Sagar’s
‘Ramayan’ dies at 82 in Mumbai; was Lok Sabha MP from Sabarkantha (Gujarat) in 1991-96
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. notifies 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) under automatic route in the telecom services
sector
– Cabinet approves Rs 4,445-cr PM MITRA (PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel) Yojana
to set up 7 mega textile parks
– GST of 18% applicable on ice creams not 5% from here on: government tells taxmen
– Nearly 52,000 apprentices hired in Skill India’s ‘National Apprenticeship Mela’ 2021 organised by
Skill India
– Cabinet approves bonus equal to 78 days’ wage for over 11 lakh non-gazetted railway employees
– Assam govt. launches App Fishwaale, India’s first e-fish market
WORLD
– Nobel Chemistry Prize awarded jointly to Germany’s Benjamin List and David WC MacMillan of US
for ‘developing a new way for building molecules known as asymmetric organocatalysis’
– Pakistan Army transfers Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Chief Lt. Gen. General Faiz Hameed;
appoints him Peshawar Corps Commander
– Romanian government falls after a no-confidence vote; PM Florin Citu resigns
October 8, 2021
INDIA
– PM inaugurates 35 PSA (pressure swing adsorption) oxygen plants established under PM CARES
fund
– Lakhimpur Kheri violence of Oct 3: Supreme Court tells U.P. to file status report in 24 hours
– Lok Adalat has no jurisdiction to decide matter on merits if no compromise between parties: SC
– Government asks Supreme Court to set norms for quota in promotions
– SC allows girls to take entrance exam for admission in Rashtriya Indian Military College in
December
– Supreme Court questions ₹8 lakh income limit for EWS (Economically Weaker Sections) quota
– India, Nepal to conduct joint patrols for controlling trans-border crime
– India joins High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People that aims to protect 30% of the
Earth by 2030
– Passenger gives birth to boy mid-air in Air India’s London-Kochi flight on Oct 5
– India to allow foreign tourists travelling by chartered flights from Oct 15
– Railways extends Covid guidelines, Rs 500 fine on passengers without masks
– Vallilath Madhathil Madhavan Nair, the oldest living former diplomat of India, dies at 102
– US-India Business Council (USIBC) India Ideas Summit held
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Fitch cuts India’s FY22 GDP forecast to 8.7%, but pegs FY23 growth at 10%
– World Bank leaves India’s 2021-22 growth projection unchanged at 8.3% from June forecast
– Centre releases Rs 40,000 crore to states/UTs to meet GST compensation shortfall
– Reliance Industries Ltd. Chairman Mukesh Ambani tops Forbes India rich list with $92 billion net
worth
WORLD
– Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah awarded 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature
– World Health Organization (WHO) approves first anti-malarial vaccine ‘RTS,S’
– Online meeting for conservation of migratory birds in Central Asian Flyway held
– First World Cotton day observed on October 7
– World food prices rise for 2nd consecutive month, hit 10-year peak: FAO
– Pakistan: 22 killed, over 300 injured in earthquake in Balochistan province
SPORTS
– World Wrestling Championships in Oslo, Norway: Anshu Malik wins silver in women’s 57kg; Sarita
Mor wins bronze in women’s 59kg
October 11, 2021
INDIA
– No UK quarantine for Covishield vaccinated Indians from October 11
– UPSC selects 31 specialists from private sector for senior level posts in central govt
– Armies of India and UK conducting ‘Ajeya Warrior’ exercise at Chaubatia, Uttarakhand
– India and Japan conduct bilateral maritime exercise in the Arabian Sea
– Indian Air Force Day celebrated on Oct 8; IAF motto: ‘Nabha Sparsham Deeptham’ (Touch the sky
with glory)
MONETARY POLICY REVIEW
– Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) six-member monetary policy committee (MPC) keeps rates
unchanged in its bi-monetary monetary policy review
– The MPC voted 5-1 to retain the accommodative stance
– Repo rate, reverse repo rate maintained at 4% and 3.35% respectively
– RBI maintained the 2021-22 GDP growth forecast at 9.5%
– CPI (Consumer Price Index) inflation is projected at 5.3% for 2021-22
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– RBI to introduce Internal Ombudsman Scheme (IOS) for NBFCs having a higher customer interface
– IMPS (Immediate Payment Service) limit to be increased from Rs 2 lakh to Rs 5 lakh: RBI
– K V Subramanian steps down as Chief Economic Adviser after a 3-year tenure
– Foreign exchange reserves decline by USD 1.169 billion to stand at USD 637.477 billion in the
week ended October 1
– Dedicated corridors & hubs: Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia announces new helicopter
policy
WORLD
– Journalists Maria Ressa (Philippines) & Dmitry Muratov (Russia) awarded 2021 Nobel Peace Prize
– 136 countries sign agree on a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% on MNC tech firms such
as Facebook, Google, Netflix, Microsoft
– U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) sets up China Mission Center to address the challenge
China poses
– Pakistan: Lt. Gen. Nadeem Anjum appointed new Chief of spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence
(ISI)

– Google to prohibit ads and content that denies the existence and causes of climate change
– World Migratory Bird Day being celebrated on Oct 9; theme: “Sing, Fly, Soar – Like a Bird!”
– World Post Day being celebrated on Oct 9; marks establishment of UPU (Universal Postal Union) in
1874 in the Swiss Capital, Berne
– IMF MD Kristalina Georgieva denies role in data-rigging at World Bank when she was CEO there in
2017-2019
October 11, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi, Denmark’s PM Mette Frederiksen hold bilateral talks in New Delhi
– Eight judges elevated as chief justices of various high courts
– Mental Health Awareness Week being celebrated from Oct 5 to 10
– NMCG (National Mission of Clean Ganga) & WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) Institute sign
MoU for capacity building In Faecal Sludge & Septage Management
– New version of the song ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’ launched by Darshana Jardosh, Minister of State
for Railways and Textiles; prepared and sung by all Railway employees & officers
– Chaitanya Tamhane wins award for best screenplay for ‘The Disciple’ (Marathi) at Asian Film
Awards in Busan, South Korea
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Tata Sons group wins bid for acquiring Air India for Rs 18,000 crore
– 3rd India – UK Energy for Growth Partnership – Ministerial Energy Dialogue held
– Maharashtra: Sindhudurg airport in Konkan region starts commercial operations
– Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal launches ‘MyPortApp’ for digital monitoring of port
operations
WORLD
– UN Human Rights Council in Geneva recognises access to a clean and healthy environment as a
fundamental right
– Abolhassan Banisadr, Iran’s first president after 1979 revolution, dies at 88
October 11, 2021
INDIA
– Navies of India, US, Japan and Australia to conduct 2nd phase of Maritime Exercise Malabar in Bay
of Bengal from Oct 12 to 15
– IFS (Indian Foreign Service) Day celebrated on October 9
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre imposes stock limits on edible oils to soften prices in domestic market
– Telecom Secretary inaugurates Quantum Communication Lab at C-DoT
– Railways launch two long haul freight trains ‘Trishul’, ‘Garuda’
WORLD
– World Mental Health Day observed on October 10; theme: ‘Mental health care for all: let’s make it
a reality’
– Austria: Sebastian Kurz steps down as Chancellor over corruption allegations
– Abdul Qadeer Khan, India-born father of Pakistan’s nuclear programme, dies at 85 in Islamabad
– Pulitzer-winning scholar Martin J Sherwin dies in US at 84
– 16 killed after aircraft carrying parachutists crashed in Russia
SPORTS
– Youth Affairs and Sports Minister Anurag Thakur launches Delhi Hockey Weekend League 2021-22
at the Major Dhyanchand National Stadium

October 12, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi, Boris Johnson connect to discuss vaccine certification, trade, climate
– As the Special Envoy of Prime Minister, Minister of State for External Affairs Meenakshi Lekhi
addresses High-Level Meeting to mark the 60th Anniversary of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in
Belgrade, Serbia
– NeGD (National e-Governance Division) and UN Women India organise webinar on “Cyber Safety
for Women and Girls”
– J&K: Union MoS for I&B Dr L Murugan inaugurates Prasar Bharati Auditorium in Srinagar
– Union Minister Giriraj Singh inaugurates training program on Sandalwood Farming &
Management of its health
– Uttarakhand: Transport Minister Yashpal Arya quits BJP; joins Congress with his MLA son Sanjeev
– India, China fail to resolve Ladakh issues at 13th round of military talks
– J&K: Five Army personnel martyred during counter-terrorist operation in Poonch sector
– Noted Kannada film actor Sathyajith dies in Bengaluru at the age of 72
– Veteran Malayalam actor Nedumudi Venu passes away at 73
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– PM Modi launches Indian Space Association which will act as the premier body for space and
satellite companies in the country
– International Energy Agency invites India to become full-time member: Hardeep Singh Puri
– APEDA signs MoU with ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur for boosting exports of
citrus and its valued-added products.
– India Post celebrates Banking Day as part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav; MoS Devusinh Chauhan
releases special cover on Muga Silk
– India gets 3rd set of Swiss bank details under automatic exchange of information pact with
Switzerland,
– India agrees to $200 mn Line of Credit to support projects in Kyrgyzstan during Bishkek visit of
External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar
– Govt. issues a letter of intent (LoI) confirming the sale of its 100 per cent stake in loss-making Air
India to Tata Group for Rs 18,000 crore
– RBI issues revised operational guidelines on on-tap SLTRO (special long-term repo operations)
scheme for SFBs
– MG Motor India launches SUV Astor with prices starting from Rs 9.78
WORLD
– Three US-based economists — David Card, Joshua Angrist & Guido Imbens — win 2021 Nobel Prize
for Economics; The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the three have ‘completely reshaped
empirical work in the economic sciences’
– Austria: Alexander Schellenberg appointed new Chancellor
– International Day of the Girl Child observed on Oct 11; theme: “My Voice, Our Equal Future”
October 13, 2021
INDIA
– Union Cabinet approves affiliation of 100 Schools in Government and private sector with Sainik
School Society
– PM Modi participates in G20 Extraordinary Summit on Afghanistan hosted by Italy
– Commerce & Industry Minister Piyush Goyal participates in G20 Trade Ministers Meeting in
Sorrento, Italy
– Former higher education secretary Amit Khare appointed as advisor to PM
– IFFCO chairman Balvinder Singh Nakai passes away at 87

ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. removes restrictions on domestic flights, allows to operate at 100% capacity from Oct 18
– Govt. accords ‘Maharatna’ status to PSU Power Finance Corporation (PFC)
– Indian economy to grow at 9.5% in 2021, 8.5% in 2022: IMF
– Industrial production grows 11.9% in August
– Consumer Price Index-based (retail) inflation declines to 4.35% in September
WORLD
– Iraq: Cleric Moqtada al-Sadr’s party ‘biggest winner’ in parliamentary election
– Iran kicks off annual air defence drill dubbed “Velyat”
– S. Jaishankar meets his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov in Nursultan, Kazakhstan
– World Arthritis Day celebrated on Oct 12; theme: “Don’t delay, connect today: Time2work”
– Holocaust survivor and writer Eddie Jaku dies in Sydney at 101
October 14, 2021
INDIA
– Centre notifies new rules that allow abortion till 24 weeks of pregnancy for certain categories of
women
– Govt. withdraws travel advisory that added Covid checks, restrictions on those arriving from UK
– EAM Jaishankar meets his Armenian counterpart Ararat Mirzoyan, calls on Prime Minister Nikol
Pashinyan in capital Yerevan
– Indian Army chief Gen M. M. Naravane meets Sri Lanka’s top military leadership in Colombo
– Veteran Tamil actor Srikanth dies in Chennai at the age of 82
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. announced subsidy of Rs 28,655 crore on phosphatic and potassic fertilisers for October-
March
– PM launches PM Gati Shakti – National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity that aims to
develop infrastructure to reduce logistic costs and boost the economy
– PM inaugurates the New Exhibition Complex at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi
– Govt scraps basic customs duty on crude palm, soya, sunflower oil to cool down cooking oil prices
– India retains 3rd rank (behind China and US) in the Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness
Index released by consultancy firm EY
– NCR (National Capital Region) Planning Board approves Draft Regional Plan-2041 paving the way
for a future-ready, slum-free NCR
– Climate Resilience Information System and Planning (CRISP-M) tool for Mahatma Gandhi NREG
Scheme launched by Union Minister Giriraj Singh
– World Steel Association elects JSW Steel’s CMD Sajjan Jindal as Chairman
WORLD
– China sets up $233 million Kunming biodiversity fund to protect biodiversity in developing
countries
– Sixth Ministerial Meeting of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in
Asia (CICA) organised in Kazakhstan’s capital Nur-Sultan
– $4 trillion required in clean energy investment to limit global warming: IEA
– International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction observed on October 13
October 15, 2021
INDIA
– Home Ministry enhances BSF’s powers to “arrest, search and seize” near international boundary
– AIIMS launches ‘Healthy Smile’ mobile app for oral hygiene awareness among children
– Department of Biotechnology launches ‘One Health’ project for surveillance of important bacterial,
viral and parasitic infections
– Defence Minister presides over breakthrough blast of main tube of Sela Tunnel in Arunachal
Pradesh
– Online booking of community halls of Cantonment Boards made live on eChhawani portal
– DRDO Chairman Dr G Satheesh Reddy lays foundation stone for construction of the Kalam Centre
for Science and Technology (KCST) in the campus of Central University of Jammu. Reddy
– Home Minister Amit Shah lays foundation of 3rd Campus of the National Forensic Science
University (NFSU) at Dharbandoda, Goa
– Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Thakur launches MyParkings app of South Delhi
Municipal Corporation
– India gets re-elected to UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24 term
– Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) General Manoj Mukund Naravane calls on Sri Lankan President
Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa in Colombo
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh addresses Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) seminar on
the role of women in the armed forces
– India resumes COVID-19 vaccine export; vaccines sent to Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Iran
– Armies of India and USA holding exercise “Yudh Abhyas” in Alaska from October 15 to 29
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. approves launch of 1000 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) as a pilot project
– WPI (Wholesale Price Index) inflation at 6-month low of 10.66% in September
– Railways to set up 500 multi-modal cargo terminals under Gati-Shakti scheme says Railways
Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw
– Govt notifies rules to settle Vodafone retrospective tax case
– UCO Bank MD & CEO A. K. Goel elected Chairman of Indian Banks’ Association for 2021-22
– Navrang Saini given additional charge as Chairperson of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of
India (IBBI)
– RBI clears re-appointment of Amitabh Chaudhry as MD & CEO of Axis Bank
– PNB Housing Finance (PNB HFC) scraps Rs 4K-crore deal with Carlyle-led group of investors
– BPCL launches automated fuelling technology “UFill” for customers
WORLD
– India 101st on Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2021 of 116 countries; GHI launched by Irish aid agency
Concern Worldwide and German NGO Welt Hunger Hilfe
– WHO forms scientific advisory group to identify Covid-19 origin, other future outbreaks
– World Bank Group President David Malpass highlights ‘tragic reversal’ in development amid
pandemic
– G7 finance ministers and central bankers endorse principles for central bank digital currencies
– G20 finance ministers and central bank governors endorse global deal to revamp corporate
taxation
– 46 people killed in a fire incident in Kaohsiung city of Taiwan
– China and Russia holding ‘Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise’ in Peter the Great Gulf in Russia
– Philippines: 19 killed in landslides and flash floods triggered by tropical storm Kompasu
– William Shatner (90) becomes the oldest person to fly into space on ‘New Shepard’ space capsule
of Blue Origin from Texas (US)
October 1, 2021
Manipur: Festival of Dance and Music "Nata Sankirtana"
“Nata-Sankirtana” festival was started at the Mandap of Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy
(JNMDA), Imphal, from September 30, 2021.
Highlights
The festival is a three-day festival of Dance and Music.
It is the annual features of the Academy’s activities.

Manipur is known for its rich culture and tradition inherited from forefathers and Sports. Thus, to
protect and promote the culture and tradition for the future generations government is taking up
several activities in the state.
The government is also monitoring the income generation and employment generation for
unemployed youths and taking up several schemes like ‘start up’.
Different sessions of the festival
Inaugural session of the Nata Sankirtana was attended by artistes from different organizations of
Nata Sankirtana, students of JNMDA as well as gurus & other eminent personalities.
On the first day of festival, students of JNMDA showcased Nata Sankirtana called Sheihou while
artiste of Prachaya Nata Sankirtana Samaj, Khurai Thangjam Leikai, Imphal showcased Nata
Sankirtana called Sheisin.
Second day of the festival will mark the performance by artiste of Public Theatre Artiste Association
in Phoijing, Nambol. They will perform Nata Sankirtana ( Sheihou). On the other hand, artiste of Indra
Kala Bhavan from Moirang will perform Nata Sankirtana (Sheisin).
Last day of the festival will be marked by performance of artiste from Nata Sangeet Academy &
Research Centre, Yaiskul Janmasthan, Imphal. They will perform Nata Sankirtana (Sheihou).
Nata Sankirtana
In classical Ragas, Nata sankirtana is a hymn of lord Krishna that synthesizes seevral indigenous rhythms.
Sankirtana follows a strict code in its performance with rhythms pattern and costumes that are determined
by specific rules & regulation. Sankirtana is performed to mark important occasions in person’s life such as
from birth to death. UNESCO had recognized Manipur Nata Sankirtana in 2013.
NABARD approves credit plan for rearing Yak Husbandry
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) approved a credit plan on September 28,
2021 for yak husbandry in Arunachal Pradesh.
Key facts
This credit plan for yak husbandry will help herders in securing loans for strengthening their
livelihoods.
This scheme was developed by “National Research Centre on Yak (NRCY)” located at Dirang in West
Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
NRCY works under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Significance of the scheme
The credit plan started by NABARD for yak husbandry was found to be feasible in extending advances with
the held commercial banks. The credit plan by NABARD has been included in potential linked credit plans
(PLCP) of Tawang, West Kameng and Shi Yomi districts of Arunachal Pradesh. This credit plan will boost
the livelihood of herders in the state.
About Yak
Yak is one among the most prized animals in Himalayan region because of its multifarious roles in
strengthening nutritional security by providing milk and meat. The animal also provides shelter and clothing
through its fibres. It is also used as a beast of burden.
Concerns with Yak Population
In past few decades country has witnessed a decline in Yak population. Yak population has declined
because of inbreeding and unscientific farming practices. Furthermore, the disillusionment of younger
generation because of hardship of yak rearing is one of the major reasons of mass desertions from Yak
rearing occupation. The credit scheme by NABARD will help in curbing the reducing trend of yak population.
Credit plan will also facilitate profitable farming by promoting entrepreneurship.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award 2021
India’s highest science award called “Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award 2021” was presented to the 11
scientists on the occasion of 80th foundation day of Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR).
Key Facts
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) award has been named after the founder & Director of CSIR, late Dr
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar.
This award has christened as ‘Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize for Science and Technology’.
It is given to scientist for their outstanding contributions to science and technology, every year.
Recipients of award in 2021
In the year 2021, the recipients of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize for Science and Technology are:
1. Amit Singh from Indian institute of science, Bengaluru, in Biological Sciences category.
2. Arun Kumar Shukla from Indian institute of Technology Kanpur, in Biological science category.
3. Dr Kanishka Biswas in Chemical Sciences category. She is from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
Advanced Scientific Research in Bengaluru
4. Dr T Govindaraju from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, in the
category of Chemical Sciences.
5. Dr Binoy Kumar Saikia in “Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences”.
6. Dr Debdeep Mukhopadhyay in Engineering Sciences.
7. Dr Anish Ghosh and Dr Saket Saurabh in Mathematical Sciences.
8. Dr Jeemon Panniyammakal in Medical Sciences
9. Dr Rohit Srivastava
10. Dr Kanak Saha in Physical Sciences.
Purpose of the award
This award is presented to recognise outstanding Indian work in science and technology.
About the SSB prize
The SSB Prizes are awarded for notable and outstanding research, annually. The prizes comprise of Rs
5,00,000. It is presented in the categories of Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering science,
Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Medical
Sciences.
2021 Yidan Prize
India-based Dr Rukmini Banerji was awarded with the 2021 Yidan prize on September 28, 2021.
Key Points
Award was presented to her by Yidan Prize Foundation.
Apart from her, US-based Professor Eric Hanushek was also conferred with the prestigious Yidan
Prize 2021.
Both have been awarded the Yidan Prize for recognition of their ground-breaking work that addresses
a crucial piece of education puzzle called “improving quality of education as well as outcomes for
learners at scale”.
Both of them will join nine laureates who have been awarded the Yidan Prize since 2016.
Cash Prize
Both the persons will receive HK$30 million which is equal to approximately US$3.9 million. The money
includes HK$15 million cash prize and a project fund of HK$15 million, from the Foundation.
Dr Rukmini Banerji
He is the Chief Executive Officer of ‘Pratham Education Foundation’. She was awarded the 2021 Yidan Prize
for Education Development. Award recognises her work in improving learning outcomes. He also pioneered

the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) assessment approach, revealing literacy and numeracy gaps
among children in India. To bridge these gaps, they started “Teaching at the Right Level” (TaRL) program
which works with schools and local communities in order to provide basic reading and arithmetic skills.
This programme ensures that no children are left behind.
About Yidan Prize
Yidan prize was established by Yidan prize Foundation in 2016. Yidan Prize Foundation is a global
philanthropic education foundation, inspiring progress and change in education. It is is an education award,
recognizing individuals, or up to three-member teams, who have contributed towards education research &
development. It aims to progress learning by means of building a global community that is committed
towards advancing ideas in education.
Digi Saksham programme - Key Facts
On September 30, 2021, Digi Saksham Programme was launched by the Union Labour and Employment
Minister Bhupender Yadav.
Key Facts
This digital skills programme was launched with the objective of enhance the employability of youth
by improving their digital skills which has become an essential thing in increasingly technology driven
era.
Digi Saksham is a joint initiative of Microsoft India and Ministry of Labour and Employment.
It is an extension of the government’s ongoing programmes of supporting youth from rural & semi-
urban areas.
Programme will be implemented in the field by “Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India (AKRSP-I)”.
Training to youth
Under the DigiSaksham initiative, free of cost training will be provided to more than 3 lakh youth, in digital
skills including basic skills & advance computing, in the first year. This training programme can be
accessed through the National Career Service (NCS) Portal. The initiative gives priority to the job-seekers
from semi urban areas who belongs to disadvantaged communities as well as who have lost their jobs
amidst ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.
Types of Training
Digi Saksham initiative comprises of three types of training viz.,
1. Digital Skills self-paced learning
2. VILT mode training (virtual instructor led) and
3. ILT mode training (instructor led)- ILT training is in person training and would be conducted for SCs &
STs in India, at the Model Career Centres (MCCs) and National Career Service Centres (NCSC).
In what areas training would be provided?
Under the initiative, training would be provided in areas such as Java Script, Data Visualisation, Power Bi,
Advance Excel, HTML, software development fundamentals, programming languages, introduction to coding
etc.
UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2021
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published its “UNCTAD Digital Economy
Report 2021, recently.
Key Findings of report
In its report, UNCTAD noted the Philippines as one among six countries that allows free flow of data
across borders. Free flow of data is required to boost the digital economy.
Other five countries allowing free-flow of data across border include- Canada, Australia, Mexico,
Singapore and the United States. These countries use “light-touch approach” for data flow.

Light-touch approach
Light-touch approach is mostly favoured by countries having strong regulatory environments and sufficient
regulatory resources in order to monitor compliance of domestic laws. As per report, Philippines’s use of
light-touch approach is towards its “dependence” on the outsourcing industry, which is the major economic
growth drivers in the country.
Counties following restrictive or Guarded approach
The “restrictive” or “guarded” approach for cross-border data flows is followed by countries like India,
China, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Rwanda, Russian Federation, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and
Vietnam.
UNCTAD recommendations
UNCTAD recommends that the global community should enable free flow of digital data across the
borders. It suggests to make an international framework in order to allow such activities. New
approach should:
1. Facilitate “worldwide data sharing,
2. Develop global digital public goods,
3. Increase trust and
4. Reduce uncertainty in the digital economy.
As per UNCTAD, no global framework would mean added burden in protecting the privacy for private
sector as well as government use of data.
Thus, a new regulatory framework is required that factors in both economic and non-economic
dimensions.
PM launches Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 and AMRUT 2.0
On October 1, 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 (SBM-U
2.0) along with the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0 (AMTUT 2.0). These
schemes were launched at Dr. Ambedkar International Centre in New Delhi.
Key Points
Both the schemes, SBM-U 2.0 and AMRUT 2.0, are in line with the vision of PM Narendra Modi.
These schemes are designed to realize the aspiration of making all cities Garbage Free and Water
Secure.
Both of the missions signify a step forward to effectively address the challenges of rapidly urbanizing
India.
It will also help in achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2030 targets.
Significance of the schemes
In the past 6-7 years, Swachh Bharat as well as AMRUT Missions have brought transformative changes in
the lives of people. Both the missions have improved the urban landscape in India by adopting a scientific
approach.
AMRUT 2.0 mission
AMRUT 2.0 mission will help in making cities self-reliant. It will ensure water security across the cities. This
mission has been launched with the aim of providing 100 percent coverage of water supply to all
households in 4,700 urban local bodies. This target will be achieved by providing 2.68 crore tap connections
and 100% coverage of sewerage across 500 AMRUT cities. An outlay of Rs 2.87 lakh crore has been
sanctioned for this mission.
SBM-U 2.0
SBM-U 2.0 mission seeks to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’. It also seeks to ensure grey and black water
management across the cities that are not covered under AMRUT. Mission will focus on source segregation

of solid waste by utilizing the principles of 3Rs that is “Reduce, reuse, recycle”. An outlay of Rs 1.41 lakh
crore has been sanctioned for SBM-U 2.0.
NITI Aayog: Assessment report of District hospitals
According to the “Assessment report of District Hospitals” by NITI Aayog, a district hospital in India has 24
beds per 1 lakh population, on an average.
Key Findings
NITI Aayog’s study called “Best Practices in the Performance of District Hospitals” was released on
September 30, 2021.
This report was prepared, after assessing 707 hospitals across 36 states and Union Territories in
2018-19.
As per study, Bihar is having the lowest average of number of six beds per 1 lakh population.
Puducherry is having the highest number of 222 beds per one lakh population.
District hospitals in India is having a range of 1 to 408 beds per 1 lakh population.
In 217 district hospitals, there have at least 22 beds for every 1 lakh population.
In 15 states and UTs, the average number of beds in a district hospital was lower than what
recommended by the IPHS 2012 guidelines. These states include- Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh,
Telangana, Haryana Maharashtra, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, West
Bengal, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
Standard number of beds
According to Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) 2012 guidelines, there should be at least 22 beds per
one lakh population in district hospitals. This figure is based on district population average of 2001 Census.
Significance of the study
The findings of the report are significant because it was conducted just before the outbreak of Covid-19
pandemic. Findings of the report mean that when India faced the pandemic, public health infrastructure
across the nation including at district level, was not adequate.
Giriraj Singh launches People's Plan Campaign 2021
Union Minister for Panchayati Raj & Rural Development, Giriraj Singh, launched “People’s Plan Campaign
2021- Sabki Yojana Sabka Vikas” on September 30, 2021.
Highlights
He also launched a Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard on the occasion.
A booklet on People Plan Campaign-2021 was also released on order to prepare the plans for
Financial Year 2022-23.
Minister also launched the 10th issue of Gramoday Sankalp Magazine.
Need of accountable gram sabhas
According to the minister, there is an emergent need of meaningful & accountable Gram Sabhas as well as
proper utilisation of funds. There is also a need of raising own source revenues by Panchayats, bridging
digital divide in rural areas, use of innovation & technology, converging all the resources available under
several Flagship Programmes by Panchayati Raj Institutions etc.
About People’s plan campaign
People’s Plan Campaign 2021 will be conducted with better people’s participation.
Under the campaign, each activity will promote a sense of camaraderie and commitment in the
citizens towards a common goal of overall development of villages.
Campaign will be undertaken on a large scale and special efforts will be made in order to ensure
maximum participation of vulnerable sections of society such as SC/ST/Women.

Aim of Panchayat Development Plan
Panchayat Development plan aims to strengthen the role of elected representatives of Panchayats as well
as SHG Women under the DAY-NRLM in Gram Sabha.
Creation of assets
On the occasion, minister also suggested that, Panchayats should create assets from the allocated funds in
order to increase the income sources of Panchayats.
Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard
Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard was launched in order to help in increasing maximum participation by
means of meeting of Gram Sabha, meeting of elected Panchayat Public Representatives and Standing
Committee meeting of Gram Panchayat.
‘Bal Raksha Kit’- Things to Know
All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), under the AYUSH ministry, has developed “Bal Raksha Kit” which is an
immunity boosting kit.
Key Points
This kit was developed keeping the third wave of the coronavirus disease in mind.
This is an immunity booting kit, to protect the children up to the age of 16 from covid-19 infection till
the time a vaccine is developed for them.
On the occasion of National Ayurveda Day on November 2, 2021. About 10,000 kits will be distributed
free-of-cost.
Aim of the kit
This kit has been developed with the aim of amplifying the immunity of children in order to help them fight
against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that causes covid-19 disease.
Significance of the kit
This kit is significant because no Covid-19 vaccine available for the children in India yet.
Ingredients of the kit
Bal Raksha kit contains a syrup made up of basil, giloy, liquorice, cinnamon and dry grapes, which are have
amazing medicinal qualities. The kit also comprises of Annu oil, Sitopaladi and Chyawanprash. These
products help in boosting the immunity level with regular consumption.
Who prepared it?
This kit has been developed under the strict guidelines of ministry of Ayush while it was manufactured by
Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited (IMPCL) in Uttarakhand.
What other kit AIIA has developed?
Apart from Bal Raksha Kit, AIIA has previously developed ‘Swasthya Raksha Kit’, ‘Arogya Raksha Kit’ as well
as ‘Ayu Raksha Kit’.
AUSINDEX: 4th India-Australia biennial maritime series
India and Australia participated in the fourth iteration of the biennial maritime series called ‘AUSINDEX’ on
September 30, 2021.
Key Facts
This exercise will allow the Royal Australian Navy and Indian Navy in strengthening their “inter-
operability” by sharing the best practices.
It will also help in developing a ‘common understanding of procedures for maritime security
operations’.
AUSINDEX Maritime exercise are conducted in India and Australia alternatively.
The 4th edition is being conducted in the Northern Australia Exercise Area.
In the fourth edition, surface units of both countries will be included.

Units will exercise with HMAS Rankin, F-18 aircraft, Royal Australian Air Force P-8A, integral
helicopters of Australian & Indian Navy and Collins Class Australian Submarine.
This exercise is aligned to the 2020 Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between both the
countries.
Significance of the exercise
AUSINDEX maritime exercise provides an opportunity to showcase the ability of conducting ‘high-end
maritime warfare training’ with India. It also showcases a range of Australian Navy maritime capabilities.
Background
Indian and Australian Navy started conducting the bilateral maritime exercise called AUSUNDEX in 2015.
Over the years, the exercise ‘AUSINDEX’ has grown in complexity. Its third edition was conducted in the Bay
of Bengal in 2015. The exercises held in the Bay of Bengal, for the first time, included anti-submarine drills.
India-Australia Maritime Cooperation
India and Australia also conducted “Ex AUSTRA HIND” which is a bilateral Exercise between Armies of both
the countries as well as “EX PITCH BLACK” which is a multilateral air combat training exercise of Australia.
India-Australia inked ‘Terms of Reference’
India and Australia signed the terms of reference (ToR) on September 29, 2021 to conduct navy to navy
talks.
Highlights
ToR is the first such document, which was signed by the Indian Navy with any country.
Signing ceremony was held between Rear Admiral Jaswinder Singh of the Indian Navy and Rear
Admiral Christopher Smith from the Royal Australian Navy.
This ‘Joint Guidance’ document sets Navy to Navy talks as the principal medium of the bilateral
relationship.
Key facts about ToR
As per the pact, navy to navy talks will be conducted under the framework of ‘Joint Guidance for the
India-Australia Navy to Navy Relationship’.
This document will be significant in consolidating the shared commitment in order to promote
security, peace, stability and prosperity across the Indo-Pacific region.
Objective of ToR
The ToR sets out several broad objectives to achieve deeper mutual understanding, trust and transparency
in the bilateral talks. It also seeks to improve goodwill & understanding of each other’s concerns & future
directions. It will provide detailed guidance on “conduct of the talks” between both the countries. ToR also
provide flexibility over implementation of separate agreements on the basis of specific outcomes of the
talks.
Background
First ever Navy to Navy talks was held between both the countries in 2005. Since then, India & Australia has
come closer. ToR statement also highlighted the Mutual Logistic Support Agreement, Comprehensive
Strategic Partnership, conduct of trilateral Maritime Security Workshop as well as Exercise MALABAR as the
milestones of bilateral defence relations between India and Australia.
September 30: International Translation Day
International Translation Day was observed on September 30, honouring the work of Language specialists
who contributes significantly on developing the international understanding.
Key facts
The day is observed to mark the death of St. Jerome on September 30. He was a Bible translator, who
is regarded as “patron saint of linguists”

It is observed with the aim of raising awareness regarding the translation industry and languages
which play a significant role in the growth of society.
It also seeks to honour the efforts of language specialists.
According to United Nations, this day provides chance to honour the work of language specialists,
who significantly contributes towards developing international understanding, improving
communication & cooperation among countries.
Theme of the day
The International Translation Day 2021 was observed under the theme “United in translation.”
Background
This day was started being observed in 1953. Since then, it is being organised by “International Federation
of Translators (FIT)”. First formal celebration of the day was observed in 1991. In mat 2017, the United
Nations General Assembly (UNGA) enacted the Resolution 71/288 regarding the importance of language
experts in linking countries and encouraging peace, understanding, & advancement. UNGA designated
September 30 as International Translation Day with the resolution 71/288.
Who was St. Jerome?
St. Jerome was an Italian priest, living in north-eastern region of the country. He is most renowned for his
efforts of translating New Testament from its Greek manuscripts into Latin. He died on September 30, near
Bethlehem.
October 2, 2021
NITI Aayog: The State Nutrition Profile
NITI Aayog released its “State Nutrition Profile” report on October 1, 2021. In the report, nineteen States and
Union Territories received their nutrition profiles.
Highlights
The State Nutrition Profiles (SNPs) report comprises of a comprehensive compilation of crucial data that
can positively affect policy decisions and facilitate research in that area. It analyse data on wasting (low
weight-for-height), stunting, underweight, overweight and anaemia, besides diabetes and high blood
pressure.
ABOUT THE REPORT
The SNPs have been prepared by NITI Aayog in association with the UNICEF, International Food
Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Indian Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS), and the Institute of
Economic Growth (IEG).
It gives comprehensive idea regarding the nutrition outcomes, immediate & underlying determinants
and interventions on the basis of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-rounds 3, 4 and 5.
Outcomes under the report have been prepared on the basis of headcount analyses and it also uses
data from the NFHS-5 (2019-20).
Report highlights the best and worst performing districts, highest burden districts as well as top
coverage districts of the country.
It has incorporated key takeaways for children, women & men as well as identifies areas where the
state can improve further.
ABOUT IFPRI
IFPRI was founded in 1976 and it stands for “International Food Policy Research Institute”. It is a non-profit
international research centre with its headquarter in Washington DC, USA. It releases Global Food Policy
Report.
ABOUT NFHS
NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted throughout India, in a representative sample of

households. It is conducted by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in association with the International
Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) Mumbai. Till date, five rounds of survey have been conducted:
First Round of NFHS in 1992-93
Second Round of NFHS in 1998-99
Third Round of NFHS in 2005-06
Fourth Round of NFHS in 2015-16
Fifth Round of NFHS in 2018-19.
SACRED Portal made functional
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment operationalised the “SACRED portal” on the occasion of
International Day of Older Persons on October 1, 2021. Portal has been developed in order to provide a
platform for senior citizens in India seeking employment opportunities.
Highlights
This portal has been developed by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
SACRED stands for “Senior Able Citizens for Re-Employment in Dignity.
Portal has been developed with the aim of finding ways to ensure that Senior Citizens live a happy,
healthy, dignified, empowered and self-reliant life.
The Portal does not guarantee to provide a job or employment but will serve as an enabler for
stakeholders in order to meet and decider their course of action.
Who can register on the portal?
Citizens aged 60 and more can register on this portal and find jobs & work opportunities.
Funding for development of Portal
An amount of Rs. 10 crores were provided to fund the development of platform besides a maintenance
grant of Rs. 2 crores will be provided per year, over a period of 5 years.
What was the need?
Elderly population in India has been steadily increasing. As per Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI), by
2050, India will have more than 319 million elderlies. Furthermore, the joint family system is declining
gradually because of which elders are being exposed to lack of physical, social and financial support. Thus,
there is a need to provide a platform for their economic and health needs and to create an ecosystem
supporting their needs more holistically.
International Day of Older Persons
This day was observed on October 1, 2021 under the Theme- “Digital Equity for All Ages”. United Nations
General Assembly has also declared 2021-2030 the “Decade of Healthy Aging”.
IFSCA sets up Expert Committee on Sustainable Finance
International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has constituted an Expert Committee in a bid to
recommend approach towards development of Sustainable Finance Hub.
Key Points
The expert committee is being chaired by C.K. Mishra, Former Secretary to the “Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate Change”.
In all, committee has 10-members, who will recommend ways to develop a sustainable financial hub.
Committee comprise of leaders from the sustainable finance sector, including international agencies,
funds, academia, standard setting bodies, and consultancies.
GIFT-IFSC
IFSC visualises GIFT-City as a global hub for sustainable finance and a gateway to channelize foreign
capital into India. This committee was set up because, raising financial resources for climate change
adaptation and its mitigation needs active participation of international investors. Committee would help in

developing the required ecosystem.
ABOUT IFSCA
Government of India has set up the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) in 2020 in
order to develop and regulate international financial services centres in India. Primary goal of IFSCA is to
promote ease of doing business across IFSC and to provide a world class regulatory environment.
Presently, there is only one IFSC called “Gift City” in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
ABOUT GIFT CITY
GIFT-City stands for “Gujarat International Finance Tec-City”. It is located in Gandhinagar and is the first
International Financial Services Centre of India. Main purpose of the GIFT city is to provide high quality
physical infrastructure such as electricity, gas, water, district cooling, telecoms, roads and broadband in
order to relocate operations of finance and tech firms in it.
New species of blind freshwater eel discovered in Mumbai
New species of blind freshwater eel has been by four scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI).
Highlights
Eel species was discovered from a well in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
As per scientists, eel is a blind freshwater hypogean.
This is the first such discovered species from Maharashtra and Northern western Ghats.
About Blind Eel
Species has been named as ‘Rakthamichtys mumba’ to pay tribute to the city it was found in.
Newly discovered freshwater bright-pink coloured species is completely blind and a subterranean
freshwater fish.
The blind eel has a genetic distance of 21.6 – 22.8% as compared to other known species of
Rakthamicthys genus.
This is the 5th species from Rakthamicthys genus to have originated from India.
How this species was discovered?
The species was discovered by four scientists namely, Anil Mohapatra, Tejas Thackeray, Praveenraj
Jayasimhan and Annam Pavan Kumar. This discovery is the most remarkable one till date. Scientists had
collected the hypogean species a few years ago. They continued working on it, even in the ongoing covid-19
pandemic situation.
Significance of the discovery
According to scientists, an extensive study regarding the species and habitat systems of the Hypogean
and cavernicolus would help in formulating conservation strategies for the species. Factors such
as distribution pattern, level of endemism, biographic barriers causing speciation can also be studied now.
Rakthamichthys Mumba
One of the scientists, Anil Mohapatra, is also among the co-authors of ‘Rakthamichthys mumba’ that was
published in Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology. The word ‘mumba’ has been derived from the
Marathi language to honours a deity worshipped in Mumbai called “Mumba Aai”.
About Rakthamichthys
It is a genus of swamp eels and are endemic to India. Three species are known from Western Ghats while
one is known from Northeast India. These species live underground. One species is having a fossorial
lifestyle while three species are troglobitic in nature.
India-US to set-up JWG in Defence industrial security

India and United States (US) held their Industrial Security Agreement (ISA) summit between September 27
to October 01, 2021 at New Delhi.

Key facts
The summit was organised in order to develop a protocol to exchange classified information between
the defence industries of both the countries.
It was led by “Designated Security Authorities (DSAs)” viz., Anurag Bajpai from Indian side and David
Paul Bagnati from US sides.
It was held to create a roadmap to implement the ISA.
DSAs also visited the Indian defence industry in preparation for the creation of roadmap.
During the summit, they agreed to establish the Indo-US Industrial Security Joint Working Group.
Joint Working Group
The joint working group will meet periodically to align the policies and procedures that will allow the
defence industries in collaborating on cutting edge defence technologies.
Industrial Security Agreement (ISA)
ISA is the part of India-U.S. General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA). It was signed at
the second 2+2 dialogue in Washington in December 2019. The agreement will provide a framework to
exchange and protect the classified military information between the defence industries of both the
countries. It allows sharing of classified information from US government as well US companies with the
Indian private sector. Till the signing of agreement, sharing of information was limited to the Indian
government and defence public sector undertakings. Thus, ISA will give a boost to Indian private sector
seeking a greater role in defence manufacturing.
About GSOMIA
GSOMIA was signed between India and US in 2002. It allows militaries to share intelligence gathered by
them.
American bumblebee could be declared endangered
According to US Fish and Wildlife Services, the American bumblebee population has decreased by 89% in
past 20 years, and it could be declared as “endangered species”.
Key Facts
US Fish & Wildlife Services will conduct a one-year review, after which the species would become
protected under “Endangered Species Act (ESA)”.
The ESA act provides a legal framework to safeguard endangered species from extinction.
Background
This announcement was made in the backdrop of a petition of August 2021 that was filed in support of
listing made by “Center for Biological Diversity (CBD)” and Albany Law School student group named as
“Bombus Pollinator Association of Law Students”.
CBD take on American Bumblebee
As per CBD, the American bumblebee has completely vanished across eight states namely Rhode Island,
Maine, New Hampshire, Idaho, Vermont, North Dakota, Wyoming and Oregon in the North America. Its
population has also declined by 99% in New York. In other 19 states in Southeast & Midwest, its population
has declined by 50%.
Why its population has declined?
According to CBD, population of American bumblebee has decline due to habitat destruction, climate
change, exposure to disease & pesticides, loss of genetic diversity along with competition with the non-
native bees.
About American Bumblebee
This species is scientifically called as Bombus pensylvanicus. It is a threatened species of bumblebee and
is a native to North America. It is also found in eastern Canada, eastern United States, and Mexico. The

species live and nest in open farmland & fields. It feeds on food plants like favouring sunflowers & clovers.
What is Solar conjunction?
American Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently decided to stop
sending active commands to its missions on the MARS for next few weeks till the time “Mars solar
conjunction” remains in effect.
What is Solar Conjunction?
As per NASA, during the Mars solar conjunction period, Earth and the MARS will be on opposite sides
of the Sun.
This position of both the planets will affect any communication attempt made by NASA for
connecting with its Mars missions because Sun radiates hot & ionized gas from its corona.
How Solar Conjunction affects the missions on MARS?
These gases can interfere with radio signals if the agency try to communicate with spacecraft at
Mars.
These radiations will stand in the middle of both the planets and corrupt commands. It could also
result in unexpected behaviour from NASA’s deep space explorers.
Thus, NASA has decided to stop sending signals.
Will it completely halt the work?
No, this period would not halt the work on the red Planet completely because, engineers have already sent
the list of simple commands to spacecrafts to carry works few weeks.
NASA’s mission on MARS
Presently, NASA has its Perseverance rover, Curiosity Rover, Ingenuity helicopter, stationary InSight lander
stationed on the MARS apart from three orbiters. During the Mars solar conjunction period, these missions
will work on different commands, sent to them beforehand. Perseverance rover will take weather
measurements with the help of its Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) sensors. Rover will look
for dust devils with its cameras and capture new sounds with the help of microphones.
India’s Pavilion launched at Dubai Expo 2020
Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated India’s Pavilion at Dubai Expo 2020, on October 1, 2021.
Key Points
At the expo, India has deployed the largest number of participants.
It has a state-of-the-art 8,750 square metre pavilion with the message that “India is out to grab once-
in-a-lifetime opportunity in order to explore solutions to challenges that hampers its growth.
Showcasing Ancient and Future India
India Pavilion at Dubai Expo has been conceived as a hi-tech structure. It is a civilisational confluence of
ancient India as well as future India. It is a massive four-floor structure that has been designed to attract
anyone who walks in with the popular exports in India including yoga, literature, Ayurveda, heritage, arts,
cuisine and space technology. Exterior of the pavilion is real showstopper.
Theme of Pavilion
Innovative facade comprises of 600 individual kinetic blocks. Each of the facade can turn on its own axis in
order to construct a picture on the basis of multiple themes. Pavilion has been installed under the
overarching theme of ‘India on the move’ and ‘India the diverse’. Facade on both the sides of the pavilion
comprise of face of Mahatma Gandhi while metamorphosing front will showcase “constant change” and
“timeless endurance” to mark the 75-year-old journey of India.
Primary Themes of the pavilion
Zones in the pavilion are identified on the basis of 11 primary themes namely, Climate & Biodiversity; Urban
& Rural Development; Space; Tolerance & Inclusivity; Knowledge & Learning; Golden Jubilee; Travel &

Connectivity; Health & Wellness; Global Goals; Food Agriculture & Livelihoods and Water.
Significance of India Pavilion
India pavilion is being viewed as long-term strategic investment. About 490 crore rupees has been invested
on it. Pavilion design is so flexible that it can be used for offices and a space for trade or cultural event.
World Bank: $150 million to Chennai’s Sustainable Urban Services
World Bank has approved about $150 million program to support Chennai’s Sustainable Urban Services and
to turn it into a “world-class city”.
Highlights
This programme will fulfil Tamil Nadu’s vision of making Chennai into a city which is more green,
liveable, and resilient towards climate change.
Apart from programme in Tamil Nadu, World Bank has also approved a $40 million project that will
improve the quality of health services in the state Meghalaya. It will also strengthen capacity of state
in handling health emergencies like COVID-19 pandemic.
Chennai City Partnership
Chennai City Partnership: Sustainable Urban Services Program is a $150 million programme that will help in
strengthening institutions. It will also help in improving the financial health of service agencies and bring in
significant improvements in quality of four key urban services:
Water supply and sewerage
Mobility
Health, and
Solid Waste Management.
Why this programme was launched in Chennai?
Metropolitan Area of Chennai is home to about 10.9 million people. It is the fourth most populous
metropolitan area of India. Despite being an economic powerhouse, the city has not kept pace with the
growing demand for key services. This city is also highly vulnerable to natural disasters, climate change as
well as to pandemics like COVID-19. Thus, this project will help in mitigating all such challenges.
Project in Meghalaya
World bank project will benefit all the 11 districts in Meghalaya. It will also benefit health sector staff
across the primary and secondary levels by strengthening planning and management capabilities. It will
help in building the clinical skills of staff and enable women to utilise healthcare services in better manner
at the community level.
RBI's new auto Debit Rules- Highlights
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated new auto-debit rules on October 1, 2021 in order to
strengthen the safety and security of card transactions.
Key Points
As per RBI’s directive, there will be no automatic recurring payment for several services like utility bills, DTH,
recharge of phone and OTT because additional factor of authentication (AFA) will become mandatory
onwards.
Advance information about auto-debit
Under new directives, banks will have to inform the customers in advance regarding the recurring payments
due. Transactions will not be automatic but will be done after customer has authenticated it.
Registration Process
Customers are required to follow a one-time registration process. After this process, further transactions
can be performed without any additional factor authentication. Customers can provide the validity period for
future transactions, while registering for the process.

OTP Mandate
Under the new norms, banks are required to send a one-time password to the customers for recurring
payments of more than Rs 5000.
Opt-out option
Customers will get an option to opt out from a particular transaction or mandate through a link provided in
pre-debit notification.
Will it impact loan instalments?
New norms will not impact any standing instructions that have been registered using bank accounts for
mutual funds, SIPs, equated monthly instalments for loans.
Objective of new norms
RBI had made AFA mandatory with the objective of making digital payments in India safe and secure. It also
seeks to protect customers from fraudulent transactions.
IMF Report on Crypto Ecosystem
The International Monetary Funds (IMF) has released its report called “Global Financial Stability Report”,
highlighting how digital currency assets brings in financial stability challenges.
Key findings of report
In its report, IMF notes that rapid growing crypto ecosystem presents new opportunities to the world.
However, this digital currency assets also pose several financial stability challenges.
According to report, Technological innovation is starting a new era of making payments and other
financial services faster, cheaper, more accessible. Such transaction also allows to flow across
borders swiftly.
Innovative services
In its report, IMF highlights that, crypto asset technologies are a potential tool for faster and cheaper cross-
border payments. Using these technologies, bank deposits can be transformed into a stable coin, allowing
instant access to financial products from digital platforms. It also allows instant currency conversion.
According to IMF, the decentralised finance can become a platform for more inclusive innovative and
transparent financial services.
Challenges with the cryptocurrencies
According to IMF, rapid growth and increasing adoption of crypto assets pose financial stability
challenges.
Such decentralised currencies could also lead to instability as they are extremely volatile. They are
much more volatile than the equities or commodities or exchange rates.
Its transaction costs are fairly expensive as compared to digital money.
As per report, such transaction destabilizes the capital flows. It also poses several operational and
financial integrity risks from the provides of crypto asset.
What are cryptocurrencies?
Cryptocurrencies are digital or virtual currencies where encryption techniques are used for regulating the
generation of units and verifying the transfer of funds. Such systems are operating independently of any
central bank.
India wins Bronze at Asian TT Championships
The Indian men’s table tennis team has won bronze medal at the Asian Table Tennis Championships on
October 1, 2021.
Highlights
Indian team won bronze after losing to South Korea by 0-3 in the semi-finals.
Team was assured of winning a medal after beating Iran by 3-1 in the quarterfinals on September 29.

Both the semi-finalists won a bronze medal.
Asian Table Tennis Championships
It is a biennial table tennis tournament and is regarded as continental championships by the International
Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). The tournament was organized by the Table Tennis Federation of Asia
(TTFA) from 1952 to 1972. Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) started its own Asian Championships because
of conflict between national table tennis associations in Asia.
International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
ITTF is the governing body of all the national table tennis associations. It looks after the rules & regulations
and seeks technological improvement for table tennis. The body is responsible for organizing numerous
international competitions such as World Table Tennis Championships.
World Table Tennis Championships
This tournament has been held since 1926. Since 1957, it is held biennially. Under the tournament, five
individual events including men’s singles, women’s singles, women’s double, men’s doubles and mixed
doubles, are held in odd numbered years.
India- Sri Lanka to take part in 'Mitra Shakti 21' Exercise
th
8 Edition of the “India Sri Lanka bilateral joint Exercise” called Mitra Shakti will be conducted from October
4 to October 15, 2021 at Combat Training School, Ampara in Sri Lanka.
Key Points
In the joint exercise, all arms contingent of 120 personnel from the Indian Army will participate along
with the battalion of the Sri Lankan Army.
This exercise will be conducted with the aim of promoting close relations between Armies of India
and Sri Lanka.
It also seeks to enhance inter-operability and share best practices to counter insurgency and
terrorism operations.
It will involve tactical level operations at the sub unit level.
Operations will be held in international Counter Insurgency and Counter Terrorism environment.
The exercise will act as the catalyst to bring synergy and cooperation at grass root level between the
Indian army and Sri Lankan Army.
Background
7th Edition of Exercise Mitra Shakti was conducted in the year 2019 at Foreign Training Node (FTN), Pune,
Maharashtra. It was conducted with the aim of building and promoting positive relations between armies of
both the countries. It also incorporated the current dynamics of United Nations peacekeeping operations by
means of practical & comprehensive discussions as well as tactical exercises.
India-Sri Lanka relations
Bilateral relations between India and Sri-Lanka are historic. Only 4% of Sri Lankans are having a negative
view regarding India. Both the countries are also close on economic terms. India is the largest trading
partner of Sri Lanka. Both the countries share a maritime border. India is separated by Sri Lanka, by the Palk
Strait. They are republics within the Commonwealth of Nations.
October 4, 2021
Tiger rallies started across 51 Reserves
On October 2, 2021, Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav started off tiger rallies in 18 tiger range
States in India.
Key Points
Tiger Rallies were started across 51 reserves as a part of “Wildlife Week Celebration” and “Azadi ka
Amrit Mahotsav”.
In seven days, from October 2 to October 8, these rallies would cover a distance of about 7,500 km.
Rallies would be traversing the diverse and picturesque landscapes across the country.
Rallies were virtually kicked off in three tiger reserves namely,
1. Biligiri Ranganathaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve, Karnataka
2. Navegaon Nagzira Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra and
3. Sanjay Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
Guidelines on sustainable eco-tourism
On the occasion, minister also released guidelines on sustainable eco-tourism across the forest and wildlife
areas. Guidelines on field guide to monitor the Ganges & Indus River dolphins, aquatic fauna & habitat
including Nagar Van guidelines were released.
Online Portal on Wetlands
An online portal on wetlands was also released which will act as a single-point access for all information
related to such ecosystems.
Theme of the rallies
The rallies were kicked off with the theme “India for Tigers- A Rally on Wheels”. The rally will journey across
51 tiger reserves in 18 tiger range States. In the range states, field directors, deputy directors & associated
staff of the tiger reserves will follow an assigned routes and unite at a designated focal point of celebration.
Focal point of the celebration is the first nine tiger reserves that were designated during the launch of
Project Tiger in 1973.
Aim of the rally
The rallies were started with the aim of raising awareness regarding the importance of tiger conservation. It
will bring together people from different areas.
Assam: Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award
On October 3, 2021, the “Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award for National Integration and National
Contribution 2021” was conferred by the Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu.
Key Facts
Awards were conferred to “Shillong Chamber Choir”, Assam branch of Kasturba Gandhi National
Memorial Trust as well as writer Nirod Kumar Baruah.
This award is one of the biggest civilian awards in Assam. It carries a citation along with a cash prize
of Rs 5 lakh.
Award is conferred in the name of first chief minister of Assam, Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi. He was
a multi-dimensional figure with outstanding accomplishments. He was also conferred the Bharat
Ratna posthumously in 1999.
Shillong Chamber Choir
Shillong Chamber Choir was founded in 2001 by founder, mentor and conductor of the choir Neil
Nongkynrih. Its repertoire includes the works of western classical music such as Bach, Handel, Gershwin
and Mozart besides Khasi folk songs & opera. The choir has performed in Poland, Britain, Switzerland, Italy,
Sri Lanka, as well as in Indian cities of Delhi, Mombai, Bangalore and Guwahati. In the year 2021, it had won
the reality TV show, India’s Got Talent. It had also awarded with three gold awards at the 6th World Choir
Games for Gospel, Musica Sacra and Popular Music.
Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award
It is one of the biggest civilian awards of Assam, which is bestowed upon the institutions and individuals
from diverse fields to honour their exemplary contributions towards integration of nation.
Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust
This trust was set up on January 9, 1946, when Mahatma Gandhi visited Assam. It has been working for

rural women and children.
Dr Nirod Kumar Baruah
He is based in Germany. He did his masters in History and Political Science from Kashi Hindu University
while M Phil from Bonn University, Germany. He has written several books on Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi.
Wildlife Week 2021
Lieutenant Governor of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Manoj Sinha, inaugurated the Wildlife Week
2021 on October 2, 2021 at Sher-e-Kashmir International Convention Centre (SKICC) in Srinagar.
Key facts
Wildlife Week 2021 is being observed from October 2nd to October 8th.
This week is a sincere effort that raise awareness among people for the protection of wildlife
resources.
On the occasion, government of J&K has opened Dachigam National Park for public. To provide easy
access to the park, permission will be granted using an online portal which is operated by J&K Forest
and Wildlife Department.
About Wildlife Week
India observes Wildlife Week from October 2nd to October 8th every year with the aim of protecting India’s
fauna. During the week, experts conduct workshops in order to make people understand the importance of
wildlife conservation. During the week, several awareness-building activities are organised across different
levels in order to make people aware about wildlife.
Why this week is celebrated?
This week is celebrated because, wildlife plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of
nature. Any harm to it can pose threat to entire ecosystem. Thus, it becomes important to preserve flora
and fauna.
Biological Hotspot
India is a biological hotspot. It supports a number of animal species. India is home to more than 7 percent
of world’s biodiversity. Faunal wealth of India is also incredibly diverse. It accounts for 7.4% of the world’s
fauna.
History of Wildlife Week
First ever Wildlife Week was observed in the year 1957. Wildlife Week 2021 is the 67th edition. Wildlife
Week was conceptualised by the Indian Board of Wildlife in 1952 in order to raise the awareness regarding
long-term goals of protecting the wildlife across India. Initially, Wildlife Day was celebrated in 1955, but in
1957 it was upgraded as the Wildlife Week.
Theme of Wildlife Week 2021
Wildlife Week 2021 is being celebrated under the theme “Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and
Planet”.
KVIC's world’s largest Khadi National Flag
On October 2, 2021, World’s largest national flag was inaugurated in Leh in the Union Territory of Ladakh. It
is made up of Khadi.
Key facts
The flag was inaugurated by Ladakh’s Lieutenant Governor RK Mathur, to mark the 152 nd birth
anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, who gifted Khadi to the world.
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) had prepared the “Monumental Khadi National Flag”.
This flag is about 225 feet long and 150 feet wide. It weighs around 1400 kg.
About World’s largest khadi national flag
The national flag is about 225 feet long, 150 feet wide and1400 kgs in weight.

Monumental National Flag took about 3500-man hours of work for the artisans and allied workers
while making the flag.
Flag was prepared by 70 Khadi artisans in 49 days.
It was made using 4600 meters of hand-spun & hand-woven Khadi cotton bunting. The bunting covers
a total area of 33,750 square feet.
National flag has Ashok Chakra, measuring 30 feet in diameter.
It has been displayed on a frame prepared by the Indian Army in order to ensure that it remains above
the ground.
Who conceptualised the flag?
Concept to make world’s largest khadi national flag was put forward by KVIC to celebrate “Azadi ka Amrit
Mahotsav”, marking 75 years of India’s Independence. The flag was handed over to the Indian Army
because its handling and displaying required utmost care and precision.
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
KVIC is a statutory body, established in April 1957 under the ‘Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act
of 1956’. It works under the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises.
Kamdhenu Deepawali 2021 campaign launched
Former Cabinet Minister and former chairman of rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog launched the “Kamdhenu
Deepawali 2021 campaign” on October 3, 2021.
Highlights
This campaign was launched for manufacturing and marketing about 100 Crore Deepak lamps &
Laxmi-Ganesh Idols made up of cow-dung.
Under the campaign, Cows will be economically used by economically utilising Cow Dung and Cow
Urine along with its Milks, Curd & Ghee.
Using the Panchgavya from cow, 300 items are getting made now, including Deepak, Candles, Lamps,
Havansamagri, Sambrani cup, Hard Board, Dhoopbatti, incense sticks, Wall piece, Laxmi-Ganesh idols
etc.
Gomaya lamps
The Gomaya lamps were made by Cow Entrepreneurs and Cow owners. This lamo will save the environment
by providing eco-friendly alternative for chemical based Chinese lights.
Who trains the start-ups?
Rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog have been providing training in association with the volunteer organizations
across India, giving rise to huge number of Cow dung based Start Ups.
Significance of the campaign
This campaign would benefit the Cow Entrepreneurs across India. It is a Eco friendly campaign which will
also help Gaushalas in becoming Self Sustainable. Campaign would also empower the ‘Start-up India’ and
‘Atma Nirbhar Bharat’ vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
About Rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog
It is an agency working under the “Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying” of “Ministry of Fisheries,
Animal Husbandry & Dairying”. It was established to protect cows. The agency organises animal husbandry
on scientific & modern lines. It also takes steps to preserve & improve breeds as well as prohibit slaughter
of cows & calves. Agency also functions as an integral part of Rashtriya Gokul Mission.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission
This mission was started in December 2014 by government with the aim of developing & conserving
indigenous bovine breeds and genetic upgradation of bovine population.

Centre notifies new Electricity Rules
Union Ministry of Power has notified new Electricity rules called “Electricity (Rights of consumers) Rules” in
India, laying down the rights of power of consumers.
Key Points
These rules will empower the consumers of electricity. Rules originate from the conviction that power
systems exist to serve consumers and consumers have rights to get reliable services & quality
electricity.
These rules were notified considering the fact that, distribution companies across India are
monopolies and consumer has no alternative.
Rules will also further the ease of doing business in India as its implementation would ensure that
new electricity connections, refunds and other services are provided to consumers in a time bound
manner.
Key areas covered under Electricity (Rights of consumers) Rules:
1. Rights of consumers and Obligations of Distribution licensees
2. Consumer as Prosumer
3. Release of new connection and modification of existing connection
4. Metering arrangement
5. Reliability of supply
6. Billing and Payment
7. Disconnection and Reconnection
8. Standards of Performance of licensee
9. Compensation Mechanism
10. Grievance redressal mechanism
11. Call Centre for Consumer Services
Key Provisions of the rules
It will be the duty of every distribution licensee to supply electricity on request of owner or occupier.
Release of new connection and modification in existing connection will be done in transparent and
time bound processes. Process will be completed within 7 days in metro cities,15 days in municipal
areas while 30 days in rural areas.
No connection will be given without a meter.
Compensation amount will be paid to consumers, automatically, by the distribution licensees in case
of violation of performance
Consumer Grievance Redressal Forum (CGRF) will include representatives from consumer and
prosumer. Grievances will be resolved within 45 days.
Molnupiravir: New drug to treat COVID-19
On October 1, 2021, Pharmaceutical company “Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics” announced the early
results of Phase-3 trials of its anti-viral drug called molnupiravir. As per the results, Molnupiravir has
reduced the chances of hospitalisation by half among COVID-19 patients with mild or moderate symptoms.
Highlights
Placebo trials comprised of testing a drug on thousands of people. Among them, some get the drug
and some do not.
In the group that do not get placebo, 53 patients or 14% of the patients were either hospitalised or
had died. On the other hand, among the group that got drug, 28 patients or 7.3% were hospitalised or
succumbed to the covid-19 infection.
Patients were monitored for 29 days. No deaths were reported among the patients who received

molnupiravir. On the other hand, eight deaths were reported among those who received placebo.
Is molnupiravir effective against COVID-19 treatment?
Complete result of phase 3 trials form molunupiravir is still unknown. However, the drug has reassured the
hospitalisation-avoidance rates. Company will be submitting data to the United States Food and Drugs
Administration soon for a review. Following it, this drug may be approved for emergency use authorisation.
Patient tested with the drug
This drug has been tested only in patients having mild-to-moderate COVID-19, so far. Patients had started
treatment within five days of testing positive. They had at least one risk factor, out of obesity, older age,
diabetes or heart disease, which increased their risk for severe disease.
Working mechanism of molnupiravir
Molnupiravir drug has been named as ‘EIDD 2801’ by the company, where ‘E’ indicates it was developed at
Emory University. The antiviral drugs work by inhibiting a process by which the virus replicates. In case of
molnupiravir drug, when tested on cultured cells, it works by altering critical enzymes which are necessary
for virus to start replicating the host cells of body.
First consignment of Kashmir walnuts flagged off
Under the “One District, One Product (ODOP) initiative” of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, first
consignment of Kashmiri walnuts was flagged off from Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir, recently.
Key Points
Truck carrying 2,000 kgs was despatched from Budgam to Bengaluru, Karnataka.
90% of India’s walnut production is from Kashmir.
Kashmiri walnuts are of superior quality & taste and are of a great source of nutrients. Hence, the are
highly in demand worldwide.
walnuts have immense potential to make a place for itself across the local and global markets.
Why this consignment was sent?
‘One district, One product’ team recognised that walnuts were being imported into India on a large scale,
despite the huge availability of Kashmir walnuts. Thus, the team started an in-depth market analysis and
stakeholder consultations in Kashmir. Importers of walnuts were contacted. With the help of dedicated
handholding at both ends, the team was able to facilitate the procurement. Such initiative would also boost
the “Aatma Nirbhar Bharat campaign”.
Roundtable conference
During the flag off event, a roundtable conference was also organised in Budgam district. During the
conference, inputs were sought from industry representatives with respect to trade and export ecosystem in
Kashmir. In the conference, Horticulturists and trade representatives recommended way forward for it such
as:
Domestic and international marketing through Buyer-Seller Meets,
e-commerce onboarding of more agricultural and handicraft or handloom products
Creation of product or scheme awareness for products from each district to be supported under “one
district, one product scheme”.
Icra report: India’s electricity demand to grow 8-8.5% in FY22
According to rating agency ICRA Ltd., India’s electricity demand is expected to increase by 8-8.5 % in
Financial Year 2022.
Key facts
As per report, all-India electricity demand increased by 12.7% to 707 billion units (BU) on year-on0year
basis, during the period from April 2021 to September 2021.
This increase in demand was supported by a lower base, improvement of economic activity as well as

lower than normal monsoons.
Lower than normal monsoon led to higher demand from the agriculture segment in the period of July
2021 and August 2021.
Energy demand in H1 of Financial Year 2021-2022 also remained higher by 2.9% as compared to
same in H1 FY2020-2021. It was led by relatively sharper recovery in demand of energy as it was
reflected from 8.4% growth in Q2 of FY2021-22 as compared to FY2020.
As per report, all India average thermal PLF level is likely to remain subdued, despite the recovery in
electricity demand. It is likely to remain below 60.0% in the current fiscal. Thus, outlook on the
thermal power generation is Negative.
One of the reasons for negative outlook is lack of visibility in signing of new power purchase
agreements (PPAs) for thermal IPPs as well as upward pressure on power generation cost with the
strengthening in fuel price levels besides tight environmental compliance requirements.
Coal stocks at power projects
As the power projects, coal stocks have been low as a result of an unprecedented increase in
electricity demand because of:
1. Resumption in economic activities,
2. Heavy rains in September impacting coal production & dispatch, and
3. lower electricity production by other fuel sources.
As on October 1, India’s 72 coal fuelled power projects had less than three days of stocks. On the
other hand, 50 plants had stocks worth 4-10 days. Only 13 projects had enough fuel stocks to sustain
electricity generation for more than 10 days.
MeitY plans Tech repository for Digital services
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is planning to find a “customer relationship
management (CRM) as well as enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions” on the basis of “Free and
open-source software (FOSS)”.
Key Points
These solutions would be planned in such a way that it could deploy on its own platform and use it in
future for developing other citizen-facing interfaces like Aarogya Setu app or a COWIN platform.
Primary goal of coming up with the solution is to create an open-source software repository which
can be accessed and used across the departments, States and countries.
currently, Indian government is working on using FOSS in order to find solutions in agritech,
governance, healthcare and education segments.
#FOSS4Gov innovation challenge
To make the solution reality, MeitY had announced #FOSS4Gov Innovation Challenge. As of now, 1,400
registrations have been received from across the country including from tier-II and tier-III cities. Winning
teams will find a chance to work with the government on its several population-scale platforms. Teams will
also get cash prizes of up to Rs 90 lakh for developing their solution. Three winners will be selected across
CRM and ERP categories. First prize will be Rs 20 lakh, second prize of Rs 15 lakh while third prize will be of
Rs 10 lakh.
Aim of #FOSS4Gov Innovation Challenge
This challenge is being organised with the aim of creating awareness and promote FOSS. It also seeks to
identify solutions which can be used by the government.
Who will mentor the team?
MeitY has partnered with investment firm “Omidyar Network India (ONI)” to mentor the shortlisted teams for
this programme. ONI will also be awarding a special prize to the team involved in developing and integrating

citizen-centric safeguard to protect citizen’s data.
FOSS in digital services
Government have been using FOSS since 2016, to develop several digital services such as UPI, DigiLocker,
Aarogya Setu, Aadhaar etc.
NOAA report: August 2021 is the 6th-warmest in 142 years
As per NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Information analysis, August 2021 was the 6th hottest
month on the Earth, despite the fact that, Central Texas went through a cooler than average month.
Highlights
August 2021 was the 6th warmest month in 142 years.
While analysing the August’s heat, scientists found that the average global land & ocean surface
temperature was 1.62 degrees F more than the average of 20th-century.
North America witnessed its top-10 warmest August.
Asia had its 2nd warmest August while Africa had 3rd warmest August.
Since 2009, 9 out of 10 warmest Augusts on Earth have happened.
Hottest summer in Northern Hemisphere
Year 2021 was also the 2nd hottest summer on record in Northern Hemisphere. Year 2020 witnessed the
hottest summer on record in the Northern Hemisphere. August end also wrapped up meteorological
summer, a summer which was tied with 2019 as second hottest summer on record in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Meteorological summer in Northern Hemisphere
June-August is known as meteorological summer in the Northern Hemisphere. June-August was the 4th
warmest on record for Earth while Southern Hemisphere was going through winter. Global temperatures
were recorded as 1.62 degrees F above the 20th Century.
6th warmest month
January-August ranks as the 6th warmest period ever recorded on Earth. The temperatures were 1.48
degrees F warmer as compared to 20th-century average.
Sea ice extent
In August, Arctic Sea ice witnessed the 10th smallest extent in 43-year records while Antarctic Sea ice
coverage was 5th highest.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
NOAA is an American scientific and regulatory agency working under the “United States Department of
Commerce”, that forecasts weather, charts the sea, monitors oceanic & atmospheric conditions, conducts
deep sea exploration, besides managing fishing & protecting marine mammals.
Odisha's initiatives to prevent Elephant electrocution
Odisha government has allocated Rs 445.75 crore to the distribution companies in order to increase ground
clearance of electrical networks with the objective of preventing Elephant electrocution.
Key facts
With the help of allocated funds, distribution companies would also replace bare conductors across
elephant corridors and movement areas.
This initiative is aimed at preventing elephant deaths because of electrocution.
As per Energy department, 79000 interposing poles have been erected and about 2,300 circuit bare
conductors have been replaced by covered ones.
In the recent development, companies and Forest Department have been asked to interact on regular
basis in a bid to achieve zero casualty of elephants.
Officials have also been directed to involve with the local community in elephant protection and bring

in scheme for rewarding the villagers, who would provide information regarding illegal hooking for
poaching wild animals.
Elephant conservation in state
As per the Wildlife Society of Orissa (WSO), an environment pressure group working on elephant
conservation, about 862 elephants have lost their lives in between April 2010 August 2021. Out of this,
about 16 % accounting for 135 elephants died due to electrocution.
Concerns associated with elephant conservation
Elephant conservation in the state of Odisha is a challenging task because of inadequate patrolling and
breakdown of supervision & monitoring by officers. This has made it easy for poachers to wipe out
elephants from the state.
Electrocution cases
Lack of action against electricity distribution companies has resulted into multiple electrocution cases
because of overhead sagging naked wires, wild boar poaching wires and electrified fences. These elephants
would have been saved if companies had installed safety devices. Most recent case “killing of seven
elephants in Dhenkanal district” in the year 2018 at Kamalanga because of a low height 11 KV wire.
October 5, 2021
Russia test-fires Hypersonic missile from submarine
Russia has successfully test-fired Hypersonic missile from a nuclear submarine for the first time on October
4, 2021.
Key Facts
The missile, named Zircon missile, was launched from the Severodvinsk. submarine. Zircon hit a
designated target in the Barents Sea.
It was Zircon’s first launch from a submarine.
Missile has been repeatedly test-fired from a navy frigate in the past.
Missile would be commissioned in to Russian Navy in 2022.
Significance of the missile
Zircon missile has been developed to arm Russian cruisers, frigates and submarines. It is one among
several hypersonic missiles being developed in Russia.
About Zircon Missile
The 3M22 Zircon or 3M22 Tsirkon missile is a scramjet powered, anti-ship hypersonic cruise missile. The
missile is being testing by Russia, currently. It represents a further development of HELA (Hypersonic
Experimental Flying Vehicle) which was developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya. Prototypes of the Zircon
missiles were test-launched in 2012-2013 from a Tu-22M3 bomber in. By April 2017, Zircon had reached a
speed of Mach 8 during a flight test. Zircon was again test-fired on 3 June 2017. In November 2017,
Colonel General Viktor Bondarev announced that missile was already in service.
Specifications of Zircon Missile
Zircon Missile have the capability to fly at nine times the speed of sound. It has a range of 1000 kilometres.
Missile is believed to be a maneuvering, winged hypersonic cruise missile. The booster stage along with the
solid-fuel engines accelerates it to supersonic speeds. After this stage, a scramjet motor comprising of
liquid-fuel accelerates it to hypersonic speeds. It can travel at a speed up to Mach 8 – Mach 9.
2021 Nobel Prize in Medicine
On October 4, 2021, American scientists David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian won the prestigious “2021
Nobel Prize for Medicine”.
Key Facts
They won the prize for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.
According to award-giving body, these discoveries could make way for new pain-killers.
These findings have allowed to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force initiate the nerve
impulses which in turn allow humans to perceive and adapt to the world around.
This development and knowledge are being used to develop treatments for a several disease
conditions, including chronic pain.
This year, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was shared in equal parts by the two laureates.
But medicine has been into the spotlight because of COVID-19 pandemic. There were
recommendations that, those who developed covid-19 vaccines could be rewarded with Nobel Prizes.
About Nobel Prizes
The prestigious Nobel prizes for “science, literature and peace” were created and funded in the name of
Swedish dynamite inventor and businessman Alfred Nobel. The prize is awarded since 1901. The Nobel
prize for economics was first conferred in 1969. This century-old prize is worth 10 million Swedish crowns.
Who is Ardem Patapoutian?
Ardem Patapoutian was born in 1967 in Lebanon, to Armenian parents. He moved to Los Angeles in his
youth and currently he is a Professor at Scripps Research, La Jolla, California. He has done research at the
University of California, San Francisco as well as at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. He was
awarded with The Nobel Prize for finding a cellular mechanism and underlying gene which translates a
mechanical force on our skin into an electric nerve signal.
Who is David Julius?
Davis Julius was born in New York. He is a Professor at University of California, San Francisco. He was
awarded for his findings on the skin’s sense of temperature on the basis of how certain cells react to
capsaicin.
Delhi: Action plan to combat Air pollution in winters
Chief Minister (CM) of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal, on October 4, 2021 announced winter action plan to combat
Air pollution in the state.
Highlights
CM announced that, only buses and taxis coming to Delhi from other states will be converted into
CNG.
Apart from that, specific areas in the NCR region will be marked as pollution hotspots in order to
create a plan for mitigation and to help fight pollution in the region.
Winter Pollution in Delhi
The biggest problem that Delhi is going to face in upcoming weeks will be pollution from paddy stubble
burning in states like Punjab and Haryana.
Action Plan
CM identified ten areas of focus for the season.
Focus areas include:
1. Measures to mitigate dust pollution & Garbage burning,
2. Paddy straw burning & Control using Pusa Bio Decomposer,
3. Ban on firecrackers,
4. Installing smog towers,
5. Monitoring pollution hotspots,
6. Controlling vehicular pollution,
7. Effective operations of the green war room and
8. Green Delhi app etc.

Green Delhi App
Delhi government launched “Green Delhi app” in a bid to enable citizen participation for maintaining
vigilance against pollution. About 23,000 complaints have been received on the app, till date. Out of them,
government has successfully resolve 93% of the complaints.
Green War Room
Government is also effectively analysing fight against pollution in real time through green war room. It is a
program management room, created in collaboration with University of Chicago and GDI Partners. For the
operation of room, 50 new Environment Engineers have been recruited.
Pusa Bio Decomposer
Pusa Bio Decomposer helps in quicker stubble decompose and do away the need to set fire to the fields
after harvesting crops. Delhi government is in touch with the Centre government to use Pusa Bio
Decomposer.
TN launches software to aid police investigations
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, MK Stalin, launched face recognition software on October 4,
2021 for assisting police officials in their investigation.
Key Points
“Face recognition software” will help the police personnel in comparing the photos of suspects with
“data resource” that have been uploaded in Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems
(CCTNS).
On CCTNS website, more than 5.30 lakh photos of suspects were uploaded.
This software will compare suspects, accused persons, missing persons, and unidentified corpses
with the data uploaded on CCTNS website.
Data related to accused or suspect will be shared between the stations on need basis.
software will also help the police personnel in checking whether the accused person was a history
sheeter or any warrant has been issued against him/her.
On which device the software will work?
This software can be installed in computers at the police stations as well as on smartphones of police
personnel.
Will it recognise faces through CCTV footage?
According to the report, department has also planned to improve face recognition software in order to
compare and identify faces through CCTV footage. This improvement will help in identifying people who
were missing or being looked out for, using CCTV footage.
Crime and Criminal Tracking Networks and Systems (CCTNS)
CCTNS is a project by Indian government, launched to create a comprehensive and integrated system for
effective policing through e-Governance. It comprises of a nationwide online tracking system, integrating
about 14,000 police stations in India. National Crime Records Bureau is the nodal agency of implementing
this project.
DRDO Dare to Dream 2.0 & Young Scientists awards
On October 4, 2021, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh felicitated the winners of ‘Dare to Dream 2.0’ Contest
organised by Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO).
Highlights
Awards were given to 40 winners, including 22 in Individual category and 18 in Start-up category.
On the occasion, ‘Dare to Dream 3.0’ was also launched to promote innovators & start-ups and
provide a platform for the young ignited minds in the country.
Minister also presented “DRDO Young Scientists awards” for the year 2019. 16 DRDO scientists, aged

under 35 years, were awarded for their outstanding contribution in fields of their expertise.
Dare to Dream Contest
Dare to Dream contest was launched by DRDO across India to promote Indian academicians, individuals and
start-ups for developing emerging defence and aerospace technologies or systems. Under the contest,
DRDO provides technical and financial support to the winners, in a bid to realise their ideas under
“Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme”.
New system developed by DRDO
On the occasion, three indigenously developed products or systems by DRDO were handed over to Armed
Forces:
1. ARINC818 Video Processing and Switching Module: It has been developed for Indian Air Force. The
state-of-the-art module comprises of high bandwidth, channel bonding, low latency and easy
networking. It was provided for 5thgeneration aircraft development programmes.
2. Sonar Performance Modelling System: It was developed for the Indian Navy. It is useful for Indian
Naval Ships, submarines as well as under water surveillance stations etc.
3. Bund Blasting Device Mk-II: This device has been developed for Indian Army. It will help in reducing
the height of Ditch-cum-Bund obstacles for enhancing mobility of mechanised infantry during
wartime.
Urban Conclave in Lucknow-Highlights
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, inaugurated “Azadi@75 – New Urban India: Transforming Urban Landscape
conference-cum-expo” on October 5, 2021 in Lucknow.
Key facts
On the occasion, he digitally interacted with beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban
(PMAY-U) houses and handed over the keys to 75,000 beneficiaries across 75 districts in Uttar
Pradesh.
He also released a Coffee Table Book comprising of 75 projects implemented under several flagship
missions of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Setting up of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Chair in the Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU),
Lucknow was also announced.
Projects launched by PM
Foundation stone for 75 Urban Development Projects in Uttar Pradesh under AMRUT Mission and
Smart Cities Mission.
75 smart electric buses were flagged off under FAME-II for seven cities namely Lucknow, Varanasi,
Kanpur, Prayagraj, Gorakhpur, Ghaziabad and Jhansi.
Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav programme
Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav Programme comprises several events including the Inauguration of “New Urban
India: Transforming Urban Landscape”, a conference and an exhibition on the subject. Programme is being
organised at the Indira Gandhi Pratishthan in Lucknow.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
Under the scheme, 17.3 lakh houses have been sanctioned. So far, 8.8 lakh beneficiaries have been handed
over houses.
Conference-cum-Expo
Conference-cum-expo is being organised from October 5 to October 7, 2021 by the Ministry of Housing &
Urban Affairs (MoHUA), as a part of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’. It is being organised under the theme
“transforming the urban landscape” with specific focus on transformative changes brought in Uttar
Pradesh. All States & UTs will participate in the event in order to help in experience sharing, direction and

commitment for further action. Three exhibitions will be showcased in Conference-cum-Expo:
1. ‘New Urban India’ exhibition– It will showcase the achievements and future projections of
transformative Urban Missions.
2. Indian Housing Technology Mela (IHTM)– An exhibition on 75 Innovative Construction Technologies
under Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC-India).
3. An exhibition highlighting the performance of Uttar Pradesh after 2017, under Urban Missions and
future projections with the theme “UP@75: Transforming Urban Landscape in Uttar Pradesh”.
'Made in India' drone used to transport COVID-19 vaccine
Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya launched an initiative on October 4, 2021 to facilitate COVID-19
vaccine delivery using “made in India drones” in the tough & hard-to-reach terrains of Northeast.
Key Facts
For the purpose, ICMR has designed a delivery model called “Drone Response and Outreach in North
East (i-Drone)”.
This delivery model has been designed to endure that life-saving COVID-19 vaccines reach everyone.
This initiative was launched in line with government’s commitment to “Antyodaya in health” that
makes healthcare accessible to every citizens in India.
Significance of the initiative
This was the first time that a “Make in India’ drone has been used in South Asia for transporting COVID-19
vaccine for an aerial distance of 15 km. This distance was covered in 12-15 mins from Bishnupur district
hospital to Loktak lake, Karang island in Manipur. Road distance between both the locations is 26 kms.
Use of drones
Drones can be used to deliver important life-saving medicines as well as for collecting blood
samples.
It can also be used in critical situations in difficult terrains.
It will address the challenges in health care delivery, especially for delivery of health supplies in
difficult areas.
Which states are running similar projects?
Currently, drone-based delivery projects are being run in Manipur & Nagaland as well as Andaman & Nicobar
Islands to overcome the challenges by deploying Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAV) or drones in remote
areas.
Which institution transferred the drone technology?
ICMR conducted the initial study in association with “Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur” for testing the
capacity of drones to transfer and carry vaccines safely. ICMR conducted the study in Manipur, Nagaland
and Andaman & Nicobar.
EU approves Pfizer-BioNTech COVID vaccine booster
European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved the booster doses of Pfizer/BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine for
people aged 18 and above on October 4, 2021.
Key Facts
This approval given as data for the vaccine showed a rise in antibody levels when a booster shot was
administered to the people aged 18 to 55, approximately six months after the second dose.
Thus, the agency has recommended to administer booster doses after six months of second dose.
It also recommended for an extra dose of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines for people with
severely weakened immune systems.
Extra dose of these vaccines boosts the ability, of organ transplant patients with weakened immune
systems, of producing antibodies against the SARS-cov-2 virus.

As per EMA, extra dose will be given at least 28 days after second dose to the severely immune-
compromised people.
European Medicines Agency (EMA)
EMA is an agency of European Union (EU) charged with the evaluation and supervision of medicinal
products. It as earlier known as European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). EMA was set in 1995, with
financial support from European Union and pharmaceutical industry.
Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine
It is an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by BioNTech in collaboration with the American company
Pfizer. Pfizer provided its support for clinical trials, logistics, and manufacturing. Vaccine is authorized for
use in people aged twelve years and more. It is given by intramuscular injection. Vaccine is composed of
nucleoside-modified mRNA which also encodes a mutated form of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
October 4: World Habitat Day
World Habitat Day was observed on October 4, 2021. This day is an initiative of United Nations.
Highlights
This day is observed with the aim of promoting the basic right of adequate shelter and housing for
everyone across the world which is densely populated and have been affected due to rapid
urbanisation.
This day is observed on the first Monday of October, every year.
Theme of the day
The World Habitat Day this year was observed under the theme “Accelerating urban action for a carbon-free
world”.
History of the day
The decision to observe World Habitat Day annually was taken in 1985 by the United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA). Following the decision, the first World Habitat Day was observed in Nairobi, Kenya in
1986 on the theme “ ‘Shelter is my right’.
Significance of the day
The observance of such day is significant in the light that, population density (diversity), poverty,
climate crisis and natural disasters have posed a threat to the quality of living.
There is a lack of proper building techniques. Poor infrastructure has led to crisis, insecurity, and
chaotic situations.
Unplanned cities, rapid urbanisation and its adverse effects on the environment led to several other
problems such as shelter crisis.
70% of the global carbon dioxide emissions comes from the urban greenhouse gas emissions.
Thus, the day becomes significant to find a solution and to come up with appropriate shelter
provisions.
The day also aims to develop actionable zero-carbon plans.
The day also highlights the difficulties faced by homeless.
UN habitat honour award
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, in the year 1989, had introduced the UN-Habitat Scroll
of Honour Award in a bid to encourage countries in finding a solution for habitat problems.
NASA's Psyche Mission- Key Facts
American Space Agency, NASA, is set to send its “Psyche Mission” to visit a giant asteroid called Psyche,
which could be the frozen remains of molten core of a bygone world.
Key points
Psyche asteroid orbits around the Sun in main asteroid belt, in between Mars and Jupiter.

According to data gathered through Earth-based radar and optical telescopes, Psyche is made largely
of metal.
Psyche could be part or all of the iron-rich interior of any earlier planetary building block which got
stripped of its outer rocky shell because of repeated collision with other large bodies during the
initiation phases of formation of the solar system.
The asteroid is about 280 kilometres at its widest point.
NASA’s Psyche mission
NASA will send its Psyche Mission in August 2022 launch. This spacecraft will orbit around the asteroid for
two years. In two years, it will take pictures, map the surface, and look for evidence of an ancient magnetic
field. Aircraft will also study the neutrons and gamma rays coming from the asteroid’s surface in order to
determine its elemental composition.
Significance of the mission
This is the first mission to explore an asteroid with a surface comprising of substantial amounts of metal
rather than rock or ice. It seeks to understand iron cores, which is an unexplored building block of formation
of planet. It also provides first opportunity to examine the interiors of a rocky planet
RBI grants licence to NARCL
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted the licence to the Rs 6,000 crore National Asset Reconstruction
Company Ltd. (NARCL).
Key Facts
This move will help in starting operations of the bad bank.
NARCL was incorporated in Mumbai in July 2021 after registration with the Registrar of Companies
(RoC).
IBA has been entrusted with the task to set up the bad bank.
Background
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in Budget 2021-22 had noted that, high level of provisioning of the
stressed assets by public sector banks calls to initiate measures to clean up bank books. In that light, she
announced to set up as “Asset Reconstruction Company Limited” and “Asset Management Company” to
consolidate and take over existing stressed debt. Both was to set up for managing and disposing assets to
alternative investment funds.
Proposal for Government’s guarantee
Cabinet had cleared a proposal to provide government guarantee of worth Rs 30,600 crore for security
receipts issued by NARCL. NARCL will pay 15% of the agreed value for bad loans in cash while the
remaining 85% will be government-guaranteed security receipts. 51% of the value will be owned by PSBs
while remaining by private sector lenders.
Stake in NARCL
Recently, SBI, Indian Bank and Union Bank of India picked up 13.27% stake each in the NARCL. Punjab
National Bank also acquired about 12% stake.
What is NARCL?
NARCL is a proposed bad bank to take over stressed assets of lenders. Government had planned to create a
bad bank to house bad loans of Rs 500 crore and above. It also comprises of an asset reconstruction
company (ARC) and an asset management company (AMC) for managing and recovering assets. It was
created in collaboration with public and private sector banks.
What is the Pandora papers leak case?
Pandora Papers have come to spotlight after millions of documents related to hidden world of offshore
wealth got leaked to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism (ICIJ).

About Pandora Papers
These are the 11.9 million leaked papers from 14 companies, in offshore tax havens, comprising of details
of ownership of 29,000 offshore companies and trusts from countries like Vietnam, Belize and Singapore.
These documents highlight the ownership of assets has been settled in private offshore trusts and
investments like cash, shareholding, and real estate properties are held by the offshore entities. In this
case, around 380 people of Indian nationality have been named.
Pandora Papers investigation
A global network comprising of reporters, publication houses and International Consortium of Investigative
Journalism (ICIJ) took two-year effort to go through 11.9 million leaked documents. About 600 journalists
from 150 media outlets are a part of the ongoing investigation. The investigation on papers reveals how
people have established a complex multi-layered trust structures for estate planning and are characterised
by air-tight secrecy laws. It reveals two-fold objectives being setting up the trusts:
1. To hide real identities in order to make it impossible for tax authorities to reach them
2. To safeguard their investments from creditors and law enforcers.
Similar leaks
2016 Panama Papers leaks: It is the most significant offshore leak, till date. It comprises of 2.6
terabytes of data that was leaked from a law firm Mossack Fonseca.
Paradise Papers leaks: Paradise Papers were leaked from the offshore provider Appleby. It
comprised of 1.4 terabytes of leaked data.
October 6, 2021
Changes proposed in Forest Conservation Act
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has proposed an amendment to the Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980, in a bid to liberalise the forest laws.
Status of the amendments
Ministry has sent the proposed amendments to all the state governments, asking for their objections and
suggestions within 15 days. The draft proposal will be drawn and placed before Parliament after taking
suggestions from states into consideration.
Key facts
The amendment puts forward stringent norms for the conservation of forest, by hiking the penal
provisions for offenses.
Amendment also provides for maintaining “pristine forests”. Non-forestry activity will not be allowed
within the pristine forests, under any circumstances.
Under the amendment; deemed forests, that have been listed by state governments up to 1996, will
continue to be considered as forest land.
Land acquired by the Railways and the road ministries before 1980, on which forests came up, will
not be considered as forests.
Amendment would also reduce the flow from foreign exchange for importing wood & wood
derivatives of approximately Rs 45,000 crore by means of encouraging plantations and afforestation.
Forest (Conservation) Act (FCA)
FCA was promulgated in the year 1980. Before a “1996 Supreme Court judgement” in TN Godavarman
Thirumulpad versus Union of India & Others case, forest land was defined by “1927 Forest Act”. But in the
1996 case, Supreme court included all areas under the definition of forest that are recorded as ‘forest’ under
any government record.
Why this amendment was put forward?
The definition of forest under the forest act was problematic in case of railways and roads. There is land

that both the ministries own, but they cannot use it without getting permission from the MoEFCC. These
permissions are granted in about 2-4 years, causing delays in several projects.
Health Minister releases ‘The State of the World’s Children 2021’
Union Health Minister, Mansukh Mandaviya, released a report titled “The State of the World’s Children 2021:
On My Mind: promoting, protecting and caring for children’s mental health” on October 5, 2021 in New Delhi.
The state of World’s Children 2021 report is UNICEF’s global flagship publication.
Key Points
The report highlights the significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of the children.
This report is significant because, mental health is an old issue & emerging issue. Furthermore,
COVID-19 was a test of mental stress for entire world.
As per UNICEF report, about 14 percent of 15 to 24-year-olds in India, accounting for 1 in 7, reported
feeling depressed or they were having little interest in doing things.
The State of the World’s Children 2021 report
This report examines the mental health of child, adolescent and caregiver. It focuses on risks and protective
factors at critical moments if life course. It also digs into the social determinants which ultimately shape
mental health and well-being. The report also calls for commitment, communication and action in order to
promote good mental health for every child. It also seeks to protect vulnerable children and care for children
facing the challenges.
Findings of the report
UNICEF’s state of the World’s Children Report 2021 has warned that children and young people might
feel the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health and well-being for several years.
The report highlights that, how children and young people carried the burden of mental health even
before COVID-19.
As per report, children with mental health disorders in India are mostly undiagnosed and hesitant in
asking for help or treatment.
50 million children in India were affected by mental health issues, before the pandemic. Out of them,
80 – 90 per cent children have not asked for support.
As per survey conducted across 21 countries, 14 per cent of respondents aged 15 to 24 years in India
reported feeling depressed.
5th edition of India - Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise
The Indian Navy and The Japan maritime Self-Defence Force is scheduled to start the Fifth edition of India –
Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise called in the Arabian Sea from October 6, 2021.
Key Facts
Last edition of the JIMEX exercise was held in September 2020.
During the three-day exercise, Indian navy will be represented by indigenously built Guided Missile
Stealth Destroyer Kochi and Guided Missile Frigate Teg.
Missiles will be commanded by Ajay Kochhar, who is the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet
Rear Admiral.
Japanese side will be represented by JMSDF ships Kaga, a Guided Missile Destroyer, an Izumo Class
Helicopter Carrier and Murasame. It will be commanded by Commander Escort Flotila – 3 Rear
Admiral IkeuchiIzuru.
Apart from these ships, P8I Long Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft, integral helicopters, Dornier
Maritime Patrol Aircraft, and MiG 29K fighter aircraft will also take part in the exercise.
Aim of the JIMEX-21
JIMEX-21 is being conducted with the aim of developing a common understanding of operational

procedures and enhancing an inter-operability by conducting a multitude of advanced exercises, in the
entire spectrum of maritime operations. These multi-faceted tactical exercises will consolidate the
coordination developed by both the navies.
About JIMEX Exercise
JIMEX series of exercises was started in January 2012. It mainly focuses on maritime security cooperation.
These exercises are conducted between Indian Navy and Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, biennially.
Other Military Exercises between both the countries
Besides JIMEX, India and Japan conduct a joint land military exercise called ‘Dharma Guardian’, annually.
They also conduct a Joint Air Force exercise called ‘Shinyuu Maitri’. India and Japan are also involved in a
Trilateral Maritime Exercise called Malabar with the USA.
Ministry of Tourism organising conference on Buddhist Crcuit
The Ministry of Tourism is organising a “Buddhist Circuit Train FAM Tour and Conference from October 4 to
October 8, 2021 in a bid to tap the potential of the Buddhist tourism.
About FAM Tour
The FAM tour will comprise of the visit of prominent Buddhist sites as well as conferences at Bodh
Gaya and Varanasi.
This conference is likely to be attended by 125 delegates including tour operators, media, hoteliers,
and officials of Ministry of Tourism & State Governments.
Around 100 local tour operators and other stakeholders of tourism & hospitality sector will attend the
event at Bodh Gaya and Varanasi for discussing the key issues with respect to the development and
promotion of tourism in the circuit.
Buddhist Tourism in India
India is among world’s largest reservoirs of history, culture, heritage, philosophy, and religion. With these
reservoirs, India is counted amongst the most desired destinations for tourists as well as pilgrims. India has
a rich ancient Buddhist Heritage comprising of important sites associated with Lord Buddha. Indian
Buddhist heritage is of great interest for the followers of Buddhism across the world. It has remained an
inspiration & guide to traditions and customs of India.
Buddhist Conclave
Buddhist Conclave is organised by Ministry of Tourism every alternate year. It is organised with the
objective of promoting India as a Buddhist Destination and major markets worldwide. In the year 2021, the
International Buddhist Conclave is scheduled from November 17 to 21.
Other initiatives by Ministry of Tourism
Ministry has showcased the Buddhist Sites on “Incredible India Website” and has developed a
dedicated website “www.indiathelandofbuddha.in”. It aims to promote rich Buddhist Heritage across
India.
Ministry is also working on projects for capacity building including Linguistic Tourist Facilitator
training in Japanese, Thai, Chinese and Vietnamese, languages.
Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development Scheme
Ministry of Textiles has approved the continuation of Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development
Scheme (CHCDS) on October 5, 2021.
Key facts
CHCDS scheme was approved with a total outlay of Rs 160 crore.
Scheme will continue up to March 2026 now.
Under the scheme, infrastructural support, design & technology upgradation, market access etc will
be provided to handicrafts artisans.

Aim of the scheme
CHCDS schemes was launched to create world-class infrastructure which will caters to the business needs
of local artisans & SMEs in order to boost production and export. These clusters have been set with the
objective of assisting the artisans & entrepreneurs in setting up world-class units with modern
infrastructure, adequate training, latest technology, and human resource development inputs. It is also
coupled with market linkages and production diversification.
Provisions under CHCDS
Under CHCDS, interventions such as Baseline Survey & Activity Mapping, Skill Training, Marketing events,
Improved Tool Kits, Publicity, Seminars, capacity building, Design workshops, etc will be provided. Scheme
will also provide for Emporiums, Common Facility Centres, Raw Material Banks, Trade Common Production
Centres, Facilitation Centres, Design & Resource Centres.
Who will undertake the projects?
Integrated projects will be taken up for development with the help of Central or State Handicrafts
Corporations, Autonomous body Council Institute, Registered Co- operatives, Registered SPV, Producer
company of artisans, that are having good experience in handicrafts sector.
Focus of the projects
These products will focus on integration of scattered artisans, building grass root level enterprises for them
and linking them to SMEs in the handicrafts sector in order to ensure economies of scale. Mega handicraft
clusters comprising of 10,000 artisans will be selected for overall development under the scheme.
Indian Scientists develops New Biodegradable Polymer
A team of Indian scientists have developed a non-toxic, environmentally friendly, biodegradable polymer
using guar gum and chitosan.
Key Facts
Guar gum and Chitosan are polysaccharides that are extracted from guar beans and shells of crab &
shrimps.
Fabricated guar gum-chitosan film with high water stability, high mechanical strength, and excellent
resistance against harsh environmental conditions can be used in packaging applications.
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide is one of the biopolymers having high potential for use in synthesis of packaging material.
But due to some drawbacks of polysaccharides, like low mechanical properties, low barrier properties and
high water-solubility, they are not preferred for packaging materials.
Guar gum-chitosan composite film
To overcome the challenges associated with polysaccharide, the team of scientists fabricated a guar gum-
chitosan composite film. It is a cross-linked polysaccharide that do not use any plasticizer with the help
“solution casting method”.
Properties of the film
The Fabricated biopolymer composite film had high water stability, high mechanical strength as well as
excellent resistance towards harsh environmental conditions. The fabricated cross-linked film is not easily
soluble in water. As per scientists, it did not dissolve even after 240 hours. Furthermore, the mechanical
strength is higher compared to general biopolymer. It is highly water repellent or hydrophobic because of its
high contact angle of 92.8º. Water vapor permeability is low as compared to the film made only from
chitosan.
State of the Education Report for India-2021
On the occasion of World Teacher’s Day, “United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)” released its “State of the Education Report (SOER)-2021 for India: No Teachers, No Class”, on

October 5, 2021.
Key Facts
This report is the annual flagship publication of UNESCO New Delhi. Report is prepared on the basis
of extensive research.
This is the third edition of the State of Education Report.
This year, report focuses on the theme of “teachers, teaching and teacher education”, highlighting
that work of teaching is complex.
The report attempts to provide understanding on the key aspects of the teaching profession and also
provides a profile of 9.6 million teaching workforce.
Report also highlights the challenges of intricate teaching routine as well as their professional
development.
Findings in the report were prepared on the basis of analysis of Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
and Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE) data.
As per report, there are around 1.2 lakh single-teacher schools in India. It accounts for 7.15 percent
of 11.51 lakh schools. Out of this, 89 per cent are in rural areas.
51 percent of total schools are employing 95 lakh teachers.
Report notes that, India requires 11.16 lakh additional teachers to meet the current shortfall.
States with high percentage of single-teacher schools are- Arunachal Pradesh (18.22%), Goa
(16.08%), Telangana (15.71%), Andhra Pradesh (14.4%), Jharkhand (13.81%), Uttarakhand (13.64%),
Madhya Pradesh (13.08 %) and Rajasthan (10.08 %).
UNESCO Recommendations
UNESCO suggests:
1. To improve the terms of employment of teachers across public and private schools
2. To increase the number of teachers and improve their working conditions across the North Eastern
states, rural areas as well as aspirational districts.
3. To recognize teachers as frontline workers etc.
Delhi: Health Information Management System (HIMS) project
Delhi Cabinet has given its financial nod for ambitious “Health Information Management System (HIMS)
project”.
HIMS health card
Under the HIMS project, each citizen will be provided with a health card, that will act as a repository
of their medical information.
Using the health card, doctors would be able to see a patient’s medical history
It will enable the patients to make appointments from home.
What data can be accessed?
Health card will be a unique health identifier for each individual using which everything, from the medical
history of patients to appointment dates, can be accessed.
Who will be issued the card?
Citizens aged 1 to 18 years will get their health card linked to their parent’s health card, while new-borns
(aged up to 1 year) will be linked to their mother’s health card.
Approval related to food-grains
On the occasion, Cabinet also approved Rs 48.14 crore for procurement, distribution and transportation of
food grains for citizens who are not having ration cards but are residing in Delhi. This decision will benefit
around 40 lakh non-PDS beneficiaries in the Capital. Government will provide non-PDS food-grains in Delhi

to the target beneficiaries through identified schools or locations. To provide free ration to the
beneficiaries, 16000 metric tonnes of wheat and 4,000 metric tonnes of rice will be required.
Who will meet the demand of food grains?
Delhi government will buy the ration from “Food Corporation of India”. Around Rs 42.4 crore will be spent for
the purchase and Rs 2.1 crore will be spent on transportation.
Road Transport Ministry's scheme for ‘Good Samaritans’
Ministry of road, transport & highways launched a scheme for “Good Samaritans” on October 4, 2021.
Key facts
Scheme will be effective from October 15, 2021 and will run till March 31, 2026.
Under the scheme, a cash award of Rs 5,000 will be provided per accident, to those saving the life of
a road accident victim by rushing the person to hospital within the ‘golden hour’ of the accident.
Cash award will be provided to motivate the general public in order to help the road accident victims
in emergency situation.
Cash award will also be accompanied with a certification of appreciation.
National Level Awards
Besides award in each case, ministry would also be giving 10 national level awards for the “worthiest
Good Samaritans”.
Most Worthy Good Samaritans will be selected from those who have been awarded during the entire
year.
They will be given an award of Rs 1,00,000 each.
MoRTH will provide Rs 5 lakh of initial grant to the transport department of states and UTs for
awarding the cash prize.
As per amendment, if Good Samaritan informs about the incident to the police at the first hand, then
police will provide an acknowledgement on official letter pad, after verifying details from doctor.
Individual Good Samaritan will be awarded a maximum five times in a year.
What is golden hour?
‘Golden hour’ is the 1-hour time period after a traumatic injury. During this period, there is the highest
possibilities of preventing death by providing prompt medical care.
Motor Vehicle Amendment Act, 2019
Rules had been notified under Section 134A of the Motor Vehicle Amendment Act 2019, on September 29,
2020 by the ministry.
Nobel Prize 2021 for Physics
The Nobel Prize 2021 for physics was awarded to three scientists from Japan, Germany and Italy. Secretary-
general of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Goran Hansson, announced the winners on October 5,
2021.
Key facts
Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann were awarded for their work in “physical modelling of Earth’s
climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”.
Second half of the prize was awarded to Giorgio Parisi for his “discovery of the interplay of disorder
and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales.”
As per Nobel Prize Panel, Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann have laid the “foundation of our
knowledge of Earth’s climate and how humanity influences it”.
Demonstration by Syukuro Manabe
Since 1960s, he had demonstrated how increases in amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases
the global temperatures. This demonstration laid the foundations for current climate models.

Demonstration by Klaus Hasselmann
He had created a model to link weather and climate. This model helped in explaining why climate models
can be reliable despite the chaotic nature of weather. He also demonstrated ways to look after specific
signs of human influence on the climate.
Model developed by Giorgio Parisi
He built a deep physical and mathematical model. This model made it possible to understand the complex
systems in fields of mathematics, machine learning, biology and neuroscience.
Background
In the year 2020, the prize was conferred to Andrea Ghez from America, Roger Penrose from Britain and
Reinhard Genzel from Germany for their research into black holes.
About Nobel Prize
The award comes with a gold medal as well as 10 million Swedish kronor. Money for prize comes from a
bequest left by the creator of prize & Swedish inventor, Alfred Nobel.
What is Heli-borne Survey Technology?
Union Minister, Dr Jitendra Singh, launched state-of-the-art Heli-borne survey technology on October 5,
2021.
Highlights
Heli Survey Technology was launched for ground water management.
In the first phase, the States of Rajasthan, Punjab, Gujarat and Haryana are being taken up for the
heli-borne survey.
Survey was started from Jodhpur in Rajasthan on October 5.
Heli Survey Technology
This technology has been developed by CSIR-NGRI Hyderabad.
The state-of-the-art technology, Heli Survey Technology, will be used to map the groundwater sources
in arid regions.
Survey will help in utilizing groundwater for drinking purposes.
Heli-borne geophysical mapping technique will provide high-resolution 3D image for sub-surface up to
a depth of 500 meters below the ground level.
Aim of the project
This project has been developed with the aim of mapping potential groundwater sources and its
management in providing safe drinking water to people in the water scarce arid regions of India.
Two Phases of the project
The mega project worth Rs. 150 crores will be implemented in two phases. To implement the project, CSIR
has collaborated with the Ministry of Jal Shakti under the “National Aquifer Mapping Project”. This project
will bring high visibility to CSIR to implement the Jal Jeevan Mission project.
Significance of the technology
Water technologies of CSIR from source finding to water treatment will positively contribute towards “Har
Ghar Hal se Jal” scheme as well as “doubling farmer’s income goals”.
Arid areas in India
Arid areas in north western India are spread across the States of Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat and Punjab.
The area covers about 12% of the total geographical area in India and is home to about 8 crore people.
Annual rainfall in arid areas is in the range of 100 to 400 mm. Thus, there is an acute shortage of water
throughout the year.
‘Electronic Pension Payment Order’ integrated with Digi Locker
Department of Ex-servicemen welfare working under ‘Ministry of Defence’ has integrated ‘Electronic Pension

Payment Order’ (EPPO) with the Digi Locker.
Key facts
Electronic Pension Payment Order is generated by Principal Controller of Defence Accounts (PCDA)
Pension, Allahabad.
EPPO has been integrated with Digi Locker for enhancing Ease of Living of Defence Pensioners.
Significance of the move
This move will enable all the Defence Pensioners to obtain the latest copy of Pension Payment Order,
instantly from Digi Locker. Initiative would create a permanent record of Pension Payment Order in the
Locker. It will also do away with the “time eliminate delays” in reaching the Pension Payment Order to new
pensioners. Necessity to hand over a physical copy for the order will also be eliminated with the new
initiative. It will also enable the Defence Pensioners to access Electronic Pension Payment Order from
anywhere on the globe.
Service provider
Principal Controller of Defence Accounts (PCDA) Pension, Allahabad was registered as a Service Provider. It
will provide Electronic Pension Payment Orders of more than 23 lakhs Defence Pensioners using the Digi
Locker platform.
About DigiLocker
It is an Indian digitization online service under the Digital India initiative, provided by Ministry of Electronics
and Information Technology (MeitY). The locker provides a cloud account to every Aadhaar holder and
enable them to access authentic documents or certificates like vehicle registration, driving license,
academic mark sheet etc in digital format. All these documents are accessed from the original issuers of
these certificates. Locker has 1GB storage space for each account for uploading scanned copies of legacy
documents.
Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week
The Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is observing the “Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week”,
starting from October 5, 2021.
Highlights
The campaign will culminate on October 10, 2021.
October 10 is also marked as the “World Mental health Day”.
Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week is being observed in India with the aim of encouraging
people’s participation in breaking the stigma associated with Mental Disorders.
Activities under the campaign
Other activities being held under the Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week include:
1. Virtual awareness workshops by NIMHANS, Bengaluru in association with Educational Institutions &
other organisations
2. Cycle rallies in Delhi,
3. Green ribbon campaign,
4. Short film release in regional languages,
5. Launch of #breakthestigma hashtag campaign and
6. Quiz or slogan competitions on mental health.
World Mental health Day
World Mental Health Day is observed globally to raise awareness regarding the mental health issues and
mobilizing efforts to support mental health. This year, the day will be observed at a time when covid-19
pandemic has transformed the daily lives to significant extent. This has given rise to various mental health
issues among people.

History of the day
First World Mental health day was celebrated in 1992 as an initiative of the World Federation for Mental
Health. Until 1994, the day had no specific theme. But in 1994, the Day was celebrated with a theme on the
suggestion of Secretary General Eugene Brody. Theme in 1994 was “Improving the Quality of Mental Health
Services throughout the World”.
World Federation for Mental Health
It is a global mental health organization having its members and contacts in around 150 countries.
October 7, 2021
The State of Climate Services 2021: Water report
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its new report titled “The State of Climate Services
2021: Water” on October 5, 2021.
According to WHO, climate change increases the risk of water-related hazards such as floods and
droughts.
Climate change will also increase the number of people affected by water scarcity.
As per report, in 2018, 3.6 billion people worldwide had inadequate access to water at least one
month per year.
This number is expected to exceed five billion by 2050.
Report also notes that, this situation is worsening as only 0.5 per cent of water on the Earth is
useable and available freshwater.
Water-related hazards have increased in past 20 years.
Flood-related disasters have increased by 134 per cent since 2000, as compared to past two
decades. However, number & duration of droughts have increased by 29 per cent during the same
period.
In Africa, about two billion people live in water-stressed countries. They suffer a lack of access for
safe drinking water and sanitation.
Drought-related Deaths
Report also highlights that, most of the drought-related deaths occurred in Africa. Thus, more robust end-to-
end warning systems is needed for drought in African region. Most of the flood-related deaths & economic
losses were witnessed in Asia.
Impact of Temperature
According to report, increasing temperatures are resulting in global & regional precipitation changes. It will
also lead to shifts in rainfall patterns as well as agricultural seasons.
Recommendations of WMO
WMO recommends that countries should increase investment in integrated water resources management
and drought & flood early warning systems. WMO also urged countries to fill the gap in capacity of
collecting data for basic hydrological variables.
Centre to constitute National Road Safety Board
Union Ministry of Road Transport & Highways notified to set up a “National Road Safety Board” recently.
Key Facts
The National Safety Board will be responsible for promotion of road safety, innovation and adoption
of new technology.
It will also regulate traffic and motor vehicles.
Notification also specifies provisions for the composition, eligibility for Chairman & Members of the
Board, term of office, selection process, powers & functions of the board, procedure of resignation &
removal, meetings of the Board etc.
Head office of the board
The Head Office of National Road Safety Board will be established in the National Capital Region. Board
might establish offices at other places as well in India.
Members of the board
The road safety board will comprise of the Chairman. Apart from that, these will be 3 to 7 members. All the
members will be be appointed by the Central Government.
Function of the board
Board will perform the following functions:
1. Board will be responsible for promotion of road safety, innovation and adoption of new technology.
2. It will also regulate traffic and motor vehicles.
3. To regulate traffic & motor vehicle, Board will formulate:
Specific standards for traffic management, road safety and road construction in hilly regions.
Guidelines for capacity building and development of skills for highway authorities, traffic police,
hospital authorities, educational & research organisations etc.
Guidelines to establish and operate trauma facilities and para-medical facilities.
4. Board will also provide technical advice and assistance to Central, State and local authorities on road
safety & traffic management.
Business Summit on National Mission on Edible Oils-Oil Palm in NE states
On October 6, 2021, “National Mission on Edible Oil- Oil Palm Business Summit” was held at Guwahati for
North Eastern States.
Highlights
The summit was organised in line with Prime Minister’s vision for holistic and balanced progress of
North East.
Summit was started under the chairmanship of Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar.
Summit showcases a film on oil palm plantation along with the watering of the oil palm plant.
Significance of the oil palm for NE
Government decision to make major intervention in North Eastern states for the promotion of oil palm will
turn NE states into oil palm hub of India. Special package and assistance for North Eastern states will
change the socio-economic status of farmers. It will also open up the employment opportunities as it will
set up oil palm mills along with infrastructure development.
Aim of the summit
Business summit is being organised with the aim of exploring:
1. The target of area expansion,
2. Details of viability gap payment,
3. Seedling requirement fixed for different states using processors
4. Details of viability gap payment
5. Interventions and assistance under the National Mission on Edible Oil.
Outlay of National Mission on Edible Oil
This Mission is being launched with a total outlay of Rs 11040 crore. It will bring an additional area of about
6.5 lakh hectares under Oil Palm plantation in next five years. Out of this, 3.28 lakh hectares will be from
North Eastern states while 3.22 lakh hectares will be from rest part of India.
GI tagged Mihidana from West Bengal exported to Bahrain
In order to promote indigenous & Geographical Identification (GI) tagged products, first consignment of GI
tagged sweet dish Mihidana from West Bengal was exported to Bahrain.

Highlights
GI tagged Mihidana was sourced from Bardhaman, West Bengal.
Consignment of the sweet dish Mihidana was exported by APEDA registered M/S DM Enterprises,
Kolkata.
It was imported by Aljazira Group, Bahrain.
It is being displayed and provided for tasting purpose to the consumers at Aljazira super stores in
Bahrain.
More consignments would be exported to Bahrain during Diwali festival.
Export of Jaynagarer Moa to Bahrain
To commemorate the historical legacy of century old sweet delicacy and GI certified Jaynagarer Moa, India
post released a specially designed envelope in collaboration with APEDA. The Jaynagarer Moa is prepared
from popped-rice ball & fresh date-palm jaggery in the Jaynagar city of West Bengal. A consignment
of Jaynagar Moa was exported to Bahrain in January 2021 from Kolkata.
About GI Tag
GI tag denotes specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are specific to that
origin. GI is a form of intellectual property right (IPR) and is different from other forms of IPR on the fact
that, it denotes the exclusivity of the community in a defined geography, rather than to an individual.
What goods can be GI tagged?
GI tag can be issued for agricultural, natural or manufactured goods with unique quality, reputation or
characteristics, unique to its geographical origin. For example, Basmati Rice, Darjeeling tea, Kanchipuram
Silk, Mysore Silk, Nagaland chilli products, Hyderabadi haleem, etc are sold with the GI tag and these
products have premium pricing.
Government approves 7 PM MITRA Parks
Union Cabinet has given its approval, on October 6, 2021, to set up seven PM MITRA parks, accomplishing
the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to establish Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Key Points
PM MITRA parks will be set up with an outlay of Rs 4445 crores in five years.
Announcement to establish such parks was made in Union Budget 2021-22.
This move will help India to stand at par with Global textile giants.
About PM MITRA
PM MITRA parks stands for “Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel” parks. These parks will be
established at Greenfield or Brownfield sites at different states. Establishment of the parks will benefit
unemployed with seven lakh direct jobs as well as 14 lakh indirect jobs. Under the project, parks will be
established through a special purpose vehicle, owned by state governments and Centre under a public-
private partnership (PPP) model.
Which states are establishing these parks?
Till date, 10 states have shown their interest in establishing the PM MITRA parks namely, Punjab, Odisha,
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.
Capital Support
Maximum Development Capital Support (DCS) of Rs 500 crore will be provided to Greenfield PM MITRA
while Rs 200 Crore will be provided to Brownfield PM MITRA, in order to develop a Common Infrastructure.
Apart from that, Rs 300 crore of Competitiveness Incentive Support (CIS) will also be provided to these
parks for early establishment of textiles manufacturing units there.
PM’s 5F Vision
PM MITRA initiative is motivated by PM Modi’s 5F vision of- “farm to fibre; fibre to factory; factory to

fashion; and fashion to foreign”.
SVAMITVA: PM distributes 1.7 lakh e-property cards in M.P
Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacted with the beneficiaries of Svamitva scheme in Madhya Pradesh on
October 6, 2021.
Highlights
On the occasion, PM also distributed e-property cards to 1,71,000 beneficiaries under the SVAMITVA
scheme.
SVAMITVA Scheme
SVAMITVA Scheme stands for “Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in
Village Areas”. It is a central sector scheme. It is implemented by the “Ministry of Panchayati Raj”. The
scheme is implemented with the aim of providing property rights to residents across rural areas. The
scheme will also make way to use property as a financial asset by villagers to take loans and other financial
benefits in urban areas. It also aims to demarcate inhabited lands in rural areas using latest surveying
drone-technology. Thus, the scheme also boosts the ecosystem of drone manufacturing in India.
Background
Central government had launched the SVAMITVA scheme on April 24, 2021 marking the National Panchayati
Raj Day. This scheme is a collaborative effort of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, State Revenue Department,
State Panchayati Raj Departments and Survey of India. It aims to provide an integrated property validation
solution in rural India.
Mapping of land
The scheme conducts the mapping of land parcels across rural inhabited areas using drones and
Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS). Under the scheme, mapping will be done in India in a
phase-wise manner for a period of four years that is “2020 to 2024”.
Objectives of the scheme
1. To create accurate land records for rural planning, in order to reduce property related disputes
2. To bring financial stability for rural citizens by enabling them to use their property as a financial asset
to take loans etc.
3. To determine property tax.
NASA To Launch Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission
American Space Agency, NASA has announced to launch “asteroid-killing Double Asteroid Redirection
Test (DART) spacecraft” on November 24, 2021.
Key Points
The spacecraft will be launched, aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket.
It will be launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base, California.
Under this mission, NASA will build advanced technologies which would protect the Earth from
hazardous asteroid collision.
Background
NASA is planning for this spacecraft because astronomers and scientists have been warning that; asteroids
might cause most damage if proper defence system is not developed against them. For instance, an
asteroid collision caused the extinction of dinosaurs from planet 66 million years ago.
Function of the spacecraft
The DART mission is based on the idea of developing a defence system against asteroid collision. It has
reached to its final stages of development. Under the mission, spacecraft will be sent towards Didymos
asteroid system, approximately 109.4 crore kilometres away from Earth. Didymos system comprise of two
asteroids namely, Didymos and Dimorphos. The spacecraft will ram into Dimorphos in order to determine

if kinetic impactor technology can be a reliable method to deflect asteroids. Kinetic impactor technology
requires flying the spacecraft directly into a small Solar System body.
Speed of the spacecraft
This suicidal spacecraft will collide into the system at the speed of 24,140 kmph.
Who built the spacecraft?
This spacecraft has been built and developed at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL).
About DART spacecraft
DART spacecraft comprises of a compact Roll-Out Solar Arrays (ROSA) and a Didymos Reconnaissance &
Asteroid Camera for Optical (DRACO) navigation.
WHO approves world's first Malaria vaccine
The World Health Organization (WHO) on October 6, 2021 endorsed the Malaria Vaccine called
“RTS,S/AS01”.
Highlights
RTS,S/AS01 is the world’s first vaccine against the mosquito-borne disease which kills around
400,000 people in a year. Most of the deaths are report among African children.
This decision was taken following a review of a pilot programme deployed since 2019 across the
countries like Kenya, Ghana, and Malawi where more than two million doses of the vaccine were
given.
This vaccine was first made in 1987 by pharmaceutical company GSK.
As per findings, vaccine resulted into reduction of severe malaria cases by 30 percent
Vaccine doses
WHO has recommended that, children up to the age of two, in sub-Saharan Africa and in other regions
having moderate to high malaria transmission should get four doses.
Deaths due to Malaria
According to WHO, a child dies of Malaria every two minutes. As per WHO’s 2019 data, more than half of
malaria deaths across the world were reported in six sub-Saharan African countries. A quarter of the deaths
were reported in Nigeria alone.
Malaria Vaccine
There are many existing vaccines against viruses and bacteria. But this is the first time that WHO
recommended to use a vaccine against human parasite. This vaccine acts against plasmodium falciparum,
which is one of five malaria parasite and the deadliest among all. RTS,S vaccine is known by the brand
name Mosquirix. It requires four injections and has a relatively low efficacy.
Most effective malaria vaccine
R21/Matric-M is the most effective malaria vaccine discovered so far. It has the efficacy of 77%. This is the
first vaccine which meets WHO’s goal of a malaria vaccine with at least 75% efficacy.
UAE announces Probe targeting asteroid between Mars & Jupiter
United Arab Emirates (UAE) announced its plan to send a probe on an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter
for collecting data regarding origins of the universe.
Key Facts
If this mission is successful, UAE will join the elite club of the European Union, Japan and the United
States. These countries have already completed its mission either an asteroid or a comet.
UAE’s mission would remain behind on the asteroid and transmit back the information regarding the
composition of asteroid on the Earth.
Project will be launched in 2028 and will landing on asteroid in 2033.
During a five-year journey, spacecraft will travel around 3.6 billion kilometres.

It will need to slingshot first across Venus and then Earth for gathering enough speed to reach an
asteroid located around 560 million kilometres away.
Partnering agency
Space Agency of UAE will partner with the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics of University of
Colorado to develop this project. Laboratory will offer a cost and describe what particular features of the
asteroid to UAE’s space agency.
Background
This project was announced in the backdrop of first successful launch of “Hope probe” in orbit of Mars in
February 2021. The car-size “Hope” mission was worth $200 million.
UAE’s mission on Moon
UAE has also planned to send an unmanned spacecraft to the moon in the year 2024.
Human Colony on Mars
UAE has also set the ambitious goal of building a human colony on Mars by 2117.
ICMR releases MUDRA Toolbox in 5 Indian languages
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) released “Multilingual Dementia Research and Assessment
(MUDRA) toolbox” in five Indian Languages on October 5, 2021.
Key Facts
Toolbox was launched in order to expand the care and outreach to people suffering from dementia.
Toolbox has been launched in languages including Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Telugu and Malayalam.
About MUDRA Toolbox
MUDRA Toolbox project is led by the ICMR Neuro-Cognitive Tool Box (ICMR-NCTB) partnership. It seeks to
improve dementia and mild cognitive impairment research & therapeutic practices in India. To implement
this project, ICMR-NCTB has collaborated with AIIMS (New Delhi), NIMHANS (Bengaluru), NIMS
(Hyderabad), SCTIMST (Thiruvananthapuram), Manipal Hospital (Bengaluru), Apollo Hospital (Kolkata) and
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College.
Use of the toolbox
Toolbox comprise of several cognitive tests which can be used to examine several aspects of cognition
such as executive functioning, speech, memory, and visuospatial functions. It is sensitive to the elements
affective cognitive test performance like language, education, and culture.
Dementia cases in India
Dementia is a neurological illness which affects the ability of person to perform activities of daily living. It
creates a loss in memory. As per Alzheimer’s and Related Disorders Society of India (ARDSIDementia),
currently more than 5.29 million persons are living with dementia in India. By 2030, number of dementia
patients is expected to reach 7.61 million.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
ICMR is the apex body to formulate, coordinate and promote biomedical research. It is one of the oldest and
largest medical research bodies across the world. It is funded through the Department of Health Research
of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
Annual International G-20 Conference- Highlights
th
13 Annual International G-20 conference was held on October 6, 2021. India was represented by Finance
Minister (FM) Nirmala Sitharaman.
Highlights
During the conference, FM noted that, India is working for identifying the vacuum areas in
international policy coordination, in the backdrop of assuming the G20 presidency in 2023.
India is also working for strengthening the effectiveness of institutions such as FATF (Financial

Action Task Force)and IMF (International Monetary Fund).
According to FM, G20 presidency will provide an excellent platform for India for putting forward its
vision regarding the future reflecting sustainability, innovation, inclusiveness and justice.
Road to India’s 2023 presidency is interesting and challenging.
Presidency of G20
Emerging market economies will hold the presidency for G20 presidency till 2025. Indonesia will hold it in
2022 while India in 2023.
Themes and Priorities set by India
Themes and priorities that India has placed before the G20 reflects those issues wherein emerging market
economies can work jointly in order to enable G20 to play a more constructive role across the global policy
arena. The theme will also reaffirm the importance of multilateral cooperation and ensure that
multilateralism leads to expansion of opportunities. It will also provide direction to G20 in reaching out to
global community beyond the G20 membership.
Impact of US taper tantrum on India
On US ‘taper tantrum’ impact on India, FM said, India has learnt its lessons from the taper tantrum that led
India to being included in ‘fragile five’ economies.
What is taper tantrum phenomenon?
The taper tantrum phenomenon denotes the 2013 collective reactionary response which triggered an
increase in US treasury yields, after investors came to know that US Federal Reserve was slowly putting
holds on its quantitative easing (QE) programme. This move has led to inflation in double digits across the
emerging economies.
Moody’s upgrades outlook on India’s sovereign rating to Stable
Rating agency Moody’s Investors Service upgraded the sovereign rating outlook of India to stable from
negative.
Highlights
This rating was upgraded citing reduced risks from COVID-19 as well as negative feedback between
real economy & financial system.
Moddy’s has retained India’s rating at Baa3. It reflects the lowest investment grade rating.
Moody’s further expects that real GDP will surpass pre-pandemic levels of 2019-20 in the year 2021
itself. This is because the ongoing economic recovery is picking up as the activity are broadening
across sectors.
Moody’s expects that 2021-22 will record a growth of 9.3% in GDP.
Background
Moody’s had downgraded India’s sovereign rating to Baa3 from Baa2 in June 2020 with a negative outlook.
Why Moody’s has upgraded the rating?
As per Moody’s, downside risks on growth because of coronavirus infection waves are lowering because of
rising vaccination rates and selective use of restrictions on economic activity. Furthermore, higher capital
cushions and greater liquidity highlights that banks & non-bank financial institutions have a lesser risk to
the sovereign now.
Impact on fiscal deficit
According to Moody’s, economic environment will lead to a gradual reduction of general government fiscal
deficit in next few years. It will also prevent further deterioration of sovereign credit profile.
Real GDP
In the medium term, Moody’s predicts that real GDP will increase to around 6%, reflecting a rebound in
activity to levels at potential. This growth was predicted by taking into account the weak infrastructure,

structural challenges as well as rigidities in labour, land & product markets.
Debt Burden
As per Moody’s, higher debt burden and weaker debt affordability will persists as compared to pre-
pandemic times. It will contribute to ‘lower fiscal strength’. This is why Moody’s has given Baa3 rating.
Anshu Malik:1st Indian woman wrestler to reach World Championship final
On October 6, 2021, Anshu Malik has become the first Indian woman wrestler to reach the final of 2021
World Wrestling Championships.
Key facts
She created this history after outclassing junior European champion Solomiia Vynnyk.
The 19-year-old wrestler from India and reigning Asian champion, Anshu, controlled the semi-final
from the beginning. She won by technical superiority in the 57 kg category.
Till date, only four Indian women wrestlers have won medals at the Worlds, namely Geeta Phogat in
2012, Babita Phogat in 2012, Pooja Dhanda in 2018 while Vinesh Phogat in 2019. All of them have
clinched bronze medal.
Anshu has also became only the sixth Indian ever to make the Worlds gold medal match. Before her,
Bishambar Singh, Sushil Kumar, Amit Dahiya, Bajrang Punia and Deepak Punia have made to the gold
medal match.
India has only one world Champion, named Sushil Kumar.
Who is Anshu Malik?
Anshu Malik is an Indian freestyle wrestler. She won gold in the 60 kg category in the Cadet Wrestling
Championships. She won one of the bronze medals in 57 kg category at the 2020 Asian Wrestling
Championships, that was held in New Delhi, in 2020. She also won the silver medal in women’s 57 kg event
at 2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup, Serbia. In Asian Wrestling Championships 2021, she won Gold
medal. She belongs to the family of wrestlers. Coach Jagdeesh is her coach, who give her training at
Chaudhary Bharat Singh Memorial Sports School in Nidani. Her father Dharamvir Malik, was an international
wrestler and has worked with the CISF.
October 8, 2021
World Bank Report- Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led Development
As per World Bank’s report titled “Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led Development”, Indian
economy is expected to increase by 8.3% in the fiscal year 2021-2022.
As per report, in the next financial year, India’s economic prospects will be determined by its pace of
vaccination against covid-19 and successful implementation of agriculture & labour reforms.
India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 20.1% in first quarter (April-June quarter) of
financial year 2021-22 in the backdrop of “a significant base effect, limited damage to domestic
demand and strong export growth”.
In the first quarter of financial year 2020-21, GDP of India was contracted by 24.4% because of
nationwide coronavirus lockdown.
The World Bank also observed that the disruption in India’s economy during the second wave of the
pandemic was limited, compared to the first.
World Bank on economic recovery
As per World Bank report, economic recovery across various sectors in India has been unequal.
Manufacturing & construction sectors recovered steadily in 2021. But, low-skilled individuals, self-employed
people, women and small firms were left behind.

Base Effect
Economic data such as ‘GDP growth rate’ are calculated on year-on-year basis. Thus, a low growth rate in
the previous year leads to low base for the number in current year.
How India will recover?
As per report, the extent of recovery in financial year 2021-’22 will depend on how faster household incomes
recover and activity across informal sector & smaller firms normalises.
What are the risks?
Risks associated with the extent of recovery include- worsening of financial sector stress, slowdown in
vaccination, higher inflation constraining monetary-policy support etc.
October 7: World Cotton Day 2021
World Cotton Day was observed on October 7, across the world, in a bid to raise awareness regarding the
cotton sector among people.
Key Points
UN World Cotton Day (WCD) is celebrated annually on October 7 with the aim of raising awareness
regarding the critical role of cotton sector in international trade, economic development and poverty
alleviation.
Annual celebration of the day provides a unique opportunity to recognize historic importance of
cotton as global commodity.
Theme of World Cotton Day 2021
World Cotton Day 2021 was observed under the theme- “Cotton for Good”. This theme celebrates the
enduring positive impact of cotton, such as providing employment, giving us natural fibres and protecting
environment.
Furthermore, according to experts, cotton has a negative carbon footprint because it degrades 95 per cent
faster as compared to polyester in wastewater. Thus, it helps in keeping the environment clean.
Background of World Cotton Day
World Trade Organisation (WTO) had launched the “World Cotton Day” in 2019 at the initiative of four
cotton-producing sub-Saharan African states namely Benin, Chad, Burkina Faso and Mali. The day offered
an opportunity of sharing knowledge and showcasing cotton-related activities.
About Cotton
Cotton is the only agricultural crop that provide both food and fibre. It is used in every other cloth because it
is comfortable, breathable, hypoallergenic and durable. Cotton is grown in 75 countries of 5 continents,
sustaining about 28.67 million growers. Cotton is the major source of livelihood as this sector provides
employment and income in the rural areas.
Annual revenue from cotton
As per International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), annual revenue from cotton is about USD 41.2
billion while, cotton trade accounts to USD 18 billion per year. As per UN, cotton crop is resistant to climatic
changes. So, it can be planted in dry and arid zones. The fibre occupies only 2.1 per cent of the world’s
arable land, but it meets 27 percent of the textile needs of world.
Guidelines for PM-CARES for Children scheme
Ministry of Women and Child Development issued a detailed guidelines for “PM CARES for Children
Scheme” on October 7, 2021.
Background
Guidelines were issued in the backdrop of announcement made by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May
29, 2021 regarding a comprehensive support for children who lost both their parents amid the Covid-19
pandemic.

About PM CARES for Children Scheme
PM CARES for Children Scheme has been launched with the objective of ensuring comprehensive
care and protection of those children who lost their parent(s) due to the pandemic, in a sustained
manner.
Scheme would also enable their wellbeing by providing them health insurance, empower them by
education and equip them with financial support for self-sufficient existence when they will reach 23
years of age.
Scheme will provide support to these children through convergent approach and gap funding to
ensure health, education, monthly stipend from the age of 18 years. They will also be given a lump
sum amount of Rs. 10 lakhs, at the age of 23.
Enrolment Procedure
Eligible children are required to register themselves from May 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021 in order to
avail benefits of the Scheme. Scheme will run till every identified beneficiary attains 23 years of age.
Entitlements under the scheme
Support will be provided for Boarding and Lodging by arranging suitable rehabilitation of the child
within extended family etc, or arranging foster care or placing them in gender appropriate Child Care
Institution (CCI).
Assistance will be given for Pre-school and School Education
Child will be assisted to obtain education loan for Professional courses or Higher Education across
India. If beneficiary is unable to avail interest exemption, then interest on this loan will be paid from
PM CARES for Children Scheme.
The lump sum amount will be transferred in post office account of beneficiaries directly.
Centre releases ₹40,000 crore as GST compensation
Central government released an amount of Rs 40,000 crore on October 7, 2021 to states and union
territories (UTs) with legislature.
Highlights
The amount was released under back-to-back loan facility for meeting the shortfall in GST
compensation.
Amount was released in addition to normal GST compensation which is being released every two
months out of actual cess collection.
In the fiscal year 2021-22, GST compensation is funded from borrowings of the Centre in five-year
securities, totalling Rs 23,500 crores at weighted average yield of 5.69%. It will also be funded in two-
year securities, totalling Rs 16,500 crores at a weighted average yield of 4.16% per annum.
With this release, total amount in the current financial year as back-to-back loans has equalled to Rs
1,15,000 crore.
Before this release, Ministry had given Rs 75,000 crores to states in July 2021.
Significance of the release
This release is expected to help states in planning their public expenditure, for improving health
infrastructure and launching new infrastructure projects.
Background
These amounts are being released in accordance to the decision taken by 43rd GST Council Meeting. In the
meeting, government had decided to borrow Rs 1.59 lakh crore in 2021-22 and release the among to states
on a back-to-back basis for meeting resource gap. Resource gap has been created due to inadequate
amount collected in compensation fund. This amount was decided on the basis of principles adopted in FY
2020-21, where Rs 1.10 lakh crores were released to states.

GST compensation cess
Central government provides “GST compensation cess” keeping the promise with states in the backdrop of
enactment of 101st constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 that made GST applicable from July 1, 2017. Under
GST, central and state indirect taxes were merged into a single tax. Thus, central government compensate
for any shortfall in tax revenue because of implementation of GST . This compensation would be given for a
period of five years.
UP: Judicial Commission for Lakhimpur Kheri probe
Uttar Pradesh government has set up a one-member Commission for probing “the Lakhimpur Kheri incident”
that took place recently in the state.
Highlights
In the Lakhimpur Kheri incident, eight people were killed.
The Judicial Commission has been given two months’ time to probe the incident.
Governor has appointed the judicial commission by exercising the powers conferred by section 3 of
the Commissions of Enquiry Act, 1952.
Single member commission will be headed by Justice High Court, Allahabad (retd) Pradeep Kumar
Srivastava.
Lakhimpur Kheri Violence
Lakhimpur Kheri violence took place on October 3, 2021. In the incident, eight people were killed. Out of
eight people, four were farmers. They were allegedly stroked down to ground by vehicles driven by BJP
workers travelling to welcome Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Keshav Prasad Maurya.
Arrest of the accused
Uttar Pradesh Police has arrested two accused, namely Ashish Pandey & Luv Kush so far, in connection with
the Lakhimpur Kheri case. Police have recovered two missed cartridges of .315 bore bullets from spot of
crime in Lakhimpur. Both the arrested individuals are among total of seven accused who were named in FIR.
Out of seven, three have died. Uttar Pradesh Police have also issued notice to Union Minister Ajay Kumar
Mishra & asked his son Ashish Mishra to appear before it on Oct 8. Meanwhile, Supreme Court has stepped
in and registered a suo motu case.
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 was conferred to Tanzanian novelist “Abdulrazak Gurnah”.
Key facts
The novelist was awarded with the Prize for his uncompromising & compassionate penetration of “effects
of colonialism” and fate of refugees in the gulf between cultures & continents.
Who is Abdulrazak Gurnah?
Abdulrazak Gurnah was born in the year 1948. He grew up on the island of Zanzibar in Indian Ocean. Later
he arrived in England as a refugee in 1960’s. He worked as Professor of English & Postcolonial Literatures
at the University of Kent, Canterbury. He has published ten novels and several short stories.
First Literature
His work revolves around the theme of the refugee’s disruption. He started writing as a 21-year-old in
English exile. Even though Swahili was his first language, he made English his literary tool. He consciously
breaks with convention to highlight the indigenous populations. As a result, his novel ‘Desertion’ about a
love affair becomes a contradiction to “the imperial romance”.
Cultural Interests
Alfred had broad cultural interests. He developed literary interests during his early youth, that lasted
throughout his life. His library comprised of a rich selection of literature in different languages. He tried his
hand as an author & started writing fiction during the last years of his life.

People recognised under this category
Academy has recognised 117 people for their literary creations, so far. Out of them, 16 are women.
2020 Nobel Prize in Literature
2020 Nobel Prize in Literature was given to American poet Louise Gluck, who is professor of English at Yale
University. He was awarded for her unmistakable poetic voice
India Joins High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People
India has officially joined the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, on October 7, 2021.
Key facts
India Joined the coalition at ceremony held between the French and Indian governments in New Delhi.
“High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People” is a group of more than 70 countries which
encourages the adoption of global goal to protect 30×30.
Members of HAC
HAC members presently comprise of a mix of countries in global north and south. Asia, Africa, European
and Latin American countries are among the members of HAC. India became the first emerging economy
from BRICS bloc to join the HAC.
Biodiversity Meeting
India’s announcement was done in the backdrop of lead up to a high-level biodiversity meeting which will be
hosted by China. This virtual meeting will take place from October 11 to October 15. Meeting will discuss
the key aspects of “biodiversity treaty” which is to be finalized in 2022. Global 30×30 goal is the centrepiece
of biodiversity treaty.
Background
India’s goal to join the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, was initiated in January 2021 in Paris
at the “One Planet Summit”. On the opening of COP15, Ambassador of France to India (Mr. Emmanuel
Lenain) said that on India joining the High Ambition Coalition will be a real game changer. This move will
boost multilateral efforts, since India is a major player for biodiversity protection.
Aim of the coalition
The HAC coalition aims for promoting an international agreement in order to protect at least 30 percent of
world’s land and ocean by 2030.
IAF celebrates 89th anniversary
Indian Air Force is celebrating its 89th Foundation Day on October 8, 2021.
Key facts
Air Force Day parade is being held at the Hindon airbase, Ghaziabad.
Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat, Chief of Army Staff General MM Naravane and Chief of
Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh are attending the event.
The parade was inspected by IAF Chief Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari.
This occasion is being celebrated as ‘Swarnim Vijay Varsh’, to commemorate the victory of 1971 war.
On the occasion, VR Chaudhari also presented the Vayu Sena Medal – Gallantry to the officers.
Indian Air Force (IAF)
IAF is the air arm of Indian Armed Forces. It was formed on October 8, 1932 as an auxiliary air force in
British Empire. Complement of personnel and aircraft assets of IAF are ranked fourth across the air forces
of the world. IAF works with the primary mission of securing Indian airspace. It also conducts aerial warfare
during armed conflict. British Empire honoured India’s aviation service with prefix Royal during World War II.
The name “Royal Indian Air Force” was kept after India gained independence in 1947. Prefix Royal was
removed in 1950, when government transitioned to a Republic.

Supreme Commander of IAF
President of India is the Supreme Commander of IAF. The Chief of Air Staff, is responsible for bulk of
operational command of IAF.
RBI Monetary Policy Committee Announcements
Three-membered Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) maintained an
accommodative stance and kept the repo rate unchanged at 4 per cent, in order to revive & sustain growth
and reduce the impact of Covid-19 pandemic.
Key points
Monetary Policy Committee has also ensured that inflation remains within the target.
Reverse repo rate was also kept as earlier at 3.35 per cent.
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and bank rate also remain unchanged at 4.25 per cent.
Policy rate revision
This was the eighth consecutive time that RBI has maintained a status quo on policy rate. The central bank
had last revised its policy rate on May 22, 2020, in an off-policy cycle in order to boost the demand by
cutting interest rates.
Status of economic activities
According to RBI Governor, high-frequency indicators point that economic activity has gained momentum.
Core inflation is still sticky. In July-September, CPI inflation was lower than expected. Currently, India is in a
much better place as compared to the last MPC meeting. Now, growth impulses are strengthening. Inflation
trajectory is also favourable than it was expected.
MPC’s GDP Forecast
MPC has retained the GDP forecast for FY 2021-22 at 9.5 per cent. GDP projection for Q2 FY22 is estimated
at 7.9 per cent, Q3 at 6.8 percent while Q4 at 6.1 per cent. Real GDP growth for Q1 of FY 2022-23 is
forecasted as 17.2 per cent.
CPI inflation
For financial year 2021-22, CPI inflation is projected at 5.3 per cent.
Food inflation
As per RBI, food inflation is predicted to remain muted in upcoming months, as a result of record production
of food-grains.
PM Modi to launch 'Indian Space Association'
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, is set to digitally launch the ‘Indian Space Association’ (ISpA) on October 11,
2021.
Highlights
Indian Space Association (ISpA) is the premier industry association of space and satellite companies.
ISpA is represented by leading home grown and global corporations having advanced capabilities in
space & satellite technologies.
Founding members of ISpA include Nelco (Tata group), Bharti Airtel, Larsen & Toubro, Mapmyindia,
OneWeb, Walchandnagar Industries and Ananth Technology Limited.
Core members include BEL, Godrej, Hughes India, Centum Electronics, Azista-BST Aerospace Private
Limited and Maxar India.
Function of ISpA
In line with the Prime Minister’s vision of Atma Nirbhar Bharat, ISpA aspires become the collective voice of
Indian Space industry. It will undertake Policy Advocacy as well as engage with all the stakeholders in
Indian Space sector. It will also engage with the Government and its Agencies for making India self-reliant,
technologically advanced and a leading player in space sector.

India’s space industry
Space industry of India is driven by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Space industry
comprise of more than 500 private suppliers and other various bodies from Department of Space. There are
comparatively low independent private agencies. However, private sector has been gaining an increased
role since 21st century. Space industry of India accounted for $7 billion in 2019 that is 2% of the world’s
space industry.
October 11, 2021
Nationwide River Ranching Programme launched in Uttar Pradesh
Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Parshottam Rupala, launched the River Ranching
Programme on October 8, 2021.
Highlights
The programme was launched at Brijghat, Garh Mukteshwar, Uttar Pradesh
Along with Uttar Pradesh, other 4 states namely, Orissa, Uttarakhand, Tripura and Chhattisgarh also
participated in the launch of ‘nationwide River Ranching program’.
3 lakhs fingerlings were ranched at 3 sites in UP, namely, Brijghat, Tigri, Meerut, Garhmukteshwar and
Bijnor.
In Uttar Pradesh, about 500 people participated in the national level launching of River Ranching
program.
1 lakh fingerlings were ranched at Chandi Ghat, Ganga River in Haridwar district of Uttarakhand.
85 lakh of fingerlings were ranched at 4 sites of Tripura namely, Gomati River in Udaipur; Khowai river
in Teliamura; Dhalai river in Kamalpur and Deo River in Dashamighat. About 218 participants attended
the program.
River Ranching Programme
River ranching programme was introduced as special activity under the ‘Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada
Yojana (PMMSY) scheme to augment and enhance fish production and productivity by expanding,
intensifying, diversifying and utilizing land & water productively.
Who is the implementing agency?
National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad is the nodal agency under central component of the
PMMSY. The board has been designated by the “Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries”.
What is the need of programme?
As the human population is growing, requirement of high-quality protein & demand of fish is increasing
gradually. Thus, to promote sustainable use and conservation of fishery resources in an economical and
environmentally responsible manner, River Ranching Programme was launched. This programme will help in
achieving sustainable fisheries, conserving biodiversity, assessing ecosystem services, reducing habitat
degradation and maximizing social-economic benefits. It will also ensure the upgradation of traditional
fishery, trade & social protection of Inland communities and ecosystem sustainability.
Coal Shortage Crisis in India
As per data of “Central Electricity Authority of India”. India is facing an unprecedented shortage of coal
stocks across the thermal plants which might lead to a power crisis.
Highlights
Of total 135 thermal plants using coal for power generation, 106 or nearly 80 per cent were either in
critical or supercritical stage, on October 5. These power plants had stocks for next 6-7 days only.
As of now, three thermal power stations in Punjab, thirteen in Maharashtra, four in Kerala are shut due
to shortage of coal.
However, Union Power Minister R K Singh stated that there is no shortage of power Delhi. He also
assured that coal supply will be maintained in times to come.
The Coal Ministry also said that India has adequate coal stocks. As per coal ministry, low inventory
doesn’t mean power generation would stop because stock of coal is being continuously replenished.
Why there is shortage of coal?
Possible reasons for shortage of coal in India include-
1. Excess rainfall, that hit the coal movement.
2. Imported coal-based power plants are generating less than half of their capacity because of high
prices.
3. Increase in Power Demand as the economy is recovering from the Covid-19 pandemic.
4. Coal based thermal power plants have supplied a higher proportion of increase in demand. Share of
thermal power has increased to 66.4% from 61.9% in 2019.
5. Slower imports along with high international prices of coal have led to cut in imports.
Possible Impacts of Coal Shortage
Coal shortage and electricity shortage might delay the economic reopening in India. It will hit hard the
underdeveloped energy infrastructure in India.
PM Modi to launch first ever ‘PM Gati Shakti’ Masterplan
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to launch first ever National Infrastructure Masterplan called “Pradhan
Mantri Gati Shakti”. This masterplan will be launched on October 13, 2021.
Key Points
Gati Shakti scheme was announced by PM Modi on Independence Day, 2021.
This Masterplan will bring together 16 Ministries and seven core infrastructure sectors, on a single
platform in order to synergise project planning across stakeholder ministries for avoiding duplication,
plug gaps and expedite clearances at the right time.
About Gati Shakti Platform
Gati Shakti platform was launched to provide information instantaneously. It will allow for better
coordination among ministries. Gati Shakti Scheme was launched with the aim of achieving three basic
goals namely,
1. Seamless multimodal connectivity for facilitating easy movement of goods & people,
2. Improved prioritisation, optimal usage of resources, timely creation of capacities, and
3. Resolution of issues like disjointed planning, standardisation & clearances.
Aim of the Master Plan
This Master Plan will provide a framework for ‘National Infrastructure Pipeline program’.
The plan also aims to make Indian products more competitive by cutting down their logistics costs
and improving supply chains. It also aims to give a foundation for holistic infrastructure and an
integrated pathway for the economy.
It will the local manufacturers of India in turning globally competitive.
Apart from that, this scheme of worth over one hundred lakh crore rupees will create employment
opportunities for the youth.
It seeks to attract investment from worldwide to improve the infrastructure in India and will provide
new direction & fresh momentum for overall infrastructure development in India.
Significance of the Plan
It is a seamless multi-modal connectivity platform and will ensure seamless movement of goods & people
and will enhance ease of living & ease of doing business.
India, UK sign Forward Action Plan on power
India and the United Kingdom have inked pact on ‘Forward Action Plan on power & clean transportation,

renewables, green finance, and green energy research” under its 2030 roadmap.
Highlights
‘Forward Action Plan’ was discussed at the “3rd India-UK Energy for Growth Partnership – Ministerial Energy
Dialogue”, in the backdrop of “United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP-26)” which is set to start
from October 31 in Glasgow.
Key discussions held during meeting
Both the countries deliberated and agreed on a ‘Forward Action Plan. The action plan covers several
topics such as energy storage, smart grids, charging infrastructure, green hydrogen, battery storage
and need of mobilising investments across renewable energy.
This action plan was agreed upon in the backdrop of India and the UK plan of exploring the possibility
to set up a “world bank for green energy”.
Energy transition was also a major area of discussion. Both the ministers discussed regarding the
ongoing energy transition activities in their respective countries. Primary focus area in the meeting
was renewables like solar, wind, EVs and other alternative fuels.
There hasn’t been much grip on the Green Climate Fund that was set up to provide $100 billion
annually to the developing nations by 2020 in a bid to counter climate change.
The UK had also announced a $1.2 billion package for public and private investment earlier, in green
& renewable energy projects. It also expressed its plan to collaborate with India on green hydrogen.
Green hydrogen
It is produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyser which is powered by electricity
from renewable energy like wind and solar. This can be a game change for energy sector in India and help in
reducing imports. India currently imports 85% of its oil and 53% of its gas demand.
India-Croatia joins hands for research in Traditional Medicine Systems
India joined hands with Croatia and inked a MoU for research & development in Indian traditional medicine
systems and for promoting Ayurveda in Europe.
Key Points
Croatian government is planning to package Ayurveda and Yoga from India, along with its tourism.
One of the goals of MoU is to connect European members for a more comprehensive offer of health
and tourism products.
To implement the plan, Ministry of Ayush has signed an agreement with the Croatia Heal Ministry for
academic collaboration in Indian traditional medicine system.
MoU was signed between All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) and Croatia’s Kvarner Health Tourism
Cluster.
Under the agreement, both the countries would undertake academic activities in Ayurveda in
association with the identified institutions.
Significance of the MoU
The agreement is significant because it will help in promoting Indian traditional medicine system across
European countries. It is a significant step to boost India’s ties with other countries and promote academic
research, medical education, clinical & educational activities, training, and competency building.
About India-Croatia Relations
India-Croatia Relations have been friendly since the era of former Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia disintegrated into
six new countries during 1990s due to political upheavals & conflicts during early 1990s. These six
countries are- Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. Croatia is an
important Central European country because of its geo-strategic location and membership of the European
Union & NATO. The country is a significant Gateway to Europe through the Adriatic coastline.

Telangana to test Mobile-based e-voting system
The Telangana State Election Commission has planned to conduct a dry run of a “Mobile-Based e-voting
system”.
Highlights
The development of this system is guided by the necessity of holding polls in India amid the Covid-19
pandemic.
This system, if successful, will facilitate to vote using smartphones from home.
The dry run will be held in Khammam district of Telangana on October 20.
It will be India’s first smartphone-based e-voting process.
Registration procedure
Voters can register themselves for the dry run, using the smartphone application in between October 8 and
18.
Implementing Agency
The state election commission of Telangana is implementing the system in association with the emerging
technologies wing of IT Electronics and Communications (ITE&C) department of Telangana government and
technical development by ‘Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC)’.
Use of Artificial Intelligence
Mobile-based e-voting system will make use of Artificial Intelligence for a three-factor authentication of the
valid voter. System will match the voter’s name with the Aadhaar, detect individual liveness and match
image using EPIC database comprising of around 20-year-old records.
Blockchain (Distributed Ledger) technology
This technology has been used to secure de-identified and encrypted votes in order to maintain them as
immutable records.
TSEC eVote App
This smartphone application follows a minimalist design approach, supporting both English and Telugu
languages. It comprises of a detailed help section for tutorial videos and a helpline number to aid the
citizens. It is a security-hardened mobile application that will prevent any type of tampering. System cannot
be misused because it binds a device ID and phone number to a specific citizen registration process. Only
that device can be used during voting.
UN Human Rights Council recognises 'Right to a clean environment'
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) unanimously voted to recognise a clean, healthy &
sustainable environment as a universal right. This right was recognised by UNHRC on October 8, 2021 in
Geneva, Switzerland.
Highlights
Once the right is recognised by all, it would be the first of its kind in 70 years, ever since the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in 1948 by the UN General Assembly.
Right to clean environment
Right to a clean environment was first rooted in “1972 Stockholm Declaration”.
Background
This resolution was approved following a campaign led by 13000 civil society organisations & indigenous
peoples’ groups, 90,000 children, private sector stakeholders and the Global Alliance of National Human
Rights Institutions.
About the UN resolution
This resolution emphasises on “Rights to life, liberty and security” of human rights defenders who are
working in environmental matters. They are referred as environmental human rights defenders. Clean-

environment resolution was passed by the human rights council. The resolution also called on countries to
boost their abilities of improving the environment. It was passed by 43-0. Four member states namely India,
China, Japan and Russia were abstained.
What are the concerns of Environmental defenders?
Environmental defenders worldwide are subject to constant physical attacks, legal actions, detentions,
arrests, and smear campaigns. In 2020 alone, around 200 environmental defenders have been murdered.
This the UNEP has deepened its commitment to protect and promote environmental human rights defenders
in times to come.
United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
UNHRC is a United Nations body that seeks to promote and protect human rights worldwide. Council
comprises of 47 members and they are elected for staggered three-year terms on a regional group basis. Its
headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland.
October 10: World Mental Health Day
World Mental Health Day was observed across the world on October 10, 2021 with the objective of raising
awareness on mental health issues.
Key Points
The day is observed to gain support on initiatives related to mental health and well-being.
This year, world mental health is more significant because Covid-19 has majorly impacted the mental
health of people.
World Health Assembly
During the World Health Assembly in May 2021, governments from across the world recognised the need of
scaling up quality mental health services at all the levels. Some of the countries have found new ways to
provide mental health care to their populations.
World Mental Health Day campaign 2021
During the World Mental Health Day 2021 campaign, WHO will showcase the efforts made in some of the
countries to inspire other countries to initiate & find new ways to provide mental health care support. The
campaign is being organised by the World Health Organisation under the slogan: “Mental health care for all:
let’s make it a reality”.
About World Mental Health Day
World Mental Health Day is an international day for global mental health awareness, education and
advocacy against the social stigma. The day was first observed in the year 1992 at an initiative of World
Federation for Mental Health. This federation is a global mental health organization comprising of members
& contacts from more than 150 countries. In some countries, like in Australia, this day is part of an
awareness week.
Football: Sunil Chhetri equals Pele with 77th goal
Sunil Chhetri has equalled the legendary Pele by making the 77th international goal as his 83rd minute
strike, on October 10, 2021.
Key Points
77th goal by Chhetri during the strike helped India to beat Nepal by 1-0.
This goal also saved his side from the verge of elimination in SAFF Championships.
This achievement was made by Chhetri while playing in his 123rd match for India.
He is now placed on joint third with Ali Mabkhout from UAE, in the list of highest scorers among
active footballers.
He is behind Cristiano Ronaldo with 112 goals and Lionel Messi with 79 goals.

About SAFF Championship 2021
Seven-time champions India has now been placed at the third place with five points from three matches in
“five-team table”. India is placed below Maldives with six points from three matches and Nepal with six
points from three matches. India still needs to win the final round-robin league match against hosts
Maldives in order to make it for the final.
South Asian Football Federation Championship (SAFF Championship)
SAFF championship was earlier known as “South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation Gold Cup”.
This championship is an international association football competition of men’s national football teams. It
is governed by South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). All seven teams namely Bangladesh, India, Bhutan,
Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, are eligible to compete in this tournament. This tournament is held
every two years. Afghanistan is the latest country to join SAFF in 2005. However, Afghanistan quit this
association in 2015 and became a founding member of Central Asian Football Association (CAFA).
India agrees to $200 mn LoC to support Kyrgyzstan
According to External Affairs Minister (EAM), S Jaishankar, India has agreed on USD 200 million Line of
Credit support for the developmental projects in Kyrgyzstan.
Key Facts
This line of credit was agreed upon after meeting between EAM S. Jaishankar and Kyrgyz Foreign
Minister Ruslan Kazakbaev in Bishkek.
Kazakhstan is the current Chair and initiator of CICA Forum.
Jaishankar is also expected to hold bilateral talks with Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of
Kazakhstan, Mukhtar Tileuberdi.
During the meeting, Jaishankar also discussed the need of early travel of Indian students and liberal
visa regime between both the countries.
India-Kyrgyz Republic Relations
Diplomatic relations between India and Kyrgyz Republic Relations have become more significant in the 21st
century. Initially in 1990s, it has remained passive. Both the countries seek to develop an extensive
commercial and strategic partnership in Central Asia region. India recognised independence of Kazakhstan
from the Soviet Union after Soviet Union got dissolved in 1992. In recent years, India is working towards
increasing its commerce and strategic ties with Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is significant because it occupies
a major territory in Central Asia comprising of extensive oil, natural gas and mineral reserves. India seeks to
expand its ties in the backdrop of increasing economic & strategic influence of China.
India-Kazakhstan Energy Cooperation
India is working for the development of nuclear energy industry as a clean alternative for satisfying its huge
energy needs. Kazakhstan has huge uranium required for nuclear energy. Thus, India is developing a strong
relationship with Kazakhstan.
Long haul freight trains ‘Trishul’ and ‘Garuda’ operated at SCR
Railways successfully operated two long haul freight trains called “Trishul” and “Garuda” for the first time in
South-Central Railway (SCR).
Highlights
These trains are twice or multiple times longer than normal composition of freight trains.
They provides an effective solution for the problem of capacity constraints in critical sections.
About Trishul
Trishul is the first long haul train of SCR comprising three freight trains, that is 177 wagons. The train was
started from ‘Kondapalli station of Vijayawada division’ to ‘Khurda division East Coast Railway’.

About Garuda
SCR is followed up with the similar train called Garuda on October 8. The train was started from Raichur of
Guntakal division to the Manuguru of Secunderabad division.
Features of the trains
Both the trains comprise of empty open wagons to load the coal which is meant for predominantly thermal
power stations. SCR is one among the five major freight loading railways. Several SCR freight traffic moves
in certain arterial routes like Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Renigunta, Gudur, Kazipet, Ballarshah,
Secunderabad, Guntakal sections and Guntur.
South Central Railway
It is one among the 18 zones of Indian Railways. Its jurisdiction is spread over Telangana, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The zone has three divisions under its administration,
namely Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. It was re-organized in the year 2019. Divisions of
Vijayawada, Guntakal and Guntur railway station were separated to form South Coast Railway zone. Its
headquarter is at Secunderabad railway station.
October 12, 2021
Nobel Prize in Economics 2021
Three United States-based economists namely, David Card, Joshua D Angrist and Guido W Imbens have
been conferred the “Nobel prize in Economics 2021”.
Highlights
They were conferred with the prize for their work on “use of natural experiments” on the impact of
minimum wage, immigration and education on the labour markets.
One half of the prize was awarded to David Card, while the other half of the prize is shared by Joshua
Angrist and Guido Imbens.
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences, is conferred in memory of Alfred Nobel and is widely
known as Nobel Prize for Economics.
This prize was started in the year 1968 by donation from central bank of Sweden called “Sveriges
Riksbank” to the Nobel Foundation in order to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the central bank.
Prize comprises of a 10 million Swedish kronor award money which roughly accounts for Rs 8.33
crore.
It is officially titled as “Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences” in the Memory of Alfred
Nobel”.
2021 edition
In the year 2021, David Card has been conferred the award “for his empirical contributions to labour
economics”. He analysed the effects of minimum wages, immigration and education on the labour
market.
Angrist and Imbens have been awarded “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of
causal relationships”. Both of them developed a research framework which have been adopted by
many researchers who work with observational data.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021 was released by “United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP)” and “Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI)”.
Highlights
This report examines the level and composition of multidimensional poverty across 109 countries
covering 5.9 billion people.
It also takes into account several deprivations that people experience in their day to day lives such as
poor health, inadequate education and poor standard of living.
World Scenario
As per report, 1.3 billion people are multidimensionally poor, of which around 644 million are children
under age 18.
85 percent of them live in Sub-Saharan Africa (556 million) or South Asia (532 million).
67 percent of the poor live in middle-income countries.
1 billion poor are exposed to solid cooking fuels, inadequate sanitation and substandard housing.
788 million poor people live in household with at least one undernourished person.
568 million poor people do not have improved drinking water within a 30-minute round trip walk.
Indian Scenario
Scheduled Tribe group in India, which accounts for 9.4 percent of the population, is poorest. Out of
129 million people, 65 million are living in multidimensional poverty.
Out of 283 million scheduled caste group people, 94 million are living in multidimensional poverty.
In all, five out of six multidimensionally poor people live in households whose head is from a
Scheduled Tribe, a Scheduled Caste or Other Backward Class (OBCs).
About MPI
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was launched by the UNDP and the OPHI in the year 2010. MPI
uses three dimensions and ten indicators including:
1. Education: Years of schooling and child enrolment (1/6 weightage each)
2. Health: Child mortality and nutrition (1/6 weightage each)
3. Standard of living: Electricity, drinking water, flooring, sanitation, cooking fuel and assets (1/18
weightage each).
GI Tag for Karuppur kalamkari paintings, Kallakurichi wood carvings
The traditional dye-painted figurative called Karuppur Kalamkari Paintings, and Kallakuruchi wood carvings
have received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
Highlights
Kallakuruchi wood carvings is done using pens, palm stem, date trees, brushes made of bamboo stick
and coconut tree stems.
This certificate was issued the Geographical Indications Registry on the basis of an application filed
by Tamil Nadu Handicrafts Development Corporation (Poompuhar).
About Kalamkari
The Karuppur Kalamkari Paintings are done in Thanjavur region. These are traditional dye-painted figurative
and patterned clothes. They are made for temples like ceiling cloth, cylindrical hangings, umbrella covers
and chariot covers. Thanjavur tradition of Kalamkari had canopies, umbrella covers, thombai (cylindrical
hangings), and ‘thoranams’ (door hangings) comprising of motifs of yazhi, peacock, swan, flowers, and
images of deities. They are used in temples and mutts.
Background of Kalamkari
Artisans from Sikkalnaikkanpettai near Kumbakonam have been practicing this traditional art form for many
generations. Artisans enjoyed royal patronage in times of yore. Presently, this traditional art form is
practised at Karuppur in Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district as well as in villages around
Sikkalnaikkapettai and Tiruppanandal in Thanjavur district.
Kallakurichi Wood Carvings
These carvings are done for designs and ornaments. These are indigenous to Madurai region

Geographical Indication
GI is a tag used to identify products originating from a definite geographical territory and have some special
characteristics. The tag is governed by Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act,
1999 in India. The Geographical Indications Registry, Chennai issues these tags. The tag is valid for a period
of 10 years. It is also a part of the “Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)” by World
Bank.
PM Modi to attend G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit on Afghanistan
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to attend the G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit will be organised to discuss the situation in Afghanistan.
This event will be convened by the G20 Italian Presidency in virtual mode.
Agenda of the meeting
During the meeting, top world leaders will discuss the response to humanitarian needs as well as access to
basic services & livelihood in Afghanistan. Leaders will also discuss the issues of counter terrorism,
security and human rights.
SCO-CSTO outreach summit
PM Modi had also participated in “SCO-CSTO outreach Summit” on Afghanistan. On the occasion, he had
highlighted the challenges associated with peace and security in the region. He had warned the countries
that, recent developments in Afghanistan could result into an uncontrolled flow of drugs, illegal weapons as
well as human trafficking.
Role of G20 in Afghanistan
The G20 grouping consists of 20 world’s major economies. This platform helps in building international
consensus as well as facilitate a coordinated approach between the multilateral organisations, including the
United Nations (UN) and its agencies. It also facilitates coordination among global and regional actors in
order to address the worsening humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan.
About Group of Twenty (G20)
G20 is an intergovernmental forum consisting of 19 countries and European Union (EU). The group
addresses major issues related to global economy like climate change mitigation, international financial
stability and sustainable development. This grouping was founded in 1999 in the backdrop of several world
economic crises. Since 2008, the group meets at least once a year. The G20 summits involves head of
government or state, foreign minister, finance minister, and other high-ranking officials. EU is represented
by European Commission and European Central Bank.
Germany launches World's First Self-Driving Train
German rail operator, Deutsche Bahn and industrial group, Siemens launched the first automated &
driverless train of the world on October 11, 2021.
Highlights
The self-driving train was launched in the city of Hamburg.
This train is more punctual and energy efficient as compared to traditional trains.
Country has planned to add four such trains to the S-Bahn rapid urban rail network of northern city.
These trains will start carrying passengers from December on the existing rail infrastructure.
Other cities such as Paris have driverless metros on the other hand, airports often have automated
monorail trains plying terminals. However, these trains run on exclusive single tracks while the
Hamburg train will share tracks with other regular trains.
World’s first self-driving train
This project is being developed by ‘Siemens and Deutsche Bahn’. It is being dubbed as “world first”. The

project is part of a 60-million-euro modernisation of rapid urban rail system of Hamburg. These automated
trains will offer a reliable service without laying a single kilometre of new track. These trains can transport
“up to 30 percent more passengers”. Besides improving the punctuality, these trains will save more than 30
percent of energy.
Who will run the trains?
Though the train is controlled by digital technology and is fully automated. But a driver will sit on the train to
supervise journeys of the passengers on board.
Deutsche Bahn
It is a German railway company, having its headquarter in Berlin. It is a private joint-stock company. The
Federal Republic of Germany is the only shareholder in the company. It is the second-largest transport
company in the world. In the year 2015, Deutsche Bahn was the largest railway company of the world by
revenue.
IEA invites India to become full-time member
International Energy Agency (IEA) has invited India to become its full-time member.
Key Points
This membership invitation was given in the light that, India is world’s third-largest energy consumer.
If this proposal is accepted, it will require India to increase its strategic oil reserved to 90 days
requirement.
Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri held discussions with IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. During the
discussion, IEA executive director invited India to deepen its cooperation with IEA by becoming its full
member.
India as associate member
India became an associate member of the IEA in March 2017. IEA is a Paris-based body that advises
industrialised nations regarding the energy policies. In January 2021, IEA members & India agreed to enter
into a strategic partnership in order to strengthen their collaboration with respect to energy security and
clean energy transition.
IEA report
According to IEA report, India is becoming increasingly influential in global energy sector.
India’s demand for energy is set to increase rapidly in the coming decades, particularly the electricity
use.
India’s reliance on fuel imports will make the improving energy security a key priority for Indian
economy.
IEA members
IEA comprises of 30 member countries and eight associate nations. Four countries are seeking for a full
membership namely, Colombia, Chile, Israel and Lithuania.
Conditions for IEA members
As per IEA, a member country must maintain “crude oil and/or product reserves equal to 90 days of net
imports in previous year. For this purpose, government has immediate access and it can be used to address
disruptions in global oil supply. The current strategic oil reserves are equal to 9.5 days of its requirement, in
India. Furthermore, the IEA members has to show “a demand restraint programme for reducing national oil
consumption by up to 10%.
About IEA
IEA was founded in 1974 by industrialised countries under the framework of Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD).

Alexander Schellenberg appointed Austria's new Chancellor
On October 11, 2021, Alexander Schellenberg was elected as Austrian Chancellor after resignation of
Sebastian Kurz.
Highlights
Sebastian Kurz resigned because of his involvement in a corruption scandal.
Apart from Alexander, Michael Linhardt joined in for the role of foreign minister. He was the former
ambassador to France.
Appointment of both the persons helped in ending the crisis within the Austrian government, Austrian
People’s Party and Green Party Coalition.
Investigation against Kurz
Investigation against Kurz was related to a poll and was commissioned by the Austrian Ministry of Finance,
which supports the Austrian People’s Party and Kurz. As per investigators, misappropriation of funds from
Ministry of Finance for conducting public opinion surveys is in the interest of party’s political progress.
Publication of allegations in media group comes with more than 1.1 million euros for cooperation. However,
allegations were denied by media group. Kurz was accused for inciting bribery.
About Alexander Schallenberg
He is an Austrian diplomat, jurist and politician of Austrian People’s Party. He currently serves as the
Chancellor of Austria. In the second Kurz government, he has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He is a
member of the Schallenberg family. He is a graduate from College of Europe. He was a career diplomat &
became a mentor to Sebastian Kurz when he became foreign minister. Kurz selected him as the director of
strategic foreign policy planning as well as the head of European department.
Tunisia's President unveils new Government
President of Tunisia, Kais Saied, unveiled a new government on October 11, 2021.
Highlights
The President also gave no hint when he would give up his near total control, seizing most powers in
July 2021.
He also did not give any hint to start reforms which are required for a financial rescue package to
avert economic disaster.
Under rules President Kais Saied announced in September 2021 when he swept aside many of the
constitution moves and bring a new amendment that, cabinet will ultimately answer to him instead of
Prime Minister Najla Bouden.
Many of the main cabinet members, such as foreign and finance ministers, were serving President
Saied in an interim capacity, already. However, new interior minister is one among his stable allies.
Power of President Saied
Saied has thrust the democratic gains of 2011 revolution in Tunisia into doubt by seizing the executive
authority and suspension of elected parliament. He also provided no clear programme to restore normal
constitutional order. He also awarded himself the power to appoint a committee for amending the 2014
constitution and put it to a referendum.
Concerns in Tunisia
The delay in appointing the government has aggravated Tunisia’s urgent need of financial support by
stopping talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on a rescue package. Central Bank governor has
also warned of economic consequences. Furthermore, there are increasing fears of street
confrontations between his opponents.
Covid: WHO recommends 3rd dose for immunocompromised
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended for third dose of immunocompromised, following

a four-day meeting of the “Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization”. The final report
on the matter will be issued in December.
Key Points
According to SAGE, moderately & severely immunocompromised persons should be given an
additional dose of all WHO-approved vaccines.
This recommendation was made because these individuals are less likely to respond to vaccination
following a standard primary vaccine series. They are also at the high risk of
severe COVID-19 disease.
SAGE also recommends that, people aged 60 and older who are receiving Sinovac and Sinopharm
vaccines should get the third dose as well. However, use of other vaccines can also be considered on
the basis of supply and access.
While implementing this recommendation, Countries should maximize 2-dose coverage in that
population. Countries should administer the third dose, starting with the oldest age groups.
SAGE also reviewed a vaccine developed by ‘Bharat Biotech’ and will issue a policy recommendation
after WHO will allow its emergency use.
Global vaccine strategy by WHO
WHO also announced a Global vaccine strategy to end the COVID-19 pandemic by ensuring all people
across the world have access to vaccines. This strategy calls for inoculating 40 per cent of people across
the countries by the end of 2021 and 70 per cent by 2022. It provides for a three-step approach for
vaccination. Under the strategy, priority will be given to older people, high-risk groups of all ages and health
workers, followed by adults and then adolescents.
Malaria vaccine
SAGE along with WHO advisory group on malaria reviewed the evidence on world’s first malaria vaccine.
They recommended to use RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in areas with moderate to high transmission of the malaria.
Finance Ministry's Monthly Economic Review
The Ministry of Finance recently released its “Monthly Economic Review for September 2021”. According to
the report, Indian economy is on path of swift recovery from the impact of Covid-19 pandemic.
Key Findings
As per economic review report, sustained & robust growth in agriculture sector, rebound in
manufacturing & industry sector, resumption of services activity & revenues indicates that the Indian
economy is progressing well.
External sector continues to offer bright prospects to growth revival in India. The merchandise
exports of India have crossed USD 30-billion mark for the sixth consecutive month in fiscal year
2021-2022.
External debt-to-GDP ratio has declined to 20.2 per cent in June 2021, from 21.1 per cent in March
2021.
Rate of growth of bank credit was 6.7 per cent during September 2021 as compared to 5.3 per cent in
same period of year 2020.
Recovery is witnessed through e-way bills, sustained improvement in power consumption, rail freight
activity, robust GST collections and increase in air freight & passenger traffic.
Highway toll collections are also on higher side, posting a 21-month high.
Digital transactions have also increased.
Conclusion
The report concludes that strategic reforms & rapid vaccination drive has pulled India on the path of
recovery. This became possible because vaccination has enabled Indian economy to “navigate the ravaging

waves” of covid-19 pandemic.
Debt-to-GDP Ratio
The debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio between government debt and its gross domestic product (GDP). Low
debt-to-GDP ratio indicates that, an economy is producing and selling goods & services sufficiently to pay
back debts without leading to further debt.
Rajnish Kumar joins BharatPe as Chairman
Former chief of State Bank of India, Rajnish Kumar, has joined the Board of BharatPe as chairman.
Key Points
Rajnish Kumar will get involved in defining the short-term and long-term strategies of companies.
He will also work closely with other Board Members and chief experience officer (CXOs) on key
regulatory and business initiatives.
BharatPe-Centrum Capital received an in-principal approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to
set up a small finance bank which will take over the Punjab Maharashtra Bank.
Function as chairman of BharatPe
As the chairman of BharatPe, Rajnish Kumar will advice and counsel the management of BharatPe regarding
the matters on business performance as well as corporate governance.
Term as Chairman
Rajnish Kumar completed his term as chairman of India’s largest lender SBI in October 2020. Currently, he is
working as advisor (resource raising) to the Andhra Pradesh government. He also serves as an independent
non-executive director at HSBC Bank, L&T infotech and Asia.
Term as Managing director
Rajnish Kumar has also served as the managing director of National Banking Group, and managing director
(Compliance & Risk) of State Bank of India. The senior bank official had also headed the Capital Markets
Ltd as managing director and chief executive officer of State Bank of India.
About Rajnish Kumar
He is an Indian banker, holding the position of Chairman of SBI. He became chairman of SBI on October 7,
2017. His three-year term ended on October 6, 2020. He is the Probationary officer of 1980 batch.
Civil Aviation Min approves Akasa Air to operate in India
Ministry of Civil Aviation has given a no-objection certificate (NOC) to new airline named ‘Akasa Air’ for its
operation in India.
Highlights
Akasa Air is baked by Rakesh Jhunjhunwala as well as ex-Jet Airways CEO Vinay Dube.
The new airline has set its aim to start operations by mid-2022.
The airline has planned to operate approximately 70 planes in next four years.
About Akasa Air
Akasa Airline is a Ultra-low-cost carrier service (ULCC), which is being launched by Rakesh Jhunjhunwala.
He holds a 40 per cent stake in the company. He has also onboarded aviation industry veterans like former
Jet Airways CEO Vinay Dube and Aditya Ghosh, ex-IndiGo president. Vinay Dube is CEO of the Akasa
company while Aditya Ghosh is expected to act as Jhunjhunwala’s nominee. This Mumbai-based investor is
set to pump in $35 million. It is also planning launch a fleet of 70 planes in next four years. This airline will
serve all Indians regardless of their socio-economic or cultural backgrounds.
ULCC model
ULCC stands for “ultra-low-cost carriers”. Under this airline business model, company focuses on keeping
operating costs lower than the typical budget airlines such as IndiGo and SpiceJet. In low-cost carriers
(LCC) model, airlines unbundle certain amenities which are usually associated with the full-service airline

experience such as seat selection, food and beverages, etc. In the ultra-low-cost model, there will be more
unbundling of services including checked-in baggage, cabin baggage, etc. LCCs operate with lower fares
while ULCCs operate with minimal costs in order to ensure profitability.
October 13, 2021
Cabinet approves affiliation of 100 schools with Sainik School Society
Union Cabinet given its approval for affiliation of one hundred government sector as well as private sector
schools with the Sainik School Society.
Key Facts
Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the proposal on October 12, 2021.
In line with the approval, affiliated Sainik Schools will be launched under Sainik Schools Society of
Ministry of Defence.
These Schools will function as an exclusive vertical and will be distinct and different from existing
Sainik Schools.
First phase of affiliation
In the first phase, government has proposed that, 100 affiliate partners will be drawn from States, NGOs and
Private partners.
National Education Policy
These schools were affiliated in line with the National Education Policy. Government has also decided to
provide an increased focus on value-based education which will enable children to develop pride in rich
culture and heritage of India. It will also develop effective leadership among them with discipline, character,
sense of national duty & patriotism.
Admission of Children in Sainik schools
Starting from the academic year 2022-2023 around five thousand students will receive admission in class
six in 100 such affiliated Schools. Currently, existing 33 Sainik Schools have an admission capacity of about
three thousand students in class six.
About Sainik Schools
Sainik Schools are the system of schools across India, which are established and managed by Sainik
Schools Society under the Ministry of Defence (MoD). These schools were conceived in the year 1961 by V.
K. Krishna Menon.
Velyat: Iran’s annual Air Defence Drill
Iran started a massive, two-day air defence drill in its sprawling central desert, on October 12, 2021.
Highlights
In the annual manoeuvres called Velyat, both the army and the paramilitary Revolutionary Guard were
taking earlier.
Now, elite air force, air defense units and the Guard’s airspace division would participate in the drill.
Iran regularly holds such drills in order to assess the troops’ combat reading readiness and
demonstrate its military capabilities.
Background
Earlier in October, Iran had held a drill near its border with Azerbaijan. During the drill, it displayed
military capabilities near a neighbour, for which Iran is increasingly skeptical for its ties to the West
and Israel.
This military drill was conducted in the light that, Azerbaijan and Israel have strengthened their
military alliance in the recent months. Israel supplies high-tech drones to help Azerbaijan in its
conflict with Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh region.
The Nagorno-Karabakh region remained on edge over Iran’s escalating nuclear programme.
2015 Nuclear Deal
Talks in Vienna to revive tattered Iran’s 2015 accord with world powers have stopped since June, 2021. No
date is set for their resumption. Under the 2015 nuclear deal, Iran drastically limited its enrichment of
uranium in exchange of lifting economic sanctions. In 2018, Former American President, Donald Trump,
unilaterally withdrew USA from 2015 accord. This raised tensions across Middle East and resulted into a
series of attacks and incidents.
Breaching Limits
With the discontinued talks in Tehran, Iran has breached limits set by the nuclear deal. Iran is enriching
small amounts of uranium to its levels to weapons-grade purity. Though, Iran claims that its nuclear
program is only for peaceful purposes.
October 12: World Arthritis Day
The World Arthritis Day is observed on October 12, each year in a bid to raise awareness regarding the joint
diseases which causes suffering from pain and stiffness.
Key Points
According to European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR), there are various types of
Arthritis and an estimated one-hundred million people are undiagnosed.
These people try to cope with symptoms which are often overlooked.
Should Arthritis Patients Exercise?
Many of the Arthritis patients are not very enthusiastic regarding exercising due to acute pain at the joints.
But inactive life and no exercise worsen the joint diseases. But they should do moderate exercises in order
to ease the pain and maintain a healthy weight.
Who are prone to this disease?
Although arthritis is usually associated with old age. But even youngsters are prone to the joint diseases.
The condition of joint diseases is known as Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) among children. JIA is
characterized by a number of disorders like pain in joints, stiffness and swollen joints.
How to diagnose JIA?
JIA can be diagnosed by any physician by considering the family history of arthritis, examining the
symptoms, and by conducting a physical examination. In few cases, X-rays are and blood tests for anaemia,
inflammation & autoimmune diseases are conducted.
What leads to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which body’s immune system attacks the joints
mistaking them for germs. This leads to inflammation of joints. Causes for this condition is not known yet.
However, in some cases, it is said to be genetic.
Maharatna Status to Power Finance Corporation
Central Government has given “Maharatna” status to Power Finance Corporation (PFC). PFC has become
the 11th state-owned entity in India to enter the Maharatna category.
Key Points
PFC now joins the ranks of other companies like ONGC, Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), BHEL and
Indian Oil Corporation. PFC is the largest infrastructure company of India.
Significance of the status
This enhanced status will enable PFC:
1. To make quality investments,
2. To form financial joint ventures and wholly-owned subsidiaries
3. To oversee mergers & acquisitions within India as well as abroad.
PFC will also be able to achieve the government’s agenda of funding under National Infrastructure

Pipeline and its aim to achieve 40 per cent green energy target by 2030.
Which company gets Maharatna Status?
Maharatna status is accorded to a company that has recorded more than net profit of Rs 5,000 crore for
three consecutive years or average annual turnover of Rs 25,000 crore for three years. In order to get the
status, company should have the average annual net worth of Rs 15,000 crore for three years. Company
should also have global footprints or operations.
About PFC
PFC was incorporated in 1986. It works under the jurisdiction of the Union Power Ministry. It is the financial
backbone of Power Sector in India. Its net worth as on 30 September 2018 is Rs 383 billion. According to
the Department of Public Enterprises Survey for FY 2017-18, PFC is the 8th highest profit making Central
Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE). It is India’s largest NBFC as well as largest infrastructure finance
company.
Supreme Court on National Green Tribunal’s (NGT) position
Supreme Court in a landmark judgement noted that, “National Green Tribunal does have suo moto powers
and it can hear environmental issues on its own”.
Key Points
This order came even though Union government said NGT does not have powers to hear
environmental cases on its own.
Court also noted that, holding any other interpretation will go against the public good and render
environmental watchdog ineffective and toothless.
This decision is significant for the wellbeing of nation and its people.
It will bring about flexible mechanism for addressing all the issues related to environmental damage
and resultant climate change in a bid to leave behind a better environmental legacy for future children
and generations thereafter.
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
NGT was established on October 18, 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010. It was established
for effective and expeditious disposal of cases related to conservation of forests, environmental protection
and conservation of other natural resources besides enforcement of any legal right related to environment.
This Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid down under “Code of Civil Procedure, 1908”. It is guided by
principles of natural justice.
National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
It is an Act of the Parliament that lead to the creation of a special tribunal for handling the expeditious
disposal of cases related to environmental issues. It was inspired from constitutional provision of Article
21.
Function of the Tribunal
The Tribunal is having a dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters. Thus, it provides speedy
environmental justice and help in reducing the burden of higher courts. It is mandated to make and
endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals within 6 months.
NITI Aayog: Handbook on Sustainable urban plastic waste management
The Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog, Rajiv Kumar, launched the “NITI Aayog – United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) Handbook on Sustainable Urban Plastic Waste Management” on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
This handbook was launched in New Delhi.
The handbook provides a comprehensive overview to manage plastic waste by representing and
discussing the components of entire plastic waste value chain.

It was launched with the motive of spreading awareness amongst the masses regarding the harmful
effects of plastic.
This handbook can be adopted by urban local bodies to a good effect.
Handbook on Sustainable Urban Plastic Waste Management
Under the handbook, Urban local bodies (ULBs) are mandated to manage municipal solid waste &
plastic waste, under the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, and Plastic Waste
Management Rules 2016, at the city level.
Handbook is a repository of 18 case studies or best practices from India, and 4 from south Asian
countries.
Repository is divided into four major components:
1. Technical models for recycling
2. Material Recovery Facilities (MRF)
3. Governance for effective plastic waste management
4. IEC and Digitization.
It covers every aspect of plastic waste management service chain.
It will also enable the Urban Local Bodies and other stakeholders involved in this sector in order to
learn from successful business and service models.
It mentions 10 pillars of change for Central Zoo Authority (CZA) & Indian zoos as well as specific
targets & timelines for achieving the ‘Call to Action’ which needs to be realized in 10 years.
Aim of the handbook
The models outlined in this handbook aim to bring sustainable plastic waste management into practice.
Several systems approach in this report are aligned with ‘Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0’ and ‘Plastic Waste
Management Rules of 2016 & 2018’.
Vision Plan (2021-2031) for Indian Zoos
Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change released the “Vision Plan: 2021-2031” for Indian zoos.
This plan was released during a two-day National Conference for zoo directors & veterinarians in Gujarat.
Highlights
The two-day conference was organized by Central Zoo Authority and was hosted by Sardar Patel
Zoological Park, Kevadia in Gujarat.
This Vision Plan was launched with the aim of upgrading Indian zoos to global standards.
It also focuses on conserving local birds and animals.
On the occasion, a coffee table book compiling 75 species from 75 zoos was also launched as a part
of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
Mitra awards
At the conference, Mitra awards were also presented under four categories. These four categories are-
veterinarian, animal keeper or zoo frontline, outstanding contributions by zoo director or curator and
biologist or educationists.
Vision Plan (2021-2031)
Vision plan is a strategy to transform Indian zoos. The 10-year vision plan was released after extensive data
mining & consultation with the stakeholders. The plan was adopted with the aim of giving a direction
towards ex-situ conservation approaches across India. It also mentions 10 pillars of change for Central Zoo
Authority (CZA) & Indian zoos. It sets some specific targets and timelines for achieving the ‘Call to Action’
that will be realized in 10 years. These pillars comprise of strengthening ex situ conservation of endangered
native species, management of rescued animals and optimizing animal welfare.

Biodiversity in India
Biodiversity in India must be conserved for the sustainable development. India comprises of only 2.4% of
the land area of the world. But accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species. It includes more than 45,000
species of plants and 91000 species of animals.
India to submit National vaccination plan and targets to WHO
India is set to submit its covid-19 vaccination plan and targets to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Highlights
India will submit an updated national vaccination trajectory and plans that defines the dose
requirements for guiding investment.
Guiding investments are required to manufacture the vaccines and their distribution by the
government.
Financial and programme resource details will be shared with WHO, under WHO’s “Strategy to
Achieve Global Covid-19 Vaccination by mid-2022”. This strategy was launched by WHO in October
2021.
India’s target
Indian government had earlier highlighted that its entire adult population will be vaccinated by December
2021. On the other hand, WHO has called for countries to meet its targets of vaccinating 40% of their
population by the end of 2021 and 70% by mid-2022.
India’s progress in vaccination
India’s progress in achieving the target of vaccinate total population is going on at full pace and
manufacturers of covid-19 vaccines in India are meeting the demand. India is working with the strategy for
full coverage of all Indians.
WHO’s target
As per WHO’s target, countries were required to vaccinate 10% of the population by September 2021.
However, 56 countries (majority in Africa & West Asia) were unable to meet this target. Thus, WHO has
called the countries to revise their national vaccination strategies, policies and maximize the impact of
existing, modified as well as new vaccines. Vaccinating 70% of the worldwide population requires around 11
billion vaccine doses. But, by the end of September, about 6 billion doses had been administered across the
world.
Henley passport index 2021- Highlights
The Henley Passport Index 2021 was released recently in which India’s rank has dropped by six places as
compared to 2020 index.
Key Points
Henley Passport Index lists the most travel-friendly passports of the world.
This year India has been ranked at 90th
This Index was released at a time when countries are relaxing the travel rules for international visitors
after two years since the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic in 2020.
How this index ranks the countries?
Henley Passport Index ranks the passports of countries on the basis of number of destinations their holders
can visit without getting visa in advance. Rankings are decided by analysing the data provided by
‘International Air Transport Association (IATA)’.
Ranking of the countries
This year Japan and Singapore have topped the list as their passports holders are allowed to travel
across 192 countries visa-free.
Japan secured the top position for the third year in a row.

South Korea and Germany were at the second position.
Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Yemen and Pakistan are among the least powerful.
India’s Rank
India was ranked at 84th position in 2020. But in 2021, its position has dropped to 90th position. India’s
passport holders are allowed to travel to 58 countries visa-free. India shares this rank with Tajikistan and
Burkina Faso.
Who prepares the report?
The Henley Passport Index was prepared by London-based Henley and Partners, which is a global
citizenship and residence advisory firm. It covers 199 passports and 227 destinations.
Delhi Govt's 'Desh Ke Mentor' Programme
The Delhi government launched its “Desh ke Mentors” programme on October 11, 2021. This programme
will be implemented across all the schools in Delhi.
Key Points
This programme was launched with the aim of providing students with young mentors.
Young mentors will guide the students from classes IX to XII in navigating their higher education as
well as career path.
This mentorship programme will also guide the people aged between 18 and 35. They can sign up to
get guidance with the help of an app created by a team at Delhi Technological University. They will be
connected to students on the basis of mutual interests.
Time period of the programme
The “Desh ke Mentors programme” will be available for minimum of two months. It can carry on for
additional four months optionally. One mentor will guide two to five students.
Why this programme was launched?
When child enters teenage around 9th standard, child gains some emotional as well as psychological
needs. Thus, this mentorship programme was launched for children to get a non-judgemental guiding light
and helping hand.
Who can mentor the programme?
Mentors from any part of India can enrol for the programme to guide children. For this purpose, Delhi
government has developed an app using which anyone can join the revolution.
Significance of the programme
This programme will help the children in making a better decision, with the help of mentors, without judging
and imposing dreams on them. Mentors will provide help, guidance, and ideas while child’s responsibility
will be to do hard & smart work and make consistent efforts and talent.
Covaxin approved for emergency use in 2–18-year-olds
The Subject Expert Committee on Covid-19 has approved the “emergency use” of Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin
vaccine for children aged between 2-18 years old.
Key Points
Phase-2 and Phase-3 trials of the Covaxin vaccine by Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech on children
below the age of 18 years in the months of September.
Trial data was submitted to the Drugs and Comptroller General of India (DCGI) in October 2021.
According to AIIMS professor, latest trials suggests that safety and immunogenicity of India’s
indigenous COVID-19 vaccine is almost the same in children aged 2-18 years, as it is in adults above
18-years of age.
Trial was done by diving children into three groups. The first group was between 12 -18 years, second
group was between 6- 12 years while the third age group was between 2-6 years.

About Covaxin
Covaxin is codenamed as BBV152. It is an inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccine. It was developed by
Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Vaccine is usually
considered effective if the estimate is more than 50% with a more than 30% lower limit of the 95%
confidence interval. Bharat Biotech reported the Covaxin is 64 percent effective against asymptomatic
cases, 78% effective against symptomatic cases, 93% effective against severe infection while 65% effective
against the Delta variant of coronavirus.
How Covaxin was developed?
Covaxin uses a traditional technology which is similar to inactivated polio vaccine. In the initial phase,
sample of SARS-CoV-2 was isolated by National Institute of Virology, India. Then this sample was used to
grow large quantities of virus using the vero cells. Following this, viruses were soaked in beta-
propiolactone, in order to deactivate them by binding to their genes. Resulting inactivated viruses were then
mixed with aluminium-based adjuvant Alhydroxiquim-II.
Former IAS Amit Khare appointed as advisor to PM Modi
Former higher education secretary, Amit Khare, was appointed as advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi
on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
Amit Khare got retired from IAS position in the month of September 2021.
He is a retired IAS officer of 1985 batch from Jharkhand cadre.
He has been appointed as advisor to Prime Minister on contractual basis.
Advisor to PM
Appointment order of the Khare was issued after appointment committee of the cabinet gave its approval.
As an advisor in the Prime Minister’s Office, he will enjoy the rank and scale of the secretary to the Union
government. He has been appointed on contract basis, for a period of two years initially or until further
orders, whichever is earlier.
Background
Khare had helped in shaping the new National Education Policy (NEP) while holding the position of higher
education secretary. He holds an MBA degree from IIM Ahmedabad. Khare took charge as higher education
secretary in December 2019. In between May 2018 to December 2019, he served as information and
broadcasting ministry secretary. He also played a major role in issuing the “Information Technology
(Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021”. He has also served as the vice-
chancellor of Ranchi University and Commissioner of Jharkhand. He holds a BSc (Physics) degree from St
Stephens College.
Deputy Commissioner
Khare was also appointed as the deputy commissioner of West Singhbhum (Chaibasa) in between
1995-1997. During that period, he played a significant role in revealing the fodder scam in animal husbandry
department in undivided Bihar.
October 11: US Indigenous People’s Day
American President, Joe Biden, has proclaimed October 11 as “Indigenous Peoples’ Day”. He has become
the first U.S. president to formally recognize this day.
Highlights
The day was proclaimed after recognising the Indigenous peoples’ resilience and strength along with
the immeasurable positive impact that these people have made on every aspect of American society.
For past several years, states like Alaska and New Mexico have adopted the holiday and choose to
give-up the Columbus Day celebrations. They also paid attention to the calls from Indigenous groups

and other residents for not celebrating Christopher Columbus, who was an Italian navigator. On his
name, holiday is named so.
However, many people across the country still celebrate Columbus Day or Italian Heritage Day as a
pride in Italian culture.
What is Indigenous Peoples’ Day?
Indigenous Peoples’ Day is typically observed on the second Monday of October. This Day recognizes the
Indigenous communities who have lived in United States for thousands of years. It grew increasingly
common as the replacement for Columbus Day. Columbus Day celebrates the explorer who sailed from
Spain with a crew in three ships namely, Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria, in the year 1492.
Background
Many of U.S. cities and states commemorated the day, before American president proclaimed it. Colleges
and corporations have also recognized the day. First state to officially recognise this day was “South
Dakota”, that officially recognized the day as Native Americans’ Day in the year 1990. Countries like Oregon,
Alaska and Vermont also officially established this day as a holiday. Cities like Berkeley, Seattle, California
and Minneapolis were among early adopters.
Indigenous People’s Day in other countries
This day is observed under different names across the world. Canada recognized this day on June 21, 1996
as “National Indigenous Peoples’ Day”.
October 14, 2021
EU's first Green Bond issuance
The European Union (EU) attracted huge demand from investors for its first green bond on October 12,
2021.
Highlights
Huge demand was there as Brussels kicked off its efforts for becoming world’s biggest issuer of
sustainable debt.
Euro 12bn sale of 15-year debt attracted about Euro 135bn of orders.
This was the largest green bond deal, eclipsing the UK’s £10bn debut in the month of September.
The sale happened as Europe continues to battle an energy crunch, which also illustrate that there is
a growing need for diverse and renewable sources of power.
First Issue by EU
This issue of recent bond is the first of an expected €250bn of “European Commission green bonds”. It
makes about a third of the EU’s €800bn Covid-19 recovery fund.
How EU will use the amount?
Proceeds through the green bond will be given to the member states who can spend it on areas such as
transport, energy efficiency and nature protection. This bond will help in strengthening the role of EU and
euro in sustainable finance market.
Partnering Member States
Brussels has joined several member states such as France, Italy, Germany, Spain and Poland in issuing
green debt. Demand for green securities is intense because of focus of fund management industry on
environmental, social and governance factors.
Greenium
The EU has joined other recent issuers with respect to attracting a price premium called as greenium. Yield
of 0.45 per cent represented a borrowing cost of around 0.025 of percentage point.
Green Bond
Green bond is a debt instrument through which capital is raised to fund ‘green projects’. Green projects

usually include projects related to renewable energy, sustainable water management and clean
transportation etc.
IMF's World Economic Outlook- Highlights
In its World Economic Outlook, which was published on October 12, 2021, International Monetary Fund
(IMF) improved its growth forecasts of the Latin American and Caribbean economy in the year 2021.
Highlights
As per IMF report, a recovery of 6.3% is expected by 2021 and 2.5% by 2022.
These figures indicates that international credit organization observes a little increase in Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) for the region against what was evaluated in July. In July 2021, it estimated
an increase of 5.8%.
IMF expects a growth of 3.2% for year 2022, 0.2% lower than its previous analysis.
IMF noted the worse performance of Brazil and Mexico, which are considered as the strongest
economies in the region.
According to IMF, Brazil’s GDP expansion will be 5.2% in 2021 while 1.5% in 2022.
For Mexico, GDP expansion will be 6.2% in 2021 and 4.0 % in 2022.
World Economy
According to IMF, world economy will grow by 9% in 2021. In July 2020, it expected an increase by
6%. Growth is still conditioned by prolongation of covid-19 pandemic.
IMF projected a growth by 4.9% in 2022.
High inflation
As per IMF, in mid-2022 headline inflation will likely to return to pre-pandemic levels, for advanced
economies and emerging & developing economies, amid high uncertainty.
Vaccine gap
The agency noted a huge vaccine gap and big disparities between economically advanced countries and
developing countries. More than 60% of the population are vaccinated in advanced economies while 96% of
the population in are unvaccinated in low-income countries.
NSO Data on Retail Inflation and IIP
National Statistical Office (NSO) released its data on “retail inflation and Index of Industrial Production
(IIP)” on October 12, 2021.
Key facts
As per IMF, India’s retail inflation relaxed in September 2021, reducing to a five-month low. This was
because of favourable comparison with year 2020 and moderating food prices that offset an increase
in the cost of crude oil & fuel.
Consumer price inflation decreased sharply to 4.35% in September 2021 as compared to 5.3% in
August. This was the third consecutive month within the tolerance band of Reserve Bank of India
(RBI).
In September 2020, Consumer Price Index-based (CPI) inflation was 7.27%.
According to NSO Data, inflation in food basket relaxed to 0.68% in September 2021, significantly
decreased by 3.11% as compared to August.
Background
Government has tasked the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to keep CPI-based inflation at 4%, with a tolerance
band of 2% on both the sided. RBI usually factors in CPI-based inflation while launching its bi-monthly
monetary policy.
CPI headline momentum
According to RBI Governor, Shaktikanta Das, CPI headline momentum is moderating. This momentum along

with favourable base effects could soften the inflation in near term.
CPI inflation
For the year 2021-22, RBI has projected the CPI inflation at 5.3% in first quarter, 5.1% in second, 4.5% in
third while 5.8% in fourth quarter of the fiscal.
Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
As per NSO, IIP has increased by 11.9% in August 2021, against 11.5% in July. Data shows that, output of
manufacturing sector increased to 9.7% in August 2021. In the same month, mining output increased to
23.6% while power generation surged to 16%. In August 2020, IIP had contracted 7.1%.
MHA begins tripartite talks with Gorkhas and WB
The Union Home Ministry started tripartite talks with “Gorkha representatives” from Darjeeling Hills, Terrai &
Dooars region as well as the Government of West Bengal on October 12, 2021.
Highlights
Tripartite talks were started in a bid to resolve long-standing demand of statehood in North Bengal
region.
Talks were chaired by Home Minister Amit Shah and Gorkha delegation led by Darjeeling MP Raju
Bishta.
During the meeting, officials discussed several issues related to Gorkhas and the region.
Background
On this issue, last meeting was held in October 2021 when a delegation of Gorkha leaders came to meet the
then MoS Home, G Kishan Reddy, for discussing the statehood issue.
Demand raised by delegation
Delegation from the Gorkhaland raised their demand of separate state of Gorkhaland as well as grant of
Scheduled Tribe status to 11 Gorkha sub-communities. Issue of Gorkhaland Territorial Administration (GTA)
was raised, the delegation noted that they will not discuss GTA as Memorandum of Agreement (MoU) that
was signed between Union of India, Government of West Bengal and Gorkha Janmukti Morcha in 2011, was
not welcomed by the West Bengal.
What is the Gorkhaland Issue?
Gorkhaland comprise of Nepali-speaking people from Darjeeling, Kurseong, Kalimpong, and other hilly
districts of West-Bengal. People of these areas have cultural, ethical, and language differences with Bengali
community of West-Bengal. Demand of Darjeeling as a separate administrative region was first initiated in
the year 1907. However, the term “Gorkhaland” was coined during 1980s by Subhash Ghising. Subhash
Ghising was the founder of Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF).
Gorkhaland Movement
It is a movement that mainly focuses on the Darjeeling Hills of West Bengal, and demands the creation of a
separate state of Gorkhaland.
Draft Regional Plan-2041 approved
The Draft Regional Plan-2041 was approved by the NCR Planning Board on October 12, 2021. Government
has planned to submit the ‘final version of Regional Plan-2041’ by end of March 2022.
Highlights of the plan
The Draft Regional Plan-2041 paves the way for a future-ready and slum-free National Capital Region
(NCR) comprising of facilities like air ambulance, high-speed connectivity by means of rail, road, Heli
taxis, and inland waterways.
This plan puts special impetus on 30-minute connectivity by means of super-fast trains within major
cities of NCR.
It also proposes to explore feasibility of 30-minute Mass Transit Rail System (MTRS) from boundaries

of NCR to Delhi.
The plan seeks to make NCR a smart connected region by improving connectivity using bullet trains,
smart roads, helitaxi services.
It will evolve the region into an economically prosperous region comprising of citizen centric
harmonious infrastructure.
It also proposes to promote electric mobility infrastructure.
It laid emphasis on circular economy of water & air quality improvements, improving environment
conservation.
Major initiatives under the draft plan
Under the draft plan, major initiatives include urban regeneration, slum-free NCR, 24 hours air ambulance,
ease of living, Swachh & Smart NCR.
Why this plan was drafted?
The draft plan was drafted because it is necessary to minimise the journey times and limit travel times
across NCR under 30-minutes through superfast trains & heli taxi services, under 60 minutes through other
trains and 2 to 3 hours by car. Furthermore, there is a need to ease out traffic congestions and create more
integrated, accessible, user-centric and affordable transportation system.
Which states are covered under the plan?
Under the NCRPB plan, Delhi, two districts of Rajasthan, eight districts of Uttar Pradesh and 14 districts of
Haryana are covered. In all, it covers an area of around 55,083 square kilometres.
Gati Shakti National Master Plan- Key Facts
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a Rs 100 lakh crore national master plan called “Gati Shakti
National Master Plan” on October 13, 2021.
Key Points
This plan was launched for multi-modal connectivity with the aim of developing infrastructure to
reduce logistic costs and boost Indian economy.
PM Gati Shakti seeks to cut logistic costs, reduce turnaround time and increase cargo handling
capacity.
This plan aims to lend more power and speed to projects by connecting all the concerned
departments on one platform.
Under the plan, infrastructure schemes of several ministries and state governments will be executed
and designed with a common vision.
Why this plan was launched?
As per Prime Minister, in the past, taxpayers’ money was insulted through a lethargic approach towards
development work. Departments were working in silos. Furthermore, there was no coordination on projects.
Thus, this plan was launched under which development will take place incorporating quality infrastructure in
a holistic manner. Gati shakti plan joins different departments for a coordinated development of projects
including from aviation to agriculture and road to railways.
Logistic Cost
The PM Gati Shakti Plan also aims to reduce logistic cost and turnaround time in the light that, earlier high
logistics cost at 13 per cent of GDP in India was impacting its competitiveness in exports. Plan will also
give a boost to India as an “investment destination”.
Easy clearances
Under the plan, the private players will get a boost to invest in National infrastructure because of easy
clearances and monetary help available to them. This project will also provide last-mile connectivity to the
economic zones in a limited timeframe.

UN Biodiversity Summit begins in China
United Nations Biodiversity Summit started in China, on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
The key U.N. summit has been tasked with protecting biodiversity.
Summit started in the backdrop of meeting among countries to tackle pollution and prevent mass
extinction, before the COP-26 climate conference.
Online session has set the stage for a face-to-face meeting and will involve parties to the Convention
on Biological Diversity (CBD) who are working out with the details of new document. This new
document will set targets to protect ecosystems by 2030.
30 by 30 Plan
During the summit, countries will also be debating “30 by 30” plan in order to give 30% of lands and oceans
protected status. This measure is supported by a broad coalition of nations. Countries will also set goal for
stopping the creation of plastic waste. Though, China has not yet committed for this plan.
Background
Though Beijing is the world’s biggest polluter, it has sought to position itself as “world leader on climate
issues” in the backdrop of USA’s withdrawal from international commitments under Donald Trump
administration.
COP-15 Gathering
In the year 2021, COP-15 gathering was hosted in southwest city of Kunming. It was originally set for 2020
but got postponed due to Covid-19 pandemic.
Impact of Human encroachment on habitats
About one million animal & plant species are threatened with extinction because of human encroachment
on habitats, pollution, over-exploitation, climate change and spread of invasive species.
Division on targets
China recently noted that, it has given high priority to protection of biodiversity by setting a network
of protected areas and national parks.
France and Costa Rica are supporting to declare 30% of oceans & lands protected areas before 2030.
30 by 30 plan is being strongly opposed by Brazil and South Africa.
India at 3rd position in RE Investment attractiveness index
Ernst & Young’s (EY) Renewable Energy (RE) Country Attractiveness Index was recently published in which
India has been ranked at 3rd position.
Key Points
RE Investment attractive index ranks the world’s top 40 nations with respect to attractiveness of
their deployment opportunities and renewable energy
In the index, India retains its third position while US retains the top position.
China has been ranked at second position.
As per report, conditions are ripe for rapid growth across renewables generation. The major challenge
will be inadequate grid investments.
According to Index, corporate power purchase agreements were the key driver of clean energy growth
in the light that, environment, social, and governance measures are becoming top agenda for
companies and investors.
India’s Rank in PPA Index
Among the top 30 power purchase agreement (PPA) markets, India has been ranked at sixth position. PPA
Index focuses on attractiveness of renewable power procurement. It ranks the growth potential of country’s
corporate PPA market.

India’s renewable energy market
Renewable energy market conditions in India, including policy decisions, investment & technology
improvements focus on self-reliant supply chains. It has taken India’s clean energy transition to new
heights. Report notes that the drive to integrate volumes of variable resources will put the grid
infrastructure under significant strain. It also notes that, investment required to upgrade and expand energy
transmission infrastructure will be a key challenge across the world.
Which countries have transitioned towards clean energy?
France and the UK have switched to clean energy, while Germany has edged back ahead of Australia as its
onshore wind market was fruitful in first half of 2021. Germany has added 971 MW, accounting for a rise of
62 per cent as compared to first half of 2020.
India's Plastic Waste Recycling Targets
The Union environment ministry has released a draft notification to regulate the extended producer
responsibility (EPR) under the “Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016”.
Key facts
The draft provides that, quantity of waste will have to be managed by producers, brand owners and
importers, who are generate plastic packaging waste across India.
When the draft notification will be passed, it will come into effect immediately.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
EPR means the responsibility of producer for environmentally sound management of product and plastic
packaging till the end of its life. People & stakeholders can submit objections or suggestions on draft within
60 days, to the environment ministry.
Three categories of Plastic Packaging
EPR covers following categories of plastic packaging:
1. Rigid Plastic Packaging
2. Flexible Plastic Packaging of single layer or multilayer (greater than one layer with several types of
plastic)
3. Plastic sheets, carry bags (including those made up of compostable plastics) & plastic sachet or
pouches
4. Multi-layered plastic packaging.
Other provisions of the draft
Draft notes that, in 2021-22, producers of plastic packaging waste are required to manage 35% of the
‘Q1’ waste in metric tons.
EPR target of the producers will increase to 70% in 2022-23 while it will be 100%, 2023-24 onwards.
Similar EPR targets will be applicable for importers and brand owners but the quantity would be
different on the basis of quantity of packaging waste which they are responsible for.
Brand owners EPR target
For brand owners, EPR target in 2021-22 will be average weight of fresh plastic packaging material which
have been purchased and introduced in market in last two years plus average quantity of pre-consumer
plastic packaging for the same period.
Maritime Exercise Malabar Phase II
The Indian Navy is set to take part in “Second Phase of multilateral maritime exercise” called “Exercise
Malabar” along with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Japan Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF) and the
United States Navy (USN).
Key Facts
Malabar exercise is being conducted in the Bay of Bengal from 12 October to 15 October 2021.

This is the Second Phase of the Malabar exercise. It will build synergic coordination between the
participating nations and also enhance the interoperability that was developed during the ‘First Phase
of the exercise’.
First phase of this exercise was conducted from August 26-29, 2021 in Philippines sea.
Exercise will also focus on advanced surface & anti-submarine warfare exercises, weapon firings and
seamanship evolutions.
Naval ships in action
In the maritime exercise, INS Ranvijay, INS Satpura as well as P8I Long Range Maritime Patrol aircraft from
Indian Navy will participate.
About second phase of Malabar exercise
Second phase of the exercise will be bigger than the first phase that was conducted off the Guam coast, US
in the Western Pacific. In this phase, United States deployed more than 100000-ton Nimitz-class super
aircraft carrier.
US in second phase
US will be represented by USS Lake Champlain, two destroyers, and USS Stockdale. It will also deploy
Aircraft Carrier USS Carl Vinson.
Japan in second phase
Japanese Navy will be represented by JS Kaga and guided-missile destroyer Murasame besides their
integral SH60K helicopters.
Australia in second phase
Royal Australian Navy will deploy HMAS Ballarat and HMAS Sirius.
About Malabar exercise
Malabar exercise started as an annual bilateral naval exercise in the year 1992 between India and the US. It
comprises of a series of exercises, increasing scope and complexity over time.
New rules for allowing abortion till 24 weeks
Government has incorporated new rules under the “Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act,
2021, which was passed in March 2021.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Rules, 2021
Under the new rules, the gestational limit for termination of pregnancy has been increased from 20 to
24 weeks for exceptional categories of women in India.
Women for whom the limit has been increased comprise of minors; survivors of sexual assault, rape
or incest; those having physical disabilities and those whose marital status changes during
pregnancy that is in case of widowhood or divorce.
It also includes cases of foetal malformation where there is risk of physical or mental abnormalities,
mentally ill women and women in disasters or emergency situations, declared by the government.
Background
In past, opinion of one doctor was required to carry abortion of up to twelve weeks of conception. Opinion
of two doctors was required for doing the abortion between twelve and twenty weeks.
State-level medical board
Under the new rules, state-level medical boards will be set up that will decide if a pregnancy can be
terminated after 24 weeks in cases of foetal malformation.
Boards will examine the woman & her reports and then either accept or reject the proposal for
medical termination of pregnancy. This process will be completed within three days of receiving the
request.
Board will also ensure that the abortion procedure is carried with all precaution along with

counselling, when advised by them. The procedure will be done within five days of receiving the
request for it.
Should the rules be for all women?
Experts are of the view that, considering the advancements in scientific and medical technology, extended
24 week of gestation period should be open for all women and not just specific categories of women. They
also note that, creation of state medical boards might create impediments for women’s access to abortion
services.
What is Climate Resilience Information System and Planning Tool?
Union Minister of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Giriraj Singh, launched the “Climate Resilience
Information System and Planning (CRISP-M) tool” through a virtual event.
Key Points
The CRISP-M tool has been launched in order to integrate the climate information in the “Geographic
Information System (GIS) based watershed planning” under the MGNREGA.
This tool will help in embedding climate information in GIS based planning as well as implementation
of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA (MGNREGA).
This tool was developed with the help of British Government and all the stakeholders. They supported
the Rural Development Ministry in developing the tool.
Significance of the tool
This tool will open up new possibilities for rural communities in dealing with the climate change issue.
Which states can use this tool?
This tool will be used in seven states namely, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya
Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan, for developing climate resilience.
GIS-based plans for Panchayats
Ministry of Rural Development have prepared “GIS based plans” which will be implemented across 1.82 lacs
Gram Panchayats (68%) out of total of 2.69 Lacs Gram Panchayats in India. GIS based plans will be
implemented with the help of Remote Sensing Technology, on the basis of Ridge to Valley approach.
October 13: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction
The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction is observed globally on October 13, every year.
Aim of the day
The day is observed with the aim of promoting a global culture of risk awareness and disaster reduction. It
celebrates how people and communities across the world are reducing their exposure to disasters and
raising awareness regarding the importance of reining in risks that they are facing.
2021 Edition
International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction provides an opportunity to acknowledge the progress made
toward reducing the disaster risk and losses in lives, health and livelihoods. 2021 edition of the day will
focus on international cooperation of developing countries in order to reduce their disaster risk and disaster
losses.
Background
The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction was first observed in the year 1989, after United Nations
General Assembly (UNGA) called for a day to promote global culture of disaster reduction and risk-
awareness. At the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015, which was held in Sendai,
Japan, international community was reminded that disasters hit hardest at local level, causes loss of life
and social & economic upheaval.
Disaster Risk Reduction
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) works with thinkers, experts, practitioners,

and innovators, every two years, to investigate the state of risk worldwide. It highlights what’s new, spots
the emerging trends, examine behaviour, reveals disturbing patterns and presents progress in reducing risk.
October 15, 2021
Home Ministry enhances powers of BSF
Home Ministry has enhanced the powers of Border Security Force (BSF). Under the enhanced power,
officers will have the power to search and arrest.
What are the enhanced powers?
Officers will also have the power of seizure up to the extent of 50 km in three new states which are
sharing international boundaries with Pakistan and Bangladesh.
They have been given the right to take this action under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC),
Passport Act and Passport (Entry to India) Act.
BSF officers will be able to conduct searches and arrests across a wider area in the states of Punjab,
West Bengal and Assam.
In the mentioned states, the BSF will have the right to search and arrest just like state police.
They also have the power to search and arrest in Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, and Ladakh.
Why this decision was taken?
As per Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), the decision to expand the jurisdiction of BSF was taken in
the backdrop of recent droppings of drone weapons from across the border.
This decision will help in curbing illegal activities related to national security across 10 states and
two Union Territories.
However, it is likely to raise administrative and political issues.
What are the concerns?
The primary goal of the BSF is to guard borders and stop infiltration. But the recent dropping of drones
shows that they have failed to guard the delineated line. As per critiques, this decision might lead to regular
confrontations with local police as well as villagers, when searches and seizures will be done.
What is Northern Ireland Protocol?
The Northern Ireland protocol was designed to prevent checks across the border between Northern Ireland
(US) and the Republic of Ireland (EU), following Brexit.
Highlights
The Protocol came into force in the beginning of 2021.
It has resulted into disagreements between the UK and EU as it disrupted trade between Great Britain
and Northern Ireland.
The UK government has been calling to rewrite the deal.
What was the need of Northern Ireland Protocol?
During Brexit negotiations, all the parties agreed that protecting the 1998 Northern Ireland peace deal
is an absolute priority.
This protocol means that, keeping the land border open and avoiding setting up new infrastructure
like cameras and border posts.
This was easy to do when Ireland and Northern Ireland were part of the EU. Both the parties
automatically shared the same EU rules on trade. No checks were required on goods travelling
between them.
However, in the backdrop of Brexit, new arrangement was required because EU requires goods like
milk and eggs to be checked when they arrive from non-EU countries. While products like chilled
meats are not allowed to enter EU at all.

Northern Ireland Protocol
Under this protocol it was agreed that Northern Ireland will continue to follow EU rules on product
standards in order to prevent checks across the border.
Goods entering Northern Ireland from Scotland, England or Wales would be inspected.
What changes is the UK government calling for?
Boris Johnson had signed an agreement in 2019 and promised that it would not create any inspection on
goods moving between Northern Ireland and Great Britain. Now, the government is of the view that this
protocol represented a huge compromise by the UK and accused the EU for applying it too rigidly. Thus, the
Brexit Minister, Lord Frost, proposed some changes in the protocol. He has proposed a new mechanism
under which goods would be able to circulate freely in Northern Ireland if they comply with either EU or UK
regulations.
China sets up $233 million Kunming Biodiversity fund
China pledged to inject $233 million into a new fund called “Kunming Biodiversity Fund” for the protection of
biodiversity in developing countries, recently.
Highlights
This decision was taken during a key UN conservation summit, even though major donors disagreed
on it.
China pledged as it the world’s biggest polluter and seeks to play a prominent role internationally on
biodiversity conservation.
UN Conservation Summit
China pledged as delegates from around 195 countries met in Chinese city of Kunming for a summit
on safeguarding plants, animals and ecosystems.
This summit seeks to establish a new accord, setting targets for 2030 and 2050.
30 by 30 agenda
Countries are also debating on proposal called “30 by 30 agenda” at the conference. This agenda will afford
30 percent of land and oceans protected status of Earth by 2030. Global spending on protection and
restoration of nature needs to triple this decade, accounting for $350 billion annually by 2030 while $536
billion by 2050 in order to meet this target.
Kunming Biodiversity fund
The funding issue for the Kunming Biodiversity Fund will be taken up in January 2022 at negotiations in
Geneva. China’s pledge is below the $4 billion committed by Britain for conservation projects across the
world as well as France’s commitment to spend 30 percent of its climate finance on protection of
biodiversity.
UN Convention on Biological Diversity
This convention has been ratified by 195 countries and the European Union. However, United States is not
ratified it even though it has been world’s biggest polluter historically.
Govt launches 'One Health Consortium'
The Department of Biotechnology launched a ‘One Health’ consortium on October 14, 2021 in virtual mode.
It was launched by secretary of Department of Biotechnology, Dr Renu Swarup.
One Health Consortium
One Health Consortium has been empowered to carry out surveillance of important viral, bacterial, &
parasitic infections of zoonotic and transboundary pathogens in India.
This project will also look into use of existing diagnostic tests and development of additional
methodologies to conduct surveillance and understand the spread of emerging diseases.

Background
This consortium was launched in the backdrop of Covid-19 pandemic, that showed the relevance of ‘One
Health’ principle in governance of infectious diseases. One Health principle is relevant to prevent and
contain the zoonotic diseases across the world. Thus, this holistic approach will be taken in order to
understand the health of human, animals and wildlife for minimising the damage caused by covid-19 like
pandemics.
Organisations under Consortium
One Health Consortium comprises of 27 organisations, led by DBT-National Institute of Animal
Biotechnology, Hyderabad. It is one of the biggest health programmes that Indian government has launched
in post-Covid times. It comprises of AIIMS Delhi, AIIMS Jodhpur, GADVASU Ludhiana, IVRI Bareilly,
TANUVAS Chennai, Assam agricultural & veterinary university, MAFSU Nagpur, ICAR and ICMR centres &
wildlife agencies.
One Health Approach
One Health approach notes that health of people, health of animals, and the health of environment are
interconnected. Due to this, activities & practices in these domains will inevitably affect the others. Primary
goal of ‘One Health’ is to encourage the collaborative efforts of stakeholders across the stated three
domains in order to achieve best health outcomes for humans, animals, and environment.
India to pilot 1000 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
Central Government has given its approval to invite the expression of interest for installation of pilot 1000
MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) project.
Key Facts
This pilot project is the joint effort of “Ministry of New & Renewable energy” and Ministry of Power.
Both the ministries have been working on this in order to provide a road map for installation of energy
storage system in India.
Why BESS project is being undertaken?
The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) will be set in a bid to support the ambitious goal of achieving
450 GW renewable energy target by the Ministry of New & renewable energy by 2030.
Who will procure BESS?
Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), a CPSU working under the Ministry of New & Renewable energy,
called for expression of interest to procure 1000 MWh BESS. It will be published with RFS bid document and
draft comprehensive guideline for procurement and utilization of BESS.
Final RFS document
On the basis of suggestions and feedback from various stakeholders, final RFS document will be floated in
November 2021. Along with the RFS document, final comprehensive guidelines for procurement and
utilization of BESS will also be floated as a part of generation, transmission and distribution assets.
Use of energy storage system
As per Ministry, India has planned to use energy storage system under Renewable energy. Energy storage
system will be used as grid element in order to maximize the use of transmission system and strengthen
grid stability. It will help in saving the investment in augmentation of transmission infrastructure.
Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2021
India and the United States are set to start a 15-day mega military exercise in Alaska from October 15, 2021
in a bid to further deepen bilateral military cooperation between both the countries.
Key Points
Year 2021 will mark the 17th edition of the exercise “Yudh Abhyas”.
Exercise will be conducted at Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson in Alaska.

It will commence from October 15 and end on 29.
Indian contingent
At the exercise, the Indian contingent will comprise of 350 personnel from an infantry battalion group of
Indian Army.
Background
The previous (16th) edition of the exercise took place in February 2021 in Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in
Bikaner.
Significance of the exercise
Exercise Yudh Abhyas is a step towards growing military cooperation between the both the countries. It is
carried with the aim of enhancing understanding, cooperation and interoperability between armies of India
and USA. It will also focus on combined arms manoeuvres in cold climatic conditions. The primary aim of
the exercise if to share tactical level drills and learn best practices from each other.
Major Defence Partner
United States had designated India as a Major Defence Partner, in June 2016. Both the countries also
signed key defence and security pacts in past few years such as ‘Logistics Exchange Memorandum of
Agreement (LEMOA)’ in 2016.
LEMOA allows the militaries from both the countries to use each other’s bases for repair &
replenishment of supplies and to provide a deeper cooperation.
Countries also signed COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement) in the year
2018. COMCASA provides for interoperability between both the militaries as well as provides for sale
of high-end technology from the US.
They signed BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement) agreement in October 2020 in order
to further boost bilateral defence ties. It provides for sharing of high-end military technology, logistics
& geospatial maps between both the countries.
PLI scheme for telecom products launched
Minister of State of Ministry of Communication, Devusinh Chauhan, launched a Production Linked Incentive
Scheme (PLI Scheme) for Telecom & Networking Products on October 14, 2021.
Why this scheme was launched in telecom sector?
PLI Scheme in telecom sector was launched for realizing the Prime Minister’s vision of Atma Nirbhar
Bharat. This scheme would help in reducing dependence of India on other countries for importing telecom
and networking products.
Who launched the scheme?
The PLI Scheme in telecom sector is being launched by DoT with the objective of boosting domestic
manufacturing of telecom and networking products. Manufacturing will be boosted by incentivising
incremental investments and turnover. This scheme was launched with the total outlay of Rs 12,195 crore.
When it will come into effect?
The scheme is effective from April 1, 2021. Investment made by successful applicants in India in between
April 1, 2021 to FY 2024-25 will be eligible. Eligibility is subject to qualifying incremental annual thresholds.
Support under the Scheme will be provided for a period of five years (from FY 2021-22 to FY 2025-26).
Which companies are eligible?
According to Scheme and Scheme Guidelines, about 31 companies, comprising of 16 MSMEs & 15 Non-
MSMEs, have been found eligible are being given approval under the PLI Scheme. Some of the eligible
MSME companies are: Coral Telecom Limited, Frog Cellsat Limited, Ehoome IoT Private Limited, GDN
Enterprises Private Limited etc. These 31 applicants are expected to invest Rs 3345 crore over a period of 4
years and generate incremental employment to about 40000 people.

Global Hunger Index: India at 101st rank
Global Hunger Index 2021, which is prepared jointly by Irish aid agency called ‘Concern Worldwide’ and
German organisation called ‘Welt Hunger Hilfe’, was released on October 14, 2021. The Index termed the
hunger level in India as alarming.
Where India has been placed?
In the index, India has been placed to 101st position out of 116 countries.
In 2020, India’s was positioned at 94th.
In 2021 edition, India has been placed behind its neighbour countries Pakistan, Bangladesh and
Nepal.
GHI score of India has also decreased. It was 38.8 in 2000 but now has been decreased to the range
of 28.8 – 27.5 between 2012 and 2021.
Share of wasting among children increased from 17.1 per cent during 1998-2002 to 17.3 per cent
during 2016-2020.
World scenario
In the index, eighteen countries such as China, Brazil and Kuwait, shared the top rank. They got the GHI
score of less than five.
How GHI Score is calculated?
GHI score is calculated on the basis of four indicators namely,
1. Undernourishment
2. Child wasting (share of children aged under five who are wasted i.e., those having low weight for their
height.
3. Child stunting (children aged under five who are having low height for their age.
4. Child mortality (mortality rate of children aged under five).
Improvement in India
India has improved with respect to indicators like under-5 mortality rate, prevalence of undernourishment
and prevalence of stunting among children.
Global Hunger Index (GHI)
GHI is a tool to measure and track hunger across the world, by region as well as by country. It is calculated
annually and its results are published in a report issued in the month of October each year.
MyParkings app- Highlights
Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Anurag Thakur, launched the ‘MyParkings’ app on October
14, 2021.
Key Points
MyParkings App is a first-of-its-kind initiative.
On this app, people can book parking slots online in areas which are under the jurisdiction of South
Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC).
About MyParkings App
This app was launched with the aim of tackling the issue of congestion of vehicle parking.
App will inform about total capacity of vehicles which can be parked, used spaces as well as space
available for parking in each of the parking site.
Who developed the app?
App has been developed by Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited (BECIL).
BECIL is the implementing agency of the app-based smart parking system under the jurisdiction of
SDMC.
BECIL will bear the entire cost of development and maintenance of the app. It will also bear capital

cost of the server as well as its allied hardware and software.
Significance of the app
Introduction of the ‘MyParking App’ will ease the process of booking parking slots because through this app
citizen will be able to know the availability of slots remotely. Thus, this mobile app will provide a new
parking experience for citizens of Delhi. This Smart Parking app is having cashless and paperless
transaction mode, which in turn will save tonnes of paper on a daily basis.
Integration with other apps
Newly launched App will also be integrated with FASTag, Vahan App, E-Challan and more such initiatives.
BECIL will also run a dedicated call centre as a customer care unit for the citizens in order to address their
queries and issues related to the app.
Parking sited under SDMC Jurisdiction
SDMC operates 145 surface parking sites across all if its four zones. It also operates six multi-level parking
sites as well as two automated parking sites.
Defence Minister addresses 'SCO seminar on Role of Women in Armed Forces'
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) seminar on ‘Role of Women in Armed Forces’ was organised on
October 14, in virtual mode.
Key Points
The webinar was addressed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
During the seminar, defence minister highlighted that government has taken several steps to
strengthen the role of women in the security setup in general and armed forces in particular.
He also noted that, women have been serving in Indian Military Nursing Service with pride for more
than 100 years now.
Indian Army started commissioning women officers from year 1992. Army has now moved to induct
women officers in more branches of Army as well.
Women are also being accepted for permanent commission and will be commanding army units &
battalions in near future.
Host of the seminar
This seminar was hosted by India, highlighting the role of India’s women military officers in UN
peacekeeping missions at global level.
Role of women in peacekeeping missions
India has been an active participant in the deliberations on several issues which focuses on women
empowerment and gender mainstreaming at different UN bodies. Indian Army has also contributed women
officers as Military Observers and Staff Officers apart from forming part of Medical Units which are
deployed in UN Missions.
Women Indian Armed Forces Medical Services
Women of Indian Armed Forces Medical Services headed the UN Peacekeeping mission in 1960 in Republic
of Congo and assisted in setting a 400-bed hospital. India also created history in the year 2007 by deploying
“all-female Formed Police Unit” for UN Peacekeeping in Liberia. In the year 2019, India deployed a Female
Engagement Team under the UN Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
China-Russia ‘Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise’
China and Russia are holding Joint naval drills called “Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise” in the Sea of Japan.
Key Points
The joint naval drill was kicked off from October 14, 2021.
It highlights the latest sign of growing political and military alignment between Russia and China.
The drill started in Russia’s Peter the Great Gulf in Sea of Japan. It will run through October 17, 2021.

Activities under the drill
This joint naval drill would encompass communications, joint manoeuvring & firing on seaborn targets, anti-
air, anti-mine, and anti-submarine operations, joint manoeuvring and firing on seaborn targets.
China in the drill
For the first time China will be represented by anti-submarine warfare planes and destroyers of greater than
10,000 tons in displacement for exercises abroad. China will also be represented by warships such as Type
055 large destroyer Nanchang, Type 054A frigates Binzhou & Liuzhou, Type 052D destroyer Kunming, Type
903A comprehensive supply ship Dongpinghu, vessel-borne helicopters and fixed wing anti-submarine
warfare aircraft. On the other hand, Russia will be represented by anti-submarine ships, aircraft and frigates.
China-Russia cooperation
China and Russia are jointly holding the drill as they are united in opposing the dominance of United States
in global affairs. Both the countries have been harsh critics of foreign policy of Washington in Afghanistan.
China generally follows Russia’s lead on matters like Iran. It has become increasingly assertive in defending
its vital interests regarding Taiwan, South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific. China has also strongly criticized
an agreement for Australia in order to obtain eight nuclear-powered submarines which are built with US
technology.
India re-elected to UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24
India got re-elected to the UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24 term on October 14, 2021 with the
overwhelming majority in United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
Key Facts
Envoy from New Delhi described the election as “robust endorsement” of India’s strong roots in
democracy, fundamental rights and pluralism as enshrined in the Constitution.
This decision was taken in the 76th session of the UN General Assembly.
Assembly took place for 18 new members of the UN Human Rights Council.
These new members will serve for a period of three years, starting from January 2022.
India’s selection
India secured its selection by 184 votes in the 193-member assembly, wat ahead of the majority of 97.
India’s current term was to end on December 31 2021. There were five vacant seats in Asia-Pacific States
category namely Kazakhstan, Malaysia, India, Qatar and United Arab Emirates, for election for the term of
2022-2024.
What are the new members?
The 193-member General Assembly elected Argentina, Cameroon, Benin, Finland, Eritrea, Honduras, Gambia,
Lithuania, India, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Qatar, Paraguay, UAE, Somalia, and the
USA by secret ballot for 2022-2024 term.
Term of office of members
Members of the Council will serve for a period of three years. They will not be eligible for immediate re-
election following two consecutive terms.
How membership is given?
The membership is given on the basis of equitable geographical distribution. Seats are distributed among
regional groups Group of Asia-Pacific States, Group of African States, Group of Eastern European States,
Group of Western European & other States and Group of Latin American & Caribbean States.
AIIMS launches ‘Healthy Smile’ Mobile App
A bilingual mobile application ‘Healthy Smile’ was launched by AIIMS in a bid to raise awareness on
maintaining oral hygiene among children.

Key Facts
This app is an initiative of the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, with the help of
AIIMS intramural research grant.
This initiative was launched with the aim of spreading awareness on maintaining oral hygiene among
children right from infancy.
It will also motivate them to brush thoroughly twice a day.
App will provide information on how they can keep dental decay under control through simple home
care measures.
Feature of the App
The app comprises of a musical two-minute brushing timer along with preventive dental care tips for all age
groups of children, child-friendly colourful panels, motivational songs, FAQ’s & oral care tips during
pregnancy and brushing demonstration videos.
Why this app was launched?
This app was launched after realizing the fact that “dental caries was found to be prevalent” among the
paediatric population of India up to the extent of 40-50 percent.
Significance of the app
Development of the dental health education app for children will prove to be extremely beneficial in bringing
good oral hygiene habits from the early childhood. It will help in reducing the burden of dental diseases in
near future.

120 Multiple Choice Questions
The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. "Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s future" is the theme of which day, celebrated on 30
September?
[A] World Seafarers Day
[B] World Maritime Day
[C] World Oceanography Day
[D] World Fishery Day
Answer: World Maritime Day
The International Maritime Organization is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for
regulating shipping. It is headquartered at London. World Maritime Day 2021 is celebrated every year on
30 September. IMO has declared 2021 a year of action for seafarers, who are facing hardship due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. The World Maritime Theme for 2021 is "Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s future".
The IMO building, including the Seafarer Memorial, will be lit in blue light on World Maritime Day, to unite
the maritime community.
2. Which company has launched ‘Future Engineer Programme’ in India?
[A] Google
[B] Amazon
[C] Microsoft
[D] Facebook
Answer: Amazon
E-commerce major Amazon India announced the launch of Amazon Future Engineer in India. It is the
company’s global computer science education programme. According to the company, the programme
will enable access to quality computer science education and career opportunities for students from
underserved communities. In the first year, Amazon aims to deliver learning opportunities to more than 1
lakh students from 900 government and aided schools across seven states in the country.
3. Gold Exchange and Social Stock Exchange, which were in the news recently, are approved by
which organisation?
[A] RBI
[B] SEBI
[C] ECGC
[D] NSDL
Answer: SEBI
SEBI’s board recently cleared a proposal for setting up a ‘Gold exchange’ and a ‘Social Stock Exchange’.
In the Gold Exchange, the metal will be traded in the form of Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs) and they
will be notified as securities. Any recognised stock exchange, existing as well as new, can launch
trading in EGRs. Vault manager should be a body incorporated in India, registered with SEBI and should
have a net worth of at least Rs 50 crore. The social stock exchange will be operated for fundraising by
social enterprises.
4. India unveiled a ‘National Action Plan for Dog Mediated Rabies Elimination’(NAPRE), to eliminate
rabies by which year?
[A] 2025
[B] 2027

[C] 2030
[D] 2032
Answer: 2030
India unveiled a ‘National Action Plan for Dog Mediated Rabies Elimination’(NAPRE) by 2030. It has been
drafted by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in consultation with the Ministry of Fisheries,
Animal Husbandry, and Dairying. World Rabies Day is observed on September 28. NAPRE is based on 5
major pillars – political will, sustained funding, intersectoral planning, coordination and review,
community planning, and operational research.
5. ‘International Day of Awareness on Food Loss and Waste Reduction’ is observed on which day?
[A] September 29
[B] September 30
[C] October 1
[D] October 2
Answer: September 29
The world marks the second International Day of Awareness on Food Loss and Waste on September 29,
2021. UNEP also launched the ‘Food is Never Waste’ Coalition at the UN Food Systems Summit held
recently. The theme of the day this year is ‘Stop Food Loss and Waste; For the People; For the Planet”.
Around 14 percent of food produced is lost between harvest and retail, while 17 percent of total global
food production is wasted across the world in various stages. World Heart Day is also celebrated on 29
September. The theme of this year is ‘USE HEART TO CONNECT’.
6. Sweet Revolution, NBHM scheme are associated with which product?
[A] Sugarcane
[B] Honey
[C] Fruits
[D] Palm
Answer: Honey
National Beekeeping & Honey Mission (NBHM), which was announced for three years (2020-21 to
2022-23), aims for the development of scientific beekeeping in the country to achieve the goal of ‘Sweet
Revolution’. It is being implemented through National Bee Board (NBB). Union Agriculture Minister
Narendra Singh Tomar recently launched ‘Amul Honey- a product of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing
Federation Ltd. with cooperation with ‘National Bee Board’.
7. Aapda Mitra Scheme, which was seen in the news recently, is implemented by which Union
Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Defence
[B] Ministry of Home Affairs
[C] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
[D] Ministry of MSME
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Aapda Mitra Scheme is being implemented by Union Home Affairs Ministry. Home Minister Amit Shah
recently released the training manual of Aapda Mitra Scheme and plan documents of Aapda Mitra and
Common Alerting Protocol. The 17th Foundation Day celebrations of National Disaster Management
Authority was held recently. The theme of this year's Foundation Day is 'Stopping Impact of Disaster
Incidents in the Himalayan Region'.
8. Which Union Ministry has launched the ‘Ease of Logistics’ portal?
[A] Ministry of MSME

[B] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[C] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
[D] Ministry of Animal Husbandry and Dairying
Answer: Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO) is the apex trade promotion organisation set up by the
Ministry of Commerce, and private trade and industry bodies in 1965. Union Minister of Commerce &
Industry Piyush Goyal recently launched the ‘Ease of Logistics’ portal. The new portal will be a
connecting link between exporters and logistic service providers. With this, the users will be able to view
the demand from exporters, quote, discuss and finalize business.
9. Fumio Kishida, who was seen in the news recently, is the next Prime Minsiter of which country?
[A] Japan
[B] North Korea
[C] Thailand
[D] Vietnam
Answer: Japan
Japan’s former foreign minister Fumio Kishida is set to replace Yoshihide Suga as the Prime minister.
He has won the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s leadership vote on Wednesday. The 64-year-old is set
to replace PM Suga, after his approval ratings fell within his first year in office. Japan is facing a
stagnant economy damaged by the coronavirus pandemic, unprecedented public health crisis, and
increased political threatening by China.
10. Which country has recently announced a multibillion-euro Defence deal with France?
[A] Greece
[B] Turkey
[C] Italy
[D] Spain
Answer: Greece
France and Greece announced a multibillion-euro Defence deal, which includes the decision of Greece to
buy three French warships. Greece will boost its Defense capacities in the Eastern Mediterranean amid
tensions with Turkey. President Emmanuel Macron and Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
announced a Defense and security strategic partnership in Paris. Greece has already bought 18 French
Rafale fighter jets.
11. Legal Initiative for Forest and Environment (LIFE), which received 2021 Right Livelihood Award,
is based in which state/UT?
[A] Hyderabad
[B] Delhi
[C] Chennai
[D] Gandhi Nagar
Answer: Delhi
Delhi-based environmental organisation Legal Initiative for Forest and Environment (LIFE) has received
the 2021 Right Livelihood Award. The organisation empowers vulnerable communities to protect their
livelihoods and claim their right to a clean environment. The award is known as Sweden’s alternative
Nobel Prize. Other awardees include Cameroonian women rights activist Marthe Wandou, Russian
environmental activist Vladimir Slivyak, and Canadian Indigenous rights defender Freda Huson.
12. The Cabinet approved the continuation of the National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) scheme
till which year?

[A] 2022-23
[B] 2023-24
[C] 2024-25
[D] 2025-26
Answer: 2025-26
The Cabinet approved the continuation of the National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) scheme. The
Government has announced an infusion of Rs 1,650 crore grant-in-aid over five years from FY 2021-2022
to FY 2025-2026. The Cabinet also approved the listing of Export Credit Guarantee Corporation Ltd.
(ECCG), an unlisted CPSE, on the stock exchange. Rs 4,400 crore will be invested in ECGC Ltd in five
years, starting from the financial year 2021-22.
13. Which institution released the report titled ‘Transforming Food Systems for Rural Prosperity’?
[A] IFAD
[B] FAO
[C] NABARD
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: IFAD
United Nations International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has recently released a report
titled ‘Transforming Food Systems for Rural Prosperity’. The report recommended several concrete
actions to be taken by governments and policymakers. It said that the Global food systems need a huge
revolution, in a more inclusive, fair and sustainable way. As per the report, Food systems are responsible
for 37 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions and also highly vulnerable to a changing climate.
14. Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) is associated with which Ministry?
[B] Ministry of Finance
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of Textiles
Answer: Ministry of Finance
The Union Finance Ministry has extended the validity of the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme
(ECLGS) by another six months till March 31, 2022, or till guarantees for the overall ceiling of Rs 4.5 lakh
crore are issued, whichever is earlier. The scheme is aimed to support micro, small and medium
enterprises, by helping them deal with funds shortage and promote exports. As of September 24, 2021,
over Rs. 2.86 lakh crore worth of loans were sanctioned under the scheme
15. Najla Bouden Romdhane, is the first female Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Tunisia
[B] Turkey
[C] Greece
[D] Cuba
Answer: Tunisia
Najla Bouden Romdhane has been named Tunisia’s first female prime minister. Before two months
President Kais Saied assumed executive authority, sacked the prime minister and suspended
parliament. The President had said that during the emergency period, the government would be
responsible to the president. Hence, the new Prime Minister would have less direct power than previous
Prime Ministers.
16. Which institution has developed the first alternative to corneal transplantation in India?
[A] AIIMS
[B] JIPMER
[C] IIT- Hyderabad
[D] NIT- Tiruchirappalli
Answer: IIT- Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-Hyderabad) researchers have recently developed an
alternative to corneal transplantation. The research team have developed a hydrogel from discarded
corneas from human and bovine sources using a novel method. The team discovered that this tissue-
specific hydrogel can prevent cells from scar tissue formation. The team also demonstrated that this
hydrogel can be applied after injury which helps to regenerate the cornea without scarring.
17. Lucy Mission, which was seen in the news recently, is associated with which space agency?
[A] ISRO
[B] NASA
[C] Blue Origin
[D] SpaceX
Answer: NASA
Lucy is a mission of the USA’s NASA, to study Jupiter's Trojan asteroids. This is set to provide new
insights into the solar system's formation 4.5 billion years ago The probe is named Lucy after an ancient
fossil that provided insights into the evolution of human species. It is set to be launched on October 16
from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. It will have a 12-year journey to eight different
asteroids- one in the Main Belt between Mars and Jupiter and seven Trojans.
18. What is the External debt ratio to GDP of India, as of March 2020?
[A] 1.11%
[B] 11.1%
[C] 21.1%
[D] 41.1%
Answer: 21.1%
According to the Union Finance Ministry’ status report on India's external debt, India’s External debt to
GDP ratio increased marginally to 21.1% from 20.6% as at end-March 2020. India's external debt rose by
2.1% year-on-year to $570 billion as of March-end 2021. Reserves to external debt ratio increased to
101.2% from 85.6% during the same period. With this, it can be concluded that India is a net creditor to
the world. The sovereign debt at $107.2 billion rose by 6.2%. The non-sovereign debt grew 1.2% to
$462.8 billion.
19. Which institution released a report titled ‘Digital Economy Report 2021’?
[A] IMF
[B] World Bank
[C] UNCTAD
[D] WTO
Answer: UNCTAD
Digital Economy Report 2021 was released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD). The report examines the implications of growing cross-border data flows, especially for
developing countries. It proposes to broaden the international policy debate with a view to build
multilateral cooperation. The Report also calls for innovative approaches to govern data and data flows
to ensure equitable distribution of the gains from data flows.
20. Which country observed its first ‘National Day for Truth and Reconciliation’?
[A] Australia
[B] Japan
[C] UK
[D] Canada
Answer: Canada
Canada observed its first National Day for Truth and Reconciliation on September 30. It is an annual
commemoration honouring the children who died while attending residential schools. It united the
survivors, families and communities still affected by the legacy of the residential school system. In
2017, a private member's bill was introduced to make National Day for Truth and Reconciliation an
official holiday. Recently, hundreds of potential burial sites and unmarked graves were discovered near
former residential schools.
21. Mont Blanc, which was seen in the news recently, is the highest peak in which mountain range?
[A] Himalayas
[B] Alps
[C] Andes
[D] Mount Everest
Answer: Alps
Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps and Western Europe. The summit of the Mont Blanc
peak, has shrunk by two metres over the past 20 years. Recently, surveyors including experts and high
mountain guides measured the peak and announced its new measurements. It has reached an official
height of 4,807.81 metres above sea level. The official height has been on a downward slide for over a
decade. The highest reading was 4,810.9 metres in 2007.
22. 'Prashasan Gaon ke Sang', is an initiative of which Indian state/UT?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Punjab
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Haryana
Answer: Rajasthan
The state government of Rajasthan has launched a campaign named 'Prashasan Gaon ke Sang'. It aims
to enable access to 22 departments of the local administration for the people of remote villages in the
state. Under the campaign, the departments would hold camps at every gram panchayat to offer on-spot
solutions to the applicants. The camps in villages would be held under the observation of respective
District Collectors on weekdays. Services related to land deeds and issuance of various certificates are
also done.
23. Which Indian is one among the 2021 Yidan Prize awardees?
[A] Dr Rukmini Banerji
[B] Santanu Mishra
[C] Rippan Kapur
[D] Anshu Gupta
Answer: Dr Rukmini Banerji
The Yidan Prize is an education award that recognizes individuals, or teams, who have contributed
significantly to education research and development. The Yidan Prize Foundation have awarded India-
based Dr Rukmini Banerji and US-based Professor Eric Hanushek the prestigious Yidan Prize 2021. Nine
laureates have been awarded the Yidan Prize since its inception in 2016. Dr Rukmini Banerji, Chief
Executive Officer of the Pratham Education Foundation, is awarded for her work in improving learning
outcomes.

24. AMRUT 2.0 and SBM-U 2.0, which were launched recently, com under which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Agriculture
[B] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
[C] Ministry of MSME
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Recently Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) 2.0 and
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 2.0. The schemes would be
implemented by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, like their previous versions. SBM-U 2.0 envisions
to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’ and ensure grey and black water management in all cities. The outlay of
SBM-U 2.0 is around ₹1.41 lakh crore. AMRUT 2.0 aims to provide 100% coverage of water supply to all
households in around 4,700 urban local bodies and 100% coverage of sewerage and septage in 500
AMRUT cities.
25. Who is the head of the expert group on minimum wages and national-floor wages?
[A] SP Mukherjee
[B] JK Ghosh
[C] GP Samanta
[D] Kshatrapati Shivaji
Answer: SP Mukherjee
The expert group on minimum wages and national-floor wages has been reconstituted under economist
and statistician SP Mukherjee. He replaces the previous head Ajit Mishra. The group has been
constituted for a term of three years. The Labour Code on Wages 2019, gives legislative protection of
minimum wages to all workers. The Satpathy-led panel had suggested a national minimum wage at Rs
375 per day or Rs 9,750 per month irrespective of sectors, skills, occupations and rural-urban locations.
26. What per cent of India's exports is contributed by MSMEs, approximately?
[A] 30
[B] 40
[C] 50
[D] 60
Answer: 40
India has more than 63 million MSMEs. They account for nearly 40 per cent of India's exports, about
6.11 per cent of the country's manufacturing GDP. MSMEs contribute to 24.63 per cent of the GDP from
services sector. Union MSME Minister Narayan Rane has inaugurated the India Export Initiative and
IndiaXports 2021 portal of the India SME Forum. India has fixed its exports target of USD 400 billion for
this fiscal year. The Minister said that MSMEs would further take it to $1 trillion by 2027.
27. Hwasong-8, which was seen in the news recently, is a new hypersonic missile tested by which
country?
[A] China
[B] Japan
[C] Israel
[D] North Korea
Answer: North Korea
North Korea has claimed that it successfully tested a new hypersonic missile called Hwasong-8. This
technology allows missiles to be pre-fuelled and then sent to the field. Days after the hypersonic missile,
North Korea said it test-fired a new anti-aircraft missile. This marks the country’s fourth weapons test in

under a month. North Korea also said that its weapons are needed for self-defence.
28. SAGE and SACRED, which were seen in the news, are new portals associated with which
segment of population?
[A] Old Age People
[B] Children
[C] Women
[D] Trans Gender People
Answer: Old Age People
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment organised VAYO NAMAN Programme on the occasion
of International Day of Older Persons. Vice President Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu presented Vayoshreshtha
Samman-2021 to senior citizens. Vice President also launched two portals - SAGE (Seniorcare Aging
Growth Engine) and SACRED (Senior Able Citizens for Re-Employment in Dignity). The SAGE portal,
designed by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, aims to encourage entrepreneurs in the
area of elderly care. SACRED portal will connect the senior citizens with job providers in the private
sector.
29. When is the ‘National Voluntary Blood Donation Day’ observed?
[A] October 1
[B] October 2
[C] October 3
[D] October 4
Answer: October 1
National Voluntary Blood Donation Day is celebrated on 1st October of every year across the country. It
aims to raise awareness about Blood donation and promote voluntary Blood donation in the country. The
theme for this year’s Blood donation event is “Give Blood and keep the world beating”. On this day
various public and private organizations hold Blood donation camps and awareness activities. Our
country needs around 1.45 crore units of blood every year. Collection of blood is done through 3500
licensed blood banks across the country.
30. ‘Chacha Chaudhary’ has been declared as the mascot of which programme in India?
[A] Swachh Bharat 2.0
[B] SAUBHAGYA
[C] Namami Gange Programme
[D] PM Ujjwala Yojana
Answer: Namami Gange Programme
National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) announced that Chacha Chaudhary, the popular comic book
character, has been declared as a mascot of Namami Gange Programme. The character would be used
for sensitising children and youths about the cleaning of Ganga and other rivers. ‘Ganga ki Baat, Chacha
Choudhary Ke Sath’ is a public engagement activity under the public outreach activities of Namami
Gange mission.”
31. Which country has recently declared a state of emergency in the prison system?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Cuba
[D] Ecuador
Answer: Ecuador
The President of Ecuador has recently declared a state of emergency in the prison system of the

country. This decision is followed by a prison massacre event in which more than 115 prison inmates
are reported dead. The state of emergency gives powers to the Government to deploy police and
soldiers inside prisons to bring violent situations under control.
32. “People’s Plan Campaign “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas” has been launched by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Finance
[B] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
[C] Ministry of Panchayati Raj
[D] Ministry of Agriculture
Answer: Ministry of Panchayati Raj
The Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj and Rural Development has launched the People’s Plan
Campaign-2021 “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas” and the Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard recently. The
campaign was launched by the Union Minister Giriraj Singh, during which he also released a booklet on
People Plan Campaign-2021 for preparation of plans for 2022-23.
33. “Bal Raksha Kit” is an immunity boosting medicine developed by which organisation?
[A] AIIMS
[B] IIT Bombay
[C] AIIA
[D] DRDO
Answer: AIIA
The All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), under the aegis Union Ayush Ministry has developed an
immunity booster kit for children named “Bal Raksha Kit”, which can be consumed by children upto the
age of 16 years. This can be undertaken by the children till the time vaccine is available for COVID 19
disease. The Ministry has planned that, on National Ayurveda Day (November 2), 10,000 Bal Raksha kits
would be distributed free-of-cost.
34. LORROS, which is in news recently, is a system associated with which field?
[A] Agriculture
[B] Surveillance
[C] Artificial Intelligence
[D] Finance
Answer: Surveillance
LORROS stands for Long Range Reconnaissance and Observation System, which is a sensor system to
provide for long-range day-time and night-time surveillance. It is used by the national security forces like
the Indian Army, to counter infiltration. LORROS has been in the news recently, as an expert panel has
cleared a revised technical requirement for implementation of the technology by Border Security Force
and Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
35. India has recently signed “Terms of Reference for the Conduct of Navy-to-Navy Talks” with
which country?
[A] China
[B] USA
[C] Australia
[D] Japan
Answer: Australia
The Indian Navy had signed the “Joint Guidance for the India – Australia Navy to Navy Relationship” on
18th August 2021, following which India has signed Terms of Reference for the Conduct of Navy-to-Navy
Talks” with Australia. The signing ceremony was held virtually between the Rear Admiral of the two

Navies.
36. Which institution publishes the Global Financial Stability Report semi-annually?
[A] World Bank
[B] IMF
[C] ADB
[D] New Development Bank
Answer: IMF
The Global Financial Stability Report is a semi-annual publication by the International Monetary Fund,
which gives detailed review on the stability of global financial markets. In the recent Global Financial
Stability Report, the IMF has dedicated an exclusive chapter to cryptocurrency. Under it, IMF mentions
that rapid growth of the crypto ecosystem presents new opportunities at the same time, it has cautioned
about the financial stability challenges.
37. Who has become the first Indian Woman cricketer to score a century in Australia?
[A] Smriti Mandhana
[B] Mithali Raj
[C] Shafali Verma
[D] Punam Raut
Answer: Smriti Mandhana
Indian ace woman cricketer Smriti Mandhana has created a new record by becoming the very first Indian
woman to score a century in Australia. The previously held record in this regard was 58 runs in the
second innings of the Melbourne Test in 1991. Mandhana scored 127 runs off 216 balls, which included
22 boundaries and a six.
38. Edayur and Kuttiattoor, which were in news recently, belongs to which state?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Kerala
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Kerala
Edayur Chilli and Kuttiattoor Mango of the state of Kerala have received Geographical Indication tag (GI
Tag) recently. Geographical Indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical
origin and is regulated under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act of
1999. GI is awarded by the Controller General of Patents, Design and Trade Marks, under the Union
Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
39. G Sathiyan, Harmeet Desai and A Sharath Kamal are associated with which sport?
[A] Table Tennis
[B] Tennis
[C] Shooting
[D] Boxing
Answer: Table Tennis
Indian Men’s Table Tennis team which includes ace players G Sathiyan, Harmeet Desai and A Sharath
Kamal have won Bronze medal at the Asian Championships at Doha, Qatar. The team lost to South Korea
with a 0-3 point at the semi-finals. During the event, the Indian women's team secured the 5th position.
40. The famous ‘World Expo’ is hosted by which city from October 2021 to March 2022?
[A] Dubai
[B] Abu Dhabi
[C] Doha
[D] Muscat
Answer: Dubai
The Dubai Expo 2020, the world’s biggest trade and commerce exhibition would run for a period of 6
months from 1 October to 31 March 2022. This World Expo hosted by Dubai, United Arab Emirates, has
the theme, 'Connecting Minds, Creating the Future'. In the Expo, India has 1 lakh square feet pavilion
which showcases India’s emerging sectors, achievements of ministries and states. One floor of the India
pavilion is devoted to India’s art, dance, and culture. The pavilion was constructed by state-run NBCC
and FICCI decided the content to display.
41. As per RBI, Additional Factor Authentication (AFA) by OTP for all recurring transactions above
Rs. ……… is mandated?
[A] Rs 2000
[B] Rs 5000
[C] Rs 10000
[D] Rs 15000
Answer: Rs 5000
The Reserve Bank of India has mandated all banks to make Additional Factor Authentication (AFA) by
way of OTP for all recurring or repetitive payments of value Rs.5000 and above, especially for the ones
made through credit and debit cards. This has come into effect from 1st October 2021. RBI has also
mandated that customers are notified about the scheduled payment 24 hrs in advance by the bank.
42. What is the name of the fund launched recently for collecting contributions for providing tap
water connection?
[A] Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh
[B] Bharat Jal Kosh
[C] Atma Nirbhar Jal Kosh
[D] Humara Jal Jeevan Kosh
Answer: Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh
Prime Minister recehntly virtually launched the Jal Jeevan Mission mobile application. It contains all
details about the mission including the number of households that received water, quality of water etc.
The application aims to improve awareness among stakeholders and for more transparency and
accountability of schemes under the Jal Jeevan mission. He also launched the Rashtriya Jal Jeevan
Kosh. The fund facilitates contributions for providing tap water connection in every rural household,
school, Anganwadi centre, etc. Contributions can be made by any individual, organisation, philanthropist,
either in India or abroad.
43. Who is the Patron-in-Chief of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)?
[A] President of India
[B] Prime Minister of India
[C] Chief Justice of India
[D] Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: Chief Justice of India
The Chief Justice of India (CJI), is also the Patron-in-chief of the National Legal Services Authority.
Recently, the six-week-long 'The Pan India Legal Awareness and Outreach Campaign' by NALSA was
launched at Vigyan Bhavan. It was inaugurated by President Ram Nath Kovind on the occasion of
Mahatma Gandhi’s birth anniversary.
44. What is the name of the cyclone that hit Oman and is an offspring of the cyclone Gulab?

[A] Shaheen
[B] Fakit
[C] Gulmuhar
[D] Tez
Answer: Shaheen
The Tropical Cyclone Shaheen has hit the coast of Oman and has caused human and material damage in
the region. This cyclone is an offspring of the cyclone Gulab which had a devastating impact on the east
coast of India in late September 2021. The remnant of cyclone Gulab along with the low-pressure region
over Gujarat had gained strength to form the new cyclone Shaheen.
45. Which organization publishes the “Model Lists of Essential Medicines”?
[A] AIIMS
[B] IMA
[C] WHO
[D] FAO
Answer: WHO
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently published the latest edition of “Model Lists of
Essential Medicines and Essential Medicines for Children”. The new list has prioritized access to
diabetes and cancer treatments. The list has included new medicines to assist people who want to stop
smoking and new antimicrobials to treat serious bacterial and fungal infections.
46. ‘DAY NRLM’ scheme is implemented by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
[B] Ministry of Agriculture
[C] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[D] Ministry of Rural Development
Answer: Ministry of Rural Development
The Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY NRLM) is a flagship
scheme launched by the Union Ministry of Rural Development in the year 2011, which creates an
institutional platform for rural poor and enhance their livelihood. Under the scheme, recently 50,000
women SHG members have been dedicated to the nation as B C Sakhi, who would provide doorstep
services in every Gram Panchayat.
47. Abiy Ahmed, has been sworn in as the Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Israel
[B] Iran
[C] Ethiopia
[D] Venezuela
Answer: Ethiopia
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has been sworn in for a new five-year term. The government has
been facing a lot of challenges, including a long conflict in the northern region of Tigray. Abiy’s
Prosperity Party was declared the winner of parliamentary elections earlier this year. The prime minister
was also the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize winner for restoring ties with neighbouring country Eritrea.
48. Which state is set to receive the first consignment of Kashmiri walnuts, flagged off for the first
time?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Karnataka
[C] Kerala

[D] Punjab
Answer: Karnataka
The first consignment of Kashmiri walnuts was recently flagged off from Budgam. The consignment
with 2,000 kgs of walnuts was despatched to Bengaluru, Karnataka under the One District, One Product
(ODOP) initiative. ODOP is a flagship initiative of Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Kashmir accounts
for 90% of India’s walnut production. They are known for the superior quality, taste and nutrients and
hence widely in demand across the globe.
49. Which state has provided Rs 445 Cr to DISCOMs, to prevent Elephant Electrocution?
[A] Kerala
[B] Odisha
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Odisha
The Odisha government has provided ₹445.75 crore to distribution companies (DISCOMs) to increase
the ground clearance of electrical networks. The DISCOMs would replace bare conductors in elephant
corridors. According to the Wildlife Society of Orissa (WSO), 862 elephants have lost their lives between
April 2010 August 2021. It also highlights that as many as 135, or nearly 16% of those elephants died
due to electrocution.
50. ‘Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt’ is aimed to provide credit facility to which type
of borrowers?
[A] Street Vendors
[B] Stressed MSMEs
[C] Stressed Farmers
[D] Fishermen
Answer: Stressed MSMEs
'Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt’ was launched on 24th June, 2020 to provide credit
facility to the promoters of stressed MSMEs, through lending institutions. SMA-2 and NPA accounts who
are eligible for restructuring as per RBI guidelines are the beneficiaries. The Government had earlier
decided to extend this scheme for six months from 31.03.2021 to 30.09.2021. Now it has been further
extended till 31.03.2022.
51. Which city is set to play host to the 40th edition of India International Trade Fair (IITF)?
[A] Mumbai
[B] New Delhi
[C] Varanasi
[D] Ahmedabad
Answer: New Delhi
India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) is set to conduct the 40th edition of India International Trade
Fair (IITF) at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi from November 14 to 27. The fair is to be conducted with the
theme of “Atmanirbhar Bharat” with a focus on economy, export potential, infrastructure supply chain,
demand and vibrant demography. The event is organised as a part of “AzadiKaAmritMahotsav”.
52. Which Football club won their maiden Durand Cup football title in 2021?
[A] FC Kerala
[B] FC Goa
[C] Odisha FC
[D] Bengaluru FC

Answer: FC Goa
FC Goa claimed their maiden Durand Cup football tournament title after a 1-0 win over Mohammedan SC
in the fnal clash in Kolkata. Captain Eduardo Bedia scored the important goal in the 105th minute after
the final match went into the extra time. The Durand Cup also marked FC Goa coach Juan Ferrando
Fenoll's first-ever trophy in India.
53. What are ‘Pandora Papers’ which is seen in the news recently?
[A] Paper manufactured in Italy
[B] Eco friendly paper
[C] Documents revealing undisclosed wealth and tax avoidance
[D] Documents related to Bitcoin
Answer: Documents revealing undisclosed wealth and tax avoidance
The Pandora Papers, which is in the news recently are documents on hidden wealth, tax avoidance and
money laundering by famous personalities across the globe. The data in this regard has been obtained
by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and more than 140 media organisations are
working on the people who are involved in money laundering. These documents reveal the complex
network of companies set up across the globe to evade taxation.
54. Who is the MD of National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd. (NARCL)?
[A] PM Nair
[B] Ajit Doval
[C] Urjit Patel
[D] UK Sinha
Answer: PM Nair
PM Nair – a stressed assets expert from State Bank of India is the MD of National Asset Reconstruction
Company Ltd, which has recently received the approval of the Reserve Bank of India to commence its
operations. The decision to constitute the “Bad Bank” / NARCL to clean the books of PSU was declared
in the Union Budget 2021-22.
55. “Azadi@75 – New Urban India” – the Urban conclave was inaugurated in which city?
[A] Mumbai
[B] New Delhi
[C] Varanasi
[D] Lucknow
Answer: Lucknow
The Prime Minister of India Shri. Narendra Modi has inaugurated the “Azadi@75 – New Urban India” –
an urban conclave cum expo at Lucknow. During the inaugural event, the PM handed over digitally the
keys of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U) houses to 75,000 beneficiaries located in 75
districts of Uttar Pradesh.
56. In which state, a “Made in India” drone has been used to transport Covid-19 vaccines?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Assam
[C] Manipur
[D] Kerala
Answer: Manipur
ICMR's initiative for 'drone-based vaccine delivery system' in North-Eastern India was launched recently.
A “Made in India” drone was deployed in Manipur to transport Covid-19 vaccines for an aerial distance of
15 km from Bishnupur district hospital to the Loktak lake, Karang island. This is the first time a Made in
India drone was deployed for vaccine transportation. This makes India the first nation in Southeast Asia
to send vaccines in an unmanned aerial craft.
57. When is World Habitat Day observed every year?
[A] First Monday of October
[B] First Sunday of October
[C] Last Sunday of September
[D] Last Saturday of September
Answer: First Monday of October
Every year, First Monday of October is observed by the United Nations as “World Habitat Day”, to stress
on the basic right of all to adequate shelter and to highlight the state of our habitats. This year, it was
observed on October 4. The theme for this year’s World Habitat Day is “Accelerating urban action for a
carbon-free world”.
58. 'JIMEX', is the maritime exercise between India and which country?
[A] Japan
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Jamaica
[D] France
Answer: Japan
The fifth edition of the India-Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise (JIMEX) between the Indian Navy and the
Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF), is set to be held in the Arabian Sea from October 6 to 8.
JIMEX series of exercises was started in January 2012 with special focus on maritime security
cooperation. The most recent edition of JIMEX was conducted in September 2020. Indian Navy will be
represented by Indigenously-built Guided Missile Stealth Destroyer Kochi and Guided Missile Frigate
Teg.
59. Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development Scheme (CHCDS) is a scheme of which Union
Ministry?
[B] Ministry of Textiles
Answer: Ministry of Textiles
The Ministry of Textiles has approved continuation of Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development
Scheme (CHCDS) with a total outlay of ₹160 crore. The scheme will now continue up to March 2026.
Under the scheme, infrastructural support, market access, design and technology up-gradation support
are provided to handicraft artisans.
60. Which state has passed a law to allow grant-in-aid colleges to affiliate with private universities?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Gujarat
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Kerala
Answer: Gujarat
Gujarat Legislative Assembly has unanimously revoked the Gujarat Private Universities (Second
Amendment) Bill 2021. Four months ago, the state government had passed an ordinance allowing grant-
in-aid colleges to affiliate with private universities. It amended the 2009 Act, deleting the clause
exempting the grant-in-aid colleges and institutions from affiliating to universities established by their

sponsoring bodies. This allowed grant-in-aid colleges to switch affiliations from state-run universities to
private ones.
61. ‘Swechha’ programme is an initiative of which Indian state/UT?
[A] Telangana
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Karnataka
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy will launch the ‘Swechha’ programme, which
aims to promote the health and hygiene of women and adolescent girls. Under the initiative, the state
government will provide sanitary napkins at government educational institutions free of cost. 10 lakh
adolescent girls studying from 7th-12th grades in all government schools and intermediate colleges
across the state would be provided 10 sanitary napkins will be given every month.
62. “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier” is situated in which country?
[A] Italy
[B] France
[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: USA
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a famed memorial in Arlington National Cemetery – USA, has been
constructed to pay tribute to the unidentified service members who died in U.S. conflicts. The place has
been in news recently, since for the first time in 84 years the monument has an all-female guard, which
is seen as a milestone in the USA.
63. “MITRA” scheme announced in Budget 2021-22 is associated with which sector?
[A] Defence
[B] Textile
[C] Automobile
[D] Medicine
Answer: Textile
The PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (MITRA) was announced in the Union Budget
2021-22 for growth of the textile sector and place India as a global leader in Textiles. The Government
has approved setting up of 7 Mega Textile parks at a proposed cost of Rs.4445 crore. These parks are
expected to provide job opportunities to 21 lakh people.
64. What is the theme for this year’s “World Teacher’s Day”?
[A] We care for Teachers
[B] Support for Teachers
[C] Teachers at the heart of education recovery
[D] Teachers to be taught
Answer: Teachers at the heart of education recovery
Every year, 5th October is celebrated as the World Teachers’ Day by UNESCO. This was introduced in
1994 to recognize Teacher’s contributions to shape the world. This year, World Teacher’s Day is
celebrated under the theme “Teachers at the heart of education recovery”. This theme stresses the
support which teachers require to make education recovery from COVID disruption.
65. The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2021 has been awarded for developing a new way for building
molecules known as?
[A] Asymmetric organocatalysis
[B] Altered DNAs
[C] Altered mRNAs
[D] None of these
Answer: Asymmetric organocatalysis
The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2021 has been awarded to Benjamin List and David WC MacMillan. They
were cited for developing a new way for building molecules known as “Asymmetric organocatalysis.” As
per the Nobel panel, List and MacMillan independently developed a new way of catalysis. Last year, the
prize went to Emmanuelle Charpentier of France and Jennifer A. Doudna of the United States for
developing a gene-editing tool which provided a way to alter DNA.
66. Which country has passed the “Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Bill”?
[A] Singapore
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Nepal
Answer: Singapore
Singapore has passed the ‘Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Bill’. The act identifies people who
could possibly present a threat to the country’s political sovereignty if “the person’s activities are
influenced by foreign principals”. The law is aimed at strengthening the government’s ability to prevent
or detect any foreign interference in domestic politics. The Minister of Home Affairs gets the right to
investigate or remove social media accounts, internet websites and applications and internet service.
67. The Forest Conservation Act, to which changed are proposed, was passed in which year?
[A] 1972
[B] 1980
[C] 1992
[D] 2000
Answer: 1980
The Union Environment Ministry has released a consultation paper on amending the Forest Conservation
Act 1980 to bring some important changes to Forest governance in India. In includes enabling private
plantations for harvesting and exploration or extraction of oil and natural gas deep beneath forest land
by drilling holes from outside the forest areas. State governments have been asked to send their
comments within 15 days.
68. Mosquirix, which was seen in the news, is the first vaccine approved by WHO, against which
disease?
[A] Dengue
[B] Malaria
[C] Zika
[D] West Nile virus
Answer: Malaria
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of the first-ever malaria vaccine for
children. The WHO panel approved the RTS,S/AS01 malaria or Mosquirix - a vaccine developed by the
British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). As per WHO, Malaria kills about 500,000 people each year,
about half of them are the children in Africa. Mosquirix is given in three doses between ages 5 and 17
months, and a fourth dose roughly 18 months later.
69. Anshu Malik, who was seen in the news recently, is associated with which sports?

[A] Wrestling
[B] Weight- Lifting
[C] Fencing
[D] Table Tennis
Answer: Wrestling
Anshu Malik created history by becoming the first Indian woman wrestler to reach the final of the
wrestling World Championships. The 19-year-old wrestler is the reigning Asian champion. Only four
Indian women wrestlers have won medals at the Worlds- Geeta Phogat (2012), Babita Phogat (2012),
Pooja Dhanda (2018) and Vinesh Phogat (2019) and all of them have clinched bronze. Anshu has the
chance of becoming only the second Indian wrestler to become a world champion, after Sushil Kumar
(2010).
70. High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, was officially launched in which year?
[A] 1984
[B] 1992
[C] 2000
[D] 2021
Answer: 2021
The High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People (HAC) is an intergovernmental group, co-chaired by
France and Costa Rica. Its objective is to support the adoption of a target to protect 30% of the planet’s
land and 30% of its oceans by 2030 (30x30 target). The Coalition was officially launched at the One
Planet Summit in 2021. It currently has around 70 members. India officially joined the coalition at a
ceremony held between the French and Indian governments in New Delhi.
71. Vallilath Madhathil Madhavan Nair, who passed away recently, is associated with which
profession?
[A] Sports
[B] Business
[C] Bureaucracy
[D] Politics
Answer: Bureaucracy
Vallilath Madhathil Madhavan Nair, the oldest living former diplomat of India, passed away at the age of
102. He joined the Indian Civil Service or the ICS in 1942 and was allotted to the Bihar Cadre. He was
permanently recruited to the Indian Foreign Service later. He had served in various important positions in
the External Affairs Department and in charge of Commonwealth Relations. He retired from the IFS in
the late 1970s.
72. Where is the US-India Business Council (USIBC) summit held recently?
[A] Washington
[B] New Delhi
[C] New York
[D] Pune
Answer: New Delhi
The US-India Business Council (USIBC) summit was held recently in New Delhi. India and the United
States of America held bilateral talks during the visit of Deputy Secretary of State Wendy R Sherman to
Delhi. They also discussed India-US "2+2" ministeral meeting which is likely to be held in November. The
officials also discussed on S-400 air-defence system that India is buying from Russia.
73. Which Indian topped the Forbes Rich List for the 14th year in a row?

[A] Gautam Adani
[B] Mukesh Ambani
[C] Radhakrishnan Damani
[D] Savitri Jindal
Answer: Mukesh Ambani
Mukesh Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Industries, topped the rich list for the 14th year in a row, as per
Forbes Rich List, with a total wealth of $92 billion, He has added $4 billion to his net worth in the year
2021. Gautam Adani, with a wealth of $74.8 billion, is the second richest in India with only $17.9 billion
short of Ambani. Shiv Nadar of HCL was number three in the list with a wealth of $31 billion.
Radhakrishnan Damani, founder of Avenues Super-mart, and Cyrus Poonawalla, Chairman of Serum
Institute, were placed fourth and fifth.
74. How many countries are part of the Central Asian Flyway (CAF)?
[A] 30
[B] 40
[C] 50
[D] 60
Answer: 30
The two-day Online Meeting of Range countries began to strengthen the conservation actions for
migratory birds and their habitats in the Central Asian Flyway. Central Asian Flyway (CAF) covers a large
area of Eurasia between the Arctic and Indian Oceans. This area comprises several important migration
routes of birds. There are 30 countries under the Central Asian Flyway, including India. India organised
two-day online meeting on 6th -7th October 2021 with CAF Range Countries.
75. The ‘Ajeya Warrior’ Defence exercise is held between India and which country?
[A] UK
[B] France
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Bangladesh
Answer: UK
India and the UK kickstarted a two-week military exercise ‘Ajeya Warrior’ at Chaubatia in Uttarakhand. It
aims to strengthen bilateral defence cooperation between the two countries. As per the Indian Army, this
edition of the ‘Ajeya Warrior’ exercise is part of an initiative to develop interoperability and sharing of
expertise, it said.
76. Which Indian state/UT has launched the ‘State Capability Forum’?
[A] Assam
[B] Meghalaya
[C] Odisha
[D] Telangana
Answer: Meghalaya
Meghalaya has recently launched the Meghalaya State Capability Forum. It is initiated under the ongoing
State Capability Enhancement Project (SCEP). Meghalaya State Capability Forum will include bi-monthly
events, attended by public officials, academia and civil society members. Each event will focus on a
theme of importance for Meghalaya’s development.
77. Which institution released a report titled ‘Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led
Development’?
[A] IMF

[B] World Bank
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] UNEP
Answer: World Bank
World Bank recently released the report titled ‘Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led
Development’. As per the report, India’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the current fiscal year is
estimated to grow by 8.3%. This is a South Asia economic focus report released ahead of its annual
meetings which start next week in Washington.
78. PM CARES for Children Scheme is implemented by which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
[B] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Women and Child Development
The Ministry of Women and Child Development has issued the detailed guidelines for PM CARES for
Children Scheme. The aim of the scheme is to ensure protection of children who have lost their
parent(s) to COVID pandemic. The scheme is expected to continue till the year when every identified
beneficiary shall turn 23 years of age.
79. Lakhimpur, which was seen often in the news, is located in which Indian state?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Uttarakhand
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Assam
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Lakhimpur is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It was seen in the news because in the October 3
Lakhimpur Kheri violence, nine persons lost their lives. The Uttar Pradesh government has deputed
Pradeep Kumar Srivastava, a retired judge of the Allahabad High Court, to probe the Lakhimpur Kheri
violence. The judicial commission will have its office in Lakhimpur Kheri and would submit its report
within two months.
80. What is the theme of the ‘World Post Day’ 2021?
[A] Innovate to recover
[B] Post to Connect
[C] Communication during Covid
[D] Post across the World
Answer: Innovate to recover
World Post Day is celebrated each year on 9th of October to mark the anniversary of establishment of
the Universal Postal Union in 1874. India has been a member of the Universal Postal Union since 1876.
The theme for this year’s World Post Day is ‘Innovate to recover’. The objective of the World Post Day is
to create awareness about the role of postal sector in the lives of people.
81. What is the name of the application launched by the Union Shipping Ministry to promote
transparency in port-related information?
[A] AtmaNirbhar Port
[B] MyPort
[C] Bharat Port
[D] Port in Hand

Answer: MyPort
Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal recently launched a port mobile
application called 'MyPortApp' in Kolkata. The Application is aimed at promoting transparency and easy
access to port-related information. The app includes all details digitally and monitors the operations of
ports virtually.
82. India has signed a ‘Forward Action Plan’ on power, clean transportation and Green Finance with
which country?
[A] Australia
[B] UK
[C] France
[D] USA
Answer: UK
India and the United Kingdom have agreed upon a ‘Forward Action Plan’ on power, clean transportation,
renewables, green finance, and research as part of the 2030 roadmap. 3rd India-UK Energy for Growth
Partnership – Ministerial Energy Dialogue was co-chaired by Union Minister for Power and New
&Renewable Energy, Shri R.K. Singh and his UK counterpart. The United Nations Climate Change
Conference (COP-26) will start from 31 October in Glasgow.
83. Bathukamma is a floral festival celebrated in which Indian state?
[A] Kerala
[B] Telangana
[C] West Bengal
[D] Punjab
Answer: Telangana
A floral festival celebrated mainly in Telangana and some parts of Andhra Pradesh, Bathukamma is
celebrated for nine days. To mark the beginning of the nine-day festival, women carry thalis containing
flowers and incense sticks. The goddess is created each year, and immersed in local water bodies, on
the 10th day of the festival.
84. Who is the head of the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of
Finance?
[A] Prime Minister of India
[B] Finance Minister
[C] Finance Secretary
[D] Chief Economic Advisor
Answer: Chief Economic Advisor
The Chief Economic Advisor is the head of the Economic Division of the Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance. Shri. KV Subramanian who was the Chief Economic Advisor of India since
December 2018 has stepped down from the post and has returned to academia. He has been
instrumental in roll out of Economic Surveys for FY19, FY20 and FY21
85. “River ranching programme” which has been launched recently in Uttar Pradesh is introduced
under which scheme?
[A] PM Krishi Sanchayee Yojana
[B] PM Matsya Sampada Yojana
[C] Per Drop More Crop
[D] PM Fasal Bima Yojana
Answer: PM Matsya Sampada Yojana

“River ranching programme” designed as a special activity under the PM Matsya Sampada Yojana under
the Union Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying aims to augment and enhance fish
production. The programme has been launched by the Union Minister Shri Parshottam Rupala at Brijghat,
Garh Mukteshwar, Uttar Pradesh.
86. India has entered into an agreement with Croatia in which field, recently?
[A] Indian traditional medicine
[B] Sports
[C] Digital Education
[D] Defence
Answer: Indian traditional medicine
The Union Ministry of Ayush, Government of India has entered into an agreement with the Government of
Croatia for research and development in Indian traditional medicine systems. The MoU agreement was
signed by the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) on Indian behalf. Croatia has proposed to include
Indian Ayurveda and Yoga along with its tourism packages.
87. A group of 136 countries, including India have set a minimum global tax rate at what per cent,
for big companies?
[A] 5%
[B] 10%
[C] 15%
[D] 20%
Answer: 15%
A set of 136 countries including India have set a minimum global tax of 15% for big companies. This
sets a floor tax rate for these countries to attract investment and prevents countries from levying tax at
a lower rate to multinational companies. By many countries including the USA, this move is seen as a
level playing field and this rate is lower than the corporate tax rate of 23.5% in many countries.
88. Which India conglomerate has won the bid to acquire Air India?
[A] Tata Sons
[B] Reliance Industries Limited
[C] Adani Group
[D] Mahindra Group
Answer: Tata Sons
The Tata Sons has emerged as the winner in the bid to acquire Air India and will take over 100%
Government of India’s stake in the carrier. Tata sons placed a bid of Rs 18,000 crore, of which Rs 2,700
crore would be paid in cash and the remaining would be absorbed over Rs 60,000 crore debt of the
airline. The Government of India in 1953 took control of Air India from the Tata Group.
89. The Exercise Malabar is associated with which Armed force of India?
[A] Indian Army
[B] Indian Navy
[C] Indian Coast Guard
[D] National Security Guard
Answer: Indian Navy
The Exercise Malabar is a Naval / Maritime Exercise of Navies of India, Japan, Australia and USA. The
second phase of Malabar exercise would be conducted from October 12-15, 2021 in the Bay of Bengal.
INS Ranvijay, INS Satpura, P8I Maritime Patrol Aircraft and a Submarine would be representing India in
the exercise.
90. Sunil Chhetri, who was in the news recently, is associated with which sports?
[A] Cricket
[B] Football
[C] Volleyball
[D] Kabaddi
Answer: Football
Indian professional footballer and the Captain of Indian National Football team - Sunil Chhetri has
recently scored his 77th international goal, in a match against Nepal at the SAFF Championships in
Male. With this, he has equalled the goal table of Pele, former legendary Brazilian Footballer. This record
was made by him in his 123rd match for India.
91. Indian Born Dr.Abdul Qadeer Khan, who passed away recently is associated with which field?
[A] Atomic and Nuclear Science
[B] Cricket
[C] Politics
[D] Agriculture
Answer: Atomic and Nuclear Science
Indian Born Dr.Abdul Qadeer Khan, also known as the father of Pakistan's atomic weapons program died
recently in Pakistan. He was born in the year 1936 in Bhopal and moved to Pakistan during the 1947
Partition of India and Pakistan. Dr. Khan is said to have made Pakistan a nuclear power, from its
scratch.
92. Sebastian Kurz has resigned from the post of Chancellor of which country?
[A] New Zealand
[B] Australia
[C] Austria
[D] Italy
Answer: Austria
The conservative Chancellor of Austria - Sebastian Kurz has stepped down from the post, on allegations
and suspicion of corruption. This move has been made by Sebastian three days before a special sitting
of the country’s parliament, in which the members were preparing to back a motion of no-confidence,
which might have forced him out of the post.
93. What is the name of long-haul freight train of Indian Railway, which has 177 wagons?
[A] Hamda
[B] Hind
[C] Bharat
[D] Trishul
Answer: Trishul
The Indian Railway has launched two long haul freight trains named “Trishul” and “Garuda”, which are
multiple times longer than the normal trains. The Train named “Trishul” is run by the South-Central
Railway (SCR) and comprises of 177 wagons. It ran between the Kondapalli station to Khurda division of
East Coast Railway.
94. When is the ‘International Day of the Girl Child’ observed across the world?
[A] October 10
[B] October 11
[C] October 14
[D] October 15

Answer: October 11
The International Day of the Girl Child is observed annually on October 11, to highlight the gender
equality impacts. In 2011, the United Nations General Assembly declared October 11 as the International
Day of the Girl Child, to recognise the challenges faced by girls. This year, the UN urges the world to
bridge the gender digital divide existing in diverse skills and jobs. It has highlighted on the gender digital
divide in connectivity, devices, and use, skills and jobs.
95. When is the ‘World Day Against the Death Penalty’ observed every year?
[A] October 8
[B] October 10
[C] October 12
[D] October 14
Answer: October 10
October 10 marks the World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year, the theme is focused on
safeguarding the health and rights of women and girls around the world. According to Amnesty
International’s 2020 death penalty report, more than two-thirds of the world has now abolished the death
penalty in law or practice. As many as 108 countries have completely abolished the death penalty for all
crimes. As per the report, at least 483 people were known to have been executed in 2020.
96. Which Indian state has launched a campaign called ‘Mission Kavach Kundal’?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Bihar
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Maharashtra
Maharashtra Health Minister Rajesh Tope recently announced Mission Kavach Kundal from October 8-14
to carry out 15 lakh vaccinations daily. The State has a target to vaccinate 9.15 crore people out of
which about 6 crore people have taken the first dose of the vaccine and 2.5 crore people have taken
both doses of vaccine. Hence, about 65 per cent of the eligible population have taken the first dose
while 30 per cent, their second dose.
97. Power Ministry has set a revised policy to use which product in Coal-burning thermal power
plants?
[A] Biomass Pellets
[B] Compressed Natural Gas
[C] Jute
[D] Gypsum
Answer: Biomass Pellets
The Union Power Ministry has set a revised policy to use biomass pellets in coal-burning thermal power
plants. This guideline encourages the use of agricultural waste which is otherwise burnt by farmers,
causing air pollution. The decision mandates three categories of thermal power plants to use a five per
cent blend of biomass pellets along with coal. The policy will come into force in October 2022
98. "The Custodian of Trust", is an upcoming book written by which famous banker?
[A] Raghuram Rajan
[B] Rajnish Kumar
[C] Arundhati Bhattacharya
[D] Usha Thorat
Answer: Rajnish Kumar

The Memoirs of Rajnish Kumar, former Chairman of State Bank of India (SBI), is set to be released on
October 18. The book is set to be published by Penguin Random House India (PRHI) The book describes
his journey as a banker, from being a probationary officer in SBI to becoming its Chairman in 2017. The
book also captures various changes he witnessed in India's banking sector during his career.
99. Karuppur kalamkari paintings and wood carvings of Kallakurichi, which have received GI tags,
belongs to which state?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Haryana
Answer: Tamil Nadu
Karuppur Kalamkari paintings and wood carvings of Kallakurichi, both belonging to the state of Tamil
Nadu have received geographical indication or GI tag, from the Government of India. GI tag is awarded to
products of specific geographical origin and it adds significance to the product. It is regulated under the
Geographical Indications registration is administered by the Geographical Indications of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act of 1999.
100. Jezero crater, which was seen in the news recently, is a depression found in which space body?
[A] Venus
[B] Jupiter
[C] Mars
[D] Moon
Answer: Mars
Jezero crater is known to be a dry, wind-eroded depression in the surface of Mars. However, the first
scientific analysis of images taken by NASA’s Perseverance rover has now confirmed that the Jezero
crater was once a quiet lake. It says that the lake was fed steadily by a small river over 3.7 billion years
ago. The images also reveal evidence that the crater underwent flash floods. The new analysis is based
on images of the outcropping rocks inside the crater on its western side.
101. Darwin’s ground sloth, which is seen in the news recently, were originally found in which
region?
[A] Asia
[B] South America
[C] Europe
[D] Australia
Answer: South America
Darwin’s ground sloth (Mylodon darwinii), lived in South America between 1.8 million years and 12,000
years ago. Though the six living sloth species are relatively small and herbivorous tree-dwellers, some
species roamed from Alaska to South America. As per findings of a recent study, the extinct species
was between 3 and 4 m long and weighed between 1 and 2 tons. The study also contradicts that all
sloths were necessarily herbivores.
102. Where is the International Energy Agency headquartered?
[A] Geneva
[B] Paris
[C] Doha
[D] Kathmandu
Answer: Paris

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an intergovernmental organization, established in the year 1974
and is headquartered at Paris, France. It was established in the framework of the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The IEA has invited India to become its full-time
member. If India becomes a full-time member of the forum, then it would be required to maintain a
strategic oil reserves of 90 days.
103. Minister for Forest and Environment released the Vision Plan for Indian zoos, for which
duration?
[A] 2021-2031
[B] 2021-2025
[C] 2022-2032
[D] 2022-2026
Answer: 2021-2031
Union Environment Minister released important publications of the Central Zoo Authority, at the National
conference for Zoo directors and veterinarians organized by Central Zoo Authority and hosted by Sardar
Patel Zoological Park, Gujarat. First is the Vision Plan (2021-2031) for Indian zoos to upgrade them to
global standards and strengthening of Central Zoo Authority. It focusses on animal care, research, and
visitor experiences. Second is the WASH Manual for Zoos- for creating and maintaining WASH facilities
within the premises for staff and visitors. He also gave away ‘Prani Mitra’ Awards, set up by CZA.
104. Which institution launched ‘Strategy to Achieve Global Covid-19 Vaccination by mid-2022’?
[A] World Health Organisation
[B] UNICEF
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Answer: World Health Organisation
WHO launched its ‘Strategy to Achieve Global Covid-19 Vaccination by mid-2022’ launched last week. As
a part of the strategy, India will soon submit its covid-19 vaccination targets to WHOwith an updated
national vaccination trajectory. It will also include plans defining dose requirements, investment
required for manufacturing the vaccines and their distribution through the government. As per WHO, all
countries must meet its targets to vaccinate 40% of their population by end-2021 and 70% by mid-2022.
105. ‘Monthly Economic Review’ is released by which institution in India?
[A] Reserve Bank of India
[B] Finance Ministry
[C] Assocham
[D] FICCI
Answer: Finance Ministry
As per the Finance Ministry’s Monthly Economic Review, India is well-placed on the path to swift
recovery with growth impulses visibly transmitted to all sectors of the economy. The FInance Minister
also said that economic activity is gaining further momentum in September. India’s merchandise exports
crossed the $30-billion mark for the sixth consecutive month in fiscal year 2021-22. The rate of growth
of bank credit stood at 6.7 per cent year-on-year in the fortnight ending September 10, 2021, compared
to 5.3 per cent in the corresponding period of the previous year, it added.
106. Who has been appointed the director-general of the Indian Space Association (IsPA)?
[A] Anil Bhatt
[B] Amit Shah
[C] Ajit Doval
[D] Rajnath Singh
Answer: Anil Bhatt
The Prime Minister recently launched the Indian Space Association (IsPA)). It is an industry association
of space and satellite companies. The Founding members include Larson & Toubro, Nelco (Tata Group),
OneWeb, Bharti Airtel, Mapmyindia, Walchandnagar Industries and Ananth Technology Limited. Other
core members include Godrej, Hughes India, among others. Lt Gen Anil Bhatt (Retd) has been appointed
the director-general of the association.
107. What is the rank of India, in the Henley Passport Index 202
[A] 90
[B] 82
[C] 70
[D] 65
Answer: 90
India’s rank has slipped by six places from last year to 90 on the Henley Passport Index, which lists the
world’s most travel-friendly passports. The index ranks the passports of countries according to the
number of destinations their holders can visit without a prior visa. The rankings are based on the
analysis of data provided by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Japan and Singapore
hold the first rank on the passport index, while the second position is shared by South Korea and
Germany.
108. Which country hosted the G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit, that has been organized to
discuss the situation in Afghanistan?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] India
[D] Italy
Answer: Italy
Under the Italy’s G20 Presidency, an Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit has been convened, to discuss the
situation in Afghanistan. The meeting would be held in a virtual format. India has been invited by Italy, to
take part in the meeting for discussing the humanitarian needs in Afghan and to review the livelihood
requirement in the country.
109. Which public sector unit has recently been accorded “Maharatna” status?
[A] Power Finance Corporation
[B] Airports Authority of India.
[C] Bharat Dynamics Limited.
[D] BEML Limited.
Answer: Power Finance Corporation
The Central Government has accorded “Maharatna” status to Power Finance Corporation (PFC). PFC is
the 11th state-owned entity to get the status, joining the elite group of ONGC, Indian Oil Corporation,
SAIL among others. “Maharatna” status is granted to a company which has recorded more than ₹ 5,000
crore of net profit for three consecutive years, an average annual turnover of ₹ 25,000 crore for three
years or should have an average annual net worth of ₹ 15,000 crore for three years.
110. Union Home Ministry began tripartite talks with Gorkha representatives and which state
government?
[A] Odisha
[B] West Bengal

[C] Assam
[D] Jharkhand
Answer: West Bengal
The Union Home Ministry began tripartite talks with Gorkha representatives from the Darjeeling Hills,
Terrai and Dooars region and the Government of West Bengal. The talks were held with the objective of
resolving the demand of statehood in the North Bengal region. The talks were chaired by Home Minister
Amit Shah. The second round of talks with the officials of the Government of West Bengal is scheduled
in November 2021.
111. Which animal species is also called as ‘Dhole’?
[A] Asiatic Wild Dog
[B] Hyena
[C] Aardwolf
[D] African Elephant
Answer: Asiatic Wild Dog
The ‘Dhole’ (Cuon alpinus) is an animal native to Central, South, East, and Southeast Asia. Other names
for the species include Asiatic wild dog, Indian wild dog, whistling dog, red dog, and mountain wolf. It is
a Schedule II species under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. A recent study has identified 114 priority
tehsils where habitats can be consolidated to enhance population connectivity for the dhole or Asiatic
Wild Dog. The animals are found in three clusters across India namely the Western and Eastern Ghats,
central Indian landscape and North East India.
112. ASKAP radio telescope, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which country?
[A] South Korea
[B] Australia
[C] Japan
[D] USA
Answer: Australia
Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, known as ASKAP, is a radio telescope situated at the
Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Australia. It is run by Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Government agency. Recently, using this telescope,
Astronomers have discovered unusual signals coming from the direction of the Milky Way’s center. This
new signal had very high polarisation and varying brightness. It was named as ‘ASKAP
J173608.2-321635’.
113. Subject Expert Committee on Covid-19 granted emergency use approval to which vaccine for
children (2-18 years)?
[A] Covishield
[B] Covaxin
[C] Sputnik
[D] Pfizer
Answer: Covaxin
Subject Expert Committee on Covid-19 granted emergency use approval to Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for
children in the 2-18 years age group. Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech had completed Phase-2 and
Phase-3 trials of Covaxin on children below 18 years of age and submitted the trial data to the Drugs and
Comptroller General of India (DCGI). The first group examined was between 12 -18 years, the second
group was between 6- 12 years and the third age group was between 2-6 years.
114. Which country celebrates ‘Indigenous Peoples' Day’, in the month of October?

[A] China
[B] USA
[C] Greece
[D] Israel
Answer: USA
The USA celebrates ‘Indigenous Peoples' Day’ as a holiday that celebrates and honours Native American
peoples and commemorates their histories and cultures. It started in 1977 as a day of respect at a
discrimination conference. It has now become a national holiday honored by President Joe Biden. This
day falls on the same day Columbus Day, first recognized as a national holiday in 1934 by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
115. Who has been appointed as the advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
[A] Amit Khare
[B] Ramesh Pokhriyal
[C] Preeti Sudan
[D] Gagandeep Singh Bedi
Answer: Amit Khare
Former bureaucrat Amit Khare, who retired recently as higher education secretary, has been appointed
as advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He has been appointed for two years on contract basis, as
per a personnel ministry order issued. Mr Khare is a 1985 batch (retired) IAS officer of Jharkhand cadre.
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the appointment in the rank and scale of
secretary to government of India.
116. What is India’s growth forecast for 2021-22, as per IMF’s recent World Economic Outlook
report?
[A] 7.5 %
[B] 9.5 %
[C] 10.0 %
[D] 12.0 %
Answer: 9.5 %
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has kept India’s growth forecast for 2021-22 unchanged at 9.5%,
in its latest World Economic Outlook report.It also projected India’s economy to grow 8.5% in FY23. In
July, IMF had slashed India’s growth forecast for FY22 to 9.5% from earlier projection of 12.5%. It has
lowered the global growth projection marginally to 5.9% from 6% earlier. Supply disruptions in advanced
economies and worsening pandemic impact in developing countries are the reasons.
117. Who has won the CK Prahalad Award for Global Business Sustainability Leadership recently?
[A] Sundar Pichai
[B] Satya Nadella
[C] Elon Musk
[D] Jeff Bezos
Answer: Satya Nadella
Indian American Satya Nadella, the Microsoft CEO, is among the corporate leaders to receive this year's
prestigious C K Prahlad award for Global Business Sustainability Leadership. Created in 2010, the
prestigious award recognises exceptional private-sector action that promotes sustainability, innovation
and long-term business success. Four of Microsoft's top leaders including Nadella received the honour
for their collaborative leadership. Microsoft aims to transform into a carbon negative company by 2030
and to remove all its historical emissions by 2050.

118. What is the Consumer price inflation in India in September, as per the data released by NSO?
[A] 4.35 %
[B] 4.8 %
[C] 5.4 %
[D] 6.2 %
Answer: 4.35 %
As per the data released by the National Statistical Office (NSO), India’s consumer price inflation fell
sharply to 4.35% in September from 5.3% in August. This five-month low inflation is due to a favourable
comparison with last year and moderating food prices, which offset a rise in the cost of crude oil and
fuel. This also marks the third consecutive month within the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) tolerance
band of 2%-6%.
119. Which bank/institution conducted a study titled “Prospects for Enhancing India Japan Trade
Relations”?
[A] State Bank of India
[B] Reserve Bank of India
[C] Exim Bank
[D] NABARD
Answer: Exim Bank
India Exim Bank conducted a study titled “Prospects for Enhancing India Japan Trade Relations”. It has
highlighted that over the past decade, India’s total trade with Japan has increased from $10 billion to
almost $18 billion, with exports valued at US$ 5 billion and imports $ 13 billion in 2019. It also noted that
despite having a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with Japan, India is
undergoing a persistent trade deficit with Japan, which has doubled during the decade, to almost US$ 8
billion in 2019.
120. ‘Christopher Columbus monument’, which is confirmed to be replaced by an indigenous
woman’s statue, is located in which city?
[A] Mexico
[B] Rome
[C] Washington D.C
[D] New York
Answer: Mexico
Mexico City's governor has confirmed that the capital's Christopher Columbus monument would be
replaced by a statue of an indigenous woman. The statue was removed last year after indigenous rights
activists threatened to tear the statue down. It is set to be replaced by a replica of a pre-Columbian
statue known as the Young Woman of Amajac.
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Contents
......................... ....... _ _ ......... ......... .....................................................
News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 16, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 17, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 18, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
October 19, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
October 21, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 22, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 23, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
October 25, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
October 25, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
October 26, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
October 27, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
October 28, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 29, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 30, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
October 31, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
October 16, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerna Sthal ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
7 New Defence Companies dedicated to the Nation ................................................................................................................... 12
India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 2.039 billion ........................................................................................... 13
8th ministerial meeting of India-US Economic & Financial Partnership Dialogue ................................................................. 13
October 15: Global Handwashing Day ............................................................................................................................................ 14
October 15: International Day of Rural Women ............................................................................................................................ 14
October 14: World Sight Day ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
China launches Astronaut crew on 6-month mission .................................................................................................................. 15
What are Green Crackers? ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
IMF Annual Report on India .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
October 18, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
World Food Day celebrated on October 16 ................................................................................................................................... 17
Gujarat to give Rs 5,000 Tribals Pilgrimage in Ayodhya ........................................................................................................... 18
Indian Army wins gold medal at Cambrian Patrol Exercise ....................................................................................................... 18
Italy unveils G20 Innovation League ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Indian Project wins Eco Oscars ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Nasa launches Lucy Spacecraft ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
PMFBY: Working Group set up ....................................................................................................................................................... 20
Report: China tested Nuclear Capable Hypersonic Missile .......................................................................................................... 21
Punjab: Mera Ghar Mere Naam scheme launched ....................................................................................................................... 22
October 17: International Day for the Eradication of Poverty ................................................................................................... 22
October 19, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Delhi's Rojgar Bazaar 2.0 ................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Amit Rastogi: CMD of National Research Development Corporation .................................................................................... 23
Kerala to market Kudumbashree products on online platform ................................................................................................. 24
India-Israel to resume negotiations on FTA .................................................................................................................................. 24
Govt and NABARD's NTPL sign Trust deed to promote FPOs ............................................................................................... 25
NITI Aayog launches Geospatial Energy Map of India ............................................................................................................... 25
India, US, UAE, and Israel form a new QUAD ............................................................................................................................. 26
UIDAI to host ‘Aadhaar Hackathon 2021’ ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Gen-Next Democratic Network' initiative- Key Facts ................................................................................................................. 27
Alibaba launches new server chip based on advanced 5-nanometer tech .............................................................................. 28
PM to attend Abhidhamma Day programme at U.P ................................................................................................................... 28
BC commission begins Enumeration Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 29
October 20, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Current Affairs- Today’s Headlines: October 20, 2021 .............................................................................................................. 29
Report: Africa’s glaciers to disappear soon .................................................................................................................................... 30
India-Taliban to meet at Moscow-format meeting ....................................................................................................................... 31

Report: India at top in Emissions related to Crop Burning ......................................................................................................... 31

Russia to help India tackle coal shortage ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Gita Gopinath to leave IMF ............................................................................................................................................................... 32
Ecuador: Emergency declared over crime wave ............................................................................................................................ 33
M.P: Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke Dwar Yojana .......................................................................................................................... 33
Air Quality Early Warning System (AQEWS) enhanced ............................................................................................................. 34
Kung Fu Nuns won UNESCO Martial Arts Education Prize 2021 ........................................................................................... 34
NPCI launches NTS platform for Card Tokenisation ................................................................................................................. 35
Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation to be dissolved ......................................................................................... 35
Joint Conference of CVC-CBI ........................................................................................................................................................... 36
Kashmir: 250mm Seer Water Supply Scheme inaugurated ....................................................................................................... 36
October 21, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Microsoft AI Innovate Program ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
October 21: Police Commemoration Day ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Sri Lanka receives first consignment of Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertilizer from India .......................................................... 38
UNEP report: Fossil fuel plans evade Paris limits .......................................................................................................................... 39
Japan: Mount Aso volcano erupts at Kyushu Island ..................................................................................................................... 39
India's stand in UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference ................................................................................................. 40
TRUTH Social: Donald Trump's New Social Media Platform ................................................................................................. 40
Konkan Shakti Exercise - Key Facts ................................................................................................................................................. 41
RBI fines Paytm Payments Bank and Western Union ................................................................................................................... 41
India set to touch 100 crore Covid vaccination mark ................................................................................................................. 42
Parambikulam Tiger Conservation Foundation wins Earth Guardian Award ....................................................................... 42
October 22, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Global Food Security Index 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
UN sets up Special Trust fund for Afghanistan ............................................................................................................................ 43
Barbados elects first ever President ................................................................................................................................................. 44
Intel Unnati Data-Centric Labs ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
HDFC Bank, Mastercard, USAID commit $100-mn credit facility .......................................................................................... 45
FATF adds Turkey to Grey List; Pak retained .............................................................................................................................. 46
UPSC launches helpline for job aspirants ....................................................................................................................................... 46
MoRD: 152 SAKSHAM Centres launched under DAY-NRLM ................................................................................................ 47
NITI Aayog AIM's digi-book- Innovations for You .................................................................................................................... 47
Nuri: South Korea's First Homegrown Space Rocket ................................................................................................................. 48
US List of ‘Countries of concern’ on climate ................................................................................................................................ 49
US successfully tests Hypersonic Missile Technology ................................................................................................................. 49
October 23, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award ..................................................................................................................................... 50
Global Threat Assessment report 2021 .......................................................................................................................................... 50
Fourth general assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) .................................................................................................. 51
ABHYAS: DRDO tests High-Speed Expendable Aerial Target .................................................................................................. 51
China's New Education law ............................................................................................................................................................... 52
RBI proposes minimum 11.5% capital for four AIFIs ................................................................................................................... 52
India-UK talks on Infra, Defence ...................................................................................................................................................... 53
Indian Navy to conduct Offshore Sailing Regatta ......................................................................................................................... 53
India hands over Jaynagar-Kurtha rail link to Nepal .................................................................................................................... 54
October 23: Karnataka celebrates Kittur Rani Chennamma Jayanthi ...................................................................................... 54
Saudi Green Initiative Forum ............................................................................................................................................................. 55
COP26: Bangladesh to share ‘Climate prosperity plan’ ............................................................................................................... 55
Power ministry: New Rules notified to ensure Sustainability ..................................................................................................... 56
October 25, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Goa achieves ODF and Electricity for every household .............................................................................................................. 56
India's first Banni buffalo IVF calf born .......................................................................................................................................... 57
Study: Life expectancy in India drops by 2 years due to Covid ................................................................................................. 58
Haryana announces Free Education Scheme ................................................................................................................................. 58
October 24: United Nations Day ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
‘PM Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana’- Key Facts ................................................................................................................ 59
SEBI declares state-owned PEC as ‘not fit & proper’ .................................................................................................................. 60

Standing Committee on IT to examine media ethics .................................................................................................................. 60

IAC Vikrant begins Second Phase of Sea Trials ............................................................................................................................ 61
First Zika virus case reported in U.P ................................................................................................................................................ 61
RBI caps NBFC IPO Funding ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
Australia: In-principal support for net zero by 2050 ................................................................................................................... 62
Indian Telegraph Right of Way (Amendment) Rules, 2021 ....................................................................................................... 63
October 26, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 64
China adopts New Border Law ........................................................................................................................................................ 64
UN warns of Afghan Food Crisis .................................................................................................................................................... 64
Saudi Arabia launches National Infrastructure Fund ................................................................................................................... 65
Govt to set up panel for National Employment Policy ................................................................................................................ 65
UN on Iran's Death Penalty ............................................................................................................................................................... 66
National Steering Committee for implementation of the NIPUN Bharat Mission ................................................................ 66
PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission ................................................................................................................. 67
67th National Film Awards presented ............................................................................................................................................ 68
India-Sweden celebrate Innovation Day ......................................................................................................................................... 68
UDAN 4.1: First direct flight on Shillong-Dibrugarh route ....................................................................................................... 69
Chhattisgarh: National Tribal Dance Festival to be held ............................................................................................................ 69
October 27, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 70
PM Modi to attend G-20 Leaders’ Summit-2021 ........................................................................................................................ 70
Culture Ministry launches podcast on Freedom movement ...................................................................................................... 70
Vigilance Awareness Week 2021 ....................................................................................................................................................... 71
PM Modi to attend 16th East Asia Summit virtually .................................................................................................................... 72
India-Kyrgyzstan hold First Strategic Dialogue ............................................................................................................................ 72
'Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa' Initiative ............................................................................................................................................ 73
WHO seeks clarifications from Bharat Biotech on Covaxin ....................................................................................................... 73
Indian-origin Leader becomes Canada's new Defence Minister ............................................................................................... 74
India-ADB sign PRF loan to support Urban Mobility in Mizoram ........................................................................................... 74
India Post Payments Bank and HDFC joined hands to offer home loans ............................................................................... 75
October 27: World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2021 ............................................................................................................. 75
October 28, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 76
Proba-1 completes 20 years .............................................................................................................................................................. 76
Four Year Integrated Teacher Education Programme notified ................................................................................................. 77
SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme, 2021 ......................................................................................................... 77
US issues passport with 'X' gender marker ................................................................................................................................... 78
The Changing Wealth of Nations 2021 report ............................................................................................................................. 78
Civil Aviation Minister launches Krishi UDAN 2.0 ...................................................................................................................... 78
National Cybersecurity Strategy in final stages ............................................................................................................................. 79
QCI sets up expert team to execute proposed ONDC ................................................................................................................ 80
India applies for vaccine loans from ADB & AIIB ........................................................................................................................ 80
‘Knock every door’ campaign for Second-dose Vaccination ...................................................................................................... 81
Ballistic missile Agni-V successfully test-fired ................................................................................................................................ 81
G-20 joint Finance, Health ministers meet in Rome .................................................................................................................... 82
MeitY organised “AI Pe Charcha” (AI Dialogue) ......................................................................................................................... 82
October 29, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
PM Economic Advisory Council reconstituted .............................................................................................................................. 83
PM proposes India-ASEAN start-up festival .................................................................................................................................. 84
MEITY: Deep Dive Online Training Programme ......................................................................................................................... 84
State of the climate in Asia 2020 Report ....................................................................................................................................... 85
WMO releases GHG bulletin ............................................................................................................................................................. 85
Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Sarthak’ inaugurated ........................................................................................................................... 86
I&B Minister of Bangladesh inaugurates Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra ............................................................................... 86
India’s CEC visits Uzbekistan as International Observer for Presidential Elections ............................................................... 87
Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021 ..................................................................................................................... 88
6th edition of National Formulary of India (NFI) ........................................................................................................................ 88
PAC Study: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana emerged toppers in Governance Performance ............................................ 89
CII Asia Health 2021 summit ............................................................................................................................................................ 89
October 30, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 90

BRICS Joint Statistical Publication- Highlights .............................................................................................................................. 90

Gati Shakti Express inaugurated ........................................................................................................................................................ 91
Chennai-Mysore-Chennai Shatabdi Express: First IMS certified train ...................................................................................... 91
RBI: All micro loans must be collateral-free .................................................................................................................................. 92
Facebook rebrands as 'Meta' ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
Indian Navy’s stealth frigate Tushil launched in Russia ............................................................................................................... 93
Andhra Pradesh: Cabinet gives nod for caste-based census ...................................................................................................... 93
DRDO and Indian air force flight test long range bomb ........................................................................................................... 94
MGNREGS Out of Funds in 21 states ............................................................................................................................................. 95
NCRB Report on Suicides .................................................................................................................................................................. 95
Centre of Excellence for Fintech to be set up ............................................................................................................................... 96
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 97
Note: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 126

News Headlines
October 16, 2021
INDIA
– Home Minister Amit Shah visits National Memorial Cellular Jail in Port Blair in Andaman &
Nicobar Islands
– PM performs Bhoomi Poojan ceremony of Hostel Phase-1 built by Saurashtra Patel Seva Samaj in
Surat, Gujarat
– ‘Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerana Sthal’ inaugurated at Naval Science & Technological Laboratory of
DRDO at Visakhapatnam
– Yogendra Mohan Gupta, Chairman of the Jagran Group, dies at 83
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– 7 new defence companies, carved out of Ordnance Factory Board, dedicated to the nation
– India’s foreign exchange reserves rose by USD 2.039 billion to USD 639.516 billion in the week
ended Oct 8
– Centre removes export curbs on all diagnostic kits, reagents used in detection of coronavirus
infections
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman attends Plenary Meeting of the International Monetary and
Financial Committee (IMFC) of the IMF in Washington
– 8th ministerial meeting of India-U.S.A. Economic & Financial Partnership Dialogue held in
Washington D.C.
WORLD
– Global Handwashing Day observed on Oct 15; theme: “Our Future is at Hand – Let’s Move Forward
Together”
– International Day of Rural Women observed on Oct 15; theme: “Rural women cultivating good food
for all”
– World Sight Day observed on Oct 14; theme: ‘Love your eyes’
October 17, 2021
INDIA
– Anthem on India’s Covid 19 vaccination launched; sung by singer Kailash Kher
– Union Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Cooperation Amit Shah inaugurates, lays
foundation stones of various development projects from Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island in
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
– Indian Army team wins gold medal at Cambrian Patrol Exercise at Brecon, Wales, UK
– 8th Edition of joint military exercise MITRA SHAKTI between the Indian Army and the Sri Lankan
Army culminates in Ampara, Sri Lanka
– Gujarat govt. to give Rs 5,000 aid to tribals for taking Ram Janmabhoomi pilgrimage in Ayodhya
– Karnataka: CM Basavaraj Bommai launches ‘District Administration’s March Towards Villages’
programme to address people’s woes and complaints in rural areas
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– World Bank president David Malpass congratulates India for Covid-19 vaccination campaign
– IMF commends Indian authorities’ “swift and substantial” response to Covid-19
WORLD
– World Food Day celebrated on Oct 16; theme: “Our actions are our future- Better production,
better nutrition, a better environment and a better life”
– Italy unveils G20 Innovation League to promote startups for sustainable future
– ASEAN excludes Myanmar junta leader from summit
– UN Security Council votes unanimously to extend UN political mission in Haiti

– Norway: Leader of Labor Party Jonas Gahr Store becomes new PM

– NASA launches Lucy spacecraft, the first space mission to study Trojans Asteroids
– China’s Shenzhou-13 spacecraft with 3 astronauts docks for 6-month mission
SPORTS
– Chennai Super Kings win 4th Indian Premier League title after beating Kolkata Knight Riders by
27 runs in final in Dubai
Chennai Super Kings on October 15, 2021 clinched their fourth Indian Premier League title after
beating Kolkata Knight Riders by 27 runs in the summit clash in Dubai. The in-form Faf du Plessis hit
a magnificent 86 off 59 balls, laced with seven fours and three sixes, to help CSK post 192 for 3 after
they were invited to bat. Chasing an imposing target of 193, KKR could manage 165 for 9 in their 20
overs with Shubman Gill and Venkatesh Iyer hitting 51 and 50 respectively.
October 18, 2021
INDIA
– Punjab CM Charanjit Channi launches ‘Mera Ghar Mere Naam’ scheme to confer proprietary rights
on the people living in the houses within the ‘Lal Lakir’ of villages and the cities
– Centre renames Andaman’s ‘Mount Harriet’ as ‘Mount Manipur’
– Kerala: 27 die from floods, landslides; Kottayam and Idukki districts worst hit
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Over 4 crore unorganized workers registered on e-Shram Portal: Union Minister for Labour and
Employment Bhupender Yadav
WORLD
– Russian crew returns to Earth after filming first movie in space titled “The Challenge”
– International Day for the Eradication of Poverty observed on Oct 17
– World Trauma Day observed on October 17
– No fear of inflation ‘runaway train’: IMF MD Kristalina Georgieva
SPORTS
– China win Uber Cup (women’s team) badminton tournament in Aarhus, Denmark; Indonesia win
Thomas Cup (men’s team)
– Kenya’s Elisha Rotich (men’s) and Tigist Memuye (women’s) of Ethiopia win Paris Marathon
– India beats Nepal 3-0 in final to win SAFF football Championship in Male
October 19, 2021
INDIA
– Second edition of Naval Commanders’ Conference of 2021 commences in New Delhi
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launches an ‘Integrated Unmanned Road Map for Indian Navy’
– Health Ministry’s eSanjeevani records 14 million consultations
– NITI Aayog launches Geospatial Energy Map of India
– Israel: External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar unveils “Bhoodan Grove” plaque at the Jerusalem
Forest
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia flags off 6 routes expanding the aerial connectivity of
North-East India
– UIDAI to host “Aadhaar Hackathon 2021” from Oct 28 to 31
– Delhi, Tamil Nadu lead India’s transition to electric cooking with 17% adoption: CEEW (Council on
Energy, Environment and Water) study
– Tata Motors launches SUV ‘Punch’ with price starting at Rs 5.49 lakh
– RBI imposes Rs 1 cr penalty on State Bank of India for deficiencies in regulatory compliance
– RBI penalises Standard Chartered Rs 1.95 cr for gaps in customer protection

WORLD
– Indian agri waste recycling project ‘Takachar’, started by Vidyut Mohan, wins Prince William’s
Earthshot Prize
– Russia suspends its mission to NATO, says foreign minister Sergey Lavrov
– Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) nations begin drills near Afghan border
– French ambassador ordered out of Belarus
– First African-American U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell dies at 84
SPORTS
– India’s R. Praggnanandhaa (15) wins Julius Baer Challengers Chess Tour
– Sri Lanka’s first-ever Test cricket captain Bandula Warnapura dies at 68 in Colombo
October 21, 2021
INDIA
– PM inaugurates Kushinagar International Airport in UP
– PM lays foundation stone of Rajkiya Medical College, Kushinagar (UP)
– Conference on ‘Tourism in Buddhist Circuits – A way forward’ being held in Kushinagar (UP) on
Oct 20-21
– Namal Rajapaksa presents trilingual copy of Bhagvad Gita to PM Modi in Kushinagar (UP)
– PM virtually addresses a joint conference of CVC and CBI at Kevadia in Gujarat
– UPSC launches helpline for govt. job aspirants from economically weaker section, backward
classes
– India more vulnerable to heat extremes: Lancet report
– Centre extends PMGKP (Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package) insurance scheme for healthcare
workers for 180 days
– Police Commemoration Day being observed on Oct 21
– Punjab: Huge cache of weapons recovered near India-Pakistan border in Tarn Taran
– WHO chief Adhanom Ghebreyesus discusses Covid vaccination and other issues with Indian Health
Minister Mansukh Mandaviya
– Israel: EAM S. Jaishankar calls on President Isaac Herzog, PM Naftali Bennett in Jerusalem
– India expresses strong opposition to China’s Belt and Road Initiative, CPEC (China Pakistan
Economic Corridor) projects at the UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference in Beijing
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Sri Lanka receives first consignment of non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser from India to
boost paddy, maize cultivation
– India is exporting only non-GMO rice to the world: Government
– Bijnor farmer wins U.P. sugarcane competition with a yield of 2,635 quintal per hectare
– India talks tough at CERAWeek, pushes for lowering of crude oil price
WORLD
– Fossil fuel plans evade Paris limits, says UNEP report
– Jailed Russian Opposition leader wins top EU human rights prize
– Jailed Russian Opposition leader Alexei Navalny wins EU’s Sakharov Prize
– IMF Chief Economist Gita Gopinath to leave job and return to Harvard University
– Facebook fined $70 million in Britain for breaching order in Giphy deal
– Russia hosts conference on Afghanistan in Moscow with participation from Taliban, Pakistan,
China, Iran, India and former Soviet Central Asian states
– Japan: Mount Aso volcano erupts at country’s main island of Kyushu
October 22, 2021
INDIA
– Supreme Court says farmers have right to protest, but can’t block roads
– Archaeological Survey of India illuminates 100 monuments in tri-color to celebrate the landmark
achievement of 100 crore Covid-19 vaccinations
– PM inaugurates the Infosys Foundation Vishram Sadan at National Cancer Institute in Jhajjar
(Haryana) campus of AIIMS New Delhi
– Centenary celebrations of Bihar Legislative Assembly held in Patna
– India among 5 countries with most extreme heat exposure: The Lancet Countdown report
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Union Cabinet approves PM GatiShakti National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity to
develop infrastructure to reduce logistic costs and boost the economy
– Online building permission system in all cities by March next year
– India Internet Governance Forum (IIGF) to be held on November 8-11
– HDFC Bank, Mastercard, others launch $100 mn credit facility for MSMEs
– “Innovations for You” book launched to showcase success stories of AIM startups
– Union Cabinet hikes Dearness Allowance (DA) by 3% for central employees from 28% to 31%
WORLD
– Financial Action Task Force (FATF) retains Pakistan on its grey list and adds Turkey to the list
– UN sets up special trust fund for ‘people’s economy’ in Afghanistan
– US FDA clears Moderna, J&J booster shots; backs Covid-19 vaccine mixing
– Barbados elects Dame Sandra Mason as its first ever president ahead of becoming republic
– South Korea launches its first homegrown space rocket called Nuri
– Spain: Cumbre Vieja volcano erupts on island of La Palma
October 23, 2021
INDIA
– 39 women Army officers get Permanent Commission after winning legal battle
– Odisha: DRDO successfully tests high-speed expendable aerial target Abhyas
– Martin Scorsese, Istvan Szabo to receive Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement award at International
Film Festival of India (IFFI) in Goa in November
– UK Navy Chief Admiral Sir Tony Radakin arrives on India visit
– UK Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs Elizabeth Truss arrives
on India visit
– Minister of State Devusinh Chauhan chairs 7th Meeting of BRICS Communications Ministers
– EAM S. Jaishankar meets WTO DG Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala in New Delhi
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Foreign exchange reserves rose by USD 1.492 billion to reach USD 641.008 billion in the week
ended Oct 15
– RBI proposes stricter capital norms for Exim Bank, NABARD, NHB and SIDBI
– October Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting: RBI remains -focused to bring back inflation
to 4%, says Governor
– Defence ministry signs pact with US to procure MK 54 torpedo, expendables worth Rs 423 crore
– Fourth general assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) held virtually between from Oct 18 to
21
– IBDF (Indian Broadcasting & Digital Foundation) re-elects K Madhavan as president
– Google Play cuts subscription fee from 30% to 15% starting Jan 1, 2022
WORLD
– Pakistan, India among 11 countries of concern on climate change: US Office of Director of National
Intelligence (ODNI)
October 25, 2021

INDIA
– Tamil movie “Koozhangal” (“Pebbles”) announced as India’s official entry for 94th Academy
Awards
– Life expectancy in India dropped by two years due to COVID-19, says Mumbai-based International
Institute for Population Studies (IIPS)
– SC flags vacancies in consumer disputes fora
– Union Home Minister Amit Shah visits J&K UT, says statehood will be restored after delimitation
and polls
– CJI Ramana raises concern over judiciary infrastructure at the inauguration of two wings of the
annexe building at the Aurangabad bench of the Bombay High Court
– Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav meets with UK’s Foreign Minister Liz Truss in New
Delhi
– Contours of theatre command being drawn up: Rajnath Singh
– Ties with Dhaka deeper than any other strategic partnership: Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan
Shringla
– I&B Minister Anurag Thakur compliments Goa for achieving ODF & connecting every household
with electricity
– PM interacts with beneficiaries and stakeholders of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Swayampurna Goa’
programme through video conferencing
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– RBI caps NBFC IPO funding at Rs one crore per borrower from FY23
– PM interacts with domestic manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccine in New Delhi
– ICRA MD & CEO N Sivaraman resigns
WORLD
– India hands over 34.9 km long Jaynagar-Kurtha cross-border rail link to Nepal govt
– Minister of State for External Affairs V. Muraleedharan meets Vice President of South Sudan
– 43 countries call on China at UN to respect Uighur rights
– US, EU, Australia, Canada agree to end export credit support for coal power
– Group of Seven nations agree on principles to govern cross-border data use and digital trade
October 25, 2021
INDIA
– Home Minister Amit Shah flags off inaugural Srinagar-Sharjah flight operated by Go First
– Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurates the new campus of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Jammu
– National Inter-Religious Conference organized by Lokmat Media Group in Nagpur
– India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant begins second phase of sea trials
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Union Textiles Minister Piyush Goyal reviews Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme
(ATUFS) to boost Indian textile industry
– Azadi Amrut Chai launched by PSU Andrew Yule and Company Ltd
– Ashok Leyland hands over 500 vehicles to ‘Project Mumkin’ for J&K youth
– A matchbox to cost Rs 2 from December 1, consumers to get more matchsticks up from 36 to 50
per box
WORLD
– Global Media and Information Literacy Week being observed by UN from Oct 24 to 31
– United Nations Day celebrated on Oct 24; marks the anniversary of the entry into force in 1945 of
the UN Charter
– World Development Information Day celebrated on Oct 24
– World Polio Day observed on Oct 24; theme: “Delivering on a Promise”

– Turkey announces to declare ten ambassadors from western countries, ‘persona non grata’ for
their call to release philanthropist Osman Kavala
– Colombia’s most-wanted drug trafficker Otoniel captured near the border with Panama
October 26, 2021
INDIA
– PM launches Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission in his Varanasi (UP) to address gaps
and strengthen the critical healthcare network
– National Steering Committee (NSC) for implementation of the NIPUN Bharat Mission constituted
– Nine medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh inaugurated by PM Modi at Siddharthnagar, Etah, Hardoi,
Pratapgarh, Fatehpur, Deoria, Ghazipur, Mirzapur and Jaunpur districts
– Chhattisgarh: National Tribal Dance Festival to be held in Raipur on Oct 28-30
– Bangladesh’s Chief of Naval Staff Admiral M. Shaheen Iqbal arrives on India visit
– Union Minister for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Dharmendra Pradhan launches phase
II of the Mahatma Gandhi National Fellowship
– PM Modi to attend 18th ASEAN-India Summit virtually on Oct 28
– PM Modi to attend 16th East Asia Summit to be held on Oct 27 virtually
– SC directs panel to specify maximum water level at Mullaperiyar dam
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Textiles Ministry approves Pilot Project on skilling of Design and Commissioning technical
personnel
– Power Minister R. K. Singh launches Green Day Ahead Market (GDAM)
– CAG, Maldives counterpart sign MoU to strengthen professional capacity
WORLD
– Sudan: PM Abdalla Hamdok deposed in military coup
– Uzbekistan: President Shavkat Mirziyoyev secures 2nd term in landslide election victory
– UN observing Disarmament Week from Oct 24 to 30
SPORTS
– FIFA CEO Youri Djorkaeff visits India
– Red Bull driver Max Verstappen wins Formula One U.S. Grand Prix in Austin, Texas
– New IPL teams: CVC Capital wins bid for Ahmedabad, RPSG Group gets Lucknow
October 27, 2021
INDIA
– 2 containers with all healthcare facilities will be established under the PM Ayushman Bharat
Health Infrastructure Mission which could be rushed to any place in case of an emergency: Union
Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya
– Union Minister for Culture and Tourism G. Kishan Reddy launches Amrit Mahotsav Podcast
– Ambassador of four Nations present credentials to the President of India: Luxembourg-Peggy
Frantzen, Slovenia-Mateja Vodeb Ghosh, Israel-Naor Gilon and Egypt-Wael Mohamed Awad Hamed
– Vigilance Awareness Week being observed by Central Vigilance Commission from Oct 26 to Nov 1
– 8th India-Sweden Innovation Day meet on the theme ‘Accelerating India Sweden Green Transition’
held
– India, UK take part in bilateral tri-service exercise ‘Konkan Shakti 2021’ in the Arabian Sea
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Government issues 202 notices to e-commerce players for violating country of origin norm
– NCAER’s business confidence index rises 90% in Q2
– India’s first ‘Skill Impact Bond’ launched by NSDC in collaboration with global partners, fund to
benefit 50,000 youth
– MoRTH proposes 40 kmph speed limit for motorcycles with child pillion passenger
– India, ADB sign project readiness financing loan to support urban mobility in Mizoram
– India Post Payments Bank teams up with HDFC for offering home loans
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman participates in 6th Annual Meeting of Board of Governors of
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
– First direct flight on the Shillong – Dibrugarh route flagged off
WORLD
– South Korea: Former president Roh Tae-woo dies at 88 in Seoul
– BIMSTEC to adopt connectivity master plan worth USD 124 billion: Secretary General Tenzin
Lekphell
– Myanmar skips ASEAN summit to protest general’s exclusion
October 28, 2021
INDIA
– SC constitutes an expert committee overseen by former SC judge Justice R.V. Raveendran to probe
Pegasus allegations
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh delivers keynote address at Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2021
– PM Modi participates in 16th East Asia Summit hosted by Brunei through video conference
– Immunologist Rajesh Gokhale (54) appointed as Secretary, Department of Biotechnology
– Post of CEO for Development of Museums and Cultural Spaces abolished
– Gandhian Salem Nanjudaiah Subba Rao passes away at 92 in Jaipur
– Union Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Cooperation, Amit Shah inaugurates three-day
National Conference on “Delivering Democracy: Two Decades of Prime Minister Narendra Modi as
Head of Government”
– Indian Army celebrates Infantry Day on Oct 27
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre appoints veteran banker Kundapur Vaman Kamath as the Chairperson of the National Bank
for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID), a newly set up DFI
– RBI approves appointment of Baldev Prakash as J&K Bank MD & CEO
– Plan of retail selling of small LPG cylinders through Fair Price Shops is on anvil: Govt
– Union Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia launches Krishi UDAN 2.0 scheme for to
facilitating and incentivizing movement of Agri-produce by air transportation
– Union Minister for MSME Narayan Rane launches “SAMBHAV” National Level Awareness
Programme, 2021
– ADB, India sign $100 million loan for agribusiness development in Maharashtra
– Govt waives charges on cargo flights to boost agro exports from North East
– DGCA to conduct on-demand license exams for pilots, aircraft engineers
WORLD
– Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa appoints 13-member task force for the establishment of
the ‘One Country, One Law’ concept
– African Union suspends Sudan after military coup
– Japan: Campaigning Hiroshima survivor, Sunao Tsubo dies aged 96
– Indian-origin politician Anita Anand appointed new Defence Minister of Canada
– Saudi Arabia comes to cash-strapped Pakistan’s rescue with $3 bn package
– World Day for Audiovisual Heritage celebrated on Oct 27
October 29, 2021
INDIA
– Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) to begin next year, offering dual-major
Bachelor’s degrees: Education Ministry
– PM Modi co-chairs 18th India-ASEAN Summit with Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, the

current Chair of ASEAN

– Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Sarthak’ inaugurated; will be based at Porbandar in Gujarat
– Indo-UK Tri-Service Exercise ‘Konkan Shakti 2021’ held in Arabian Sea from Oct 24 to 27
– India successfully test-fires surface-to-surface ballistic missile Agni-V with 5,000 Km range
– Govt. to launch ‘Har Ghar Dastak’ campaign for door-to-door Covid vaccination in poor performing
districts
– I&B Minister of Bangladesh inaugurates Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra at Kolkata Press Club
– CEC visits Uzbekistan as an International Observer for Presidential Elections
– Firms like Pegasus-maker NSO can’t sell to non-govt actors: Israeli Ambassador to India Naor
Gilon
– Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021 organized by Pune International Centre
– Doyen of cancer treatment in India Krishnan Nair passes away at 81 in Thiruvananthapuram
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Health Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya launches 6th edition of National Formulary of India (NFI)
published by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission
– EAC-PM (Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister) reconstituted under Chairman Bibek
Debroy
– Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana emerge toppers in governance performance: PAC study
– Central Public Works Department (CPWD) awards ₹3,141.99 crore contract for construction of
three buildings of the new Common Central Secretariat to Larsen and Toubro Ltd
– India, ADB sign $251 million loan for integrated urban flood management in Chennai
– CII Asia Health 2021 summit organised on the theme ‘Transforming Healthcare for a better
tomorrow’
– Centre releases balance Rs 44,000 crore to states to meet GST compensation shortfall
WORLD
– EU court tells Poland to pay €1 million a day for not suspending the disciplinary chamber of the
Supreme Court
October 30, 2021
INDIA
– Govt extends nationwide containment measures till November 30 in view of localised spread of the
virus in few states
– DRDO, IAF jointly test indigenously developed Long Range Bomb (LRB) from an aerial platform
– Indian Navy’s frigate named ‘Tushil’ launched at Kaliningrad in Russia
– Indians, OCI need NOC before admission to engineering, technical colleges in Pakistan: AICTE
– Nationwide Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine drive launched by Union Health Minister Dr.
Mansukh Mandaviya
– South, North blocks to turn museums as part of the Central Vista redevelopment plans
– J&K govt. transfers 65.5 acres of land for CRPF personnel and their families stationed in the Valley
– Stricter norms for membership of Child Welfare Committees unveiled by WCD Ministry
– BRICS Joint Statistical Publication, JSP Snapshot released
– PM Modi meets Presidents of European Council (Charles Michel) and European Commission
(Ursula von der Leyen) in Rome
– UNGA committee endorses India’s resolution for granting Observer Status to International Solar
Alliance
– Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya addresses G20 Joint Finance and Health Ministers’ Meeting
– India, Israel to form a task force to strengthen military ties
– Kannada actor Puneeth Rajkumar dies in Bengaluru at 46
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Surat wins award for best public transport from the Housing & Urban Affairs Ministry

– Finance ministry releases revised guidelines ushering in public procurement reforms; permit
alternative methods for selection of contractors, which can improve speed and efficiency in
execution of projects
– India’s first manned ocean mission ‘Samudrayan’ launched; Matsya 6000, the deep-sea vehicle, will
be ready for qualification trials by December 2024
– Govt, tech industry partner to launch FutureSkills Prime platform skilling initiative
– India extends ban on international commercial flights till Nov 30
– Output of eight core sectors increases 4.4% in September
– Defence ministry revises limits of 2-family pensions payable to a child in respect of both parents
WORLD
– Facebook renamed Meta by founder Mark Zuckerberg
– Vulnerable nations doing most to tackle climate crisis: UN Development Programme (UNDP)
– WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus runs unopposed for 2nd five-year term
– U.N. tool to facilitate requests for e-evidence in counter-terror probes
– US announces $144 mn in humanitarian aid for people of Afghanistan
SPORTS
– Tennis player Leander Paes joins Trinamool Congress (TMC) in Goa
– Karnataka wins 74th senior National Aquatic Championships held in Bengaluru
– Former Australian spinner Ashley Mallett dies aged 76; took 132 wickets in 38 tests in
1968¬–1980
October 31, 2021
INDIA
– Tamil Nadu Day to be celebrated on July 18, not Nov 1, says CM M. K. Stalin
– UP: 1 BJP MLA, 6 BSP MLAs join SP
– Himachal Pradesh: India’s oldest voter Shyam Saran Negi (104) casts ballot in Lok Sabha bypoll in
Mandi seat
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Foreign exchange reserves down by USD 908 million to USD 640.1 billion in week ended Oct 22
– RBI eases current account rules for exposures less than five crore rupees
– Centre committed to releasing funds for MGNREGA wage and material payments
WORLD
– 16th G-20 Summit being held in Rome, Italy on Oct 30-31
– UNSC adopts resolution on protection of education in armed conflict
– PM Modi meets his Italian counterpart Mario Draghi on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Rome
– PM Modi meets Pope Francis at Vatican City
– 17th edition of India-US joint exercise, Ex Yudh Abhyas 2021, concludes in Alaska
– Saudi Arabia orders Lebanese ambassador to leave kingdom after Lebanese Information Minister
described the war in Yemen as aggression by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
– China tightens control over company data with transfer rules
SPORTS
– G. Sathiyan & Harmeet Desai win men’s doubles title at World Table Tennis Contender Tunis
– Australian all-rounder Alan Davidson dies aged 92; took 186 wickets and scored 1328 runs in 44
Tests
October 16, 2021
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerna Sthal
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerna Sthal was inaugurated on October 15, 2021 at Naval Science & Technological
Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam.

Highlights
Prerna Sthal was inaugurated to commemorate 90th birth anniversary of Bharat Ratna Dr APJ Abdul
Kalam as well as to commemorate ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’.
On the occasion, a statue of Dr Kalam was also unveiled by director general (Naval Systems &
Materials) of DRDO, Dr Samir V Kamat.
NSTL products like Varunastra, Torpedo Advanced Light (TAL) and Maareech decoy are also being
displayed on the occasion at NSTL.
About NSTL
NSTL is the premier naval research laboratory working under the Defence Research & Development
Organisation (DRDO). It is located in Visakhapatnam. The main function of NSTL is the research &
development of underwater weapons & associated systems. It is organized under the Directorate of Naval
R&D of DRDO. Current director of NSTL is Dr Y. Sreenivas Rao.
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen (APJ) Abdul Kalam
He was an Indian aerospace scientist and also served as 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. He was
born and brought up in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He studied physics and aerospace engineering. He
dedicated his four years as a scientist and science administrator, at the DRDO and Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO). He was involved in the military missile development efforts and civilian space
programme in India. This, he is known as Missile Man of India. He also played significant organisational,
technical, and political role the Pokhran-II nuclear tests by India in 1998.
7 New Defence Companies dedicated to the Nation
On October 15, 2021, seven new defence companies were dedicated to the nation by the Defence Ministry.
Highlights
The seven companies that were carved out of the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), are:
1. Munitions India Limited (MIL),
2. Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVNL),
3. Troop Comforts Limited (TCL),
4. Gliders India Limited (GIL),
5. Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVANI),
6. Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWE India),
7. India Optel Limited (IOL) and Yantra India Limited (YIL).
Business Operations
All these companies started business operations from October 1, 2021. Government decided to convert the
200-year-old OFB government department to seven 100 per cent government-owned corporate entities in
order to enhance efficiency, functional autonomy, and unlock new growth potential & innovation.
Aim of the move
This move is aims to improve India’s self-reliance in defence preparedness. Government done this
restructuring with under stated objectives:
1. To transform Ordnance Factories into productive & profitable assets
2. To improve expertise in product range
3. To increase competitiveness
4. To improve quality
5. To enhance cost-efficiency and
6. To ensure self-reliance in defence preparedness.
What about OFB employees?
OFB employees from Group A, B, and C, belonging to the production units will be transferred to corporate

entities. They will be transferred on deemed deputation for two years. There will be no change in their
service conditions as the government employees.
Ordnance Factory Board (OFB)
OFB is an organisation working under the Department of Defence Production (DDP) of Ministry of Defence
(MoD). There were 41 Indian Ordnance Factories which now have been converted into 7 Defence Public
Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).
India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 2.039 billion
As per RBI data, India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 2.039 billion in the first week of
October 2021.
Highlights
Foreign exchange now stands at USD 639.516 billion.
In the last week of September, reserves had dropped by USD 1.169 billion, accounting for a reserve of
USD 637.477 billion.
It had increased by USD 8.895 billion to a life time high, accounting for USD 642.453 billion during
July end and September first week.
India’s reserve position with the IMF decreased by USD 3 million, accounting for USD 5.225 billion in
the reporting week.
Foreign Currency Assets (FCAs)
During the reporting week. Foreign reserves rose account of an increase in the Foreign Currency Assets
(FCAs). FCA increased by USD 1.55 billion, accounting for USD 577.001 billion the week RBI reported.
What is FCA?
FCA is expressed in dollar terms. It comprises of the effect of appreciation or depreciation of non-US units
such as euro, pound and yen held in the foreign exchange reserves.
Gold reserves
In the reporting week, gold reserves increased by USD 464 million to USD reach at 38.022 billion.
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
SDR with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) increased by USD 28 million, accounting for USD 19.268
billion.
What are foreign exchange reserves?
Assets held on reserve by central bank in foreign currencies are called as foreign exchange reserves. These
reserves are used to influence monetary policy and back liabilities. It includes any foreign money held by a
central bank, for instance, U.S. Federal Reserve Bank.
8th ministerial meeting of India-US Economic & Financial Partnership Dialogue
Eighth ministerial meeting of “India-United States of America (US) Economic and Financial Partnership
Dialogue” was held on October 15, 2021 at Washington D.C.
Highlights
Union Minister of Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman and Secretary of Treasury of the
United States, Dr. Janet Yellen, chaired the meeting.
During the meeting, both sides held discussions on a range of subjects, such as macroeconomic
outlook, financial regulatory & technical collaboration, recovery from COVID-19 pandemic, climate
finance & anti-money laundering, multilateral engagement, and combating the financing of terrorism
(AML/CFT).
They affirmed their commitments for continue collaboration at bilateral as well as multilateral fora in
order to address mutual and global economic issues and strive towards friendly strategies and
solutions.

Conclusion of the meeting

This meeting was concluded with adoption of Joint Statement by both the ministers.
Economic Relations between India and USA
The bilateral trade between India and the USA was at USD 88.75 billion, in 2019-20. USA is among those few
countries with which India is having a trade surplus. In the year 2019-20, India’s trade surplus with the USA
rose to USD 17.42 billion as compared to USD 16.86 billion in 2018-19. India is the sixth largest supplier of
services imports for USA. India’s large market, progress towards development and economic growth make it
an essential market for USA exporters.
Issues in the Trade Relationship
1. Market barriers including tariff and non-tariff barriers as well as multiple practices & regulations are
the biggest concerns in the bilateral relation between both the countries
2. Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) Programme is another issue as under this system, USA
decided to withdraw duty-free benefits to Indian exporters.
3. For India, another issue is USA’s temporary visa policies. It affects Indian nationals working in the
United States.
October 15: Global Handwashing Day
On October 15, Global Handwashing Day was observed across the world in order to raise awareness and
develop better understanding on the importance of hand hygiene in keeping people safe and healthy.
Theme of the day
Theme of the ‘Global handwashing Day’ in year 2021 is “Our Future is at Hand – Let’s Move Forward
Together.”
The Global handwashing Day has become more significant in the backdrop of Covid-19 outbreak. Amid the
pandemic, personal hygiene has become critical to overall health of the person. Making personal hygiene a
part of daily routine has saved several lives and has prevented viral infections & flu.
Significance of washing hands
Washing hands is significance because,
1. According to Wateraid, around 443 million school days are lost across the world due to water-related
illnesses and lack of hand hygiene, every year.
2. As per National Health Mission, around one lakh children in India die yearly because of diarrhoea,
which is preventable. As per UNICEF, diarrhoea can be reduced by 40% simply by washing hands.
3. Washing hands decrease the number of people having gastrointestinal problems by 29-57%.
4. It can drop the number of people with weakened immune systems by 58%.
5. It helps in cutting down respiratory illnesses and infections by 16-21%.
How long one can wash hands?
One should wash their hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Who established the day?
The Global Handwashing Day was established by the “Global Handwashing Partnership (GHP)” in the year
2008. GHP was formerly called as “Public Private Partnership for Handwashing (PPPHW)”.
October 15: International Day of Rural Women
The International Day for Rural Women is observed on October 15, every year.
Theme of the day
International Day for Rural Women 2021 is observed under the theme “Rural women cultivating good food
for all”.

Key Points
This day focuses on gender equality and helps in empowering women in rural areas.
It also recognises the contribution and critical role played by rural women, including the indigenous
women, in enhancing the agricultural & rural development, eradicating rural poverty and improving
food security.
United Nations Report on Women workforce
As per United Nations report, 40% of the total agricultural labour force across the developing
countries are women. In South American countries, 20% of the labour force is women while in Asia
and Africa, about 50% of agricultural labour force is women.
Report also states that, if these women are provided with equal opportunities can boost the
agricultural production by 2.5 to 4 percent.
Equal opportunities can also reduce the number of people having malnourishment to 17 percent, from
12 percent.
What are the concerns?
Even after comprising of almost half the workforce, these women do not enjoy equal rights and share as the
male counterparts enjoy. Women face discrimination in access to resources, participation in decision
making, equal pay, credit & market for their farms and land & livestock ownership.
Background of the day
The International day for Rural Women was established by United Nations General Assembly on December
18, 2007, thorough its resolution 62/136.
October 14: World Sight Day
World Sight Day is observed on the second Thursday in months of October. In the year 2021, the day was
observed on October 14.
Highlights
This day is a global event which seeks to draw attention on blindness and vision impairment.
It was originally started in the year 2000 by the Sight First Campaign of Lions Club International
Foundation.
It is considered as most important advocacy and communication day in the eye health calendar.
It is observed with the aim of bringing global attention to impairment and blindness.
Theme of the day
The theme of World Sight Day 2021 is ‘Love Your Eyes’.
Background of the day
The first World Sight Day was observed by the Lions Clubs International partnered with blindness
presentation organizations in the year 1998. The event was later integrated into VISION 2020, which is a
global initiative, coordinated by IAPB (International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness) Observance of
the day is a joint program between WHO and the IAPB. It comprises of professional association, non-
government organizations and eye-care institutions & corporations.
This day is significant because, there are more than billion people across the globe who cannot see
properly as they do not have access to glasses. Out of them, one billion people are suffering with
preventable vision impairment.
Poor or lost eyesight leave long-lasting effects on every aspect of life, such as on daily personal
activities, school & work, daily routine and interacting with the community.
China launches Astronaut crew on 6-month mission
China launched a three-person crew for a mission of six-month on board the Shenzhou-13 spaceship to its

space station on October 16, 2021.

Key Points
The crew is planned to set up new record for the time spent in space by Chinese astronauts as China
moves for completing the orbiting structure.
Shenzhou-13 spaceship is carrying three astronauts.
It was launched by a Long March-2F rocket.
The spacecraft is expected to complete docking with “Tianhe module” within six hours.
The mission will continue the work of first three-person crew that already spent 90 days on board.
First three-person crew conducted two spacewalks and deployed 10-metre (33-foot) mechanical arm
before they returned to Earth in mid-September, 2021.
About new three-member crew
New three-member crew comprise of two veterans of space travel namely, pilot Zhai Zhigang aged 55, the
only woman on mission- Wang Yaping aged 41 and Ye Guangfu aged 41, who is making his first trip to
space.
Activities of crew
The scheduled activities of the crew include:
1. Up to three spacewalks in order to install equipment for expanding station
2. To assessing living conditions in the module and
3. To conduct experiments in space medicine & other fields.
Military Run Space Programme
The military-run space programme of China plans to send multiple crews on the station in next two years in
order to make it fully functional. Shenzhou-13 is the fifth mission to the structure, including the missions
without crews to deliver supplies. After addition of two more modules named Mengtian and Wentian,
Chinese space station will weigh around 66 tonnes.
Future modules
China is due to launch two additional modules before the end of 2020 during the stay of the Shenzhou-14
crew.
What are Green Crackers?
Amid the Covid-19 pandemic related situation and concerns regarding increasing pollution due to
firecrackers during festive season, many states have imposed certain rules on fireworks in the year 2021.
Highlights
States have imposed either a complete or partial ban on firecracker sales.
In these states, government has permitted the sale of ‘green crackers’ instead.
What are green crackers?
‘Green crackers’ are low-emission fireworks that Supreme Court in 2017 had permitted for celebrations to a
moderate level during festivals & relaxed the ‘complete ban’ on fireworks. Green crackers were researched
and developed by CSIR-NEERI (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research – National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute). These crackers are produced with less harmful raw materials and are they
suppresses the dust when they are burnt, reducing the emissions.
Do they contain harmful chemicals?
Green Crackers do not comprise of harmful chemicals like arsenic, lithium, barium, and lead. They release
water vapour which does not allow the dust to rise. These crackers are believed to cause 30 per cent less
particulate matter pollution as compared to traditional crackers.
Scenario in different states
Rajasthan government banned the sale and use of crackers in the state. Only green crackers would be

allowed and there will be restricted timing for bursting crackers during festive season.
Delhi Pollution Control Committee has completely banned the sale and bursting of firecrackers in
Delhi till January 1, 2022.
Tamil Nadu urged the governments in Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Odisha to seriously consider the
sale of green crackers in their territories.
IMF Annual Report on India
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) published its annual report on October 15, 2021. In its report, it
states that, India’s economy is gradually recovering after it was hit hard by two Covid-19 waves.
Key Findings
IMF however cautioned the authorities against inflationary pressures.
IMF also recommended a slow reduction in monetary policy support in the light that recovery is
gaining ground.
According to IMF, impact of Covid-19 on investment and human capital might prolong the recovery. It
will also impact the medium-term growth.
Recovery could be faster than expected considering the pace of vaccination and economic reforms.
Thus, the economic outlook remains clouded due to pandemic-related uncertainties which is
contributing towards downside and upside risks.
Though India benefits from favourable demographics, disruption in access to education & training
because of covid-19 pandemic could impact the improvements in human capital.
Projected Growth
IMF projected India’s economic growth to 9.5 per cent for the financial year 2021-2022.
It also projected the headline consumer price-based inflation at 5.6 percent.
Though the inflationary pressures have been elevated, but rate of price rise eased to 5.6 per cent in
July 2021. It was within the target of Reserve Bank of India. It was driven by soft food prices and
base effects.
Headline inflation rate decreased to 5.3 per cent in August and 4.3 per cent in September.
IMF report on Fiscal Deficit
As per IMF, contraction in economic activity, lower revenue, and covid-19 related support measures led to a
widening of fiscal deficit of Centre to 8.6 per cent of gross domestic product in the financial year 2020-21.
The general deficit of Centre and states was at 12.8 per cent in 2020-2021.
October 18, 2021
World Food Day celebrated on October 16
World Food Day is observed every year on October 16. Year 2021 marked the 76th World Food Day.
Key facts
This day makes human realise how privileged are they to gorge on the delicacies from across the
world as well as raises awareness regarding deprived & not-so-privileged people.
It acknowledges the founding of Food and Agriculture organisation as well as highlights the section
in the world that starves from extreme hunger.
United Nations had found the ‘Food and Agriculture Association (FAO)’ on October 16, 1945.
Starvation is a big problem in several countries, especially in underdeveloped parts of the globe. Thus,
awareness is required to address this issue. World Food Day helps in addressing the issue.
World Food Day: History
World Food Day was set up by Member Countries of Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO). It was
established at the 20th General Conference of FAO in November 1979. Hungarian Delegation, led by former
Hungarian Minister of Agriculture & Food Dr. Pal Romany, played a significant role at the 20th Session and
recommended the idea of celebrating this day across the world. It has since been observed in more than
150 countries, every year. It raises awareness of the issues behind poverty and hunger.
Theme of the day
This day in 2021 was celebrated under the theme- “Safe food now for a healthy tomorrow”.
Purpose of the day
The main purpose to celebrate this day is to promote the message that “food is a basic and fundamental
human right. It also spread awareness on malnutrition and obesity.
Gujarat to give Rs 5,000 Tribals Pilgrimage in Ayodhya
The Government of Gujarat has decided to give a financial assistance of Rs 5000 per person belonging to
tribal community for pilgrimage Shri Ram Janmabhoomi in Ayodhya.
This announcement was made at a gathering in “Shabari Dham” which is a pilgrim site in Dangs
district of Gujarat. Shabari Dham is associated with Lord Sri Ram.
On the occasion, it was decided that state-level ‘Dussehra Mahotsav’ will be organised at different
places of pilgrimage related to Lord Ram every year in
Following a decision by Supreme Court, “Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust” was set up in
November 2019. This trust is entrusted with the task of constructing the Lord Ram temple in
Ayodhya.
Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust
Government of India had set up this trust on February 5, 2020, for the construction and management of Ram
Mandir in Ayodhya. The trust comprises of 15 trustees. It was set up in accordance with the verdict of the
Supreme Court in “M Siddiq(D) Thr Lrs v/s Mahant Suresh Das & Ors case”. In the verdict, SC asked the
central government to set up a trust for managing the construction of temple within three months of this
judgement.
Ram Mandir in Ayodhya
This Hindu temple is being built in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, on Ram Janmabhoomi. Its ground-breaking
ceremony was performed on August 5, 2020 by prime minister Narendra Modi.
Presiding deity of the temple
Ram Lalla Virajman is the presiding deity of the temple. Ram Lalla is the infant form of Lord Rama. Ram
Lalla was a litigant since 1989 in the court case over the disputed site.
Indian Army wins gold medal at Cambrian Patrol Exercise
A team from 5th Battalion-4 (5/4) Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force) representing the Indian Army won gold
medal at the prestigious Cambrian Patrol Exercise which was held in United Kingdom.
About Cambrian Patrol Exercise
Exercise was held from October 13th to 15th 2021 at Brecon, Wales in United Kingdom.
Exercise Cambrian Patrol was organised by the UK Army.
It considered as the ultimate test of human endurance and team spirit.
It is sometimes also referred as “Olympics of Military Patrolling”among militaries of the world.
Out of 96 participating teams, only three international patrols were awarded a gold medal this year,
till the 6th phase of this Exercise.
Indian Army Team
The Indian Army team took part in the event and competed with a total of 96 teams including 17
international teams representing Special Forces and prestigious Regiments from different parts of the
world.

How winner was selected?

During the exercise, teams were assessed with respect to their performance under harsh terrain and
inclement cold weather conditions. These conditions presented different challenges to the teams. Teams
were also exposed to complex real-world situations in order to assess their reactions in combating the
settings.
Why Indian Army team won?
The Indian Army team received rich accolades from all the judges. Team was praised for their excellent
navigation skills, overall physical endurance and delivery of patrol orders.
Who presented the medal?
Gold Medal was presented to the Indian Army team by General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith who is the Chief of
General Staff of British Army.
Italy unveils G20 Innovation League
The Italian Presidency of the G20 grouping has unveiled “G20 Innovation League”, in a bid to create a
sustainable future.
G20 Innovation League
It is a new and unique initiative that have been designed to drive forward innovative projects, which in
turn will help in creating a sustainable future.
It will bring together the most promising start-ups from G20 countries, with the investment funds and
institutions in order for them to collaborate on and develop “innovative sustainable business
projects”.
Where this event was hosted?
G20 Innovation event was held in Sorrento, Italy. It was supported by Ministry of Foreign Affairs &
International Cooperation of Italy, Ministry of Economic Development of Italy and Ministry of Technological
Innovation & Digital Transition of Italy. This event was inaugurated by Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio.
Italy is also set to host G20 Summit in Rome on October 30-31, 2021.
Why this summit is significant?
This movement is significant and has been given focus in the backdrop of Covid-19 pandemic and global
challenges the pandemic has presented. In this situation, the real challenge is to encourage new
international investments and strengthen cooperation among the public & private actors on innovation.
Role of Start-Ups
Start-ups called to present their projects. In order to propose sustainable technological solutions, they took
part in five challenges. At the first stage of competition, G-20 countries nominated their promising start-ups.
At the second stage, 100 start-ups who made it to finals, were evaluated. Start-ups competed in five
categories namely, Clean technology, Artificial Intelligence, Smart Cities & New Mobility, IoT Technology &
Wearable Devices and the Future of Healthcare.
Indian Project wins Eco Oscars
An Indian Project, Takachar’s Innovation, that recycles agricultural waste into fuel has won the “Prince
William’s inaugural Earthshot Prize”, which is also called as “Eco Oscars.
Highlights
Eco Oscars honour people who are trying to save the planet Earth.
This award is presented with the aim of providing assistance to and inspire innovative local solutions
as the climate crisis is growing globally.
Takachar’s Innovation
Takachar’s Innovation is led by Vidyut Mohan. This technology was recognised for its affordable technology
in order to convert crop residues into sellable bio-products. It reduced smoke emissions by 98 per cent.

Thus, it calls for improving air quality. Vidyut Mohan was awarded for this technology in “clean our air
category”. This award was among fiver other winners of the prize worldwide.
Significance of the technology
World generate around USD 120 billion of agricultural waste per year. When farmers fail to sell, they often
burn the waste. Burning of waste have catastrophic consequences for human health as well as
environment. Burning causes air pollution, which has reduced life expectancy in some areas by a decade.
Thus, this technology is significant in mitigating this challenge.
Background
For the next 10 years, the Earthshot will be awarding £1m each year to each of five projects that are working
for findings solutions to the environmental problems on the planet.
About Earthshot Prize
This prize is awarded to five winners each year, whose projects help the environment. It will be awarded
annually from 2021 to 2030. It is given by the Royal Foundation, which is headquartered in London, England.
The prize is distributed in five separate categories that are supported by UN Sustainable Development
Goals. This prize was launched in the year 2020 by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and David
Attenborough.
Nasa launches Lucy Spacecraft
American Space Agency, NASA, launched the first-of-its kind mission on October 16, 2021 to study the
Trojan asteroids of Jupiter.
Highlights
Trojan asteroids are two large clusters of space rocks, which are believed to be remnants of
primordial material forming the outer planets of the solar system.
The space probe is called as Lucy.
It has been packed inside a special cargo capsule, which was lifted off from Cape Canaveral Air Force
Station.
Lucy spacecraft was carried by an Atlas V rocket from United Launch Alliance (UAL), which is a joint
venture of Boeing Co and Lockheed Martin Corp.
Lucy Mission
Lucy mission is a 12-year expedition which will study a record number of asteroids. It will be first mission to
explore the Trojans, which are rocky objects orbiting the sun in two swarms that is, ahead of the path of
Jupiter and one behind it. Spacecraft will journey to eight different asteroids. It will also visit main belt
asteroid and seven Jupiter trojans. This spacecraft is the centrepiece of US$981 million mission.
Background
Lucy Mission was chosen, along with the Psyche mission, on January 4, 2017 as Discovery Program
missions 13 and 14 respectively by NASA. Lucy Mission has been named after Lucy hominin skeleton,
because study of Trojans will reveal the “fossils of planet formation”.
About Trojan asteroid
Jupiter trojans are also called as trojan asteroids. These are a large group of asteroids which share the orbit
of planet Jupiter around the Sun. Each trojan revolves around one of Jupiter’s stable Lagrange points, either
L4 or L5. They are distributed in two elongated and curved regions around these Lagrangian points.
PMFBY: Working Group set up
The Central Government has set up a working group, with the aim of rolling out an overhauled Pradhan
Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) from kharif season 2022.
Key Points
This working group has been constituted comprising of officials from Centre, top executives of public

sector insurance companies and key crop-producing states.

Working group will suggest “sustainable, financial and operational models.”
It was constituted after several states quit the scheme, which in turn defeats the objective of
protecting income of farmers.
Function of working group
This working group is expected to address the demand of alternative model, in order to achieve sustainable
capacities of insurers as well to achieve rationalised premium pricing in order to cut subsidy burden on the
government. It will submit its report in next six months.
Why this group was set up?
The working group will be set up as centre identified a hardening of premium market, inadequate
underwriting capacity of insurers and lack of sufficient participation in tenders as major issues, impacting
PMFBY during implementation of the scheme.
Premium under the scheme
Under the scheme, premium that farmers are required to fix is 1.5% of the sum insured for rabi crops while
2% for Kharif crops. It is 5% for cash crops under PMFBY. Rest of the premium is split between the Centre
and states.
State’s demand
Some of the states have demanded to cap their share of the premium subsidy at 30%, while some states are
demanding the Centre to bear entire subsidy.
Which states have exited the scheme?
Gujarat, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar have exited the scheme, till date.
Punjab did not implement the crop insurance scheme. Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal have
launched their own schemes under which farmers do not pay any premium, however they receive a fixed
compensation amount in case of crop failure.
Report: China tested Nuclear Capable Hypersonic Missile
As per report of financial times, China tested a nuclear-capable hypersonic missile in August 2021,
demonstrating an advanced space capability.
As per report, launch of the missile was kept secret by China. The missile circled the world before
cruising towards its target. However, it missed its mark by about 24 miles.
Chinese military launched the rocket carrying hypersonic glide vehicle that flew through low-orbit
space.
Missile test demonstrate that, China made impressive progress on hypersonic weapons. This test
was more advanced than US.
As per report, weapon could fly over the South Pole in theory. This will pose a big challenge for US
military as its missile defence systems focuses on northern polar route.
Report also notes that, China usually announces the launch of its Long March rockets. But concealed
the August launch.
Development of hypersonic missiles
Countries like Russia, China and US are developing hypersonic missiles that travel at the speed five times
that of sound. However, they run slower than ballistic missiles. These missiles are harder to intercept and
can be manoeuvred.
Why China tested this missile?
China developed this missile in the backdrop of increasing US-China rivalry, Chinese pressure on Taiwan as
well as standoff between India & China in the eastern Ladakh.

Difference between Hypersonic and Ballistic Missiles

The trajectory of Hypersonic Missiles is not traceable, while trajectory of the Ballistic missiles is traceable.
Hypersonic Missile
The missile through the atmosphere below 90 km at a speed between Mach 5-10. This is a speed where air
starts dissociating and high heat loads exits.
Punjab: Mera Ghar Mere Naam scheme launched
Chief Minister of Punjab, Charanjit Singh Channi, launched “Mera Ghar Mere Naam” scheme on October 17,
2021.
Key Points
The scheme will give ownership rights to the people who are living in houses within the lal lakir of
cities as well as villages.
Lal lakir refers to land which is part of the village habitation. Such land is used only for non-
agriculture purposes.
The scheme will provide much needed assistance to all the people, including those from underprivileged
and needy strata.
Background
Earlier this scheme was launched for the residents of villages only. But now it has been extended to eligible
residents of cities within the lal lakir.
Drone Survey
In order to implement the scheme, the Revenue department has been mandated to undertake drone survey
of these residential properties across the rural and urban areas for the purpose of digital mapping.
Property Card
After proper identification or verification, all the eligible residents will be given property cards or
sanads in order to provide ownership rights in time-bound manner.
Before this, beneficiaries will be given a time of 15 days for filing their objections. If no reply is
received from them, property card will be issued.
Property card will serve the purpose of registry. Using this card, beneficiary can avail loans from
banks or sell their properties. Thus, the card will enhance the monetary value of land.
October 17: International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
The International day for Eradication of Poverty is observed every year on October 17.
Key Points
The day is observed to recognize and acknowledge the efforts and struggles faced by people, who are
pushed to live in poverty.
It provides a chance to these people to speak out their concerns and make every people to realize
that these poor people are the first one to fight poverty.
World Bank Report
As per World Bank report, United Nations states that, 88 to 115 million people have been pushed
towards poverty. Majority of the people are from South Asian and Sub-Saharan regions who were
pushed towards poverty during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The number might have increased, in the range of 143 and 163 million.
These figures is addition to existing 1.3 billion people who were already living under poverty before
the pandemic.
History of the day
Poverty was proclaimed as violation of human rights on October 17, 1987. It was proclaimed by people who

got assembled at the Trocadero in Paris in order to honour the victims of extreme poverty, hunger as well as
violence. On this day, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was also signed in the year 1948. Finally
on December 22, 1992, UN General Assembly adopted its resolution 47/196 and proclaimed October 17 as
“International Day for the Eradication of Poverty”.
First Commemoration
The first commemoration of International day for Eradication of Poverty” took place in Paris, France, in the
year 1987. The day honoured the victims of poverty, hunger and violence.
October 19, 2021
Delhi's Rojgar Bazaar 2.0
The Delhi government floated tenders for developing a portal called “Rojgar Bazaar 2.0” on October 14,
2021.
Key Points
The portal will provide employment related services to the youth of Delhi.
It will provide end-to-end employment related information and artificial intelligence-based job
matching to the youth looking for jobs in the national capital.
Portal will act as a “gateway to access career guidance, skill training, and skill credentialing.
Government will also launch a mobile app for same.
Background
Delhi government had launched the ‘Rojgar Bazaar 1.0’ in August 2020. It turned out to be “a lifeline for
small businesses and unemployed youth of Delhi”. On this portal, 10 lakh jobs and 14 lakh job-seekers have
already been advertised.
Rojgar Bazaar 2.0 portal
This portal will bring all the services related to skill training, career guidance and job matching on this first-
of-its kind digital platform. Government has also planned to institutionalise physical centres in order to
increase access to this portal because a large number of unorganised workers cannot access digital
platform. It will also provide AI-based employer verification for matching jobs. It will also provide other
critical services like skilling, career guidance, skill credentialing as well as automated analytics services. All
these services will help in enhancing the ability of job seekers to gain meaningful livelihoods.
Amit Rastogi: CMD of National Research Development Corporation
Commodore Amit Rastogi (Retd), after being into service to Indian Navy for 34 years, has taken charge as
Chairman & Managing Director of National Research Development Corporation. He took charges on October
18, 2021.
Who is Amit Rastogi?
He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from JNU.
He did his M.Sc. in Defence & strategic studies from Madras University while Master’s degree in
Electronics & Telecommunication form Poona University.
He is also an alumnus of College of Defence Management, Secunderabad and Defence Services Staff
College Wellington.
He has held diverse portfolios in Indian Navy, state-of-the-art technology intensive combat systems
and carries rich experience in induction of missile systems.
He worked as Director of Electrical Engineering at Integrated Headquarters in Ministry of Defence for
five years and also served as Additional General Manager Tech Services for two years at Naval
Dockyard.
National Research Development Corporation (NRDC)
NRDC was a non-departmental government body. It was established by the British Government for
transferring technology from public sector to private sector. This body was established in the year 1948 by
Attlee’s Labour government to meet the perceived need at the time in order to exploit several products that
Defence Research Establishment had developed during World War II. It was set up by Board of Trade in
accordance with the Development of Inventions Act 1948. Lord Giffard was its first managing director. In
the year 1981, NRDC was combined with National Enterprise Board (NEB) to form British Technology Group
(BTG).
Kerala to market Kudumbashree products on online platform
Kerala Government has planned to start an online platform to market and deliver products manufactured by
‘Micro, Small and Medium production units including Kudumbashree.
Key Facts
As per State Industries Minister P Rajeeve, Kerala government has already started preliminary level
talks on this.
This plan was announced while inaugurating “State-level seed capital financial assistance scheme”
on October 18, 2021.
State-level seed capital financial assistance scheme
Under this scheme, assistance will be provided to self-help Groups.
Scheme was launched as part of “Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises
(PMFME) project”.
PMFME Project
The Centre had started the PMFME scheme in collaboration with the State governments in order to
incentivise food processing industries. This scheme seeks to provide technical, financial, and business
assistance to the small food processing enterprises.
Assistance to Self-help group
Under the PMFME scheme, members of the self-help group will be given an initial capital of up to Rs
40,000 in order to purchase machines.
Self-help groups members involved in the food processing industry will get 35 per cent of the credit
linked capital subsidy. It is subject to a maximum of Rs 10 lakh.
Capital investment of SHG federation will get 35 per cent subsidy by means of credit-linked grants.
One district one product
This scheme was started in order to identify one product from each and encourage its sale. It comprises of
procurement of raw materials using common facilities in order to produce and help in widening its market
for the product. Under this scheme, food processing ministry also helps the entrepreneurs for building
logistic support and developing ‘brand building’ for these products.
India-Israel to resume negotiations on FTA
India and Israel have agreed to resume the negotiations on Free Trade Agreement (FTA) from November
2021.
Aim of FTA
Both the countries will negotiate on FTA with the aim of concluding long-pending deal by June 2022.
Discussions regarding FTA have been going on between India and Israel for more than a decade.
However, for the first time a definite deadline has been set.
India-Israel Cooperation
India and Israel have joined the International Solar Alliance (ISA) which is a global initiative, started
by India. Agreement was signed between Jaishankar and Israel’s Energy Minister Karine Elharrar.
Both the countries have helped each other during COVID-19 pandemic also.

India–Israel relations
The bilateral relations between India and Israel are extensive. Both the countries share military, economic
and strategic relationship. Israel is represented by an embassy in New Delhi while consulates in Mumbai &
Bangalore. India has set up its embassy in Tel Aviv.
Military Relations
India is the largest buyer of military equipment from Israel while Israel is the second-largest supplier of
military equipment to India following Russia. In between 1999 to 2009, military business between both the
countries was around US$9 billion. Military and strategic ties also extend to joint military training and
intelligence-sharing on terrorist groups.
Economic Relations
India is the third-largest Asian trade partner of Israel, as of 2014. Overall, India is tenth-largest trade partner
of Israel. The bilateral trade between both the countries stands at $4.52 billion, excluding the military sales.
Both the countries are negotiating an extensive bilateral free-trade agreement which focuses on areas like
biotechnology, information technology and agriculture.
Govt and NABARD's NTPL sign Trust deed to promote FPOs
The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has dedicated Rs 1000 crores fund to
provide credit guarantees to around 10,000 farmer producer organisations (FPOs).
Key Points
This dedicated fund will be housed under the “Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for FPOs” (CGFTFPO),
under the trusteeship of NABSanrakshan Trustee Private Limited (NTPL).
CGFTFPO Trust has been signed by officials of Ministry of Agriculture & farmers welfare and
NABSanrakshan of NABARD and has been registered at Mumbai.
NTPL is a subsidiary and is wholly owned by NABARD.
Formation and Promotion of FPOs Scheme
Central government had launched a new central sector scheme called “Formation and promotion of 10000
FPOs” in February 2021. This scheme was launched with a clear strategy and committed resources for
promoting 10000 new FPOs in India. Rs 6865 has been allocated to this scheme.
The CGFTFPO
It is only the second such Trust formed in agriculture and allied sector in order to provide credit guarantee.
Credit guarantee offered by means of Trust will help in enhancing the credit worthiness of FPOs. It will also
facilitate for cost-effective production and productivity which in turn will led to higher net income for the
farmers who are members of FPOs.
Development of FPOs
As per Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, FPOs will be developed in produce clusters. While
agricultural produce and horticultural produce are grown to leverage economies of scale. It will also help in
improving market access for members.
NITI Aayog launches Geospatial Energy Map of India
Government think tank, NITI Aayog, launched the Geospatial Energy Map of India on October 18, 2021.
Key Points
This Geospatial Energy Map of India provides a holistic picture of all energy resources like oil & gas wells,
petroleum refineries, conventional power plants, coal fields and coal blocks.
Use of GIS-based Energy Map of India
GIS mapping of energy assets will be helpful in ensuring real-time and integrated planning of energy
sector in India, considering its interdependence and large geographical distribution.
Energy markets have huge potential in bringing efficiency gains.

Such mapping of energy assets will be helpful for all concerned stakeholders.
It will also help in accelerating policy-making process.
Using this, fragmented data has been brought together and will prove to be a great research
instrument.
Who has developed this Map?
The Geospatial Energy Map of India has been launched by NITI Aayog in collaboration with the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO). Energy ministries of the Government of India has also provided its support in
developing this platform.
Significance of GIS Map
The GIS map will provide a holistic picture of all energy resources India, which in turn will help in
visualising energy installations like conventional power plants, petroleum refineries, oil and gas wells,
petroleum refineries, coal fields and coal blocks, renewable energy resource potential and district-
wise data on renewable energy power plants through 27 thematic layers.
Map will also identify and locate all primary and secondary sources of energy as well as their
transportation/transmission networks in order to provide a comprehensive view of energy production
and distribution in India.
Aim of the initiative
This platform has been launched with the aim of integrating energy data scattered across several
organizations. It will present consolidated data in visually appealing graphical manner.
India, US, UAE, and Israel form a new QUAD
India, Israel, United States and United Arab Emirates (UAE) are ready to build on momentum created by
“Abraham Accords” by holding the first meeting of their foreign ministers on October 18, 2021.
Key Points
The meeting is being described in some quarters as a “new Quad”.
It was joined by:
1. External affairs minister S Jaishankar,
2. US secretary of state Antony Blinken from Washington
3. Israeli foreign minister Yair Lapid from Jerusalem
4. UAE foreign minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan from Abu Dhabi.
This meeting is the first to bring four countries together on a single platform.
Meeting will also be linked with India’s efforts of building new plurilateral and multilateral
partnerships which focuses on cooperation in areas including security, connectivity and energy.
Trilateral Cooperation
India, Israel and the UAE have also stepped-up a trilateral cooperation, especially in trade and investment,
after US negotiated for Abraham Accords in August 2020 between two West Asian countries. Under this
partnership, an Israel-based company will produce a robotic solar cleaning technology in India which will be
used for a project in the UAE.
Abraham Accords
Abraham Accords are a joint statement between Israel, the US and the UAE. It was signed on August 13,
2020. The term was also used to refer to normalisation agreements between Israel & UAE and Israel &
Bahrain collectively. It is the first public normalization of relations between any Arab country and Israel
since 1994. The accords have been named after Abraham, emphasizing the shared belief between Judaism
and Islam. Both of them are Abrahamic religions which strictly support monotheistic worship of the God of
Abraham.

UIDAI to host ‘Aadhaar Hackathon 2021’

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is set to host the ‘Aadhaar Hackathon 2021’ from
October 28, 2021.
About Aadhaar Hackathon
The Aadhaar Hackathon is set to identify young innovators in the area of information technology.
The event will start from October 28 and end on October 31, 2021.
Hackathon will be organised for young innovators who are still at various engineering institutes and
seeks to step into the real world.
It will be the first-ever event being conducted by Aadhaar team.
Theme of the event
Aadhaar Hackathon 2021 has been themed on two topics:
1. Enrolment and Update:This topic primarily covers some of the real-life challenges which are faced by
the residents while they update their address.
2. Identity and Authentication:Under this theme, the UIDAI is soliciting innovative solutions for proving
the identity without sharing Aadhaar number or any demographic information. It is also looking for
innovative applications related to face authentication API, which is the newly launched authentication
modality of the UIDAI. Its objective is to popularise existing as well as new APIs for solving the needs
of residents.
To solve these challenges, UIDAI is reaching out to all engineering colleges through innovative
technological solutions.
How to register
One can register for the hackathon by visiting “hackathon.uidai.gov.in” website.
Prize money and other benefits
UIDAI will also reward winners under each theme through prize money and other lucrative benefits.
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
UIDAI is a statutory authority which was established under the provisions of the Aadhaar Act 2016 on July
12, 2016. It was established under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). It was
created to issue Unique Identification numbers (UID), dubbed as “Aadhaar”, to all the residents of India.
Gen-Next Democratic Network' initiative- Key Facts
Under the new initiative called “Gen-Next Democratic Network” initiative, India is set to host young leaders
aged under 35.
Key Points
This event will be organised in November 2021.
It has been planned by Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR).
ICCR is an autonomous body working under the Ministry of External Affairs. It deals with the policies
related to India’s external cultural relations.
Young leaders would be invited from 75 different democracies.
These young leaders will be invited from ruling party, opposition party and other key parties.
5-7 leaders will be invited in different groups, to attend the event.
Inaugural Batch
The inaugural batch will comprise of leaders from countries like Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Chile, Sri Lanka,
Indonesia, Japan and Zambia. Structure comprises of countries representing regions and continents such
as South East Asia and Africa.
Who will inaugurate the event?
This event will be inaugurated by the speaker of Lok Sabha, Om Birla. The event will take place from

November 25.
Purpose of the meeting
Through this event, organisers are approaching and trying to build relations with Gen-next of 75
democracies. These people will become future leader of their respective countries. This, through this event,
they will get a comprehensive idea of rich democratic culture in India. They will also go to at least one state
with ICCR.
Background
This initiative has been launched by in the light that, India has been taking a lead role in the area of geo
politics of democracies.
Alibaba launches new server chip based on advanced 5-nanometer tech
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. have launched a new server chip on the basis of advanced 5-nanometer
technology.
Highlights
This marks a milestone in light of semiconductor self-sufficiency of China.
The newest chip was launched on the basis of micro-architecture provided by SoftBank Group
Corporation, it is owned Arm Ltd.
Annual Cloud Summit
Alibaba, in the backdrop of its Annual Cloud Summit, highlighted that silicon will be put for using its own
data centres in near future. It will not be sold for commercial purposes. The annual cloud summit will be
held in Hangzhou.
About the server chip
Alibaba has customized the server chips is consistent with the ongoing efforts of boosting the
computing capabilities with better performance and improved energy efficiency.
Chips will be used to support current and future businesses in the Alibaba Group ecosystem.
Why this new server chip was launched?
Alibaba has launched new server chip in the aftermath of increasing cloud services amid the covid-19
pandemic. Tech giants across the world are seeking more powerful and energy efficient semiconductors for
gaining edge.
Significance of server chip
This server chip is the most advanced chip by a Chinese firm. With this launch, Alibaba has joined in global
rivals like Amazon & Google in gradually replacing silicon from traditional chipmakers such as Advanced
micro–Devices Inc. and Intel Corp.
PM to attend Abhidhamma Day programme at U.P
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, is set to visit Uttar Pradesh on October 20, 2021 to attend Abhidhamma Day
Programme.
Key Points
On the occasion, Prime Minister will inaugurate the Kushinagar International Airport.
After this launch, he will participate in an event at Mahaparinirvana Temple, marking Abhidhamma
Day.
Thereafter, he will be attending a public function for inaugurating and laying foundation stone of
several development projects in Kushinagar.
Kushinagar International Airport
The inauguration of Kushinagar International Airport will be marked by landing of first flight at the
airport from Colombo, Sri Lanka.
The flight will carry Sri Lankan delegation comprising of more than hundred Buddhist Monks &

dignitaries. Among them, a 12-member Holy Relic entourage will bring Holy Buddha Relics for
Exposition.
Delegation also include Anunayakas (deputy heads) from all four Nikatas (orders) of Buddhism in Sri
Lanka namely, Asgiriya, Amarapura, Ramanya and Malwatta.
Five ministers of the Sri Lankan government will also take part in the event. They will be led by
Cabinet Minister Namal Rajapakshe.
Services provided by Airport
This airport has been built at the estimated cost of Rs. 260 crores. It will be facilitating domestic as well as
international pilgrims to visit the Mahaparinirvana sthal of Lord Buddha. Inauguration of the airport is an
attempt of connecting Buddhist pilgrimage holy sites from across the world. Airport will serve the adjoining
districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. It is an important step of boosting investment & employment
opportunities in this region.
Abhidhamma Day
Abhidhamma Day symbolises the end of three-month rainy retreat called “Varshavaas or Vassa”. This rainy
retreat is observed by the Buddhist Monks. During this period, monks stay at one place in vihara &
monastery for offering prayer.
BC commission begins Enumeration Exercise
As per Chairman of Andhra Pradesh Commission for Backward Classes, Justice A. Sankara Narayana, the
enumeration & enlistment programme has been undertaken for the enrolment of deserving castes and
remove inequity.
Key Facts
This commission was established on October 18, 2021.
Panel was also asked to look after caste names like Pinjari, Uppara and Pichiguntla. These caste
names were allegedly being used in a derogatory manner.
Members from Dasari community sought for the revival of ancient practice of ‘Dasari blowing the
conch’ at Tirumala at the dawn. Following this, ‘Sannidhi Golla’ of Yadav community opened the main
door of Lord Venkateswara temple.
Venkateswara Temple
It is a Hindu temple located in the hill town of Tirumala in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. It is dedicated
to Venkateswara (a form of Vishnu). He is believed to have appeared in the town for saving mankind from
trials and troubles of Kali Yuga. Thus, this place has been named as Kaliyuga Vaikuntha, while the Lord here
is referred “Kaliyuga Prathyaksha Daivam”.
Different names to the temple
The temple is also called by different names such as Tirumala Temple, Tirupati Balaji Temple or Tirupati
Temple.
Different names of the Lord
Lord Venkateswara is known by other names like Govinda, Balaji and Srinivasa.
Who runs the temple?
The temple is run by “Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD)”. TTD is under the control of Andhra Pradesh
Government. Head of the TTD is appointed by Andhra Pradesh Government.
October 20, 2021
Current Affairs- Today’s Headlines: October 20, 2021
INDIA
– Govt extends ability of existing air quality early warning system to have decision-making capability

– J&K: Piyush Goyal inaugurates 250mm Seer Water supply scheme in Pahalgam, Kashmir.
– Union Ayush Minister Sarbananda Sonowal inaugurates ‘Ayush Van’ in Gandhidham, Gujarat
– Babul Supriyo formally resigns as BJP Lok Sabha MP from Asansol in West Bengal
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Railways shuts down Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation (IRSDC) that was set up
for the redevelopment of stations across the country
– L&T emerges as lowest bidder for construction of Common Central Secretariat in New Delhi
– CII organising International Conference and Exhibition on Digital technologies – “Future Tech
2021” from Oct 19 to 27
– Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC MD & CEO A. Balasubramanian appointed Chairman of AMFI
(Association of Mutual Funds in India)
WORLD
– India, Israel, US and UAE agree to establish joint economic forum
– Israel: EAM S. Jaishankar meets IAF contingent taking part in biennial Blue Flag exercise
– Ecuador declares 60-day ‘state of emergency’ over crime wave
– Zalmay Khalilzad, U.S. chief interlocutor for Afghanistan, steps down
SPORTS
– AIBA (International Boxing Association) introduces belts, white gloves for men’s world
championships in Belgrade in October
– Harbhajan Singh and Javagal Srinath awarded life membership of the Marylebone Cricket Club
(MCC)
– New Zealand cricket umpire Fred Goodall dies at 83
Report: Africa’s glaciers to disappear soon
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and other agency released its new report on October 19, 2021. In
its report, these agencies warned that, Africa’s rare glaciers are going to disappear in next two decades
because of climate change.
Key facts
The report was released ahead of “U.N. climate conference” which is scheduled for October 31, 2021
in Scotland.
As per report, 1.3 billion people of Africa remain extremely vulnerable as African continent warms
more and at a faster rate than the global average, even though 54 countries in Africa contributes for
less than 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Report notes that, shrinking glaciers of Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the Rwenzori Mountains
in Uganda are the symbol of rapid and widespread changes to come. Present retreat rates of these
glaciers are higher than global average. If this continues to happen, there will be total deglaciation by
2040s.
By 2030, around 118 million extremely poor people, or people living on less than $1.90 a day, will be
exposed to floods, drought and extreme heat in Africa.
Economic effects of climate change
Estimates of economic effects of climate change vary in the African continent. However, in sub-Saharan
Africa, climate change will decrease the gross domestic product by 3% by 2050. Cost of adapting to
climate change in Africa will increase to $50 billion per year by 2050.
Famine in Madagascar
United Nations has warned that “climate change has resulted into famine-like conditions in Madagascar,
located in Indian Ocean Island. It also notes that, South Sudan are going through the worst flooding in about
60 years.

India-Taliban to meet at Moscow-format meeting

India and Taliban are set to meet face-to-face at the “Moscow Format” meeting which will be hosted by
Russia on October 20, 2021.
Key Points
India and Taliban meeting is expected to focus on formation of an inclusive government and security
situation in Afghanistan.
Meeting will be participated by India, Afghanistan, Iran, USA, Pakistan, China and Central Asian
states.
Participants will also discuss on the issues of consolidating efforts of international community in
order to prevent humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan.
This is the first edition of the Moscow Format on Afghanistan ever since Taliban came to power.
Though, India holds its first meeting with Taliban on August 31, 2021 in Doha.
Moscow Format Meeting on Afghanistan
Moscow Format Meeting on Afghanistan will enable the first formal contact between India and
Taliban.
From Indian side, the meeting will be led by joint secretary, JP Singh, who is the head of Pakistan-
Afghanistan-Iran desk in external affairs ministry.
The Russian side seeks to hold a sincere conversation with the representatives of new Afghan
leadership and convey their objections to the Afghan delegation.
Discussions in the meeting will also focus on human rights issues as well as the humanitarian
situation in Afghanistan.
Terror threats related to Afghanistan and Fighting drug trafficking will be priority for Russia and other
countries.
Background
The Moscow Format was set up in the year 2017 as a six-party mechanism. It involved Russia, India,
Afghanistan, Iran, China and Pakistan. The format was later expanded with the inclusion of some more
countries. Its meetings were held in Moscow in the year 2017 and 2018.
Report: India at top in Emissions related to Crop Burning
Climate tech start-up, Blue Sky Analytics, published its report on emissions related to crop burning. In the
report, India has been ranked at the top position.
Key Points
As per report, India accounted for 13 per cent of total global emissions in the period of 2015-2020.
Report notes a 12.2 percent contribution by India towards the cropland fire emissions in 2020 alone.
The data highlights the new insights into recent trends in biomass fires, including emissions from
crop residue and forest residue fires in India.
For instance, data in report verifies the downward trend of crop fires between 2016 and 2019. As per
report, GHG emissions due to cropland fires has reduced by 11.39 per cent in between 2016-2019.
In between 2019-20, GHG emissions has increased by 12.8 per cent. As a result of this, India’s global
contribution has become 12.2 per cent.
Blue Sky Analytics
Blue Sky Analytics is the Indian Climate tech start-up. It was founded by an IIT alumnus. It is a part of global
coalition called “Climate TRACE”.
Climate TRACE
Climate TRACE is a global coalition that works on the mission of accelerating climate action by providing
near-real-time and independent high-resolution GHG emissions data. Innovative approach followed by

Climate TRACE fills critical knowledge gaps for all the countries, which also rely on patchwork system of
self-reporting.
Emission Estimates
Emissions estimates provided by Blue Sky Analytics cover fires caused by human activities. It includes
burning in forest areas to convert it into agricultural land or crop residues. It also covers fires caused by
wildfire activity. It prepared report by combining multiple satellite data sources.
Russia to help India tackle coal shortage
India and Russia have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to collaborate in mining and steel
sector.
Key facts
MoU was signed between Union Minister of Steel, Ram Chandra Prasad and Russia’s minister of
energy Nikolay Shulginov.
The MoU specially focuses on coking
Signing of the deal is part of India’s National Steel Policy 2017.
Under National Steel Policy 2017, India aims to reach 300 million tonne steel production by 2030. It is
also working on forward and backward integration.
About the MoU
The MoU between both the countries was singed in Moscow. It envisages on the implementation of
commercial activities and joint projects in coking coal. Commercial activities include:
1. Long-term supplies of high-quality coking coal to India
2. Development of coking coal deposits as well as logistics
3. Sharing of experience in technologies of mining & coking coal production management, Beneficiation,
processing and training.
Discussion of OVL with Russia
ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL) is also discussing to buy a stake in Russia’s planned liquefied gas project Arctic
LNG-2 and massive Vostok oil project. In the year 2018, Ruias-owned Essar Oil sold India assets to Russian
government owned Roseneft-led consortium for $12.9 billion.
Significance of the MoU
MoU is significant as it was signed at a time when India’s non-power industries like cement, aluminium and
secondary producers of steel are facing severe thermal coal shortage.
India’s coal import
Presently, India imports its coking coal from Australia, which places the domestic steel industry at the
receiving end with respect to pricing power. Almost all the primary producers of steel in India rely on
imported coking coal for meeting their supplies.
Coal reserve in India
India has large coking coal reserves in Jharia district of Jharkhand. But the region continuously suffers
from fire as a result, it remains unexplored for mining. Jharia region is estimated to have coking coal
reserves of around 19.4 billion tonnes.
Gita Gopinath to leave IMF
Chief Economist and Director of the Research Department of International Monetary Fund (IMF), Gita
Gopinath, is set to leave her job in January 2022.
Highlights
She will return to the prestigious Harvard University, after leaving the job.
The Indian-American economist had joined the IMF in January 2019, as the Chief Economist.
When she joined IMF, she was working as John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies and

Economics at Harvard University.

Harvard University had extended her leave of absence by one year on an exceptional basis. This
allowed her to serve as Chief Economist for three years at the IMF.
She is the first-ever woman Chief Economist of the IMF.
Background
Gita Gopinath was born in December 1971 to Malayalee parents. She did her schooling in Kolkata. She
completed her graduation from the Lady Shri Ram College of Commerce in Delhi. She had her Masters from
the Delhi School of Economics and University of Washington. She then completed Ph.D in economics from
Princeton University in 2001. She was guided by Ben Bernanke, Kenneth Rogoff, and Pierre-Olivier
Gourinchas. In the year 2001, she joined the University of Chicago as an Assistant Professor and moved to
Harvard in 2005. In the year 2010, she became a tenured Professor there. She is only the third woman in
Harvard to be a tenured professor at economics department. She is also the first Indian following Nobel
laureate Amartya Sen to hold this position at Harvard.
Ecuador: Emergency declared over crime wave
The South American Country, Ecuador, has declared a state of emergency because of crime wave.
Key Points
President of Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso, announced a 60-day state of emergency on October 19, 2021
because of rise in violent drug crimes.
The announcement was made on the eve of a visit by US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken.
Both the leaders are set to discuss questions of defence, security, and trade.
With the announcement of state of emergency, soldiers in riot gear reached to reinforce authorities
following the protest by street merchants.
What is the issue?
Ecuador is currently grappling with a surge in violent crime and deadly prison riots.
Government of Ecuador has pointed to drug trafficking and its consumption as the underlying cause
and problem.
About Ecuador
Ecuador is a country, located in north-western South America. It is bordered by Colombia, Peru and Pacific
Ocean. The country also includes the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific. This island is located at about 1,000
kilometres west of the mainland. Quito city is the capital of Ecuador.
Background
The territories of present-day Ecuador were once home to several Amerindian groups. They were gradually
incorporated into the Inca Empire during 15th century. During the 16th century, the territory was colonized by
Spain. It achieved independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia. Ecuador emerged as its own sovereign
state in the year 1830.
Official language
Spanish is the official language of Ecuador. It is spoken by majority of the population. However, country has
recognised 13 Native languages including Shuar and Quechua.
M.P: Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke Dwar Yojana
State cabinet of Madhya Pradesh in its meeting on October 19, 2021, decided to implement Mukhya Mantri
Ration Aapke Dwar scheme.
About the scheme
Mukhya Mantri Ration Aapke Dwar Scheme will be implemented to benefit the poor tribal families.
It will be implemented in tribal development blocks of state excluding those blocks which fall under
districts which are undergoing bypolls.

The scheme is going to benefit tribal families of around 7511 villages in 74 development blocks of 16
districts.
How ration will be distributed?
Ration will be distributed from headquarters village as well as by transporting it through vehicle
across other villages attached to the shop.
Collector will fix the days of each month for distribution in the village.
On an average, in a month, 220 to 440 quintals of ration will be distributed by a vehicle for 22 to 25
days.
Around 472 vehicles will be used to distribute food transportation.
Annual expenditure
Under the scheme, there will be an annual expenditure of Rs 24,000 per month on one metric ton vehicle
while an expenditure of Rs 31,000 per month will be on 2 metric ton vehicle. Thus, there will be total of Rs
14.07 crore of expenditure.
Quality of food grain
Under the scheme, quality of the food-grain loaded in the vehicle will also be tested. All arrangements
including electronic weighing machine, speaker, mic, POS for weighing material will be made to keep
machine and food safe.
Air Quality Early Warning System (AQEWS) enhanced
The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) has developed a new ‘Decision Support System’ (DSS) as
well as ‘Air Quality Early Warning System’ (AQEWS). These systems were launched by Union Minister of
State (Independent Charge) Science and Technology, Dr Jitendra Singh.
Key Facts
DSS and AQEWS systems were launched for better air-quality management in Delhi-NCR region.
IITM is an autonomous institute, working under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. It is based in Pune.
Apart from the systems, IITM has also created a dedicated website in order to deliver quantitative
information regarding the contribution of emissions from Delhi and adjoining districts to the air
quality.
Unique feature of the system comprises of providing information on contribution of biomass-burning
activities in the adjoining states.
Air Quality Early Warning System (AQEWS)
The system has been developed by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune. This system uses data of
stubble burning incidents from last 15 years for predicting date and place of next burning. This data is then
correlated with wind speed for predicting air pollution level for next 72 hours. AQEWS can also forecast the
level of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) 2.5, PM10, and dust, which come from sources other
than stubble burning. Early warning of pollution helps in providing data and time to the authorities for
responding to it in a time bound manner.
Components of the system
The warning system comprises of:
1. Real time observations of air quality and details about natural aerosols like dust & particulate matter
using satellite data sets.
2. Predictions of air pollutants coming from two different air quality prediction systems on the basis of
state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry transport models.
3. Providing Warning Messages, Alerts & Bulletins.
Kung Fu Nuns won UNESCO Martial Arts Education Prize 2021
Prestigious “Martial Arts Education Prize 2021” was conferred to the world-renowned Kung Fu Nuns of

Drukpa order of Buddhism.

Key Points
Prize was given to them from the UNESCO International Centre for Martial Arts to honour their brave
acts of service.
The Prize recognises the historic “acts of service and championing of gender equality in Himalayas”
by the Kung Fu Nuns.
Through martial arts, Drukpa nuns empower young girls with defending themselves, take leadership
roles across their communities and build confidence.
It also recognises work by Kung Fu Nuns in Indian and Nepali communities, who were hit especially
hard by the covid-19 pandemic. Pandemic had left the marginalised groups in need of supplies and
education.
Why Kung Fu Nuns were awarded?
The Kung Fu Nuns belongs to the Drukpa Lineage of Indian Buddhism. They started learning Kung Fu in
building strength and confidence. They now use those skills to serve others by means of unimaginable acts
of bravery including recent 2500 km “Bicycle Yatra for Peace” from Kathmandu, Nepal to Ladakh. During the
Bicycle Yatra, they speak out against human trafficking as well as to their refusal to evacuate after 2015
Nepal earthquake for delivering critical aid to neglected regions.
About Kung Fu Nuns
Kung Fu Nuns are an order of Buddhist nuns, belonging to the Drukpa Kagyu lineage. It is a thousand-year-
old sect and is led by the Gyalwang Drukpa. Their name comes from the proficiency order in Chinese martial
arts. They started learning Chinese martial arts in 2008 after the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa authorised training.
They are best known for their social activism and humanitarian work. They occupy leadership roles across
their nunneries.
NPCI launches NTS platform for Card Tokenisation
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) announced for the launch of NPCI Tokenization system
(NTS) on October 20, 2021 in order to provide support to the tokenisation of cards as an alternate for
storing card details with merchants.
Key Facts
The NTS will support the tokenisation of RuPay cards in order to further enhance the safety of
customers as well to provide a seamless shopping experience for the consumers.
With the launch of NTS, acquiring banks, merchants, aggregators, and others can get themselves
certified with the NPCI. This in turn will help them in playing the role of Token Requestor.
Token requestor will help in save the token reference number (Token Reference on File (TROF)) for all
the saved card numbers.
By utilizing the TROF, all the businesses can maintain their RuPay consumer base for future
transactions that will be initiated by their respective RuPay consumers.
When these guidelines will be met?
Merchants are required to meet the Tokenisation by January 1, 2022.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
NPCI is the specialised division of Reserve Bank of India. It works under the jurisdiction of Ministry of
Finance. It was established to operate retail payments and settlement systems in India. NPCI was
established in December 2008 and is registered under Section 8 of the Companies Act 2013. It was
established by the RBI and Indian Banks’ Association.
Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation to be dissolved
Indian Railways has ordered to dissolve the “Indian Railways Stations Development Corporation” on the

basis of recommendation of Principal Economic Advisor of Finance Ministry, Sanjeev Sanyal.

Highlights
This move is in line with the rationalisation of railway bodies by closing or merging multiple
organisations.
Railway Board has ordered to initiate all necessary procedural formalities for closure of IRSDC.
Stations managed by IRSDC as well as all the projects related documents will be handed over to
respective Zonal Railways.
Background
With this move, IRSDC is the second organisation under the Ministry of Railways that will be shut down.
Earlier, on September 7, 2021, Indian railway had shut down the closure of Indian Railways Organisation for
Alternative Fuel (IROAF).
Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation Limited (IRSDC)
IRSDC was a special purpose vehicle which is a joint venture of Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA),
RITES and IRCON. International. All three companies of Indian Railways are owned by Indian Railway
Ministry. It was incorporated on April 12, 2012. On October 18, 2021, Railway Board announced to shut
down IRSDC in a bid to rationalise railway bodies. It was at the core of Indian railway’s mission of
transforming railway stations in India into world-class 24*7 hubs. It is also a nodal agency and main Project
Development Agency (PDA) for redevelopment of stations.
Joint Conference of CVC-CBI
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, delivered a video message to the joint conference of CVC and CBI on
October 20, 2021. The conference took place at Kevadia, Gujarat.
Highlights
During the conference, Prime Minister noted that, deliberations of the conference are taking place in
Kevadia which is a place marked by the presence of Sardar Patel.
Sardar Patel was the person who gave highest priority in making governance a basis of progress,
public welfare and public concerns in India.
He called on officers of CBI and CVC for rededicating themselves to abolish corruption across all the
walks of national life.
He further emphasized that in past 6-7 years, government has succeeded in instilling the confidence
that, corruption can be contained.
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
CVC is an apex Indian governmental body, which was established in the year 1964 by a resolution of
government of India. The body helps in addressing governmental corruption. Parliament enacted a law to
confer statutory status on the CVC in the year 2003. The body has the status of an autonomous body. It is
free of control from any of the executive authority. It has been charged with the monitoring of all vigilance
activity under the Central Government.
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
CBI is the premier investigating agency of India. It operates under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Personnel,
Public Grievances & Pensions. It was set up in the year 1965 to investigate bribery and governmental
corruption. CBI has been exempted from the provisions of Right to Information Act.
Kashmir: 250mm Seer Water Supply Scheme inaugurated
Union Minister Piyush Goyal, during his two-day visit to Pahalgam district in Kashmir, inaugurated a 250 mm
Seer Water Supply Scheme.
Highlights
The two-day visit of the minister concluded on October 20, 2021 as part of public outreach

programme of the central government.

Minister inaugurated tourist hut of Pahalgam Development Authority at the Golf Course Pahalgam.
Green JK Drive
Minister inaugurated the Forest Departments Deodar sapling plantation drive. This drive will be
conducted under the banner of Green JK Drive.
Under this drive, a total of 1 lakh saplings will be planted.
He enquired regarding the post plantation care for saplings and was apprised that fencing and other
appropriate watch & ward measures are taken properly.
250mm Seer Water Supply Scheme
Minister also inaugurated 250mm Seer Water supply scheme, on the occasion. This project will benefit
around 10000 people. Completion of the project will be done under the ambit of Jal Jeevan Mission within
three months.
Visits by the union minister
During the two-day visit, he visited Rahi Shawl Unit at Akad Park and interacted with local artisans. He
examined several handicrafts like zari, sozni and tapestry.
He also visited the Sun temple at Martand, which is located atop a hillock. This temple is the earliest
known sun temples.
The Martand Sun Temple
The temple is also known as Pandou Laidan. It is a Hindu temple dedicated to Surya. It was built during 8th
century CE. The temple is in ruins. It is located five miles from Anantnag in Jammu and Kashmir.
October 21, 2021
Microsoft AI Innovate Program
Technology giant, Microsoft, has launched a programme called “AI Innovate Programme”, to nurture and
scale start-ups.
Key Points
The programme was launched in its efforts of supporting the start-up ecosystem in India.
Programme will support those start-ups that are leveraging artificial intelligence (AI).
About Microsoft AI Innovate
It is a 10-week initiative to support and help start-ups in India in driving innovations, scaling
operations, and building industry expertise.
To participate in the initiative, both B2B and B2C start-ups coming from diverse industries such as
healthcare, financial services, education, space, agriculture, retail, manufacturing & logistics and e-
commerce are invited.
It is supported by TiE Mumbai.
Launch cohort of the initiative will kickstart in November 2021.
Why this initiative was launched?
This initiative was launched because, AI has become the heart of digital transformation. Microsoft has
invested helped several organizations in transform through AI. These start-ups are the future signal
generators for all while AI & ML (machine learning) technologies can help in creating disruptive model. The
programme seeks to help every start-up in every industry involved in meaningful innovation into actionable
results.
Start-up ecosystem in India
India accounts for third-largest ecosystem for start-ups across the world. Thus, it holds opportunities for
emerging businesses for accelerating innovation across industries. Adoption of AI will help in adding more
than $90 billion to Indian economy by 2025.

Focus of the programme

Under the new initiative, Microsoft will focus on providing tech & business opportunities to start-ups
in order to help them in improving their solutions, making AI accessible to everyone and transforming
their organisations.
Programme will also help the start-ups in reaching out to new customers and geographies with the
help of sales & partner networks of Microsoft.
October 21: Police Commemoration Day
National Police Commemoration Day is observed every year on October 21, in India. This day is dedicated to
the sacrifices of ten policemen, who died in Chinese firing in the year 1959.
Background
On October 21, 1959, Chinese troops threw grenades and opened fire at twenty Indian soldiers in Ladakh.
Out of them, ten brave police personnel attained martyrdom while seven others sustained injuries in that
incident. A month later, on November 28, 1959, dead bodies of the martyred policemen were handed over to
India by the Chinese troops. Their cremation was held at the Hot springs in North Eastern Ladakh, with full
Police honours. Since then, October 21 is observed as “Police Commemoration Day”.
Police Commemoration Day parade
National level Police Commemoration Day Parade is held at the Police Memorial, Chanakyapuri, since the
year 2012.
Significance of the Day
The day has become more significant in the aftermath of Covid-19 pandemic. Ever since the COVID-19
outbreak in India in 2020, Indian police officers have been on the frontline along with healthcare
officials. Several police officers lost their life while discharging their duties.
National Police Museum
National Police Museum was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Delhi on October 15, 2018. It
is handled by the central armed police forces (CAPFs) and the Intelligence Bureau (IB). Museum depicts the
history, uniform & gear of central as well as state police forces in India.
Sri Lanka receives first consignment of Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertilizer from India
Sri Lanka has received the first consignment of non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser from India on
October 20, 2021.
Key Facts
Of all, India sent 3.1 million litres of high quality non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser.
The fertilizer will help Sri Lanka in the cultivation of maize and paddy.
Background
Sri Lanka imported the Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser, after Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa
decided to stop chemical fertilizer imports.
President took this decision in May 2021 which sparked anger and widespread protests in farmland
districts of the Island country.
Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertiliser
Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertilizer was developed by Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited
(IFFCO), with the objective of addressing imbalanced and excessive use of conventional Urea.
It has been developed indigenously, for the first time in the world.
It was developed at Nano Biotechnology Research Centre (NBRC) of IFFCO at Kalol, Gujarat by means
of a proprietary patented technology.
Nano Urea (Liquid)
It is a source of nitrogen and a major essential nutrient that are required for proper growth and development

of plants. Nitrogen is a key constituent of amino acids, genetic materials, enzymes, energy transfer
compounds and photosynthetic pigments in a plant. Usually, in a healthy plant, nitrogen content is present
in the range of 1.5 to 4%. Application of Nano Urea (Liquid) at critical crop growth stages of the plant fulfils
its nitrogen requirement and increases its productivity and quality as compared to conventional urea.
UNEP report: Fossil fuel plans evade Paris limits
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recently released its report called “2021 Production Gap
Report”. According to the report, government’s plan to produce fossil fuels will evade the Paris Deal limits.
Key Points
Report measures the gap between “governments’ planned production of coal, gas & oil” and “global
production levels in consistent with the limits of Paris Agreement”.
As per report, despite increasing climate ambitions and net-zero commitments, governments are
planning to produce more than double amount of fossil fuels in the year 2030 than what was required
for limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
It notes that, the production gap in unchanged.
How gap will increase?
Governments are collectively targeting for an increase in oil and gas production, over the next two decades.
But there will only be a modest decrease in coal production. Thus, total fossil fuel production increasing out
by 2040 which will create an ever-widening production gap.
About 2021 production gap report
This year the report presents first comprehensive update of production gap analysis since it was first
launched in 2019. It tracks how governments across the world are supporting fossil fuel production by
means of their policies, investments and other measures. It also features the profile of individual country
for 15 major fossil fuel-producing countries.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
UNEP helps in coordinating responses to the environmental issues within the system of United Nations. The
body was established by Maurice Strong, in the year 1972, following the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment in Stockholm. The body provides leadership, develop solutions and deliver science on
several issues.
Japan: Mount Aso volcano erupts at Kyushu Island
Mount Aso volcano in Japan, erupted on October 20, 2021 and emitted a giant column of ash to about
thousands of metres into the sky.
Highlights
No injuries were reported immediately and People were warned not to go towards volcano as it
ejected hot gas and ash.
The volcano ejected gas and ash up to the height of 3,500 metres.
Pale grey torrents of ash rushed down the slopes of the 1,592-metre mountain.
Background
Mount Aso last erupted in the year 2016. The Japan Meteorological Agency had then raised its warning for
Mount Aso to the level that was reported on October 20.
About Mount Aso
Mount Aso is the largest active volcano in Japan and one among the largest across the world. The volcano
stands on the island of Kyushu, in Aso Kuju National Park in Kumamoto Prefecture. Its peak is 1,592 meters
above sea level. It has a fairly large caldera, having a circumference of about 120 km. The caldera
dominates the island Kyushu, where it is a popular tourist draw.

Volcano in Japan
Japan is among the world’s most volcanically active countries. It is located on the Pacific “Ring of Fire”
where a large proportion earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are recorded. Japan suffered its deadliest
eruption in the month of September 2014, when Mount Ontake burst unexpectedly. It killed 63 people
Kyushu Island
It is the third largest island out of five main islands. It is mountainous and house to Japan’s active volcano
called Mount Aso.
India's stand in UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference
Second UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference was recently concluded, in which India strongly
opposed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and CPEC projects of China.
Key Points
The UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference was held between October 14 to October 16.
During the conference Indian side noted that, India shares the desire of international community of
enhancing physical connectivity. It believes that, physical connectivity should bring huge economic
benefits for all in a balanced and equitable manner.
Belt and Road initiative (BRI)
The BRI is a multi-billion-dollar initiative which was launched in the year 2013, by Chinese President Xi
Jinping. The project was launched with the aim of enhancing China’s influence. It aims to link Southeast
Asia, Central Asia, Africa, Europe and the Gulf region with a network of land and sea routes.
About China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
CPEC is USD 60 billion project that connects Gwadar Port in the Balochistan region of Pakistan with the
Xinjiang province of China. It is the flagship project under the BRI.
Why India is against CPEC?
Though, expansion and strengthening of physical connectivity is the integral part of economic & diplomatic
initiatives of India. But India has been affected by China’s BRI and China Pakistan Economic Corridor
(CPEC) projects because these projects impinge on India’s sovereignty. India has been opposing this
project because it is being laid through the Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK).
China’s Stand
China is of the view that, CPEC is an economic initiative and has not affected its stand on the Kashmir
issue.
TRUTH Social: Donald Trump's New Social Media Platform
Former US President, Donald Trump, has launched his own social media network called “TRUTH Social”.
Key Facts
This platform was launched after Donald Trump faced bans from Facebook and Twitter.
Trump’s social media platform will stand up to the pattern of Big Tech.
This app is likely to be the first project of “Trump Media and Technology Group (TMTG)” following its
merger with Digital World Acquisition Group. Former US president, Trump, is the chairman of the
group.
Why trump launched this platform?
Former president of United States launched this platform as his social media accounts either got
temporarily suspended or even banned due to his controversial posts. Accounts were suspended following
the attack on the Capitol back in January 2021.
Trump Media and Technology Group (TMTG)
This newly merged entity is chaired by Trump. It will form a rival for the liberal media consortium. The
company was established through a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). SPAC is a popular

vehicle for several transactions such as transitioning a “private company” to “publicly traded company”.
Such companies are often dubbed as “blank check companies.”
About TRUTH Social
TRUTH Social app is up for pre-registration in Apple App Store. Its Beta version will be available to only
invitees from November 2021. However, it will be rolled out country-wide in first quarter of 2022.
Konkan Shakti Exercise - Key Facts
The United Kingdom (UK) and India are set to launch their biggest joint military exercise called “Konkan
Shakti”.
Key Facts
In the exercise, there will be re-entry of UK’s Carrier Strike Group (CSG) into western Indian Ocean
waters.
The CSG, along with HMS Queen Elizabeth, has been on deployment in the Indo-Pacific waters for all
summer.
Military of the UK engaged with their counterparts in Singapore and Bangladesh. They also did a “non-
provocative deployment” in South China Sea.
Deployment of CSG is significant for the UK as it is the biggest deployment after the end of Cold War.
Entrance of CSG into Indian Waters
CSG will enter into Indian waters on October 21 while one of the ships will dock in to the Mumbai port. It will
stay at anchorage and some invited guests will be taken on board. The UK’s foreign secretary Elizabeth
Truss will be in Mumbai for senior level discussions on a range of topics, including maritime propulsion
technology, which the UK is keen to sell to the Indian Navy. The UK has an integrated electrical propulsion
technology which it hopes to sell for future ships in the Indian Navy.
About Konkan Shakti
Konkan Shakti is the first tri-service exercise between India and United Kingdom.
Ajeya Warrior
Ajeya Warrior is an Army exercise between both the countries. It is ongoing in Uttarakhand in which about
120 British soldiers are participating.
RBI fines Paytm Payments Bank and Western Union
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed monetary penalty on two payment system operators viz., Paytm
Payments Bank Ltd (PBBL) as well as Western Union Financial Services Inc.
Key Points
RBI levied a penalty of Rs 1 crore on PBBL. Penalty was imposed because of an offence related to
Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act).
It levied a penalty of Rs 27.78 lakh on Western Union Financial Services, which is a cross-border in-
bound service operator. Fine was imposed for non-compliance with certain directions that were
issued by the central bank.
Offense by PBBL
In the application for issue of final Certificate of Authorisation (CoA) of PBBL, RBI observed that PPBL had
submitted information which did not reflect the factual position. This was an offence of the nature in
accordance with Section 26 (2) of the PSS Act.
Offense by Western Union
Western Union reported the case of breach in ceiling of 30 remittances per beneficiary during 2019 and
2020. It filed an application for compounding of the violation.
Western Union Company
It is an American multinational financial services company. It is headquartered in Denver, Colorado. The

company was founded in the year 1851 as “New York and Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company”.
In the year 1856, company changed its name to the Western Union Telegraph Company.
Paytm Payments Bank (PBB)
The Indian payments bank called PBB was founded in 2015. It is headquartered in Noida. PBB received the
license to run a payments bank from RBI in 2015. It was finally launched in November 2017.
India set to touch 100 crore Covid vaccination mark
India crossed another significant milestone in its fight against the covid-19 pandemic on October 21, 2021.
It touched the mark of 100 crore Covid vaccinations including the first as well as second doses.
Key Points
On the other hand, India reported 18,454 new cases in last 24 hours.
Currently, the active caseload stands at 1,78,831.
Recovery rate stands at 98.15 per cent, accounting for highest since March 2020.
With 160 Covid patients lost life to Covid-19 infection in last 24 hours, total death now stands around
4.52 lakh.
Vaccination count
Data on vaccine shows that, India’s inoculation drive has been fairly equitable. More than 65 per cent of
total vaccine doses are being administered across rural areas. 74 per cent of the estimated adult population
have received first dose of the vaccine while 31 per cent are fully vaccinated.
India’s vaccination drive
India started its COVID-19 vaccination drive on January 16, 2021. As of October 21, 2021, India has crossed
100 crores mark, including first and second doses. About half of the eligible population has got at least one
shot, while 19 per cent have received both the doses. India initially approved Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine
and Covaxin. Later, these vaccines were joined by the Sputnik V, Johnson & Johnson vaccine, Moderna
vaccines and ZyCoV-D.
First Phase of Vaccination
In the first phase of vaccination, about 30 million health who were directly dealing with Covid-19 patients as
well as frontline workers received the vaccine. In subsequent phases, vaccination plan was rolled out for
other people.
Parambikulam Tiger Conservation Foundation wins Earth Guardian Award
The Parambikulam Tiger Conservation Foundation (PaTCoF) has won the “Earth Guardian Award” which was
instituted by the NatWest Group.
Key Points
PaTCoF is a non-profit organisation under forest department which seeks to facilitate conservation of
tiger and biodiversity in the Parambikulam tiger reserve.
Eight winners of the award were felicitated by secretary general of “UN Convention on International
Trade in the Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora”, Ivonne Higuero in a virtual ceremony on
October 20, 2021.
About Earth Guardian Award
These awards were instituted by NatWest Group India. They are part of an initiative which recognises the
efforts of individuals and institutions that are working to subvert the climate change by conserving &
preserving biodiversity in India.
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve also includes erstwhile Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, which is spread
across 391 square kilometres. It is a protected area in Palakkad district of Kerala. It was established in
1973. The sanctuary lies in the Sungam range of hills in between Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathy Hills.

Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary was declared a part of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve in 2010. Tiger reserve
implements the Participatory Forest Management Scheme (PFMS).
Is it a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
The Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is currently under consideration for selection as World Heritage Site,
by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.
Indigenous Peoples
The sanctuary is home to four different tribes of indigenous peoples namely, Malasar, Kadar, Mala Malarsar
and Muduvar. These people are settled in six colonies. People of these tribal colonies are working as guides
for treks and safaris. They are provided employment through several eco-tourism initiatives.
October 22, 2021
Global Food Security Index 2021
Tenth edition of the Global Food Security Index was published recently. In the index, India has been ranked
at 71st position.
Highlights
The Global Food Security (GFS) Index 2021 was prepared by analysing data from 113 countries.
On the other hand, recently, India was ranked at 101st position in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2021.
About Global Food Security Index (GFS)
The GFS Index is sponsored by Corteva Agriscience while it is designed & constructed by London-based
Economist Impact. The index is published every year. GFS measures the underlying drivers of food security
on the basis of understated factors:
1. Affordability
2. Availability
3. Quality and Safety
4. Natural Resources and Resilience
Index considers 58 unique food security indicators like income & economic inequality. It also calls for
attention to the systemic gaps and actions which are required to accelerate the progress toward
Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger by 2030.
Key Findings of the report
Countries like Ireland, Austria, Finland, the UK, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Japan, Canada, the US
and France shared the top rank. Their overall GFS score was in the range of 77.8 and 80 points.
India has been ranked at 71st position out of 113 countries. Its overall score is 57.2 points.
India performed better than Pakistan (75th), Sri Lanka (77th), Nepal (79th) and Bangladesh (84th).
China has been ranked way ahead of India at 34th.
However, incremental gains by India in overall food security score were lagging behind of Pakistan,
Nepal and Bangladesh, over the period of ten years.
What are the Concerns?
Global food security has decreased for the second consecutive year after seven years of progress with
respect to Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger. Though countries have made significant progress
towards addressing food insecurity in last ten years, but food systems still remain vulnerable to climatic,
economic, and geopolitical shocks.
UN sets up Special Trust fund for Afghanistan
The United Nations has set up a special trust fund on October 21, 2021 for Afghanistan, in order to provide
urgently needed cash directly to Afghans.
Highlights
This special trust fund was set up through a system by tapping into donor funds which was frozen
since the Taliban takeover in August 2021.

It was set up with the aim of injecting liquidity into Afghan households in a bid to permit them to
survive the upcoming winter and remain in their homeland.
Germany is a first contributor to the fund. It had pledged 50 million euros ($58 million) for it. Germany
was also in touch with other donors to mobilise the resources.
Why this fund was created?
According to United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), about 97% of Afghan households might be
living below the poverty line by mid-2022. Thus, fund was set up to stabilise people’s economy and save
their lives & livelihood.
Economy of Afghanistan
As per International Monetary Fund (IMF), economy of Afghanistan was set to contract up to 30% in the year
2021. It will further fuel the refugee crisis which will also be affecting neighbouring countries like Turkey
and Europe.
Economic impact of Taliban’s takeover
As the Taliban took over Afghanistan, billions of the assets in central bank got frozen and several
international financial institutions suspend their access to funds. Though humanitarian aid continued. As a
result of this, banks in Afghanistan are running out of money, food prices have increased and civil servants
have not been paid.
Barbados elects first ever President
The Caribbean Island called Barbados, in a bid to become a republic, has elected its first ever president.
Highlights
This is a key step in preparations for becoming a republic.
This move will also remove Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II as head of state of Barbados.
Sandra Mason, who is the current governor-general of the island, will sworn in as president on
November 30, 2021.
November 30 marks the 55th anniversary of independence of Barbados from Britain.
Background
Sandra Mason had announced the break with Britain in September 2020 and said that, time has come to
fully leave the colonial past behind.
British Control on the nation
Barbados was claimed by the British in the year 1625. It has been referred as “Little England” sometimes,
because of its loyalty to British customs.
About Barbados
Barbados is an island country, located in Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, it is the most easterly part of
the Caribbean Islands. The country has a length of 34 kilometres & width of 23 km. It covers an covering an
area of 432 km2. The country is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its largest city is Bridgetown,
which also happens to be its capital.
Tourist Destination
The island country is relatively prosperous and a popular tourist destination. Before the covid-19 pandemic,
more than a million tourists used to visit its idyllic beaches and crystalline waters every year. The island is
also well-known for the birthplace of superstar singer Rihanna.
Intel Unnati Data-Centric Labs
Intel has announced the launch of “Intel Unnati Program” on October 21, 2021 in order to help equip
engineering students in India with data-centric skills that are relevant for industry.

Key Points
Intel has also planned to setup 100 Intel Unnati Data Centric Labs by the year 2022.
This program was launched in order to bring academia and industry together for addressing the skills
gap in new age technologies.
Programme also focuses on technology inclusion and seeks to broaden the access
to technology infrastructure for educational institutions in all tiers.
These educational institutions will also get a choice of lab variants to suit their budgets as well as on
the basis of where they stand in their infrastructure and technology journey.
Features of Unnati Lab
Each Intel Unnati lab comprises of Intel-recommended hardware & software stack, course content
and co-branded course completion certificates for students.
Presently, these labs are available for artificial intelligence (AI), AI Internet of Things (AIIoT) and
FPGA solutions, with multiple other technologies in the pipeline such as smart mobility and security.
Through these labs, students will get access to cutting edge technologies such as server setup, IoT
set ups, multiple funnels of data coming in etc.
It will also enable the leading-edge R&D capability to students in university premises. They will not
require to wait for completing graduation and join company like Intel.
Which colleges are part of this programme?
Intel Unnati Program has been launched across 15 colleges which are in process to set up Centres of
Excellence in their campuses. Currently, these labs are operational in 3 institutes like Galgotias University
(UP), Vinayaka Mission in Tamil Nadu and OPJU in Chhattisgarh. Other colleges which are part of this
programme are-
1. IIIT Dharwad in Karnataka,
2. Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) in Andhra Pradesh
3. Amrita University in Tamil Nadu & Kerala
4. Yeswant Rao Chavan Engineering College in Maharashtra
5. T John Engineering College in Karnataka
6. Marwadi University in Gujarat
7. SRM University in Tamil Nadu
8. Hindustan University in Tamil Nadu
9. LPU in Punjab etc.
HDFC Bank, Mastercard, USAID commit $100-mn credit facility
HDFC Bank, Mastercard and USAID have committed $100-mn credit facility with the aim to expand lending
to small businesses.
Key Points
New credit facility will help small businesses that require financing for maintaining and growing their
operations.
The credit facility will also enable recovery by means of digitisation.
It emphasises on providing support to women-led businesses. 50 percent of the credit facility will be
used to lend such businesses.
This partnership has been designed in a manner that, HDFC Bank will look beyond its existing
customer base. It will provide at least 50 per cent of the credit facility for the new small business
borrowers.
HDFC bank has planned to achieve this goal by using its extensive nationwide branch network.

Mastercard-CII & CAIT collaboration

Mastercard has collaborated with Confederation of All Indian Traders (CAIT) and Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) to provide skills training and education to the owners of small business with their digitisation
options and help them in growing their revenue by means of “Mastercard Centre for Inclusive Growth”.
Mastercard has committed Rs 250 crore for this. DFC and USAID are also facilitating for the extension of
credit facility by de-risking the lending by HDFC Bank to small business owners.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
USAID is an independent agency working under the United States federal government. The body is
responsible for administering the civilian foreign aid and development assistance. It is one of the largest
official aid agencies across the world. It accounts for about half of all U.S. foreign assistance.
FATF adds Turkey to Grey List; Pak retained
Global terror financing watchdog, Financial Action Task Force (FATF), retained Pakistan on the ‘Grey List of
countries’.
Key Points
This time, the watchdog had added three new countries namely Turkey, Jordan & Mali, to the Grey
List.
As per FATF, there was no question of blacklisting Pakistan for now as Pakistan is cooperating and
only four action items remain to be completed.
FATF asked Pakistan to investigate and prosecute UN-designated terror terrorists like Hafiz Saeed
and Masood Azhar.
It also asked Pakistan to address its strategically important deficiencies.
Background
FATF had retained Pakistan on its ‘Grey List’ in June 2021 as it failed to check money laundering, that lead
to terror financing. Pakistan was first placed on the Grey List in June 2018. Since then, it continues to be in
this list as it fails to comply with the mandates of FATF.
What does inclusion in the list mean?
With the placing on the Grey list, it has become increasingly difficult for Pakistan to get financial aid from
any international institutions like World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union and Asian
Development Bank (ADB).
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
FATF is an intergovernmental organisation. It was founded in the year 1989 following the initiative of G7
grouping for developing the policies to combat money laundering. FATF mandate was expanded in the year
2001, to include terrorism financing.
Objectives of FATF
The key objectives of FATF include:
1. Setting standards and promote effective implementation of regulatory, legal, and operational
measures to combat terrorist financing, money laundering and other related threats.
2. Generating necessary political will for bringing national legislative and regulatory reforms across
these areas.
UPSC launches helpline for job aspirants
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has launched a toll-free helpline number for job aspirants,
recently.
Highlights
This facility can be used by the government job aspirants belonging to economically weaker sections
and backward classes.

Helpline number will be operational on all the working days in office hours.
This initiative is a part of UPSC’s efforts of undertaking queries of such candidates in a friendly
manner. It is also a part of celebrations under the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’, commemorating the
75th anniversary of India’s Independence.
Objective of UPSC Helpline
The toll-free number was launched with the objective of helping candidates in filling up application forms or
resolving their queries related to the examinations or recruitments of UPSC. The toll-free number is
“1800118711” and it seeks to assist candidates belonging to Other Backward Classes (OBC), Scheduled
Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) besides the Persons with
Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD).
About UPSC
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is the premier central recruiting agency of India, for central
government public servants. The body is responsible for appointments and examinations for Group A and
Group B posts under civil services cadre as well as defence services cadre of the central government.
UPSC Charter
The charter of UPSC is granted by Part XIV of the Indian Constitution. It is mandated by the Constitution to
make appointments to the Union services and All India Services. It requires government’s opinion in matters
related to the appointment, promotion, transfer and disciplinary matters. It directly reports to the President.
MoRD: 152 SAKSHAM Centres launched under DAY-NRLM
Ministry of Rural Development launched 152 SAKSHAM centres under the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana –
National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM). These centres were launched as a part of Azadi ka Amrit
Mahotsav.
Key Points
About 152 Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (or SAKSHAM Centres) were
launched across 77 districts in 13 states, during October 4 to 8, 2021.
These centres would act as one stop solution or single window system for the basic financial needs
of Self-Help Group (SHG) households across the rural areas.
Objectives of the centre
These centres were launched with the objective of providing financial literacy and facilitating the delivery of
financial services like credit, savings, pensions, insurance, etc. These facilities will be provided to SHG
members and rural poor.
Who will manage these centres?
These centres will be managed by SHG network, at the level of “Cluster Level Federations (CLFs)”. Trained
Community Resource Persons (CRPs) will also help in maintaining the centres.
Trained Community Resource Persons (CRPs)
Trained CRPs are given six days residential training at the Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
(RSETIs), which are established by the Lead Bank of the district.
SAKSHAM App
This mobile & web-based application has been launched by Ministry of Rural Development. The community
resource person of the Centre will use this application for knowing the penetration of several financial
services for each SHG & village, identifying major gaps as well as for providing training & delivering the
required financial services. Application will also measure the impact of the programme for mid-course
correction in the strategy on regular interval.
NITI Aayog AIM's digi-book- Innovations for You
NITI Aayog’s Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) launched a new digi-book-called “Innovations for You” in a bid to

showcase the success stories of start-ups set up under the Atal Innovation Mission in different domains.
First Edition of the Book
First edition of the book is focused on innovations in Health Care.
It showcases 45 start-ups which have worked to create new, innovative & disruptive products,
services & solutions.
These services and solutions will pave a path for sustainable future in health care sector.
The Digi-book series would soon include other sectors as well.
NITI Aayog’s Digi Book
NITI aayog has launched the DIGI book, as India is celebrating the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
Digi-book is a compilation of 45 health tech start-ups. These start-ups have been incubated at the
Atal Incubation Centres across the country.
These start-ups have been leveraging technologies such as AI, IoT, ICT and others for providing
socially relevant solutions to health issues like neonatal & child care, mental health, dental care,
anaemia and monitoring human vitals.
Aim of the book
The Digi-book was launched with the aim of serving as an encouragement for upcoming entrepreneurs in
order to work on the path of creativity and imagination for addressing some of the pressing challenges in
India. It also aims to showcase best innovations and entrepreneurs to bring them the forefront.
Significance
This book will showcase how young India is slowly and steadily progressing towards becoming a world-
class leader.
Atal Innovation Mission
It is a flagship initiative by NITI Aayog launched with the aim of promoting innovation and entrepreneurship
culture in India. This mission was launched with the objective of creating an umbrella structure for
revolutionising innovation ecosystem of India.
Nuri: South Korea's First Homegrown Space Rocket
South Korea has launched its first ever space rocket on October 21, 2021. This is the first rocket completely
developed and built in South Korea. However, it failed to successfully deploy a test satellite into orbit.
Highlights
The rocket is called as “Nuri”.
It is a 47-meter rocket that was lifted off, with bright yellow fire shooting from the engines.
The rocket was launched from Naro Space Center, South Korea. This space centre is located on a
small island on the southern coast of South Korea.
About Nuri Spacecraft
Nuri is the South Korea’s first space launch vehicle, that was developed and built completely using the
South Korean technology. It is a three-stage rocket and is powered by five rocket engines for completing its
first and second stages. Another engine is used in the final stage of the rocket. Rocket is designed to carry
a payload of around 1.5 tons to an orbit between 600 to 800 kilometres above Earth.
Why this mission failed?
This mission failed because the third-stage engine stopped burning some 50 seconds earlier than it was
expected. This in turn prevented the payload from reaching its right speed for reaching into the orbit.
Second attempt of the Nuri spacecraft have been planned for May.
Significance of the launch
South Korea was earlier dependent on other countries for launching its satellites since early 1990s. Now it
is trying to become the 10th country to send satellite into space using its own technology.

US List of ‘Countries of concern’ on climate

The United States categorised India as a ‘country of concern’ on climate in the assessment of the American
Intelligence Community in its report called “National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on climate”.
Highlights
India was put in this category along with 10 other countries namely, Afghanistan, Haiti, Colombia,
Myanmar, Pakistan, Iraq, North Korea, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.
These countries will bear the brunt of global warming such as intensifying & more frequent heat
waves & droughts and water & power scarcity.
As per report, intelligence community has assessed that these countries will face “warming
temperatures, extreme weather, as well as disruption to ocean patterns which will also threaten their
food, water energy, and health security”.
Frequent heat waves and droughts will create water supply volatility and might strain their electric
utility operations, while growing population & economies will increase the electricity demands to
handle rising temperatures.
As per report, frequent and intense cyclones will contaminate water sources and increase vector
populations & diseases they transmit in some of the 11 countries.
Report suggests that, instances of dengue will probably increase in countries like India, Haiti,
Afghanistan, Guatemala, Iraq, Honduras, and Pakistan.
National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) report
This was the first ever “National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on climate”. It was put together by US Office of
the Director of National Intelligence. The IC (Intelligence Community) had identified 11 countries as well as
two regions of concern with respect to threat from climate change.
US successfully tests Hypersonic Missile Technology
The United States has successfully tested the hypersonic missile technology on October 20, 2021.
Highlights
Hypersonic Missile Technology is a new weapons system which is already being deployed by Russia
and China.
The test was conducted at a NASA facility in Wallops, Virginia.
It is a significant step in development of a Navy-designed common hypersonic missile.
This test by US demonstrated advanced hypersonic technologies, prototype systems and capabilities
in a realistic operating environment.
Hypersonic missiles such as traditional ballistic missiles can fly at five times the speed of sound that
is, Mach 5.
These missiles are more manoeuvrable as compared to their ballistic counterparts.
Purpose of the Missile
Missile will be used to trace a low trajectory in atmosphere by making them harder to defend.
China’s Hypersonic Missile
China had conducted a test of Hypersonic Missile with nuclear capacity in August 2021. China’s hypersonic
missile completed a circuit of Earth before landing. However, it missed its target. According to China, it was
a routine test for a spacecraft rather than a missile. China launched hypersonic medium-range missile
called “DF-17” in the year 2019. This hypersonic missile can travel about 2000 kilometres and can carry
nuclear warheads.
Russia’s Hypersonic Missile
Russia also launched a hypersonic missile called the Zircon, recently. It was launched from a submarine. It
also has Avangard Missiles in service since late 2019. The Avangard can travel at a speed up to Mach 27.

October 23, 2021

Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award
The 52nd International Film Festival of India (IFFI) is going to held in Goa from November 20 to November
28, 2021 in which Hungarian filmmaker Istvan Szabo and Hollywood icon Martin Scorsese will be honoured
with “Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award”.
Istvan Szabo
Istvan Szabo is the most notable Hungarian filmmakers. He has been known outside the Hungarian-
speaking world since 1960s.
He achieved his greatest international success with movie called Mephisto (1981). For this, he was
awarded with an Oscar in the best foreign language film category.
Martin Scorsese
He is one of the greatest and most influential directors in film history. He established filmmaking history in
nine films made with Robert De Niro, such as biographical sports drama Raging Bull (1980) and
psychological thriller Taxi Driver (1976). He has also been known for his collaborations with actor Leonardo
DiCaprio. Scorsese directed Leonardo in five films namely, Gangs of New York (2002), The Aviator (2004),
The Departed (2006), Shutter Island (2010) and The Wolf of Wall Street (2013).
52nd International Film Festival of India
52nd International film Festival of India is scheduled to organise from November 20 to November 28, 2021 in
Goa. It will be held in hybrid form like its 51st edition. In the year 2021, to mark the birth centenary of
Satyajit Rai, Directorate of Film Festivals will pay tribute to him by means of a ‘Special Retrospective’. An
award named “Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Cinema, will be given on the
occasion to recognise auteur’s legacy.
Satyajit Ray
He was an Indian film director, documentary filmmaker, scriptwriter, essayist, author, illustrator, lyricist,
magazine editor, calligrapher, and music composer. He is considered as one of the greatest filmmakers of
all time.
Global Threat Assessment report 2021
We Protect Global Alliance recently released its Global Threat Assessment report 2021.
Key findings of the report
The report notes that, Child sexual abuse is a chronically underfunded issue.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of child sexual exploitation and abuse online have increased.
In the last two years, reporting of child sexual exploitation and online abuse cases has reached its
highest level.
According to “The Internet Watch Foundation”, there is an increase of 77% in child ‘self-generated’
sexual material in between 2019 to 2020. Such instances arose without any apparent external cause.
As per report, currently, 37% children use tools to detect online grooming.
Online Grooming
Online grooming is the situation, in which someone befriends a child online, and builds up their trust in order
to exploit them and cause them harm.
Recommendations made by report
Report suggests following measures to tackle the instances of sexual exploitation and abuse online:
1. Prioritise prevention activities against abuse online
2. Create safe online environments for children
3. Stakeholders, who are having a key role in protecting the children, should work together to improve
the response.
We Protect Global Alliance

We Protect Global Alliance is a global movement of around 200 governments, private sector companies as
well as civil society organisations who are working together to transform the global response to child
sexual exploitation as well as abuse online.
Fourth general assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA)
Fourth general assembly of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was held virtually between October 18 to
October 21, 2021.
Highlights
Assembly was presided by Union Minister of power, new & renewable energy, R.K. Singh and
President of ISA Assembly.
108 countries participated in the ISA Assembly, including 34 observer & prospective countries and 74
Member Countries.
It was also participated by 23 Partner Organizations and 33 Special Invitee Organisations.
During the meeting countries discussed that how MSME clusters can replace diesel gensets with
hydrogen.
Discussion was focused on how ISA’s waste management programme will be significant for the
growing volume of waste & toxic materials, high cost of waste treatment and lack of waste specific
legislation.
They also discussed an update on One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative. This concept of
a single global grid for solar was proposed at First Assembly of the ISA in 2018.
Two New programme
During the assembly, countries launched two new programmes namely- Management of Solar PV panels &
battery usage waste and Solar Hydrogen programme.
1. Solar Hydrogen Programme: Solar Hydrogen Programme was launched with the aim of enabling the
use of solar electricity in order produce hydrogen at more affordable rate as compared to what is
available currently that is USD 5 per KG. This aim will be achieved by reducing it to USD 2 per KG.
Partnership with Bloomberg Philanthropies
The ISA also announced a partnership with Bloomberg Philanthropies in order to mobilize $1 trillion in
global investments for solar energy among the member countries of ISA. The two organizations will work
with World Resources Institute (WRI) in a bid to develop a “Solar Investment Action Agenda” as well as a
“Solar Investment Roadmap”. Both will be launched at COP26.
ABHYAS: DRDO tests High-Speed Expendable Aerial Target
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully tested the high-speed expendable
aerial target (HEAT) called ABHYAS on October 22, 2021.
Key Points
ABHYAS high-speed expendable aerial target will be used to evaluate several missile systems,
It was tested from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Bay of Bengal in Odisha.
Who developed ABHYAS?
ABHYAS has been designed and developed by the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) of DRDO,
headquartered in Bengaluru.
About ABHYAS
The flight test of ABHYAS was carried out as a part of developmental flight trials. To produce them, an
expression of interest has already been floated for the Indian industries. This indigenous target aircraft will
meet the requirements of High-speed Expendable Aerial Targets (HEAT) after its development. It is being
developed for the Indian Armed Forces.

Features of ABHYAS
ABHYAS is powered by a gas turbine engine due to which, aircraft will sustain a long endurance flight at a
subsonic speed. This target aircraft has been equipped with MEMS-based Inertial Navigation System (INS)
in order to navigation along with Flight Control Computer (FCC) for guidance and control. It has been
programmed for fully autonomous flight. The check-out of air vehicle is completed through a laptop-based
Ground Control Station (GCS).
Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)
ADA was established in the year 1984, under the Department of Defence Research and Development (DR&D)
of Ministry of Defence. It looks after the development of India’s Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme. It
has already developed HAL Tejas and currently involved in developing HAL AMCA, DRDO Ghatak and HAL
TEDBF.
China's New Education law
China passed its New Education Law on October 23, 2021 with the aim of cutting the “twin pressures” of
homework and off-site tutoring in the core subjects.
Background
This law is new, in series of China’s assertive paternal hand in the year 2021. China took several assertive
moves ranging from:
1. Tackling addiction of youngsters to online games,
2. Deemed a form of spiritual opium
3. Clamp down on blind worship of internet celebrities.
On October 18, 2021, Parliament of China noted that, it will consider legislation for punishing parents if their
young children exhibit “bad behaviour” or “commit crimes”.
About the new law
The new law has made the local governments responsible to ensure that the twin pressures on children are
reduced. It also asks parents to arrange the time of their children to account for reasonable rest and
exercise in order to reduce pressure and avoid overuse of the internet. New law also cut back on homework
and banned after-school tutoring for some major subjects on weekend and holidays.
Other steps by government
In recent months, education ministry of China has limited gaming hours for minors. It only allows them to
play online for one hour on days like Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
Education in China
In China, education is primarily managed by the state-run public education system. It falls under the Ministry
of Education. As per law, all citizens in China are required to attend school for a minimum of nine years
called as “nine-year compulsory education”. Compulsory education is funded by the government.
RBI proposes minimum 11.5% capital for four AIFIs
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) proposed a minimum of 11.5% capital for four all India financial institutions
(AIFI).
Key Facts
This minimum capital was proposed in accordance with Basel III framework for raising the resilience
of AIFI in periods of stress.
Stricter capital norms would be applicable to National Housing Bank, Exim Bank, Small Industries
Development Bank of India and National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development from the fiscal
year 2022.
As per RBI, these institutions should have a minimum total capital at 9% from April 1, 2022 as well as
a minimum capital buffer at 2.5%.

Minimum common equity tier 1 (CET1) capital of these institutions would be 5.5% on the other hand,
minimum tier 1 capital requirement has been proposed at 7%.
These entities are required to adopt standardized approaches for measurement of capital charge for
market risk and credit risk.
RBI also proposes that, the insurance and non-financial subsidiaries, joint ventures or associates of
AIFI, with 10% of common share capital, should not be consolidated for capital adequacy.
Why RBI proposed new norms?
RBI proposed stricter capital norms because, as Indian economy is growing, AIFIs are being considered as a
key institution for promoting the flow of direct or indirect credit to the economic sectors they serve to. Thus,
Basel III Capital framework has been proposed to the AIFIs.
All India Financial Institutions (AIFI)
AIFI is a group comprising of financial regulatory bodies and development finance institutions which play a
significant role in financial markets. They are also known as financial instruments. They assist in proper
allocation of resources, that are sourced from businesses which have a surplus. Financial institutions act as
an intermediary between final lenders and borrowers in order to provide safety and liquidity.
India-UK talks on Infra, Defence
External Affairs Minister of India S Jaishankar and British Foreign Secretary, Liz Truss held talks on
Infrastructure and Defence on October 22, 2021.
Key Points
The talk was focused on infrastructure investment, defence cooperation and security cooperation.
Liz Truss is also expected to announce a series of technological and infrastructure tie-ups with India
for boosting the Indian as well as British economies. These tie-ups will also help the developing
countries to grow in sustainable and clean manner.
Both the ministers also reviewed the “Roadmap 2030” which was launched during India-UK Virtual
Summit on May 4, 2021.
India-UK defence deal
Both the countries also agreed to strengthen cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. They also stressed on the
need of safe and unhindered access for humanitarian aid in Afghanistan.
Significance of the move
Closer ties in the areas like tech and infrastructure will help in creating jobs and brining growth in both the
countries. It will also boost developing world economies and help both the countries in promoting their
values on global stage.
Roadmap 2030
India and the UK unveiled the ambitious 10-year roadmap after a virtual summit between Prime Minister
Narendra Modi and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson. This roadmap seeks to boost cooperation along
the key areas, like defence, security and healthcare. On the occasion, they had also announced an
enhanced trade partnership. Under the trade partnership, they agreed to negotiate a balanced and
comprehensive Free Trade Agreement including an interim trade pact to deliver early gains.
Indian Navy to conduct Offshore Sailing Regatta
To commemorate Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav, Indian Navy is conducting an Offshore Sailing Regatta under
the aegis of Indian Naval Sailing Association (INSA).
Key Points
Offshore Sailing Regatta is being conducted from Kochi to Goa.
In the event, Six Indian Naval Sailing Vessels namely, Tarini, Mhadei, Neelkanth, Bulbul, Kadal Pura
and Hariyal will participate.

The race is scheduled to start from 24th October and will run for a tentative duration of five days.
Sailing vessels would cover an approximate distance of 360 nautical miles between Kochi to Goa.
Aim of the expedition
The expedition is being conducted with the sim of fostering the spirit of adventure and ocean sailing for
participating crew.
Who will sail the vessels?
Each of the six Indian Naval Sailing Vessels, comprising of four 40 footers and two 56 footers, will be
manned by six naval personnel who will be drawn from three Commands of Navy, IHQ MoD (Navy) and the
ANC. Apart from the sailing vessels, Ocean Yachts from Yachting Association of India will also take part in
the event.
Who is organising the event?
The event is being organised by HQSNC and Ocean Sailing Node of Indian Navy, which is located at INS
Mandovi in Goa.
Practice session
Participants of the event have been practicing over the last one month. They have also undergone a Capsule
Course at Kochi in order to hone their skills. Participants from Indian Navy include Captain Atool Sinha,
Captain Vipul Meherishi, Lieutenant Commander Payal Gupta, Lieutenant Commander K Pednekar. They
have won medals in several events at the National level.
India hands over Jaynagar-Kurtha rail link to Nepal
India has handed over 34.9 km long cross-border rail link to Nepal government, that connects Jayanagar in
Bihar to Kurtha in Nepal.
Key Points
The ceremony took place on October 22, 2021 in the presence of Indian ambassador to Nepal Vinay M.
Kwatra and Nepal minister for physical Infrastructure & transport Renu Kumari Yadav.
About Jaynagar-Kurtha Section of rail link
The Jaynagar – Kurtha section of rail link is the part of 68.7 km Jaynagar – Bijalpura- Bardidas rail link. It
was built under the grant assistance programme of Indian government. Under the grant assistance of India,
gauge conversion of 34.9 km narrow gauge has been completed. The project has completed at a cost of Rs
619 crore. It has five stations in the section namely, Jayanagar, Khajuri, Inarwa, Baidehi and Kurtha near
Janakpur in Nepal. The highest fare will likely be Rs 70 for general class and Rs 300 for AC for the entire
journey. The train will run at 115 km per hour and the distance will be covered in 23 minutes.
Significance of the rail link
This operationalised cross-border rail link is likely to enhance trade and commerce activities. It will also
enhance people to people linkage between both the countries.
Jainagar or Jaynagar
It is a town and a notified area in the Madhubani district of Bihar. As per 2011 census, Jainagar had a
population of 1,77,556. Males account for 53% of the population while females account for 47%. The town
has an average literacy rate of 58%.
October 23: Karnataka celebrates Kittur Rani Chennamma Jayanthi
Indian state of Karnataka is celebrating “Kittur Rani Chennamma Jayanthi” on October 23, 2021.
Highlights
On the occasion, Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj S Bommai garlanded the statue of Queen in
Hubbali in Dharwad district.
A sum of 50 crore rupees will be sanctioned in the year 2021 for the Kittur Development Authority.

Kittur Chennamma
Kittur Chennamma was born on October 23, 1778. She belonged to the Lingayat community. She married
Raja Mallasarja from the Desai family when she was 15. She was Indian Queen of Kittur which was a
princely state in Karnataka. She led an armed rebellion in the year 1824, against the British East India
Company (BEIC). She rebelled in confrontation of the doctrine of lapse in a bid to maintain Indian control
over the region. In the fight, she defeated the British. However, she was dead in the imprisonment of second
rebellion by BEIC. She was one of the first female rulers who rebel against British rule. She became a folk
hero in Karnataka. She also became a symbol of independence movement in India.
About Kittur
Kittur is a taluka in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It was the part of Bailhongal taluka. On October 23, 2012
it was declared as an independent taluka by the Chief Minister of Karnataka. It is 177th Taluk of the State.
Saudi Green Initiative Forum
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has opened the “Saudi Green Initiative forum” on October 23, 2021.
Key Facts
The forum was launched in Riyadh, along with the announcement of Saudi Arabia’s new “green”
objectives.
The forum will discuss the environmental efforts made by Saudi Arabia with guests including
international personalities and high-profile government leaders.
In this forum, Saudi Arabia also announced the roadmap of Saudi Arabia for protecting environment
and confronting climate change.
It is an annual forum, which will serve as a platform for the launch new environmental initiatives of
the country.
It will also monitor the impact of previously announced environmental initiatives.
Initiatives in energy sector
Saudi Arabia also launched initiatives in the energy sector. These initiatives would reduce carbon
emissions by 278 million tons annually by the year 2030.
Crown price also announced the accession of Saudi Arabia to the Global Methane Pledge. This
pledge was launched with the aim of reducing methane emissions across the globe by 30 percent.
He also announced Saudi Arabia’s intention of joining Global Oceans Alliance, Sports for Climate
Action Agreement, Alliance to Eliminate Plastic Waste in Oceans & Beaches as well as to establish a
global centre for Sustainable Tourism.
Saudi Arabia would also be joining a Non-Profit foundation for exploring the seas and oceans.
Middle East Green Initiative Summit
Saudi Arabia also look forward for joining Middle East Green Initiative Summit. It will be hosted with the aim
of synergizing and coordinating efforts among countries to develop plans for reaching the target under
Middle East Green Initiative.
COP26: Bangladesh to share ‘Climate prosperity plan’
Bangladesh has planned to present its “climate prosperity plan” at the upcoming United Nations climate
talks in Glasgow.
Key Points
Climate prosperity plan will be presented with the aim of mitigating the effects of global warming on
economic development.
This plan will also visualise boosting the renewable energy.
It will make agriculture more resistant to climate shocks.
The plan also seeks to find solutions in nature to challenges created by global warming, like restoring

mangroves for protecting coasts from cyclones.

The South Asian nation, Bangladesh, will also encourage other vulnerable countries as well in drafting
their own plans.
About COP26
26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) has been scheduled from October 31 to November 12 in
Glasgow, Scotland. In the conference, representatives from more than 200 countries will gather and discuss
new targets to cut or curb the growth of emissions which contribute to climate change.
Why Bangladesh launched this programme?
In Bangladesh, most of 160 million people are packed into low-lying areas along the Bay of Bengal. This
area is considered as prone to extreme weather, flooding, and loss of farmland due to rising ocean levels.
Thus, to mitigate these challenges, Bangladesh has revealed its plan.
How will Climate Change impact economy?
Bangladesh has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in Asia. Its GDP had increased to $305
billion in 2019, from $6.2 billion in 1972. Some of the experts expect that, GDP will double in size by 2030.
However, climate change might reverse this trend. The country is at the risk of displacement due to sea
level rise, heat waves, severe floods, and cyclones.
Power ministry: New Rules notified to ensure Sustainability
The ministry of power announced new rules to ensure sustainability in the economic viability of the power
sector.
Key Points
New rules will also ease the financial stress of various stakeholders.
It will also ensure timely recovery of costs incurred in the electricity generation.
It will promote clean energy for ensuring the suitability and meet commitment made by India towards
climate change.
What were the concerns?
Investors and other stakeholders across the power sector had been concerned about the timely recovery of
costs incurred due to change in law and curtailment of renewable power.
Electricity Act, 2003
Ministry has notified new rules under the Electricity Act, 2003. They are in the interest of electricity
consumers and stakeholders. The rules comprise of:
1. Electricity (Timely recovery of costs due to Change in Law) Rules, 2021.
2. Electricity (Promotion of generation from renewable sources of energy by addressing Must Run and
other matters) Rules, 2021.
As per ministry, timely recovery of the costs because of change in law is important because investment in
the power sector depends on timely payments.
Energy transition
The energy transition is happening across the world. India has also made commitments for bringing energy
transition. India also announced international commitment for setting up 175 GW of renewable energy (RE)
capacity by 2022 and 450 GW of energy by 2030.
Significance of new rules
New rules will help in achieving the goal of RE generation. Rules will also help in ensuring that the
consumers get green and clean power. They will also secure a healthy environment for future generation.
October 25, 2021
Goa achieves ODF and Electricity for every household
Information and Broadcasting Minister, Anurag Thakur, recently complimented Goa as it achieved ODF and
Electricity for every household.

Key Points
Goa has also become the first state to provide tap water to every household under the “Har Ghar Jal
Mission”.
Apart from that, Goa achieved 100 per cent target to provide free ration to the poor and needy.
It has also completed 100 per cent first dose of covid-19 vaccination.
What is ODF?
The original ODF protocol was issued in the year 2016. According to it, a city or ward is notified as ODF city
or ward if not a single person is found defecating in the open, at any point of the day. The ODF tag is
provided under Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)
What is ODF+?
ODF+ was launched in August 2018 to scale up and sustain the work that cities have undertaken after
achieving the ODF tag under Phase I of SBM-Urban. Cities that had been given ODF tag at least once, are
eligible for SBM-ODF+ status. A city or ward or work circle can be declared ODF+ if not a single person is
found to be defecating or urinating in open. Furthermore, to get this tag, all community & public toilets are
required to be functional & well-maintained.
What is ODF++?
The ODF++ was launched in August 2018. Those cities or ward or work circle are eligible to get the tag,
which have achieved ODF tag under Phase 1 of the SBM-Urban. However, ODF++ protocol adds one
condition that “faecal sludge/septage and sewage is safely managed & treated and there is no discharging
and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/septage in water bodies, drains, or open areas.”
India's first Banni buffalo IVF calf born
On October 23, 2021, India’s first IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) calf of Banni breed of buffaloes was born at a
farmer’s house in Gir Somnath district of Gujarat.
Key Facts
Banni breed of buffalo is found primarily in the Kutch region of Gujarat.
IVC process was carried out in a bid to enhance the number of genetically superior buffaloes for
increasing the milk production.
Banni buffalo, belonging to a dairy farmer, from Dhanej village gave birth to IVF male calf.
How was this process completed?
Embryos of Banni donors were implanted in 18 recipient buffaloes using the IVF technology.
Banni breed had achieved six pregnancies, out of which one calf was born, at the farmer’s firm. More
will be born in few days.
This process was carried out by JKBovagenix of NGO JK Trust which is a social initiative of Raymond
Group.
About Banni buffalo
Banni buffalo are also known as “Kutchi” or “Kundi”. This breed of buffalo is found primarily in Kutch
district of Gujarat.
The word ‘Banni’ is specific to not only the buffaloes but pasture grass species as well, that are native
to this region.
This breed of buffaloes is preserved by a local community of Kutch called the ‘Maldharis’.
Characteristics of Banni buffalo
An average Banni buffalo yields about 12 to 18 litres of milk every day. Thus, they are known for their higher
milk producing capacity as well as resilience in an arid environment. They have a different genetic makeup
as compared to more common breeds, allowing for longer lactation periods & high milk production

potentials.
Study: Life expectancy in India drops by 2 years due to Covid
According to the scientists from a city-based International Institute for Population Studies (IIPS), Covid-19
pandemic has affected the lives of people across the world.
Key Points
As per scientists, in India, covid-19 pandemic has resulted a drop in life expectancy by almost two
years.
Report points out a drop in life expectancy at birth in men as well as women.
In the year 2019, life expectancy at birth was 69.5 years for men while 72 years for women. This is
decreased to 67.5 years for men and 69.8 years for women in the year 2020.
The study also included a factor term called ‘length of life inequality’.
As per study, Covid-19 claimed maximum lives of men among the people aged 39-69.
In the year 2020, the age group 35-79 observed excess deaths due to covid-19 as compared to normal
year.
How is life expectancy calculated?
The life expectancy at birth is calculated based on the average number of years a new-born is expected to
live in case mortality patterns at the time of the birth of infant remain constant in future.
Effect of epidemic on life expectancy
According to the IIPS director, Dr KS James, every time there is some epidemic, the life expectancy at birth
figures changes. For instance, following a HIV-AIDS epidemic in African nations, the life expectancy had
decreased, and once epidemic was brought under control, life expectancy recouped.
Haryana announces Free Education Scheme
Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar, announced a free education scheme in state, to boost the
level of education in the state.
Key Facts
Scheme has been announced to those whose verified family income is lower than Rs. 1.80 lakh per
annum.
This announcement was made by CM, while he was interacting with students who have cracked civil
services exam-2020 and JEE advance exam-2021, during a felicitation programme held at Panchkula.
Announcement was made under Haryana’s ‘Super 100 Programme’.
Through this scheme, the state government seeks to ensure that no talented student, belonging to a poor
family, loses a chance to go with his or her dreams.
NEP 2020 in Haryana
As per New Education Policy-2020, the state is setting up institutions wherein education will be
provided from KG to postgraduate levels.
In the initial phase, this arrangement will be made in four universities.
The Kurukshetra University has already started preparations to take admission under “KG to PG
scheme” for the academic session 2021-22.
Digital reforms
Government has also brought digital reforms in a bid to replace human interface across every wing of
the government.
Online teachers transfer policyhas also been initiated under NEP 2020 in Haryana. 90 percent of
teachers are satisfied.
Government has also been making several other reforms to make system paperless, faceless, and

transparent.
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
NEP 2020 was announced by the Ministry of Education with the aim of transforming Indian education
system for meeting the needs of 21st Century. It seeks to rectify poor literacy & numeracy outcomes related
to primary schools, adopt multi-disciplinary approach, and reduce dropout levels in middle & secondary
schools. It also focuses on reform assessments & exams, and early childhood care.
October 24: United Nations Day
The United Nations Day is observed on October 24, every year since 1948.
Why is this day celebrated?
The day marks the anniversary of the entry of the UN Charter into force in 1945.
What is UN Charter?
The UN Charter is the founding document of the United Nations, which has been working towards
global equality and peace.
With the ratification of this founding document by majority of its signatories, including five permanent
members of the Security Council, the United Nations was officially established in the year 1945.
Since 1948, October 24 has been celebrated as United Nations Day 1971.
On the recommendations of United Nations General Assembly, the day is observed as a public holiday
by the Member States.
History of United Nations
The United Nations was officially established on October 24, 1945, after the UN Charter was ratified by
China, the Soviet Union, France, the United States and the United Kingdom as well as other signatories.
President of United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt had coined the name “United Nations”. He was also the
first to use this name in Declaration by United Nations during Second World War, on January 1, 1942.
Currently, there are 193 Member States and each of them are a member of the UN General Assembly as
well.
When was UN Charter signed?
The UN Charter was signed on June 26, 1945, by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was
not represented at the Conference, signed the charter at later stage and became one among the original 51
Member States.
‘PM Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana’- Key Facts
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to visit Uttar Pradesh on October 15, 2021 and launch Pradhan Mantri
Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana in Varanasi.
Key Points
Earlier on the same day, he inaugurated nine medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh.
PM is also set to inaugurate several development projects worth more than Rs 5200 crore for
Varanasi.
About Prime Minister Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana (PMASBY)
PMASBY is going to be one of the largest pan-India schemes to strengthen healthcare infrastructure across
India. This scheme is being launched in addition to the National Health Mission. It is a central sector
scheme, that targets for building an IT enabled disease surveillance system by means of developing a
network of surveillance laboratories at national, regional, district and block levels.
Objective of PMASBY
PMASBY will be launched with the objective of filling critical gaps in public health infrastructure, with
special focus on critical care facilities & primary care across the urban and rural areas.

Facilities under PMASBY

The scheme will be providing support to 17,788 rural Health and Wellness Centres across 10 High
Focus States.
Under it, around 11,024 urban Health & Wellness Centres will be established across all the States.
Critical care services will be made available through Exclusive Critical Care hospitals, in all the
districts of India having more than 5 lakh population. Remaining districts will be covered by means of
referral services.
People will get access to full range of diagnostic services in Public Healthcare system using a
network of laboratories in India.
Integrated Public Health Labs will be set up under the scheme, in all the districts.
Institutions to be set up under PMASBY
Under PMASBY following institutions would be set up:
A National Institution for One Health
4 New National Institutes for Virology
9 Biosafety Level III laboratories
Regional Research Platform for WHO South-East Asia Region and
5 New Regional National Centre for Disease Control.
SEBI declares state-owned PEC as ‘not fit & proper’
For the first time, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has declared a government-owned
company called “PEC Ltd” as ‘not fit & proper’.
Highlights
PEC Ltd is a 100 per cent government-owned company.
It has been declared ‘as not fit and proper’ as it acted as a broker and carried out illegal trades on
NSEL’s spot exchange platform in between 2010 and 2013.
To give this tag, SEBI studied the role of its management, board, and promoters.
Background
In the past, SEBI has declared entities in high-profile cases involving Sahara India and Financial
Technologies (63 Moons Technologies) as ‘not fit and proper’.
Case of PEC
According to SEBI, PEC has failed to conduct its business in conformity with the standards which are
expected to be maintained by registered securities market intermediaries. The PEC board was managed by
secretary-level officials from “Ministry of Commerce” and it requires the permission from ministry to
conduct its business. Thus, if SEBI is holding PEC not fit and proper, all those who giving permission to
conduct its business are responsible for the same. Further, NSEL was already declared as an illegal
exchange, on which PEC was trading.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
SEBI is the regulatory body for securities & commodity market that works under the jurisdiction of Ministry
of Finance. It was first established in the year 1988 as a non-statutory body to regulate the securities
market. It became an autonomous body & given statutory powers on January 30, 1992, by SEBI Act, 1992.
Standing Committee on IT to examine media ethics
The Standing Committee on Information Technology has decided to review ethical standards in the media
coverage.
Highlights
The standing committee also examines issues related to Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Committee took this decision after looking at several public complaints in functioning of media.

It will also study the impact of suspension of telecom services and Internet over the last five years in
States like Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi in the aftermath of protests against the
governments.
Functioning of the Prasar Bharati Organisation will also be reviewed.
Committee would also take up the issue of “challenges facing Indian film industry”.
Functioning and outreach of Doordarshan Channels and Bureau of Outreach & Communication (BOC)
would also be looked upon by the committee.
Committee will also study the growth and opportunities of community radio stations.
Who heads the committee?
The reconstituted panel us headed by veteran Congress MP Shashi Tharoor.
Functioning of Central Board of Film Certification
The Committee is currently reviewing the functioning of Central Board of Film Certification because,
censorship requires changes with the advent of internet platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime.
Committee will discuss the issues involved because many films and programmes are being released on
such platforms.
Other subjects to be reviewed
Panel will take up the subject like “Citizens’ data security & privacy” and “Digital Payment & Online
Security measures for data protection”. for review.
Functioning of Unique Identification Authority of India will also be reviewed.
The panel will also review cyber security scenario as well as Information Technology Act of 2000.
IAC Vikrant begins Second Phase of Sea Trials
First indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC) of India, named Vikrant, started its second phase of sea trials on
October 24, 2022, in the backdrop of its planned induction into the Indian Navy by August 2022.
Key Facts
INS Vikrant is a 40,000-tonne aircraft carrier.
It is the largest and most complex warship that is built in India.
It completed a five-day maiden sea voyage in August 2021, successfully.
The warship has been constructed at a cost of Rs 23,000 crores.
With its construction, India joined the select group of countries that have capabilities to build the
state-of-the-art aircraft carriers.
About INS Vikrant
IAC Vikrant has been constructed at a cost of Rs 23000 crores. It is a 40000-tonne aircraft carrier. It will
operate MH-60R multi-role helicopters, MiG-29K fighter jets and MKamov-31 helicopters. It comprises of
more than 2300 compartments and has been designed for a crew of 1700 people. It also comprises of
specialised cabins to accommodate women officers. the aircraft carrier has a top speed of 28 knots & a
cruising speed is of 18 knots. It is having an endurance of around 7,500 nautical miles. Construction of 262
metres long & 62 metres wide carrier was started in 2009. Its height is 59 metres.
Who built the warship?
INS Vikrant has been built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL).
Why was the warship constructed?
INS Vikrant has been constructed as Indian Navy has been focusing on significantly boosting its overall
capabilities considering the growing influence of Chinese military in Indian Ocean Region. Indian Ocean is
considered as the backyard of the Indian Navy and is critical for strategic interests of India.
First Zika virus case reported in U.P
First case of Zika Virus was reported from Kanpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh on October 24, 2021.

What is Zika Virus?

Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family. It is spread by daytime-active called named “Aedes
mosquitoes” like A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The name of the virus comes from “Zika Forest of Uganda”
where it was first isolated in 1947. Zika virus shares a genus with dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow
fever, and West Nile viruses. The virus is known to present within a narrow equatorial belt from Africa to
Asia since 1950s. In between 2007 to 2016, virus spread across the Pacific Ocean to the Americas. Thus, by
2015-2016, Zika virus became epidemic.
Zika fever
Zika fever or Zika virus disease is caused due to Zika virus. It often causes no or some mild symptoms,
which are like mild form of dengue fever. The virus can spread from a pregnant woman to her baby, which
can result in microcephaly, some birth defects and severe brain malformations.
Treatment for zika virus
There is no specific treatment for the disease. However, paracetamol may help in relieving the symptoms.
Vaccines for the disease
No specific vaccines are available for zika virus disease. However, several vaccines are currently in clinical
trials.
RBI caps NBFC IPO Funding
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a scale-based regulation of non-banking finance companies on
October 22, 2021.
Key Points
RBI’s regulation also comprises of a ceiling on IPO funding per borrower and changes in minimum net
owned fund, capital requirements and classification of non-performing assets.
Under the new framework, RBI has kept a ceiling of Rs 1 crore per borrower to finance subscription of
an initial public offering (IPO).
Overall guidelines will be effective from October 1, 2022, while the instructions related to the ceiling
on IPO funding will come into effect from April 1, 2022.
What changes have been made?
Under the new framework, regulatory structure of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) will comprise
of four layers based on the size, activity, and perceived riskiness namely top layer, upper layer, middle layer,
and base layer.
RBI’s discussion paper
RBI had also issued a discussion paper on the topic in January 2021 and had opened public comments on
it. In the discussion paper, RBI noted that IPO financing of the individual NBFCs has come under scrutiny.
There is a limit of Rs 10 lakh for banks for IPO financing while there is no such limit for NBFCs.
Sensitive Sector exposure norms
RBI has also proposed sensitive sector exposure norms for the middle and upper layers of NBFCs. NBFCs
will fix board-approved internal limits for SSE for capital market as well as commercial real estate
exposures, separately. A sub-limit within the commercial real estate exposure ceiling will also be fixed
internally to finance land acquisition.
Australia: In-principal support for net zero by 2050
Australian Cabinet is set to consider conditions that junior coalition partner of government has placed on
committing to the target of zero net carbon emissions by 2050.
Key Facts
In-principal support of the Nationals party for the target was agreed at a meeting on October 24,
2021.

This support is significant for Australia as the Prime Minister Scott Morrison wants to take a more
ambitious plan for reducing Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions, in the backdrop of UN summit in
Glasgow, Scotland.
Emissions in Australia
Reducing emissions in Australia is a politically fraught issue. Australia is among world’s largest exporters
of coal and liquified natural gas. It is also one of the world’s worst greenhouse gas emitters per capita due
to its heavy reliance on coal-fired power.
Australia’s pledge on Paris deal
Australia has not moved from its 2015 pledge at Paris climate summit, to reduce emissions by 26%-28% by
2030, well below 2005 levels.
The Glasgow Summit
The Glasgow Summit is also known as COP26. The summit is due held from October 31, 2021, to November
12, 2021. The summit will assess progress made by countries in accordance with the Paris climate deal to
limit warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius. This summit is the third meeting of the parties to Paris
Agreement (CMA2) and 26th Conference of the Parties (COP)” to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
United Nations Climate Change Conference
United Nations Climate Change Conference are held under the framework of United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), yearly. Conferences are held to assess progress in dealing with
climate change as well as to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol.
Indian Telegraph Right of Way (Amendment) Rules, 2021
Indian government notified “Indian Telegraph Right of Way (Amendment) Rules, 2021” on October 22, 2021,
for incorporating provisions related to nominal one-time compensation.
Highlights
The rules also seek to incorporate “uniform procedure for establishing overground telegraph line in
Indian Telegraph Right of Way Rules, 2016”.
Rules have also fixed the amount of one-time compensation for establishing overground telegraph
line will at a maximum of Rs 1,000 per km.
Documentation for Right of Ways (RoW) application for overground telegraph line has also been made
simple.
Earlier, RoW Rules were only covering underground optical fibre cable (OFC) and mobile towers.
As per notification, there will not be any other fee other than administrative fee and restoration
charges to establish, maintain, repair, work, repair, shift or transfer the underground and overground
telegraph infrastructure.
How has it eased permission procedures?
These amendments will ease permission procedure related to RoW for establishing and augmenting digital
communications infrastructure in India. With a robust pan India digital infrastructure, new rules will also
help in bridging the digital divide between rich & poor and rural & urban areas.
E-governance
New rules have a provision of strengthening e-governance and financial inclusion. It seeks to bring in ease
of doing businesses. It will also fulfil the information & communication needs of citizens & enterprises.
Right of Way (RoW) in telecommunication
RoW is the legal right, allowing online filing of application. Basically, this is a framework for setting up
telecom towers, laying fibre cables, settling disputes, and improve coordination among companies.

October 26, 2021

China adopts New Border Law
For the first time, China has enacted a national law on “protection and exploitation” of country’s land border
areas.
Key facts
Timing of the new border law is significant as China continues to be at loggerheads with India across the
Line of Actual Control (LAC), separating both the countries.
Aim of the law
As per Chinese media, the new law has been enacted with the aim of maintaining national security and
managing border-related matters at the legal level amid the regional tensions”.
About the New Border Law
The new border law will come into effect from January 1, 2022. It mandates People’s Liberation Army
(PLA) of China to counter any “invasion, encroachment, infiltration, [or] provocation” across the land
borders of China.
The law also provides a legal framework for hard border closures, if needed.
The law requires the Chinese government to take measures for “strengthening border defence,
supporting economic & social development and opening-up in border areas”.
It also calls for improvements in public services and infrastructure in border areas in a bid to
“encourage and support people’s life and work there”.
How will the law impact India?
The Chinese law has been enacted in the backdrop of regional tensions across its border with India. As per
reports, this law has a wide ambit with respect to border affairs. It clarifies government responsibilities,
leadership system, and military tasks in territorial border work. China shares the land borders of around
22,000 km with 14 countries, along which disputes arising because of mismatch between its historical
perception and ground realities of its territories. India shares a 3,488 km border with China, extending from
Arunachal Pradesh to Jammu & Kashmir. The border with India is not fully demarcated. However, process of
clarifying & confirming the LAC is in progress.
UN warns of Afghan Food Crisis
The World Food Programme (WFP) has warned that, tens of millions of Afghans, including children, could
die of starvation if urgent action is not taken.
Key Facts
WEP is calling to release the frozen funds without delay to provide humanitarian aid.
Around 22.8 million people, accounting for half of entire population of Afghanistan, are facing an
acute food crisis.
This figure is greater than 14 million, which was reported in August 2021, before Taliban took over.
As per WEP, around 220 million U.S. dollars would be required as winter nears, to meet the food
demand.
World Food Programme (WFP)
WEP is the food-assistance wing of the United Nations. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization,
focusing on hunger and food security. The organisation is also the largest provider of school meals. It was
established in 1961 and is headquartered in Rome. It has also set up offices in 80 countries. As of 2019,
WFP served 97 million people across 88 countries. It is an executive member of the United Nations
Development Group, which is a consortium of UN entities working with the aim of fulfilling the 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Its primary priority is to achieve SDG 2 for “zero hunger” by 2030.

Functions of WFP
Apart from emergency food relief, WFP provides technical assistance and development aid, like:
1. Building capacity for emergency preparedness & response
2. Managing supply chains & logistics
3. Promoting social safety programs, and
4. Strengthening resilience against climate change.
It also provides direct cash assistance & medical supplies as well as provides passenger services for
humanitarian workers.
Saudi Arabia launches National Infrastructure Fund
Saudi Arabia launched a “National Infrastructure Fund” on October 25, 2021 to invest 200 billion Riyals in
projects over the next decade.
Highlights
National Infrastructure Fund will invest in water, transportation, energy, education, health, digital
infrastructure, and communication.
The fund will finance privatized infrastructure projects as well as create investment opportunities for
these projects.
It will provide innovative financing solutions, which in turn contribute towards enhancing the
attractiveness of investment opportunities.
It will also contribute to development of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and will help in creating job
opportunities.
Why was this fund created?
The fund was created as Saudi Arabia has been striving to diversify its economy. It seeks to reduce its
dependence on oil by empowering the private sector & by offering different economic initiatives. This fund
will contribute to achieving the goal of Saudi’s Vision 2030 by promoting projects.
Which organisation manage the fund?
The National Infrastructure Fund was launched by National Development Fund (NDF). It was launched after
the Council of Ministers approved it as a subsidiary development funds and banks of NDF. NDF will manage
this fund along with its system comprising of 11 development funds & banks.
Aim of the fund
The National Infrastructure Fund was created with the aim of contributing towards development of financial
sector by finding alternative solutions for financing infrastructure projects. It will also encourage the private
sector to invest in all these projects.
National Development Fund
This fund was established in 2017, to advance the performance of development funds and banks in Saudi
Arabia. It empowers the development funds and banks to fulfil development priorities and economic
obligations related to Vision 2030 of the kingdom.
Govt to set up panel for National Employment Policy
The central government has planned to set up a committee for National Employment Policy (NEP), which
seeks to create a roadmap for improving job opportunities in India.
Highlights
The committee will comprise of representatives from Ministry of labour and other ministries.
It will also include prominent people from industry.
It will be a high-powered committee, of which views and recommendations will be taken.
National Employment Policy (NEP)
The NEP seeks to create a sector-wise strategy to improve the potential of job creation by pulling

investments towards employment-intensive sectors, attracting new industries by creating an enabling

environment and by policy interventions. It will be created based on data from five all-India labour surveys
and E-Shram portal for facilitating evidence-based policymaking to generate employment. Following the
consultations, it will be sent for cabinet approval.
AQEES survey
The first All-India Quarterly Establishment-based Employment Survey (AQEES) was launched in September
2021, for the April-June 2021 quarter. This survey is conducted by Labour Bureau, an office of Ministry of
Labour & Employment. As per Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), unemployment rate had
touched a record high of 23.52%, in April 2020. During April-June 2020-21 quarter, around 121 million jobs
were lost, the highest ever monthly job loss on record since it started compiling employment data.
E-Shram Portal
Labour Ministry had launched the E-Shram portal on August 26, 2021. The platform registers an estimated
380 million informal & unorganised workers like construction workers, street vendors, domestic workers, gig
& platform workers, agricultural & migrant workers, and other unorganised workers. This portal will facilitate
the implementation of policies for unorganised sector. Portal will help in monitoring and supervising
government policies as well as ensure that benefits reach the targeted group.
UN on Iran's Death Penalty
A human rights expert from United Nations has described the Iran’s Death penalty as “an arbitrary
deprivation of life”.
Key Points
UN described that the executions carried out in Iran is often used as a political tool. The death
penalty is often imposed on arbitrary and vague grounds.
UN asked Iran to reform laws and abolish the death penalty.
As per expert, three criminal charges are used to target peaceful demonstrators and political
opponents namely- corruption on earth, armed rebellion, and waging war against God.
What is the issue with Iran’s death penalty?
In the fourth annual report on human rights in Iran, UN expert briefed that, practice in Iran of imposing death
penalty to children is “extremely disturbed”. Iran is one of few countries that continues this practice, even
though international law prohibits such practices. Apart from that, there are other key human rights
concerns in Iran such as- discrimination against religious, ethnic & sexual minorities, dire conditions inside
prisons and repression of civic space.
Capital punishment in Iran
Capital punishment, also called as death penalty, is a legal penalty in Iran. Crimes on which capital
punishment is imposed include murder, child molestation, rape, drug trafficking, kidnapping, paedophilia,
armed robbery, kidnapping, burglary, terrorism, prohibited sexual relations, incestuous relationships,
fornication, sodomy, prostitution, sexual misconduct, adultery etc. Laws are established by the Islamic
Consultative Assembly in Iran. These laws must be consistent with the Sharia laws.
National Steering Committee for implementation of the NIPUN Bharat Mission
On October 25, 2021, a National Steering Committee (NSC) has been formed to implement NIPUN Bharat
Mission.
NIPUN Bharat Mission
NIPUN stands for “National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy”.
This mission was launched by the “Department of School Education and Literacy” in July 2021.
Mission was launched with the aim of achieving the goal of universal proficiency in foundational
literacy & numeracy in accordance with the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020).

NEP 2020 envisages to provide universal proficiency in foundational literacy & numeracy to every
child by end of Class 3 by 2026-27.
National Steering Committee (NSC)
Government has established the “National Steering Committee” to implement NIPUN Bharat mission.
Committee will be chaired by Union Education Minister, Dharmendra Pradhan. Minister of State for
Education, Annapurna Devi will act as the vice-chairperson.
Objective of the committee
National Steering Committee has been established with the objective to oversee the progress of “National
Mission on Foundational Literacy & Numeracy”. Committee will also provide guidance on policy issues and
help in achieving the desired target in 2026-27. It will also review programmatic and financial norms in a bid
to ensure that they are synchronised with targets to be achieved.
Function of NSC
One of the responsibilities of NSC is to disseminate tools for measuring yearly progress in the form of
guidelines. It also seeks to develop assessment methodology to analyse the progress & provide feedback to
States & UTs.
Members of NSC
Other members of the NSC include- Secretary of School Education & Literacy; Director of NCERT; Secretary
of Education, Karnataka; Secretary Education, Uttar Pradesh; Director SCERT Sikkim and Director SCERT
Gujarat.
PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission on October 25,
2021, in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
Key Points
This scheme is of worth Rs 5000-crore and is India’s largest scheme launched to scale-up health
infrastructure.
The mission was launched to improve the public health infrastructure in urban as well as rural areas.
It will work in addition to the National Health Mission.
About Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission
The Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission was announced by PM. It is expected to extend support
to 17,788 rural Health & Wellness Centres across 10 high focus states. Under the scheme, 11,024 urban
Health & Wellness Centres will be established. The mission will be launched with the aim of strengthening
the critical healthcare network in India.
Objective of Mission
This mission was launched with the objective of filling critical gaps in public health infrastructure. It will
bridge the gap between critical care facilities and primary care across urban and rural areas.
Second aspect of mission
Second aspect of the Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission is related to “testing network for
diagnosis of diseases”. Necessary infrastructure will be developed under the mission for the diagnosis and
monitoring of diseases. Under it, 730 districts in India will get Integrated to Public Health labs. Apart from
that, 3 thousand blocks will be provided Block Public Health Units.
Scheme will investigate the expansion of existing research institutions that are studying pandemics. It will
also help in strengthening 80 Viral Diagnostic and research labs. It will also set up “WHO regional research
platform for South Asia” in a bid to strengthen this network.

67th National Film Awards presented

Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu presented the 67th National Film awards on October 25, 2021.
Highlights
51st Dadasaheb Phalke Award was conferred to actor Rajinikanth.
Manoj Bajpayee, Kangana Ranaut and Dhanush were conferred with acting honours.
Best Feature Film award was given to Priyadarshan’s Malayalam period epic named ‘Marakkar: Lion
of the Arabian Sea’.
Best Hindi Film Award was presented to Chhichhore movie, starring the late Sushant Singh Rajput.
About 67th National Film awards
67th National Film awards were announced in March 2021 however, they were honoured the best in cinema
in the year 2019. Awards were postponed due to the covid-19 pandemic.
National Film Awards
It is the most prominent film award ceremony, held in India. It was established in the year 1954. It has been
administered since 1973, along with Indian Panorama and International Film Festival of India by the
Directorate of Film Festivals of Indian government.
How are entries selected?
Government appoints a national panel every year to select the winning entry. Award ceremony is held in
New Delhi and the President of India conferred the awards to winning entries. After that, National Film
Festival is inaugurated where award-winning films are screened for public. Awards are declared for films
produced in previous year and they hold distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema. Awards
are also presented for the best films in each region and language of India.
India-Sweden celebrate Innovation Day
India and Sweden celebrated the 8th Innovation Day on October 26. During the online event they discussed
several aspects of climate change and possible solutions to bring in green transition.
Highlights
The one-day event was divided into nine parts for discussing several aspects of climate change. Both
sides also discussed possible solutions to initiate green transition.
In the session, they also exchanged the ideas for implementing digital technology and Artificial
Intelligence in order to introduce climate-friendly solutions.
Theme of the event
The online event was organised under the theme ‘Accelerating India Sweden’s Green Transition’.
Who was the host?
India Sweden Innovation Day was hosted by “India Unlimited” in collaboration with the Embassy of India in
Sweden, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Sweden-India Business Council.
India–Sweden relations
The bilateral relation between India and Sweden is historic. Sweden is among the countries that recognised
India’s independence from the United Kingdom in the year 1947. Both the countries established their formal
diplomatic relations in 1949. India has established an embassy in Stockholm. On the other hand, Sweden
established an embassy in New Delhi. Sweden also established honorary consulates in Kolkata, Chennai,
and Mumbai.
People to People tie
Around 10000 Indian citizens are living and work in Sweden. There are also around 9000 persons of Indian
origin. Both the groups are employed in business or professional fields.
Background
Relation between Sweden and India dates to 8th century CE and the era of Vikings. During archaeological

excavations of an 8 th century Viking ship in 1954, in Sweden, a small bronze Buddha statuette was
discovered. Statue is thought to have been made around 5th century CE, in present-day Kashmir.
UDAN 4.1: First direct flight on Shillong-Dibrugarh route
Union Civil Aviation Minister, Jyotiraditya Scindia, inaugurated the first direct flight on Shillong–Dibrugarh
sector on October 26, 2021.
Key Points
This flight was made operational under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) Ude Desh Ka Aam
Naagrik (UDAN).
In September 2021, Shillong airport witnessed more than 5000 passengers.
Why connectivity to Shillong is significant?
Shillong is one among the highest & wettest places of the world. It is important not only for India but for the
entire world. It has always been known as Scotland of East because of presence of rolling hills, tallest
waterfalls, caves, beautiful landscapes as well as its rich heritage & culture. The place attracts tourists from
entire world. This, it is necessary to improve connectivity there.
Which airline will work on this route?
Indigo won the bidding for Shillong – Dibrugarh route during the UDAN 4 bidding process. It will deploy its
78-seater ATR 72 aircraft to the route. Under the UDAN scheme, around 389 routes and 62 airports have
been operationalized.
About UDAN 4.1
UDAN 4.1 scheme was launched in 2020. Under this phase, 78 new routes were approved under this phase,
to enhance connectivity across remote & regional areas in India. Under this route, it was planned to connect
Agatti, Kavaratti, and Minicoy islands of Lakshadweep. It focuses on connecting smaller airports, special
helicopters, and seaplane routes.
About UDAN Scheme
Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik (UDAN) was launched in the year 2016, as a regional connectivity scheme by the
Ministry of Civil Aviation. It is an innovative scheme that was launched to develop regional Aviation market.
Its main objective is to create affordable, economically viable and profitable flights across the regional
routes.
Chhattisgarh: National Tribal Dance Festival to be held
National Tribal Dance Festival will be held in Raipur from October 28 to October 30.
Highlights
The festival will be held at Science College Ground, under the Tourism Development plan of
Chhattisgarh government.
It is a three-day National Tribal Dance Festival.
Festival will witness participation of Tribal Dance Groups from several states and union territories of
India.
International participants will also take part in the festival, portraying and celebrating the tribal folk
culture of their respective country.
Which countries are taking part?
National Tribal Dance Festival will feature multiple artists belonging to diverse tribal communities from
different parts of India. Artists from countries like Kingdom of Eswatini, Nigeria, Uzbekistan, Uganda, Sri
Lanka, Mali, Syria, and Palestine will also take part in the event.
Significance of the festival
The festival will promote and celebrate the uniqueness of tribal culture. It will also showcase the richness
and diversity of tribal life across Chhattisgarh and other areas of India & world.

Dance performances
The dance performances in the event will be held in two categories namely, Wedding Ceremonies and Other
Prominent Rituals.
First edition of the festival
First edition of the National Tribal Dance Festival was organised in the year 2019. It witnessed the
participation of tribal communities from 25 states of India along with six guest countries. Around 1 lakh
people attended the event.
Tribes in Chhattisgarh
In Chhattisgarh, areas such as Dantewada, Bastar, Bilaspur, Koriya, Korba, Gariabandh, Dhura, Mainpur,
Surguja, Dhamtari, Jashpur have significant tribal populations. They have their own distinctive history,
traditions and culture.
October 27, 2021
PM Modi to attend G-20 Leaders’ Summit-2021
At the two-day G-20 Summit, starting from October 30 in Italy, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to
direct a united global approach to deal with the situation in Afghanistan and combating challenges of
climate change & covid-19 pandemic.
Highlights
The prime minister is set to travel Rome to attend 16th G-20 Summit and Glasgow to attend World
Leaders’ Summit of COP-26, from October 29 to November 2.
Modi will participate in16th G-20 Summit in Rome from October 30-31, accepting the invitation of
Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi.
Italy is holding the presidency of G-20 since December 2020.
About G-20
G-20 is a leading global forum that brings together the major economies of the world.
Members of the grouping account for more than 80 per cent of the World’s GDP, 60 percent of the
world’s population and 75 per cent of global trade.
It holds meeting every year since 1999 and a yearly summit since 2008.
G-20 has become a premier global forum for international economic cooperation.
Rome Summit
Heads of state and government of G-20 member countries, European Union and other invited
countries & international organisations will be attending the G-20 summit.
G-20 leaders will deliberate on several key challenges like climate change, covid-19 pandemic and
overcoming poverty & inequality across the world.
They will also discuss the situation in Afghanistan.
What is expected from India?
Prime Minister Modi is expected to present India’s perspective for combating the key challenges
facing the world.
He is also expected to call for a united approach for situation in Afghanistan and deal with covid-19
pandemic & climate change.
This is the eighth G-20 summit that PM Modi would be attending.
Theme of the summit
Rome summit has been centred around the theme “People, Planet, Prosperity”. It focuses on areas of
recovery from covid-19 pandemic and strengthening the health governance across the world.
Culture Ministry launches podcast on Freedom movement
As a part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav to celebrate 75 years of Independence, Union Minister of Culture &
Tourism G. K. Reddy launched “Amrit Mahotsav Podcast”.

Key Points
Ministry of culture is organising Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav for celebrating 75 years of Independence.
“Amrit Mahotsav Podcast” series is a tribute to the persons and movements that significantly
contributed to freedom struggle of India.
Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani
Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani is the first series of the newly launched podcast. It went live with an episode based
on Indian National Army (or Azad Hind Fauj). In the series, new episodes will be added on weekly basis. The
series is only befitting to salute these heroes by remembering their stories of courage and valour.
Significance of the series
Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani series hopes to fulfil the purpose of sensitizing the audience for challenges and
struggles faced by those who fought for India’s Independence. It also seeks to instil nationalistic pride and
serve as an inspiration for those who are listening.
Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav
Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav was launched 75 weeks before August 15, 2022. It will continue till August 15,
2023. While launching the event, Prime Minister had reiterated five pillars as guiding forces to move forward
namely, Freedom Struggle, Achievements at 75, Ideas at 75, Actions at 75 and resolves at 75.
Vigilance Awareness Week 2021
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is observing the “Vigilance Awareness Week 2021” from October
26 to November 1, 2021.
Key Facts
The awareness campaign is being observed to mark the respect to Sardar Vallabhai Patel on his birth
anniversary on October 31.
Aim of the week
The week is being observed with the aim of raising the concern of growing threat of corruption and its
consequences.
Significance of the week
The week is significant because, vigilance and awareness are the growing need of developing nations that
are focusing on societal upgradation and undergoing transformation.
Theme of the week
The CVC is observing this week with a theme of “self-reliance and integrity”. It revolves around the idea of
making each citizen self-reliant. It seeks to protect the integrity of nation by raising awareness about its
anti- corruption rules and regulation among all the stakeholders which in turn lead to a progressive change
in the society.
Responsibilities of citizen
As a citizen, it becomes our responsibility to adhere to this theme and preserve integrity of our nation by
highlighting & reporting the malpractices within our system. We must report such practices to the central
vigilance commission via email because it lodges complaints against central government employees as
well as keeps identity of the person secret under Public Interest Disclosure & Protection of Informer
Resolution.
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
CVC is an apex Indian governmental body, that was established in 1964 for addressing the governmental
corruption. It was given statutory status in 2003, by an act of Parliament. It is an autonomous body and free
of control from any executive authority.

PM Modi to attend 16th East Asia Summit virtually

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to virtually attend the 16th East Asia Summit on October 27, 2021.
Key Facts
He will also be attending the 18th ASEAN-India Summit on October 28, 2021.
It will be the ninth ASEAN-India Summit that PM will attend.
Sultan of Brunei had invited him to attend this summit.
Summit will “review the status of ASEAN-India Strategic Partnership”.
In the summit, leaders will also review the progress made in key areas like Trade & Commerce,
Connectivity, Education, Culture and COVID-19 & Health.
East Asia Summit
East Asia Summit is a regional forum, inaugurated in 2005.
The summit is held annually by the leaders of 16 nations which are part of East Asian, South Asian,
Southeast Asian, and Oceanian regions, on the basis of ASEAN Plus Six mechanism.
The summit includes ten ASEAN members namely, Brunei, Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Laos,
Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore.
Other members of the summit are India, Japan, China, Australia, the Republic of Korea, the United
States, New Zealand, and Russia.
India is the founding member of East Asia Summit and has committed to enhance the strength and
increase the efficiency of this forum.
During the event, leaders are expected to make several declarations like on Economic recovery
through tourism & green recovery and Mental Health.
They will also exchange their views on issues like security, terrorism, and COVID-19.
Significance of the forum
The East Asia Summit is an important platform to further the practical cooperation in Indo-Pacific by
building the convergence between Indo-Pacific Ocean’s Initiative (IPOI) and ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific
(AOIP).
India-Kyrgyzstan hold First Strategic Dialogue
On October 26, 2021, India and Kyrgyzstan held their first strategic dialogue in New Delhi.
Key Points
During the summit, both the countries agreed to enhance security & defence cooperation.
The cooperation seeks to address common threats and challenges faced by them.
Both, India & Kyrgyzstan, are facing threat and challenges due to situation in Afghanistan.
They also held discussions on regional security environment with special reference to Afghanistan.
Both agreed upon steps for enhancing bilateral security cooperation among relevant bodies, such as
fields of counterterrorism, narcotics control, combating radicalisation, and defence cooperation.
India-Kyrgyzstan Relations
India shares close relations with Central Asia, especially with the countries that were part of ancient Silk
Route, including Kyrgyzstan. Both had limited political, economic, and cultural ties. In the year 1985, former
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited Bishkek and Issyk Kul Lake. India established diplomatic relations with
Kyrgyzstan in 1992 after the independence of Kyrgyzstan on August 31, 1991. India set up resident Mission
in 1994.
Political relations
India’s political relations with Kyrgyz Republic is traditionally warm and friendly. Leaderships of Kyrgyz have
been supportive of India’s stand on Kashmir. They have also welcomed the ongoing peace process. It also

supported India’s bid for permanent seat at the United Nations Security Council as well as full membership
in Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
Common Concerns
Both countries share common concerns like threat of terrorism, drug-trafficking, and extremism. They have
also signed several framework agreements like on Culture, Trade & Economic Cooperation, Investment
Promotion & Protection, Civil Aviation, Avoidance of Double Taxation, etc.
'Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa' Initiative
Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa initiative was launched by “YouWeCan Foundation” in Goa.
Highlights
The initiative was launched by YouWeCan foundation which is run by international cricket icon and
humanitarian Yuvraj Singh.
For this purpose, the foundation has partnered with SBI foundation, and state government of Goa.
Under the initiative, free breast cancer screening will be done using “iBreast devices”.
Around 1 lakh women will be screened over a period of two years.
Initiative would ensure that, 50 percent of the eligible female population in Goa is screened.
Who funds the initiative?
The Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa initiative is funded by “Indian Institute of Banking & Finance” as well as SBI
Foundation.
How women will be treated?
Under the initiative, free treatment will be provided for all the positive cases. For treating them, government
of Goa will also extend its support.
Included health centres
Breast cancer screening will be conducted across 35 Health Centres in Goa. For this purpose, 20 iBreast
devices will be deployed. 10 will be deployed in North Goa while 10 in South Goa.
iBreast Exam (iBE)
iBreast Exam will be used to screen under the initiative. It is a non-invasive, fully wireless, hand-held,
mHealth point-of-care solution to detect breast lesion. iBE has shown high sensitivity and specificity for
detecting non-palpable lesions at initial stage.
YouWeCan foundation
It is an Indian non-profit organization, established in 2012 by Yuvraj Singh. It is dedicated to fight cancer. It
focuses on four key areas namely awareness on cancer, its screening, treatment support, and
empowerment of survivor.
WHO seeks clarifications from Bharat Biotech on Covaxin
According to World Health Organisation (WHO), additional clarifications from manufacturer are required to
conduct final Emergency Use Listing (EUL) risk-benefit assessment for using Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin
globally.
Key Points
Technical advisory group are now scheduled to meet on November 3 for final assessment.
Bharat Biotech has been submitting data on rolling basis to the WHO. It also submitted additional
information at the request of UN health body on September 27.
Technical Advisory Group for Emergency Use Listing (TAG-EUL)
TAG-EUL is an independent advisory group. It provides recommendations on whether Covid 19 vaccine can
be listed for emergency use or not under the EUL procedure. It submits report to WHO.
About Covaxin
Covaxin is the first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine of India. It is developed by Hyderabad-based Bharat

Biotech in association with Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The vaccine is 77.8 per cent
effective against symptomatic covid-19 while 65.2 per cent against Delta variant. It is an inactivated virus-
based covid-19 vaccine
How was this vaccine developed?
Covaxin uses a traditional technology, like inactivated polio vaccine. In initial phase, sample of SARS-CoV-2
was isolated by National Institute of Virology, India. Sample was used to grow large quantities of the virus
through vero cells. Later, viruses were soaked in beta-propiolactone to deactivate them by getting attached
to their genes. Lastly, inactivated viruses are mixed with aluminium-based adjuvant Alhydroxiquim-II.
Which vaccines have been approved by WHO?
So far, WHO has approved Covid-19 vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson-Janssen,
AstraZeneca-SK Bio/Serum Institute of India, Sinopharm and Moderna for emergency use.
Indian-origin Leader becomes Canada's new Defence Minister
On October 26, 2021, Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau reshuffled his cabinet. He has appointed
Indian-origin Canadian politician Anita Anand as new Defence Minister of Canada.
Key Points
Prime Minister reshuffled his cabinet after his Liberal Party returned to power in snap polls,
Furthermore, there were calls for major military reforms. Public and political leaders are putting
pressure on Canadian military to change its culture and create a system for preventing and
managing sexual misconduct allegations.
Anita Anand (54-year-old) will replace Indian-origin Harjit Sajjan.
Harjit Sajjan is a long-term defence minister who was criticized for handling the military sexual
misconduct crisis. Though, there are some reports that, Sajjan has been given charge as Minister of
International Development Agency.
Why Anita Anand has been appointed?
As per Defence industry experts, Anita Anand is a strong contender for this position. This move will send a
strong signal to the survivors and victims of military sexual misconduct. On this issue, government is
serious about imposing critical reforms. She also holds a strong background as a corporate lawyer. She has
served extensively on corporate governance in line with the rules and laws of managing operations of
businesses.
Vote share
Anita Anand was declared winner in Oakville, with 46 per cent vote share. She was first elected as a rookie
Member of Parliament in 2019, to represent Oakville in Ontario province. She also worked as procurement
minister during the Covid-19 pandemic. Later, she was given charge of securing Covid-19 vaccines for
Canada. and was often on the campaign trail with Trudeau. She played a very public
India-ADB sign PRF loan to support Urban Mobility in Mizoram
The Government of India and Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $4.5 million project readiness
financing (PRF) loan on October 26, 2021.
Key Points
The loan agreement will support project preparation and design activities for improving urban
mobility in capital city, Aizawl in the state of Mizoram.
PRF supports the development of long-term solutions for improve urban mobility by identifying high-
priority urban transport investments in Aizawl.
It will help in ensuing project and enhancing its readiness by extending support to due diligence and
preparatory activities.

Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP)

Under PRF, a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) will be developed for Aizawl. The plan outlines the urban
transport development strategy. It also helps in building synergies with urban development planning
initiatives. The plan further promotes climate & disaster resilience as well as gender inclusiveness in its
interventions.
Significance of the loan
Aizawl is the centre of administrative and service industry of Mizoram. But Urban mobility in Aizawl is
severely constrained because of rapid and unplanned urbanization. This led to traffic congestion on narrow
road widths. It impacts road safety, movement efficiency of people & goods as well as environmental
sustainability. Thus, this project is significant as it seeks to resolve the transport problems in city by
adopting sustainable urban mobility solutions.
How PRF will help?
The PRF loan will help in conducting feasibility studies to prioritize projects that are identified in the CMP. It
will prepare detailed project reports and detailed design for the project.
India Post Payments Bank and HDFC joined hands to offer home loans
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) and HDFC bank has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for
offering home loans to about 4.7 crore customers of the payments bank.
Key Facts
IPPB, that leverages its country-wide network of 650 branches and more than 1,36,000 banking
access points or Post offices, aims to make home loan products of HDFC available to its customers
in India.
This partnership was signed with the aim of facilitating HDFC’s home loans in unbanked and
underserved areas, where there is little or no access to finance. This in turn will help in fulfilling the
dream of people of owning a home.
IPPB will offer housing loans through around 1,90,000 banking service providers like Postmen and
Gramin Dak Sevaks.
Under the MoU; HDFC will be handling credit, technical & legal appraisals as well as processing &
disbursement for all home loans while IPPB will be handling the sourcing of loans.
Significance of the tie-up
This tie-up will facilitate financial inclusion. Financial inclusion can only be achieved by enabling access to
credit to a significant chunk of customers who do not have access to a bank or a financial institution to
provide housing loans in their vicinity.
Aim of the tie-up
The partnership between HDFC & IPPB aims to make housing loans available and accessible, by means of a
digitally enabled agent banking channel.
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB)
IPPB is specialised division of Indian Post working under the jurisdiction of Department of Post of Ministry
of Communications. It was opened in 2018.
October 27: World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2021
The World Day for Audiovisual Heritage is observed on October 27, every year.
World day for Audiovisual Heritage
Audio-visual Heritage Day is observed with the aim of raising general awareness among people
related to the need of taking urgent measures.
The day also acknowledges the significance of audio-visual documents.
It also brings the priceless heritage of these documents to notice, telling the stories of lives &

cultures from across the world.

The day also sensitize people across the world for conserving and safeguarding valuable audio-visual
resources for future generations.
Why this day is significant?
The world, particularly the younger generation, is going digital in every significant aspect of life. Thus, this is
significant as it reminds that even though we are moving forward, it is important to carry heritage so that it
does not get lost. It encourages the preservation of work of professionals against the range of political,
technical, social, financial, and other factors that threatens the safeguards of audio-visual heritage.
Theme of the day
The Audio-visual Heritage Day 2021 was observed under the theme “Your Window to the World”. The theme
highlights that, audio-visual sources provide a window in the form of documentary heritage objects, to the
world.
History of the day
This day was adopted by the 21st General Conference of the recommendations, in the year 1980, in a bid to
safeguard and preserve the moving images. The day was declared by UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural organization) on October 27, 2005.
October 28, 2021
Proba-1 completes 20 years
ESA’s Proba-1 minisatellite was launched two decades ago, on October 27, into orbit. It has completed 20
years.
Key Points
The minisatellite remains fully operational for 20 years.
It is the oldest serving Earth observing mission of the agency.
Proba-1 is roughly the size of a hotel fridge. It hosts two Earth-observing instruments together with
several technological firsts.
Probe 1 is the first in ESA’s family of ‘Project for On-Board Autonomy’ missions.
It started life as a technology demonstration satellite and later became an Earth observation mission.
It is highly automated and introduced several mainstream technologies to space, such as, lithium-ion
batteries, use of star trackers for gyro-free attitude control and gallium arsenide solar panel as well
as ESA-developed ERC-32 microprocessors that run its flight computers.
CHRIS
The main hyperspectral CHRIS (Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) goes along with
monochromatic 5-m spatial resolution High Resolution Camera.
Significance of proba-1
Proba-1 mission carry several low-cost, commercial-off-the-shelf systems and components. It is sometimes
described as ‘NewSpace before NewSpace’. This mission continues to deliver imagery to scientists across
the world. It also provides valuable data on longevity of space systems and components.
Proba-2
Launch of Proba-1 was followed by the launch of Sun-observing Proba-2 mission in 2009 and vegetation-
tracking Proba-V mission in 2013 as well as double-satellite Proba-3 for demonstrating precision formation
flying. Proba-3 also seeks to study the Sun’s corona that has been planned for launch in 2023.
European Space Agency (ESA)
ESA is an intergovernmental organisation comprising of 22 member states. It is dedicated for the
exploration of space. ESA was established in 1975. It is headquartered in Paris.

Four Year Integrated Teacher Education Programme notified

Central government has notified a four-year “Integrated Teacher Education Programme”, in line with the
New Education Policy (NEP).
Key Points
With this new notification, BEd course will be integrated. It will be of four-year duration.
Students pursuing a four-year BEd degree, will get BA & BEd or BSc & BEd or BCom & BEd degrees
together.
Earlier, these students were getting these two degrees in five years. But the integrated degree will
provide both degrees in four years and thus, save a year for students.
New integrated course will help in creating teachers who are in sync with the new education policy. New
education policy introduced several changes in the curriculum such as teaching in regional language,
teaching coding to school kids etc. Thus, the new integrated degrees will prepare teachers according to the
need. It will have a new curriculum. New BEd courses will also bring in specialisation in the education of
‘special children’.
Aim of the government
The government has a aim of making four-year integrated Bed, the minimum degree required for teaching by
2030. National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), working under the aegis of Ministry of Education, has
created the curriculum of this course in a way that it enables student-teacher to get degree in education and
specialised discipline like science, mathematics, history, arts, economics, or commerce.
Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP)
Four Year ITEP will start from the academic session 2022-23. Admission for the course will be carried out
by National Testing Agency (NTA) by means of a National Common Entrance Test (NCET). Multidisciplinary
institutes will offer the course. It will be the minimal degree qualification for schoolteachers.
SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme, 2021
Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises launched the “SAMBHAV National Level Awareness
Programme, 2021” in new Delhi on October 27, 2021.
Key Points
With the launch of programme, Union Minister of MSME Narayan Rane called for engagement of
youth in promoting entrepreneurship, which in turn will lead to the economic development of India.
As per Minister new products and services developed by budding entrepreneurs can give cascading
effect for stimulating the related businesses or sectors.
About SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme
The mass outreach program called “SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme” will run for one-
month under the Ministry of MSME. Under the initiative, students from different colleges or ITIs from across
the India will be encouraged to take entrepreneurship. Around 130 field offices of the Ministry will help in
encouraging the students. During the campaign, college students will be made aware of the several
schemes that the Ministry of MSME is implementing through Audio or Video film presentations. These
programmes will be conducted across 1,300 colleges in India, in which around 1,50,000 students will
participate.
Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
MSME is the apex executive body that formulate and administer the rules, regulations and laws related to
micro, small and medium enterprises in India. Narayan Rane is the Minister of Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises. Ministry of Small-Scale Industries and Agro & Rural Industries was established in October 1999.
But it got split into the Ministry of Small-Scale Industries and Ministry of Agro & Rural Industries in the year

2001.
US issues passport with 'X' gender marker
The United States issued first passport with an “X” gender marker, marking a milestone in recognising the
rights of people who are not identified as male or female.
Background
This step was taken following the fight of Dana Zzyym, who is an intersex activist from Fort Collins. Zzyym
has battling legally with the US State Department since 2015 to get a passport that did not require Zzyym to
lie about gender by selecting either male or female.
What is the issue with Zzyym?
Zzyym was born with ambiguous physical sexual characteristics but was raised as a boy. Zzyym underwent
several surgeries that failed to make Zzyym appear fully male. In the Navy, Zzyym served as a male but later
came to identify as intersex while studying and working at Colorado State University. US state department
denial of Zzyym’s passport, stopped Zzyym from attending two Organization Intersex International
meetings.
LGBT rights in US
In the United States, ‘Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights’ have evolved significantly with
time. All 50 states in USA had criminalized same-sex sexual activity until 1962. However, by 2003, USA had
invalidated all the remaining laws against same-sex sexual activity. By 2015, they won the right to marry in
all 50 states in USA. In many states and municipalities of US, LGBT are explicitly protected from
discrimination in housing, employment, and access to public accommodations.
The Changing Wealth of Nations 2021 report
World Bank recently published its report titled “The Changing Wealth of Nations 2021”. As per report, South
Asia suffers the most in terms of loss of human capital loss because of air pollution.
Highlights
Latest edition of the report has measured wealth creation and distribution among 146 countries. It
covers a 20-year period from 1995 to 2018.
World Bank included gross domestic product, human capital, human-produced capital, and natural
capital such as renewable & non-renewable natural resources to measure the wealth.
According to the bank, human capital is defined as “earnings over a person’s lifetime.”
Key findings of the report
As per report, human capital was the largest source of worldwide wealth. In the year 2018, it
comprised of 64 per cent of total global wealth.
Middle-income countries increased their investment in human capital as a result, their share of global
human capital wealth increased significantly.
In South Asia, human capital accounts for 50 per cent of total wealth in the region. This figure did not
change during the survey period. Thus, report highlights the importance of a healthy workforce.
Concerns highlighted in the report
As per report, air pollution was impacting this significant wealth generator. South Asian region was
most severely affected by estimated human capital loss because of air pollution.
No such human capital loss due to air pollution was quantified in other regions.
Wealth in South Asia has increased since 1995. But its per capita wealth is among the lowest across
the world due to population growth, as compared to sub-Saharan Africa.
Gender disparity: about 80 per cent of wealth in the region was attributed to men.
Civil Aviation Minister launches Krishi UDAN 2.0
The Ministry of Civil Aviation launched “Krishi Udan 2.0 scheme” on October 27, 2021.

Key Points
Under “Krishi Udan 2.0 scheme”, cargo-related infrastructure will be built in airports of hilly, tribal, and
north-east regions.
Such infrastructure will help in assisting farmers to transport agriculture products.
Krishi Udan Scheme
Central government had launched Krishi Udan scheme in September 2020. Under the scheme, airport
charges like parking charges & terminal navigational landing charges were waived off. Charges were waived
off if the agricultural cargo is more than 50 per cent of the total chargeable weight carried.
Krishi Udan 2.0
Under Krishi Udan 2.0, central government has planned for granting full waiver of airport charges at select
airports. Waiver would be given even if agricultural cargo is lower than 50 per cent of total chargeable
weight carried. Centre will also facilitate the development of hub and spoke model across India.
Government will also create cargo terminals at the airports in phase-wise manner. Moreover, government
will encourage states to reduce sales tax to one per cent on aviation turbine fuel, which is used in freighter
aircraft and passenger aircraft for transporting cargo.
Cargo terminals
Under the scheme, cargo terminals will be established at the airports in Agartala, Dibrugarh, Srinagar,
Hubbali, Dimapur, Jorhat, Imphal, Silchar, Lilabari, Lucknow, Tirupati, Tezpur, Tirupati and Tuticorin by
2022.
In between 2022-23, cargo terminals will be established at airports in Ahmedabad, Jharsuguda,
Bhavnagar, Mysore, Kozhikode, Rajkot, Puducherry, and Vijayawada.
Aim of the scheme
The scheme has been launched with the aim of channelising the immense potential of Indian agriculture
with logistical help of civil aviation in a bid to achieve the goal of doubling farmers’ income. It will also help
in alleviating wastage of farm produce and increase its value.
e-Kushal platform
This online platform would be developed under Krishi Udan 2.0 scheme for facilitating information
dissemination to stakeholders with respect to transportation of agriculture produce.
National Cybersecurity Strategy in final stages
India is in the final stage of clearing the National Cybersecurity Strategy in the aftermath of increasing
cyber-attacks and threats from nation-state actors against India.
Key Facts
India has become one of the most cyber-attacked nations across the world. About 4 million malwares
are detected here on daily basis.
India also has a large attack surface comprising of 1.15 billion phones and more than 700 million
Internet users.
This, India have been working on the “National Cybersecurity Strategy” for last two years, which is in
the cabinet for the final approval.
India’s rank in Global Cybersecurity Index
India has managed to avoid any major cyber-attacks or threats. As a result, in Global Cybersecurity Index
2021, India has jumped from 47 to 10.
Challenges with policy
As the policy is implemented, country will face the challenge of addressing cyber-skilling. As per report,
there will be around 1.5 million job vacancies in cybersecurity in India by 2025.

Cyber-Shikshaa programme
Microsoft and Data Security Council of India (DSCI) have invested in the ‘Cyber-Shikshaa programme’. This
programme will help in creating a pool of skilled women security professionals in India. Microsoft is also
coordinating with MeitY to skill security leaders in cybersecurity.
National Cyber Security Strategy 2020
National Cyber Security Strategy 2020 was drafted with the aim of improving cyber awareness and
cybersecurity by means of stringent audits. Under the policy, empanelled cyber auditors will carefully look at
the security features of organisations. To reinforce the idea that cyber-attacks can happen on regular basis,
table-top cyber crisis management exercises will be conducted.
QCI sets up expert team to execute proposed ONDC
Indian government is to set up a private sector-led non-profit company to fast-track the implementation of
proposed “Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) initiative”.
Key Points
Open Network for Digital Commerce Initiative will be implemented by the Department for Promotion
of Industry & Internal Trade (DPIIT).
Entity is also expected to provide a start-up mindset, enabled by management with a futuristic vision,
comfort with cutting edge technology, deep understanding of commerce and a missionary outlook to
drive change.
About ONDC
ONDC will be implemented with the aim of democratising digital commerce, in a bid to move it from a
platform-centric model to an open network. This is like democratization of digital payment system by
Unified Payment Interface (UPI).
The initiative will enable, buyers & sellers to be digitally visible and transact through an open network,
regardless of the platform or application they use.
Initiative also aims to empower merchants and consumers by breaking departments to form a single
network for driving innovation & scale and transforming all the businesses ranging from food, retail
goods, to mobility.
It will help in developing the network by adopting & building enabling technology and encouraging
voluntary participation of the eco-system players.
It will also establish a code of conduct and rules of network to bring in discipline.
ONDC will also provide foundational services to manage the network such as digital infrastructure for
network, grievance redressal etc.
Quality Council of India (QCI)
QCI was set up as a public private partnership model under the Societies Registration Act in 1997, for
providing accreditation services to several sectors for persons, product, and services.
India applies for vaccine loans from ADB & AIIB
India applied for a $2 billion loan from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Asian Infrastructure Investment
Bank (AIIB) to purchase about 700 million Covid-19 vaccines.
Highlights
India applied for the loan as it seeks to boost immunisation rate of eligible population here.
This application was meant to leverage India’s membership of the multilateral financing institutions
(ADB & AIIB).
These financing institutions are expected to process India’s loan request soon.
This loan amount will be used to purchase which will be used to purchase 667 million Covid-19
vaccines to immunize at least 317 million people across 19 states in India.

ADB has agreed to provide $1.5 billion while AIIB will provide another $500 million.
Government of India will put in around $58 million for the vaccine project.
Vaccine Project
Project will support the procurement of safe & effective vaccines against Covid-19. it implemented under
Asia-Pacific Vaccine Access Facility, mechanism of ADB.
Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility (APVAX)
The Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility is worth $9 billion vaccine initiative by ADB. This initiative provides
equitable support to its developing member countries in procurement of Covid-19 vaccines.
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
AIIB is a multilateral development bank, set up with the aim of improving economic and social outcomes in
Asia. Bank comprises of 103 members, including 16 prospective members from the world. It started
operating on December 25, 2015.
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
This regional development bank was established on December 19, 1966. Its headquarter is in Philippines. It
also has 31 field offices across the world for promoting social & economic development in Asia.
‘Knock every door’ campaign for Second-dose Vaccination
Union Health Ministry has asked states and Union Territories to come up with district-level plan and launch
a “Har Ghar Dastak” (Knock every door) campaign across poor performing districts.
Key Facts
Central government has also asked states & union territories to set up the ante, in those areas where
first & second dose vaccination coverage is below the national average.
Har Ghar Dastak campaign will be initiated with the aim of scaling up the Covid-19 vaccination drive.
Under the campaign, vaccine vans will be introduced, and exercise will be reviewed on daily basis.
Vaccine coverage
In India, currently 10.38 Crore people are due to get their second dose of vaccine from 17 states, as of
October 27, 2021. More than 1.6 crore people are from Uttar Pradesh, 1.1 Crore from Madhya Pradesh, 76
lakhs in Maharashtra, 86 lakhs in Rajasthan, 60 lakhs in Tamil Nadu while 72 lakhs in Bihar are due for their
second doses.
Cut-off for vaccine coverage
Central government has set-up a cut-off of 77% coverage for first dose while 33% cut off for second dose.
These figures are also the national averages of respectively the first and second shot.
Other steps to boost vaccination
Centre is preparing special initiative to sensitise people and tell them that covid-19 vaccine is the only
protection against covid-19 disease.
Centre might ask states to launch a special drive for vaccination.
States under focus
Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh are the states under focus because of low vaccination
rate. For instance, In Bihar, vaccination coverage stands at 39% for first dose while 13% for second dose.
Ballistic missile Agni-V successfully test-fired
India has successfully test-fired a surface-to-surface ballistic missile called Agni-5 on October 27, 2021.
Key Point
The missile was launched from APJ Abdul Kalam Island off Odisha coast.
The missile uses a three-stage solid-fuelled engine, which can strike the targets up to the range of
5000-km with a very high degree of accuracy.

Credible Minimum Deterrence

The successful launch of the Agni-5 missile aligns with India’s policy to have a “credible minimum
deterrence”. This policy underpins the commitment of ‘No First Use’.
Who built Agni-5?
The Agni-5 missile has been built by the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO).
Background
The first test of the Agni-5 missile was carried out in April 2012. Last test was conducted around three
years ago in 2018.
About Agni-V
Agni-V is an Indian nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). It has been developed by the
Defence Research and Development Organisation. Missile is having a range of around 5000 to 8000 km. It is
a three-stage, solid-fuelled and road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile. It is transported by a truck and
launched using a canister.
Significance of Agni V
Agni V is used to enhance India’s nuclear deterrence against China. Earlier, the longest-range missile in
India was Agni-III, which had the range of 3000–3500 km. This range was not sufficient to reach targets
eastern and north-eastern region of China. Thus, DRDO was working on the upgraded version of this missile
called Agni-V since 2007.
G-20 joint Finance, Health ministers meet in Rome
Union Minister of Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman, is on the official visit to Italy for
attending ‘G20 Joint Finance and Health Ministers’ meeting in Rome.
Highlights
On the official visit, she will discuss measures to strengthen COVID-19 pandemic preparedness,
prevention, and response.
This meeting will be held, before the G20 Rome Summit.
G20 Heads of State and Government Summit is scheduled to held on October 30th and 31st 2021 in
Rome.
Ministers of Economy and Finance will also take part in the event.
G20 Rome Summit
G20 Rome Summit is the climax of G20 process and the final stage of intense work, at the Leaders’ level,
which is carried out within the Ministerial Meetings, Engagement Groups and Working Groups throughout
the year. This summit will be the 16th G20 gathering at Heads of State & Government level.
Location of the meeting
The working meetings of Heads of State and Government is scheduled to held at Rome Convention Centre
‘La Nuvola’.
Background
The first G20 heads of the state & government was held in Washington in November 2008. While the last
meeting was held virtually under the Presidency of Saudi Arabia in November 2020.
About G20
G20 is an intergovernmental forum. It comprises of 19 countries and European Union (EU). The group works
for addressing major issues related to global economy like climate change mitigation, international financial
stability, and sustainable development. It comprises of world’s largest economies, including developed as
well as developing nations. It accounts for 90 percent of gross world product (GWP).
MeitY organised “AI Pe Charcha” (AI Dialogue)
The National e Governance Division (NeGD) of the Ministry of Electronics and IT organised “AI Pe Charcha

(AI Dialogue)” on October 28, 2021.

Theme of the dialogue
AI Pe Charcha was organised under the theme- “AI for Date Driven Governance”.
Aim of the session
This session was organised with the aim of covering importance of data driven and AI-enabled governance
along with best practices from across the globe.
About AI Pe Charcha
AI Pe Charcha is an initiative of “Ministry of Electronics & IT”. It is a series of panel discussions, which
involves several global and domestic leaders from Government as well as industry. In the event, researchers
& academicians share their views & experiences on Artificial Intelligence, breakthrough innovations, related
case studies, best practices from world as well as challenges faced in the field of Artificial Intelligence.
Topic of discussion
In the ‘AI for Data Driven Governance’ session, experts will speak about leveraging AI for Public Sector,
Postal Services, Defence & Security and Future Cities. They will also showcase a “presentation on important
AI-driven solutions” which have played an important role amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Potential of AI in India
As per PwC report, by 2030, AI have potential to provide a global economic value addition of up to USD 15.7
trillion. After recognising this potential, government of India released “National Strategy for Artificial
Intelligence (NSAI)” in 2018. This strategy is a roadmap for the government for adopting artificial
intelligence in a bid to increase efficiency in delivery of services. India also deregulated the geospatial
sector and allowed private players to bring state-of-the-art solutions in this sector and bring innovation in
AI-enabled hotspot mapping & analytics. This will lead to transformation in sectors like health and
infrastructure. It will also help in designing climate change resilient cities.
October 29, 2021
PM Economic Advisory Council reconstituted
Government of India reconstituted the seven-member Economic Advisory Council (EAC) to the prime
minister on October 27, 2021.
Key Points
New EAC was constituted after its tenure ended in the month of September 2021.
It has been reconstituted for a period of two years.
Part time members
Former RBI deputy governor Rakesh Mohan, NCAER director-general Poonam Gupta and IIM-Ahmedabad
professor TT Ram Mohan were appointed as new part-time members. Other part time members are Debroy,
Neelkanth Mishra, Sajid Chenoy and Neelkanth Mishra. While V Anantha Nageswaran, dean of IFMR
Graduate School of Business in Krea University, has been removed as member.
Chairman of the council
Bibek Debroy will continues to be the chairman of council.
Responsibilities of the council
Council has been charged with the responsibility to analyse any issue, economic or otherwise, which
are referred to it by the prime minister.
It will also address the issues of macroeconomic importance and present its views on it, to the PM.
These responsibilities could be either suo-motu or on reference from the PM or any other person.
Council may attend to any other task, as PM will assign from time to time.
About EAC-PM
EAC-PM is an independent body, which advises the government on economic and policy-related matters. It

was first constituted in September 2017 for a period of two years. It replaced the erstwhile PMEAC, which
was chaired by former governor of Reserve Bank of India, C Rangarajan.
Bibek Debroy
Bibek Debroy was a member of NITI Aayog from 2015 to 2019. He is an alumnus of Delhi School of
Economics and Presidency College of Kolkata. He was conferred the Padma Shri in 2015.
PM proposes India-ASEAN start-up festival
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has proposed an India-ASEAN start-up festival on October 28, 2021.
Highlights
This announcement was made in a virtual meeting of leaders of ASEAN at “18 th India-ASEAN
Summit”.
On the occasion, PM also called for an early review of ASEAN India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in
goods, which India has been asking for Indian businesses to gain better market access in ASEAN
region.
Significance of FTA
ASEAN approval for reviewing FTA is important for India to address the problem of non-tariff barriers that
Indian businesses face. India’s trade deficit with ASEAN region has widened since 2010, when FTA was
implemented. Thus, to bridge the trade deficit, bloc should initiate some measures.
India-ASEAN start-up festival
India-ASEAN start-up festival was announced as a part of friendship year celebration between India &
ASEAN in the year 2022. It was announced outlining the importance of technology & innovation in post
covid-19 economic recovery.
India-ASEAN relations
India’s relationship with ASEAN is a significant pillar of its foreign policy. This relationship acts as the
foundation of Act East Policy. India and ASEAN share 25 years of Dialogue Partnership, 5 years of Strategic
Partnership and 15 years of Summit Level interaction with ASEAN.
Economic relations
ASEAN is the fourth largest trading partner of India. India’s trade with ASEAN accounts for 10.6% of India’s
overall trade. India’s export to ASEAN accounts for 11.28% of the total exports. ASEAN-India Free Trade
Area has also been completed.
ASEAN India-Business Council (AIBC)
AIBC was set up in 2003 for brining key private sector players from India and ASEAN on a single platform.
People to People ties
Both the bloc run programmes like inviting ASEAN students to India, Exchange of Parliamentarians, Special
Training Course for ASEAN diplomats etc to strengthen the people to people ties.
MEITY: Deep Dive Online Training Programme
Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) is organising the “Deep Dive Online Training
Programme” with the aim of strengthening cyber security ecosystem in India.
Key Points
This is week-long training programme, which is being organised for Chief Information Security
officers (CISO) along with Technical Heads, Departments & organisations from central & state
governments, front-line IT staff representing different Ministries, Bank organisations and PSUs.
Programme started on October 25 and will conclude on October 30, 2021. Timing of the programme
coincide with the National Cyber Security Awareness Month celebrations.
Deep Dive Online Training Programme
Deep Dive Online Training Programme is a part of the series of workshops, that are organised by

National e-Governance Division under the Cyber Surakshit Bharat initiative.

This programme will help the CISOs and other participants in equipping themselves with better
understanding of changing dynamics of the cyber environment across the world.
It seeks to help CISOs so that they can translate the benefits of a secure cyber space to citizens and
individual organisations.
Role of CISOs
CISOs are engaged in gap analysis of the cyber security within the organisation. On the basis of analysis,
they come out with plan & strategy for bridging gap and take corrective actions.
Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative
Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative was launched by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology
(MeitY) in January 2018. It is the first of its kind public-private partnership initiative. It leverages the
expertise of IT industry in cybersecurity. Knowledge partners of the training program are CERT-In, CDAC,
STQC and NIC.
State of the climate in Asia 2020 Report
UN’s World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) released its annual report titled “State of the climate in
Asia” on October 25, 2021.
Key Findings of report
As per report, in 2020, Asia suffered its hottest year on record.
Report notes that, extreme weather is taking a heavy toll on development of the continent.
In 2020, Extreme weather and climate change in Asia has resulted into loss of life of thousands of
people, cost billions of dollars, displaced millions of others, and wreaked a heavy toll on
infrastructure & ecosystems.
As per report, sustainable development is threatened because health risks, food & water insecurity,
and environmental degradation is increasing.
Increased heat and humidity are forecast will also lead to an effective loss of outdoor working hours
in Asia.
Several weathers and climate-related displacements across Asia are prolonged. People are unable to
return home or integrate locally.
In 2020 floods and storms affected around 50 million people in Asia, causing about 5,000 fatalities.
Total average losses across countries
China suffered an estimated loss of $238 billion, India suffered $87 billion, Japan suffered $83 billion
while South Korea suffered $24 billion.
Considering the size of economy, average annual losses are likely to be as high as 7.9 percent of
gross domestic product (GDP) for Tajikistan, 5.8 percent for Laos and 5.9 percent for Cambodia.
Warmest Year in Asia
The warmest year on record in Asia, witnessed the mean temperature 1.39 degrees Celsius above as
compared to 1981-2010 average. 38 degrees Celsius was recorded at Verkhoyansk in Russia, which is the
highest known temperature in north of the Arctic Circle.
WMO releases GHG bulletin
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, recently.
Key Facts
As per Bulletin, abundance of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new
record again in the year 2020.
Annual rate of increase was above the 2011-2020 average.
Report notes that, the trend has continued in 2021.

Concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) increased to 413.2 parts per million in 2020. It accounted for
149% of the pre-industrial level.
Methane (CH4) accounted for 262% and nitrous oxide (N2O) accounted for 123% of 1750 levels, when
human activities started disrupting the natural equilibrium of Earth
Report notes that, economic slowdown due to COVID-19 did not have any impact on the levels of
greenhouse gases and their growth rates. However, there was a temporary decline in new emissions.
In between 1990-2020, radiative forcing by greenhouse gases increased by 47%, in which CO2
accounted for 80% of this increase.
Emissions and Global Temperature
Global temperature will continue to rise as long as emissions continue. As CO2 has a long life, current
temperature level will persist for several decades even if emissions rapidly reduced to net zero. Presently,
half of the CO2 emitted by human activities remains in the atmosphere while other half is taken up by land
and oceans ecosystems.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
WMO is a specialized agency of United Nations which is responsible for promoting international
cooperation on climatology, hydrology, atmospheric science, and geophysics. It originated from
International Meteorological Organization, which is a nongovernmental organization founded in 1873.
Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Sarthak’ inaugurated
The Director General of Indian Coast Guard (ICG), K Natarajan, commissioned the indigenously built Indian
Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) “Sarthak” on October 28, 2021.
Key Points
Commissioning of the ship is a significant boost for the maritime safety and security of India.
ICGS Sarthak will be based at Porbandar in Gujarat.
It will operate on the Western Seaboard of India, under the Operational and Administrative Control of
the Commander of Coast Guard Region (Northwest).
It is commanded by Deputy Inspector, General MM Syed while11 Officers & 110 men will also
complement him.
Who built ICGS Sarthak?
ICGS Sarthak is the 4th ship among the series of five OPVs, which are being built for ICG by Goa
Shipyard Limited.
These OPVs are multi-mission platforms and are capable of undertaking concurrent operations.
About ICGS Sarthak
ICGS is a 105-meter-long ship displacing 2,450 tons. It is propelled by two 9,100-kilowatt diesel engines.
The ship has been designed to attain a maximum speed of 26 knots. Ship is fitted with state-of-the-art
equipment, machinery, weapons and sensors that enables it to function as a command platform. The ship
also undertakes the mandated Coast Guard charter of duties like search & rescue, preserving & protecting
marine environment and combating maritime crimes. It is a significant example of Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Indian Coast Guard (ICG)
ICG is a maritime law enforcement and search & rescue agency, operating under the Ministry of defence of
India. Its jurisdiction is over the territorial waters of India, including the contiguous zone & exclusive
economic zone. The agency was established on February 1, 1977 under the Coast Guard Act, 1978.
I&B Minister of Bangladesh inaugurates Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra
The Information and Broadcasting minister of Bangladesh, Dr Hasan Mahmud, inaugurated Bangabandhu
Sambad Kendra on October 28, 2021.

Highlights
Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra was inaugurated at the Kolkata Press Club.
It was inaugurated on the occasion of golden jubilee of the independence of Bangladesh as well as
birth centenary of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Inauguration of the Kendra signifies the contribution of journalists of Kolkata Press Club in the
liberation war of Bangladesh.
During the inauguration ceremony, five journalists were felicitated.
Who is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman?
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a Bangladeshi politician, statesman and Founding Father of Bangladesh. He
served as the first President of Bangladesh. Later he served as Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1971
until his assassination in 1975. He is the driving force behind the independence of Bangladesh. He is called
as “Bangabandhu” by the people of Bangladesh.
Independence Day of Bangladesh
Independence Day of Bangladesh is marked on March 26, every year. The day commemorates the
Bangladesh’s declaration of independence from Pakistan on March 26, 1971. In the year 2017, Google had
displayed a doodle commemorating the Independence Day of Bangladesh on its bd domain. Year 2021
marks the Golden Jubilee of the Independence of Bangladesh.
Independence Day Award
The award is bestowed upon Bangladesh citizens or organizations on the eve of Independence Day. It is an
annual award, established in 1977. It is given for contribution in Independence War, Language Movement,
education, journalism, literature, public service, medical science, social science, science-technology, games,
music, sports, fine arts, rural development etc.
India’s CEC visits Uzbekistan as International Observer for Presidential Elections
Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India, Sushil Chandra, led a three-member delegation to Uzbekistan to
oversee the presidential election, that was held on October 24, 2021.
Key Points
Indian delegation was present in Uzbekistan, from October 21-25 to oversee the presidential election,
as an international observer.
President of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, won the election with more than 80% of the vote. He has
been re-elected for a second five-year term.
During the visit of Indian delegation, CEC Sushil Chandra and election commission of Uzbekistan led
by Zainiddin Nizamkhodjaev, held a meeting on electoral cooperation.
CEC highlighted the recent conduct of elections in India, and several avenues to strengthen electoral
ties between both the countries by signing a MoU on electoral cooperation and training & capacity-
building programmes.
During the trip, Indian delegation visited some of the district-level election commissions for observing
the initiatives taken there by the Uzbekistan CEC.
They also visited polling stations and examined several aspects of the conduct of elections such as
voters’ lists, early voting mechanisms and identification of voters.
India-Uzbekistan election cooperation
Election Commission of India (ECI) organises “International Election Visitors Programmes (IEVP)” during
the poles. Uzbek delegates have been participating in the event regularly.
International Election Observation
International Election Observation has become an important mechanism to ensure election integrity in
countries which are undergoing transition to democracy or in post-conflict societies. International helps in

raising the confidence of voter and evaluate the legitimacy of an electoral process. This mechanism
promotes bilateral exchanges of knowledge & information on electoral practices. International observer
missions are organised by actors like European Union, African Union, OSCE, IRI, Carter Centre, OAS, Council
of Europe etc.
Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021
th
6 Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021 was inaugurated on October 28, 2021 by the Pune
International Centre (PIC).
Key Points
It is a two-day virtual conference, in which National Security Advisor Ajit Doval delivered the inaugural
address.
Conference will also witness a keynote address by Dr Soumya Swaminathan who happens to be the
Chief Scientist of the World Health Organisation.
Theme of the conference
Pune Dialogue on National Security 2021 was organised under the theme- ‘National Security Preparedness
in the Age of Disasters and Pandemics’.
During the meeting, participants will discuss the impact of disasters and pandemics on the national
security of India. They will also suggest strategies to deal with disasters.
Conference will be addressed by Gen N C Vij (retd), NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Dr Rajiv Kumar, Vice
Chairman of National Disaster Management Authority and former Chief of the Army Staff.
They will hold discussions on disaster risk reduction as part of national security as well as on role of
science & technology and imperatives.
About PDNS
PDNS is held by PIC in collaboration with the Policy Perspectives Foundation (PPF) of New Delhi, Centre for
Advanced Strategic Studies (CASS) and The Tribune Trust of Chandigarh.
Highlights of NSA’s address
National Security Advisor (NSA), Ajit Doval, highlighted that “deliberate weaponization of dangerous
pathogens” is a matter of serious concern. He also called for the need of building comprehensive national
capabilities as well as bio-defence, bio-security & bio-safety. He also expressed the concerns over climate
change issue.
6th edition of National Formulary of India (NFI)
Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, Mansukh Mandaviya, launched the Sixth Edition of National
Formulary of India (NFI) on October 25, 2021.
Key Facts
NFI was published by the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) for promoting rational use of
medicines in India.
On the occasion, Minister appreciated the efforts of all the experts, doctors & researchers who made
efforts towards the compilation of new edition.
About NFI
According to Minister, NFI 2021 would act as the guidance document for all the healthcare
professionals like pharmacists, clinicians, dentists, nurses, etc.
NFI will also play a significant role in daily clinical practices.
It is published to promote rational use of medicines in India.
The document will be beneficial for clinicians and healthcare professionals, while they are prescribing
medicines to the patients.

Principle of NFI 2021

6th edition of NFI 2021 was drafted by adopting the principle “do not miss critical and do not overload” the
information by revising chapters, appendices, and drug monographs. Chapters like Analgesics, Antipyretics
& Anti-inflammatory drugs, Antacids & Antiulcer, Antiepileptics, Antiallergics & Drugs Used in Anaphylaxis,
Diuretics, Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Drugs in Osteoporosis etc were revised by involving the
subject-specific experts in India.
Salient features of NFI 2021
NFI 2021 comprise of 34 therapeutic categories chapters like 591 drug monographs and 23
appendices.
It is aligned with National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) and National Health Programmes.
Important weblinks related to NLEM, NHP, drugs banned in India, immunisation schedule, drugs
banned in sports are provided for information to readers.
PAC Study: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana emerged toppers in Governance Performance
In the recent study of Public Affairs Centre (PAC) on governance performance, Kerala, Tamil Nadu &
Telangana have emerged as the toppers.
Key facts
Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Telangana emerged as winners among 18 large states in governance
performance.
Telangana has replaced Andhra Pradesh at the third spot as compared to 2020 ranking.
Jharkhand jumped from 15th to 9th place this year.
In the index, Sikkim, Goa and Mizoram were emerged as winners among the small states.
Puducherry, Jammu & Kashmir and Chandigarh emerged as toppers among the union territories.
Public Affairs Centre (PAC) is a Bengaluru-based non-profit think tank.
Public Affairs Index (PAI 2021)
Public Affairs Index has been prepared based on the scores secured by states in governance
performance on the pillars of equity, sustainability and growth.
Gujarat was ranked at fifth position, Karnataka at seventh position while Maharashtra at the 12th
position.
The index is purely evidence-based assessment of the performance of states. It uses central
government data sources for assessing the performance.
PAC Study
PAC study is the annual assessment of adequacy & quality of governance in states.
It assesses the states on the basis of their implementation of centrally sponsored-programmes of
rural employment guarantee scheme, integrated child development service, national health mission,
mid-day meal scheme and Samagra Siksha Abhiyan.
Covid-19 response index
In the PAC 2021 study, Covid-19 response index is the main highlight. The index is an analysis of the
governance response of states towards the covid-19 pandemic. It also highlights the degree of success
achieved by states in mitigating its impact.
CII Asia Health 2021 summit
CII Asia Health 2021 summit was held in October 28, 2021.
Highlights
Summit was addressed by the union minister for Health & Family Welfare, Dr Mansukh Mandaviya.
In his address minister noted that, with the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Health has been
linked with development in India. Earlier, health was meant for treatment only. Linkage of health with

development will bring health & prosperity in India.

He also emphasized that, Preventive care is an essential component of health sector. Initiatives like
Yoga, Khelo India etc play a significant role in realising the aim of healthy society.
According to him, Government is committed to Access, Accountability, Affordability, Adoption and
Awareness for a better future of healthcare sector. Government has also been working towards
achieving these objectives.
Schemes launched by government
Minister noted that, government has launched schemes like Ayushman Bharat Jan Arogya Yojana (health
insurance scheme), Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) for generic medicines,
Ayushman Health & Wellness Centres, PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission, Ayushman
Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) to make healthcare accessible & affordable.
Theme of the Summit
CII Asia Health 2021 summit is organised under the theme “Transforming Healthcare for a better
tomorrow”.
From Token to Total Health
Government has been working by focusing on the theme of ‘From Token to Total Health’. Prime minister had
launched the “PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission” on October 25, 2021 to strengthen the
healthcare infrastructure in India.
Technology and healthcare
On link between technology and healthcare, minister noted that, there is a need to adopt technologies like
Nano and Robotic in the Health sector. For instance, Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission utilises the digital
ecosystem to further ease of living.
October 30, 2021
BRICS Joint Statistical Publication- Highlights
The 13th Meeting of Heads of National Statistical Offices of BRICS Countries was held virtually on October
28, 2021, under the Chairship of India.
Highlights
Meeting was chaired by Dr. G. P. Samanta, who happens to be the Chief Statistician of India &
Secretary of Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
Representatives from National Statistical Offices (NSOs) of the BRICS Countries attended the
meeting.
In the meeting, JSP (Joint Statistical Publication) 2021 and JSP Snapshot 2021 for BRICS Countries
were released.
Speakers from BRICS NSOs spoke on efforts taken so far and future plan with respect to data &
methodologies in monitoring the SDGs.
Heads of NSOs further acknowledged the importance of collaboration & exchange of best practices
regularly to bridge the data gaps for supporting policymakers in evidence-based decision making.
Theme of the meeting
The 13th Meeting of Heads of National Statistical Offices of BRICS countries was held under the theme-
“NSOs efforts in monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”.
Joint Statistical Publication 2021 (JSP 2021)
First chapter of JSP 2021 highlights a general information with comparable statistics of the BRICS countries
namely, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. On the other hand, other 14 chapters provides different
aspects of the past development as well as current status of the individual nations.

JSP Snapshot 2021

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India also brought the first BRICS JSP Snapshot 2021. It is a shorter
version of Joint Statistical Publication. It is released for engagement of wide range of users, in accordance
with the agreement by member countries.
Gati Shakti Express inaugurated
Indian Railway has introduced a special train 01684/01683 called Gati Shakti Express to ease the extra rush
of passengers during festive seasons like Diwali and Chhath Puja.
Highlights
Train will run between Anand Vihar Terminal-Patna-Anand Vihar Terminal.
Train has been introduced for the convenience of rail passengers by clearing extra rush of
passengers during festivals.
The special train comprises of 20 new 3 AC Economy coaches.
Train No. 01684 will depart from Anand Vihar Terminal at 11.10 p.m. on October 29 & 31, November
2, 5, & 7 and will arrive at Patna Junction at 03.45 p.m. the next day.
It will halt at Kanpur Central, Prayagraj junction, Varanasi, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Junction, &
Danapur stations enroute.
About Gati Shakti Express coaches
The design and look of the Gati Shakti Express train have been improved comprising of illuminated
seat numbers and fire proof material.
Each coach is having 83 berths, which is 11 more than the number of berths in existing three tier AC
coaches.
New coach has comfortable & ergonomically designed climbing ladders to climb on middle and upper
berths.
It comprises of individuals AC vents, USB charging sockets and reading lights for all passengers.
Coaches are also equipped with foldable snack tables as well as elegant bottle holders.
They have been made Divyang-friendly.
Toilets have a modern, elegant look and they provide passenger-friendly fittings.
Cost & speed
Each of coach costs around Rs 2.76 crore. The train is fit to run at 160 kmph speed.
Chennai-Mysore-Chennai Shatabdi Express: First IMS certified train
Chennai-Mysore-Chennai Shatabdi Express was given IMS certification recently.
Key Points
This train has become the first Integrated Management Systems (IMS) certified train of the Southern
Railway.
It has also become the first Shatabdi train as well as second mail or express train of Indian Railways
to receive this certification.
Certification was granted by the certification agency following a comprehensive audit and duly
verifying adherence to all the norms by Railways.
Significance of the certification
The IMS certificate has been provided for maintenance and better use of environment-friendly resources.
The certification will also offer travel comfort.
What is IMS certification?
Integrated management systems (IMS) certification is a holistic approach, combining multiple aspects of
the performance of the organisation to meet the requirements of various management system standards.
These include standards like:

1. ISO 9001 for quality management

2. ISO 14001 for environmental management
3. ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety
4. ISO 27001 for Information Security and
5. ISO 50001 for energy management.
Significance of IMS certification
IMS certification increases efficiencies by using simplified processes and documentation. Thus, it
eliminates the elemental approach, lower down the effort duplication, improve the performance of system
and reduces costs.
What does this certification mean?
It means that certification for multiple management system standards is evaluated in a single &
comprehensive audit. With this certification, organisations spend less time on preparing audits &
responding to their findings. Thus, overall investment of time and money reduces.
RBI: All micro loans must be collateral-free
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has proposed to make micro-lending collateral-free for all the lenders,
rather than just for microfinance institutions (MFIs).
Highlights
This proposal was announced by RBI deputy governor Rajeshwar Rao while he was delivering the
inaugural address at Sa-Dhan National Conference on ‘Revitalising financial inclusion’.
In his address, he noted that, current regulations on financial inclusion have created a non-level
playing field.
What is the current scenario?
Current regulatory framework was implemented with the objective of making credit available to low-
income households as well for protecting borrowers from harsh recovery practices of the lenders.
This regulatory framework is applicable only to NBFC-MFIs.
On the other hand, lenders with share of around 70% in microfinance portfolio, are not subjected to
similar regulatory conditions.
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)
MFI is an organization, offering financial services to the low-income populations. These services comprise
of micro-savings, microloans, and microinsurance. These are the financial companies to provide small
loans to people who do not have access to banking facilities.
Small Loans
In India, loans below Rs.1 lakh are considered as small loans or microloans. In most of the cases, interest
rates are lower than what are charged by normal banks.
Growth of micro finance sector
Microfinance sector in India has grown rapidly in past few decades. It is serving about 102 million bank and
small finance bank accounts of poor population.
Who regulates MFIs?
In India, MFIs are regulated by RBI’s “Non-Banking Financial Company -Micro Finance Institutions (Reserve
Bank) Directions, 2011”.
Facebook rebrands as 'Meta'
Facebook Inc. has changed its name and logo to Meta Platforms Inc. on October 28, 2021.
Highlights
Facebook Inc. has been renamed to Meta Platforms Inc., or Meta to reflect its commitment to
develop the new surround-yourself technology called as “metaverse.”

However, the social network will still be called as Facebook.

Chief executive, senior leadership and its corporate structure are unchanged as of now.
Rebranding of the company is part of its big plan to develop a virtual world and to bring the “apps and
technologies of company under one new company brand”.
Background
Ever since Facebook was launched in 2004, it has purchased social media apps like Instagram and
WhatsApp. It has also invested in technologies like video-calling device Portal, virtual reality system Oculus
and digital wallet Novi. However, sceptics are also suggesting that this move is an attempt to move
attention away from the Facebook papers leak.
What is Facebook papers leak?
Facebook papers were leaked by a former Facebook employee. These papers revealed how Facebook
ignored or downplayed the internal warnings regarding the negative and harmful consequences that its
social network algorithms created or magnified in the world. It reveals that, Facebook was putting profits
ahead of ridding its platform of hate, misinformation and political strife across the globe.
What is metaverse?
The metaverse is sort of internet brought to life and are rendered in 3D. it is a “virtual environment” wherein
people can go inside, instead of just looking at on the screen. Through this platform, people can meet, play
and work using virtual reality headsets, smartphone apps and augmented reality glasses.
Indian Navy’s stealth frigate Tushil launched in Russia
The seventh frigate of P1135.6 class was launched on October 28, 2021 for the Indian Navy.
Highlights
Frigate was launched at Yantar Shipyard in Russia’s Kaliningrad.
Indian Ambassador to Russia, D Bala Venkatesh Varma as well as senior dignitaries of the Russian
Federation were present on the occasion.
Background
Government of India and Russia had signed an agreement in October 2016 to construct four additional
P1135.6 class ships, two in Russia while two in India.
About the ships
Frigate ships feature “stealth technology” with respect to low radar and underwater noise signatures. Both
the ships will be delivered from Russia by 2023. During the inaugural ceremony, this ship was named as
“Tushil”. It means protector shield in Sanskrit.
How ship was constructed?
The ship was constructed on the basis of specific requirements by Indian Navy to meet the entire spectrum
of naval warfare across all the three dimensions of surface, sub-surface and air.
Features of the ships
These ships are the example of potent combination of state-of-art Indian and Russian weapons and
sensors. They are equipped to operate as a single unit as well as consort of naval task force in Littoral and
Blue waters. They feature stealth technology with respect to low radar and underwater noise signatures.
Ships are also being equipped with major Indian-supplied equipment like surface-to-surface missiles,
surface surveillance radar, sonar system, communication suite and anti-submarine warfare system.
Andhra Pradesh: Cabinet gives nod for caste-based census
Andhra Pradesh Cabinet has decided to request the Centre to take up caste-based census to mention other
backward classes (OBCs) in the national census for 2021.
Highlights
Cabinet authorized the state backward classes minister Venugopala Krishna, for moving a request

resolution in upcoming assembly session to take up caste census of OBCs.

Recently, on October 8, Telangana government also adopted a similar resolution in state assembly.
Department for welfare of weaker sections
Andhra Pradesh cabinet has also approved the formation of a separate department for welfare of
economically weaker sections.
This department was created with the aim of implementing welfare schemes for upper caste poor
people.
New posts in medical & health department
Andhra Pradesh Cabinet also decided to create 4035 new posts in medical and health department. It
includes 560 pharmacist posts in YSR Urban clinics. Cabinet also approved 2190 additional posts for
teaching faculty, paramedical staff and staff nurses. Government also proposed to fill 41,000 vacancies in
Medical Health department. In last two & half years, around 26,917 posts have been filled.
Amendment to Cinematography Act, 1965
Andhra Pradesh Cabinet also approved for amendment of Cinematography Act, 1965. It allows online
ticketing platform which is managed by AP State Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation to
issue cinema tickets.
Centre’s take on caste census
Union government has ruled out to conduct Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) in an affidavit filed in the
Supreme Court on September 23, 2021, stating that caste census was unfeasible and administratively
difficult.
Do we need caste census?
We need caste-based census because it will be beneficial for policy making. The census will bring the large
number of issues in light, that any democratic country needs to attend. It will generate exhaustive data,
which in turn will allow policymakers to develop better policies and implementation strategies. It will also
help in addressing prevalent inequalities such as Unequal distribution of education, wealth and resources.
DRDO and Indian air force flight test long range bomb
Team from Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) have
successfully flight-tested the indigenously developed Long-Range (LR) Bomb on October 29, 2021.
Key Points
Long-Range Bomb was tested from an aerial platform in Odisha’s Balasore.
It was release from the IAF fighter aircraft and was guided within specified limits, with accuracy to a
land-based target.
Flight of the bomb and performance was monitored with the help of a number of range sensors,
telemetry & radar and Electro-Optical Tracking System deployed by the Integrated Test Range.
Bomb has been designed & developed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI) in Hyderabad in association
with other DRDO laboratories.
Research Centre Imarat (RCI)
RCI is a DRDO laboratory, established in Hyderabad, Telangana. It is responsible for Research and
Development of Missile Systems, advanced Avionics and Guided Weapons for Indian Armed Forces. The lab
was established in 1988 by APJ Abdul Kalam. U Raja Babu is the current head of RCI. It is a global
frontrunner in navigation systems and developing avionics for missiles. It is the leading laboratory that has
successfully spearheaded the Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) programme of the India &
Israel. Its field of research is “Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)
IGMDP was an Indian Ministry of Defence programme for conducting research and development of

comprehensive range of missiles. It was managed by the DRDO and Ordnance Factories Board.
MGNREGS Out of Funds in 21 states
According to the financial statement of “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) scheme”, it is running out of funds in 21 states.
Highlights
The scheme has run out of funds halfway in the financial year 2021, and supplementary budgetary
allocations will not be provided to compensate till the next Parliamentary session starts.
It is showing a negative net balance of Rs 8,686 crore.
What does it imply?
Shortage of funds mean that, payments for MGNREGA workers and material costs will be delayed, unless
States use their own funds.
Centre’s take
Centre is accusing some of the states with “artificially creating demand” for work.
Why there is shortage of funds?
The MGNREGA is a demand driven scheme. It guarantees 100 days of unskilled work to any rural household
in need. During the lockdown period in 2020 amid covid-19 pandemic, this scheme was given its highest
budget of Rs 1.11 lakh crore. This fund was used to provide a critical lifeline for 11 crore workers. But in
Union Budget 2021-22, the scheme was allocated Rs 73,000 crore, as nationwide lockdown was over. Centre
also announced that supplementary budgets will be allocated if money ran out. As of October 29, total
expenditure including payments due already reached to Rs 79,810 crore. 21 states including Andhra
Pradesh, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu are showing negative net balance.
About MGNREGA
MGNREGA is among the largest work guarantee programmes across the world. This scheme was launched
with the objective of providing 100 days of employment in each financial year to the adult members of rural
household. It aims to address the causes of chronic poverty using a rights-based framework. Under the
scheme, wages are paid in accordance with the statutory minimum wages which is specified for agricultural
labourers under Minimum Wages Act, 1948.
NCRB Report on Suicides
National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) recently published its report titled “Accidental Deaths & Suicides in
India, 2020”. In the year 2020, suicides in India have increased by 10 percent as compared to 2019 data and
reached to 1,53,052.
Key findings
Report notes that, suicides among student have increased by 21.20 per cent.
In absolute numbers, daily wage earners accounted for largest share of total suicides. It stood at
37,666 in 2020.
Number of suicides in 2020 was highest since 1982. It increased by 11.15 per cent as compared to
1981 data, accounting for 44,732 suicides.
The suicide rate has also increased from 10.4 percent in 2019 to 11.3 percent in the year 2020.
Suicide rate is defined as number of suicides per lakh population.
Share of suicides among daily wage earners has doubled between 2014 and 2020.
Suicides among students
Suicides among students have increased to its highest level since 1995.
In the year 2019, 10,335 cases were report. It increased to 14,825 in 2020.
In percentage terms, share of suicides among students went up from 7.4 per cent to 8.2 per cent in
the same period.

Nine Categories of suicides

NCRB report has divided suicides into nine categories namely; daily wagers, housewives, people working in
the farm sector, students, professionals/salaried persons, retired persons, self-employed persons, and
others. NCRB started categorizing daily wagers in the ‘Accidental Deaths & Suicides’ report in 2014.
Share of daily wage earners
Share of suicides among daily wage earners has doubled between 2014 and 2020. In the year 2014, their
share was 12 per cent which increased to 23.4 percent in 2019. Tamil Nadu reported the greatest number of
suicides among daily wage earners. It is followed by Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Gujarat.
Centre of Excellence for Fintech to be set up
As per Minister for Science & Technology and Skill Development, C.N. Ashwath Narayan, Karnataka
government is to set up a Centre of Excellence for Fintech or Financial Technology in Karnataka.
Highlights
This move was announced while addressing the inaugural session of Mangaluru Technovanza.
Mangaluru Technovanza was organised by Karnataka Digital Economy Mission (KDEM).
Government will allocate Rs 12 crore for setting the centre of excellence. Funds will be reserved in
the state budget of 2022-23.
Software Technology Park in Karnataka
Government has also planned to set up a software technology park in city. It will be set up with the help of
Karnataka State Electronics Corporation Ltd. (KEONICS). Board of KEONICS has already approved the
proposal.
Start-ups in Mangaluru
State government will also promote start-ups in Mangaluru region. For this purpose, incentives will be
provided under Beyond Bengaluru initiative as well as under the government policy to promote industries
across tier II & tier III cities. These incentives will be provided to attract companies for setting their units
beyond Bengaluru.
Telecom policy
Government will also launch a telecom policy applicable to the State to extend support to telecom and
internet service providers. Under the policy, a single window clearance window will be provided for their
projects. It will deal with all aspects for promoting communication services in the State.
KDEM- Beyond Bengaluru Initiative
Karnataka Digital Economy Mission (KDEM) – Beyond Bengaluru initiative was launched to guide dividends
from IT and IT-enabled services sector as well to create employment in tier-2 cities of Karnataka.

120 Multiple Choice Questions

The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. Which institution has formed a Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins on Novel Pathogens
(SAGO)?
[A] UNICEF
[B] World Health Organisation
[C] FAO
[D] John Hopkins University
The Director-General of the World Health Organisation has set up the WHO Scientific Advisory Group for
the Origins on Novel Pathogens (SAGO). The SAGO will advise the Secretariat on technical and scientific
considerations on emerging and re-emerging pathogens. An Indian epidemiologist, Dr Raman
Gangakhedkar, will be part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Scientific Advisory Group for
determining the origin of covid-19 pandemic.
2. Malabar series of exercises began as a bilateral naval exercise between India and which country,
in 1992?
[A] USA
[B] France
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Bangladesh
Answer: USA
The Malabar series of exercises, which began as an annual bilateral naval exercise between India and
the US in 1992. The Indian Navy is set to participate in the Second Phase of Multilateral Maritime
Exercise Malabar along with the Japan Maritime Self Defence Force, Royal Australian Navy and the
United States Navy. It is being conducted in the Bay of Bengal from 12 – 15 Oct 2021. First Phase of the
exercise was conducted in the Philippines Sea in August.
3. When is the ‘International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction’ observed?
[A] October 8
[B] October 10
[C] October 12
[D] October 13
Answer: October 13
The ‘International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction’ is observed every year on October 13. The 2021
edition of the day will focus on “International cooperation for developing countries to reduce their
disaster risk and disaster losses”. The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction was started in 1989,
after the United Nations General Assembly declared the day to promote a global culture of risk
awareness and disaster reduction.
4. Union Home Ministry has enhanced the powers of which Central Armed Police Force, recently?
[A] ITBP
[B] BSF
[C] CRPF
[D] CISF
Answer: BSF

The Union Home Ministry has recently enhanced the powers of the Border Security Force (BSF) to arrest,
search and seize within 50 km from the international boundary in Assam, West Bengal and Punjab. BSF
is a Central armed police force under the Union. This power will also be applicable to the newly created
Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. Earlier, the BSF’s limit was fixed up to 80 km from
the international boundary in Gujarat and 15 km in Rajasthan, Punjab, West Bengal and Assam.
5. With respect to the Brexit Deal, what is ‘NI Protocol’?
[A] Northern Ireland Protocol
[B] Northern Isle Protocol
[C] New Ireland Protocol
[D] New Isle Protocol
Answer: Northern Ireland Protocol
During Brexit negotiations, all parties agreed that protecting the 1998 Northern Ireland peace deal, also
called as the Good Friday agreement, was a priority. Recently, the European Union has set out its
proposals to change the way the Brexit deal for Northern Ireland (NI Protocol) is implemented. It was
designed to prevent checks along the border between Northern Ireland (in the UK) and the Republic of
Ireland (in the EU), after Brexit.
6. “Extended Producer Responsibility” which is in news recently, is associated with?
[A] Plastic waste management
[B] Automobile Manufacturing
[C] Meat Production
[D] Agricultural Export
Answer: Plastic waste management
The Union Ministry of Environment has released a draft notification on regulation of extended producer
responsibility under the plastic waste management rules 2016. This covers three categories of plastics
namely rigid plastic packaging: flexible plastic packaging of single layer / multilayer plastics. As per the
draft, quantity of waste that will have to be managed by producers and importers has been specified.
7. Which country has pledged of $233 million to protect biodiversity in developing countries, at the
key UN biodiversity summit?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] UK
[D] China
Answer: China
A key UN biodiversity summit, with an aim to protecting biodiversity has commenced in China, which
witnessed the participation of delegates from about 195 countries. Discussion on "30 by 30" agenda
that would accord 30% of the Earth's land and oceans protected status by 2030 is being discussed in the
summit. During the summit, Chinese Government has committed and pledged a sum of $233 million into
a fund, to protect biodiversity in developing countries.
8. Which state has commenced a campaign named “10-day ‘All Mask’” campaign?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Mizoram
The Government of Mizoram has launched a 10-day campaign named “All Mask” to re-sensitise citizens
on the importance of wearing masks to combat the virus. This is being observed throughout the state.
This comes at the backdrop of 1000 new Covid-19 cases being reported in the state daily, for more than
a month continuously.
9. Who launched the PM Gati Shakti Master plan in the month of October 2021?
[A] Union Finance Minister
[B] Prime Minister of India
[C] Union Home Minister
[D] Union Defence Minister
Answer: Prime Minister of India
The Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi has launched the PM Gati Shakti, a ‘national masterplan’ for
multi-modal connectivity on 13th October 2021. The master plan aims to use geo-mapping and real-time
data on a single portal, to make sure that there is transparency and visibility over the project planning
and implementation. Presently 16 government departments are part of the master plan.
10. Who is the first Indian to be elected as the Chairman of World Steel Association (WSA)?
[A] Sajjan Jindal
[B] Aditya Mittal
[C] Anirban Dasgupta
[D] Gautam Adani
Answer: Sajjan Jindal
JSW Steel Chairman and Managing Director Sajjan Jindal has been elected as the Chairman of the World
Steel Association (WSA) for the 2021-22 period. Jindal also becomes the first representative from India
to serve as Chairman of the WSA. He precedes Yu Yong as the Chairman of WSA, whose members
represent approximately 85 per cent of the world's steel production. Established in 1967, it is
headquartered in Brussels.
11. Which institution released the ‘World Energy Outlook 2021’ Report?
[A] International Energy Agency
[B] NITI Aayog
[C] World Economic Forum
[D] OPEC
Answer: International Energy Agency
International Energy Agency (IEA) recently released its World Energy Outlook 2021 report. As per the
report, almost $4 trillion investment into clean energy is required to meet the Paris Agreement pledge to
limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The IEA mentioned some developing economies
financing such projects, including India's expansion of solar panels.
12. Which department has launched the digital bonds named “ePLI bond”?
[A] Department of Telecom
[B] Department of Posts
[C] Department of Income Tax
[D] Department of Biotechnology
Answer: Department of Posts
The Department of Posts has launched the digital version of the Postal Life Insurance policy bonds, also
termed as “ePLI bond”. The bond has been launched in collaboration with Digilocker. All Postal Life
Insurance subscribers would be able to download the digital copy of their policy bond from digilocker.
Both the Postal Life Insurance (PLI) and Rural Postal Life Insurance (RPLI) policy bonds are available in
digital form. It shall be treated at par with the original policy bond issued by the Department of Posts.
13. Sela tunnel, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which Indian state?
[A] Uttarakhand
[B] Sikkim
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] Assam
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually conducted the final breakthrough blast of the Sela tunnel in
Arunachal Pradesh, recently. The construction of the tunnel is expected to be over by June 2022. Sela
tunnel is expected be the world's largest bi-lane tunnel at an altitude of more than 13,000 feet. The
construction is being undertaken by Border Roads Organisation (BRO). The tunnel goes through Sela
Pass and will cut down the distance to the China border through Arunachal Pradesh by 10 km.
14. What is the theme of the ‘International Day for Rural Women 2021’?
[A] Rural women cultivating good food for all
[B] Gender Equality
[C] Empowering Rural Women
[D] Good Village; Good Country
Answer: Rural women cultivating good food for all
‘International Day for Rural Women 2021’ is celebrated on October 15. The day focuses on gender
equality and empowering women in rural areas. The theme for this year is “Rural women cultivating good
food for all". The United Nations General Assembly had established this day on December 18, 2007.
According to a report by the United Nations, 40% of the total agricultural labour force in developing
countries includes women.
15. Which state has recently scrapped the position of ‘Police Naik’?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Kerala
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Maharashtra
The Maharashtra government recently announced that they have scrapped the position of Police Naik.
The decision is set to impact nearly 45000 constables in the state police force. Before this decision, a
police constable (PC) would get promoted to Police Naik (PN) after 10 years of service. In another 10
years they will move to the Head Constable (HC) rank and retire as Assistant Sub Inspectors (ASI).
16. "Learning for people, planet, prosperity and peace” is the theme of which special day celebrated
on October 15?
[A] World Students' Day
[B] World Teachers Day
[C] World Learning Day
[D] World Education Day
Answer: World Students' Day
World Students' Day is observed every year on October 15, in honour of former Indian president APJ
Abdul Kalam, who was born on the same day in 1931. The day aims to acknowledge the efforts of the
President towards education and students. The United Nations declared October 15 as World Students'
Day in 2010. This year, the theme for World Students' day is "Learning for people, planet, prosperity and
peace”.
17. With reference to the Government’s scheme to encourage investment in India, what does PLI

stand for?
[A] Performance Linked Incentive
[B] Production Linked Investment
[C] Postal Life Insurance
[D] Production Linked Incentive
Answer: Production Linked Incentive
The Government of India has recently launched the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for
Telecom manufacturing, which aims to increase investment and hence production levels in the sector.
Under the scheme, 31 global and local companies would strive for incremental production capacities
amounting Rs 1.82 lakh crore over a period of five years
18. Which company has launched the technology solution named “U Fill”?
[A] Indian Oil
[B] NTPC
[C] BPCL
[D] Tata Power
Answer: BPCL
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) has launched “U Fill” which is an automated fueling
technology at the fuel outlets. The technology is said to eliminate manual intervention during vehicle
fueling enhance the customer experience. The company has launched the technology in 65 cities.
19. “Vishwakarma Vatikas” are proposed to set up at Hunar Haats (talent fairs) in which state?
[A] Haryana
[B] Telangana
[C] Mizoram
[D] Uttar Pradesh
The Government of India has proposed to set up Vishwakarma Vatikas at Hunar Haats (talent fairs) in
the state of Uttar Pradesh, which aims to showcase traditional skills and craftsmanship. of artisans.
India’s traditional exquisite and hand made products would be exhibited in these fairs to promote and
preserve traditional skills.
20. “MyParkings” is an app launched to book parking slots online, by which state / UT?
[A] Delhi
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Puducherry
Answer: Delhi
The Government of Delhi has launched an App named “MyParkings”, which permits people to book
parking slots online in areas under the jurisdiction of the South Delhi Municipal Corporation. The app
has been designed to provide information about the present number of parked vehicles, total free
parking spaces available etc. The app has been built by Broadcast Engineering Consultants India
Limited.
21. Which country was recently hit by the tropical storm Kompasu?
[A] Philippines
[B] USA
[C] Indonesia
[D] Germany

Answer: Philippines
Tropical storm Kompasu hit the Philippines and left dead at least 19 people. The storm has triggered
landslides and flash floods as it crossed the northern tip of the Asia-Pacific islands. Another 14 people
have been reported missing in the Philippines. Kompasu returned to tropical storm strength after making
landfall on the Chinese island province of Hainan. It also crossed Hong Kong and Vietnam and caused
damages.
22. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerana Sthal’ was inaugurated at Naval Science & Technological
Laboratory, located in which city?
[A] Kochi
[B] Visakhapatnam
[C] Chennai
[D] Bhubaneshwar
Answer: Visakhapatnam
‘Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerana Sthal’ was inaugurated at Naval Science & Technological Laboratory
(NSTL), Visakhapatnam. It was inaugurated on the occasion of 90th birth anniversary of Bharat Ratna Dr
APJ Abdul Kalam, and to commemorate ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’. NSTL is the premier naval research
laboratory of Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO). NSTL products including
Varunastra, Torpedo Advanced Light (TAL) and Maareech decoy are displayed at the venue.
23. Mount Harriet, which was seen in the news recently, is an island peak located in which state/UT?
[A] Goa
[B] Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[C] Lakshadweep
[D] Kerala
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Mount Harriet is the third-highest island peak in Andaman and Nicobar islands. Union Home Minister
has announced that the peak will now be known as Mount Manipur, as a tribute to the freedom fighters
of Manipur. Manipur’s Maharaja Kulchandra Singh and 22 other freedom fighters were imprisoned during
the Anglo-Manipuri war (1891) at the Mount Harriet. They were sent to Kalapani and kept on Mount
Harriet.
24. When is the ‘International Day for the Eradication of Poverty’ observed every year by the UN?
[A] October 15
[B] October 17
[C] October 18
[D] October 20
Answer: October 17
‘International Day for the Eradication of Poverty’ is observed every year on October 17, to raise
awareness about people living in poverty. The UN General assembly declared October 17 as the
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, on 22 December 1992. This year’s theme is “Building
forward together: Ending Persistent Poverty, Respecting all People and our Planet.”
25. Shenzhou-13 spaceship has been launched by which country?
[A] India
[B] Japan
[C] Indonesia
[D] China
Answer: China

China has launched a 3-person manned mission to its space station, for a duration of 6 months in the
spaceship named Shenzhou-13. The spaceship was launched by Long March-2F rocket. The crew
members are missioned for the setting up of the orbiting structure of China’s own space station. The
activities of the crew include spacewalks and installation of key equipment.
26. A K Goel, the MD CEO of UCO Bank has been recently elected as the Chairman of which body?
[A] Press Trust of India
[B] IBPS
[C] Indian Bank’s Association
[D] RBI Services Board
Answer: Indian Bank’s Association
The present Managing Director and CEO of UCO Bank Shri. A K Goel has been elected as the chairman of
Indian Bank's Association for the year 2021-22. The election was held at the body’s Managing
Committee meeting held on 14th October 2021. He succeeds Mr Rajkiran Rai G, who is the Managing
Director and Chief Executive Officer of Union Bank of India.
27. In addition to the Wholesale Price Index, which other data is released by the Office of the
Economic Adviser?
[A] Consumer Price Index (All India)
[B] Consumer Price Index (Urban)
[C] Monthly Index of Core Industries Production
[D] Food Inflation
Answer: Monthly Index of Core Industries Production
The Office of the Economic Adviser is an attached office of the Department for Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade, under the Union Ministry of Commerce & Industry. The key function of the office
includes Compiling and releasing monthly Wholesale Price Indices and Compiling and releasing monthly
Index of Core Industries Production. The wholesale price-based inflation has eased to a six-month low
of 10.66% in September 2021, primarily helped by moderation in food price.
28. Which institution releases the ‘Global TB Report’?
[A] World Health Organisation
[B] UNICEF
[C] Stop TB Partnership
[D] TB Alliance
Each year, the World Health Organisation releases the Global TB Report. It provides a comprehensive
and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic. As per the report, the COVID-19 pandemic has reversed
years of global progress in tackling tuberculosis. It also highlighted that for the first time in over a
decade, TB deaths have increased. Approximately, 1.5 million people died from TB in 2020 and the
increase in number of TB deaths occurred mainly in the 30 countries with the highest burden of TB.
29. Praggnanandhaa, who was seen in the news recently, is associated with which game?
[A] Cricket
[B] Chess
[C] Soccer
[D] Volleyball
Answer: Chess
Praggnanandhaa is Indian ace Chess player and is one of the young Grandmasters of the country.
Recently, he won Julius Baer Challengers Chess Tour by winning against his American opponent
Christopher Yoo. With this victory, Praggnanandhaa has won $12,500 prize money as well as the right to
play with an elite set of chess champions at the Meltwater Champions Tour in 2022.
30. Where is NATO’s headquarters located?
[A] Belgium
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] France
Answer: Belgium
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance of 30 member
countries, of which 28 are European countries and 2 North American Countries. The NATO is
headquartered at Brussels, Belgium Recently, Russia has announced that it is suspending its missions to
NATO and that NATO's military liaison and information offices in Moscow would be closed.
31. Which international space agency has released a “Climate Action Plan” recently?
[A] ISRO
[B] NASA
[C] ESA
[D] JSA
Answer: NASA
The American space agency NASA has recently released a climate action plan, which aims to avert
climate related impact on its key missions to space. The plan also ensures resilience of NASA’s
facilities and assets and to provide important climate related observations to nations across the globe.
32. “Olaf Scholz”, who has been in the news recently, is associated with which country?
[A] Britain
[B] France
[C] Germany
[D] Italy
Answer: Germany
The Finance Minister of Germany “Olaf Scholz” belonging to the Social Democrats, the ecologist Greens
and liberal FDP have announced a preliminary deal to form a new government in Germany. If successful,
he would succeed Angela Merkel as Chancellor of Germany. Earlier in September, Olaf Scholz’s Social
Democratic Party (SPD) won the general elections but could not have a clean majority.
33. The Army of which country won a gold medal at the Cambrian Patrol Exercise held in the UK?
[A] UK
[B] China
[C] Russia
[D] India
Answer: India
The Indian Army has bagged a gold medal at the Cambrian Patrol Exercise, which was held in the UK.
The 4/5 Gorkha Rifles represented the Indian Army in the exercise. The competition witnessed
representation from 96-armed force teams of nations across the globe. This competition tests the
ultimate levels of human endurance and team spirit and is considered as the “Olympics of military
patrolling”.
34. What is the name of NASA’s robotic spacecraft, launched to reach Jupiter’s asteroids, named the
Trojans?
[A] Lucy
[B] Lucky
[C] Layman
[D] Craft-hopper
Answer: Lucy
The American space agency NASA has launched a robotic spacecraft named Lucy, which is set to reach
the Trojans (Jupiter’s asteroids) by 2027. The spacecraft is designed to reach seven Trojan asteroids
along with another one in the main Asteroid Belt. The spacecraft was launched using an Atlas V rocket
from Florida.
35. Which country houses La Lloreria or the Crying Room for promoting mental wellness?
[A] Germany
[B] Italy
[C] Spain
[D] Denmark
Answer: Spain
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez announced a 100-million-euro ($116 million) mental healthcare
drive, including 24-hour suicide helpline. La Lloreria, or the Crying Room was inaugurated in Madrid,
which aims to remove the attached to mental health, crying and seeking help. As per Government Data,
In 2019, as many as 3,671 people died from suicide in Spain. One in 10 adolescents has been diagnosed
with a mental health condition.
36. Which firm supplied P-8I long range maritime patrol aircraft to Indian Navy?
[A] Boeing
[B] SpaceX
[C] DRDO
[D] Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd
Answer: Boeing
The Indian Navy received its 11th P-8I long range maritime patrol aircraft from Boeing. The Navy has
signed a contract of 12 P-8Is from Boeing in two batches. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh also launched
an ‘Integrated Unmanned Road Map for Indian Navy’ at the second edition of the Naval Commanders
Conference. This will outline all unmanned aerial and underwater platforms and efforts of the Navy in
modernisation.
37. Allium negianum, which was seen in the news, as discovered in which Indian state/UT?
[A] Assam
[B] Uttarakhand
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] Goa
Answer: Uttarakhand
Allium negianum, a plant discovered in Uttarakhand in the year 2019 has been recently confirmed as a
new species of Allium, in journal PhytoKeys. Allium is the genus that includes many foods such as onion
and garlic, among 1,100 species globally. It was discovered in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. It
grows at 3,000 to 4,800 m above sea level. The scientific name Allium negianum honours late Dr
Kuldeep Singh Negi, an explorer and Allium collector.
38. Dubbed as ‘New QUAD’, India participated in the first meeting of the foreign ministers of which
three countries?
[A] USA, UAE and Israel
[B] UK, Italy, Germany

[C] UK, USA, Israel

[D] UAE, Israel, Japan
Answer: USA, UAE and Israel
The first meeting of the Foreign ministers of India, Israel, the UAE and the USA held recently. It is dubbed
as the New QUAD. The virtual meeting discussed on increasing trade, enhancing cooperation in maritime
security and global public health, as well as joint infrastructure projects in transportation and
technology. Indian foreign minister S. Jaishankar held discussions with his counterparts.
39. Bhavani Devi, who recently won the title at Charlellville Competition in France, is associated
with which sports?
[A] Weight-lifting
[B] Archery
[C] Fencing
[D] Shooting
Answer: Fencing
Fencer Bhavani Devi, won the women’s individual sabre title at the Charlellville National Competition in
France. She made history at the Tokyo Olympics by becoming the first Indian to compete in fencing at
the Olympics. Though she won the first round, she was defeated by bronze-medallist Manon Brunet of
France in the next round. The top-ranked fencer from India is currently ranked 50th in the world.
40. Which institution is set to play host to the "Aadhaar Hackathon 2021"?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] NRDC
[C] UIDAI
[D] RBI
Answer: UIDAI
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is set to host a Hackathon titled "Aadhaar Hackathon
2021". According to a statement issued by the Ministry of Electronics and IT on Monday, the Hackathon
is themed around two topics. The first theme is "Enrolment and Update", which covers some of the real-
life challenges being faced by the residents while updating their address. The second theme of the
Hackathon is around the "Identity and Authentication", for solutions to prove Identity without sharing the
Aadhaar number or any demographics information.
41. Which country is hosting leaders from 75 democracies under the 'Gen-Next Democratic Network'
initiative?
[A] China
[B] USA
[C] India
[D] Japan
Answer: India
India is set to host young leaders from 75 democracies under the initiative of Gen-Next Democratic
Network. As per the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), this initiative is a part of Azadi ka Amrit
Mahotsav. Young leaders below the age of 35 from the ruling party, opposition party and other major
parties are being invited. The first batch will include leaders from Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Japan,
Indonesia, Chile and Zambia.
42. Which Indian state/UT has launched ‘Red Light On, Gaadi Off’ campaign?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Maharashtra

[C] Andhra Pradesh

[D] Rajasthan
Answer: New Delhi
The Delhi government is set to begin its ‘Red Light On, Gaadi Off’ campaign, which aims to reduce
pollution in the national capital. The campaign urges commuters to switch off the engines of their
vehicles as soon as they stop at a red light. This was first introduced by the government last year. This
year, the first phase of the campaign will run for a month till November 18. It will take place in two shifts
- from 8am-2pm and then 2pm-8pm.
43. Ministry of Culture is organising the Abhidhamma Day, along with which state?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Sikkim
[D] Meghalaya
The Union Ministry of Culture, International Buddhist Confederation in association with the Government
of Uttar Pradesh is organising the Abhidhamma Day on the auspicious occasion of Ashwin Poornima.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is also participating in an event marking Abhidhamma Day at
Mahaparinirvana Temple. Eminent monks from Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, South Korea, Nepal,
Bhutan, Cambodia and ambassadors of several nations will take part in occasion.
44. 250mm Seer Water supply scheme, which was seen in the news, has been inaugurated in which
state/UT?
[A] Jammu & Kashmir
[B] Uttarakhand
[C] Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[D] Lakshadweep
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated 250mm Seer Water supply scheme in Kashmir. The project
would benefit around 10000 people and will be completed under the ambit of Jal Jeevan Mission. The
Union Minister also inaugurated tourist hut of Pahalgam Development Authority at Golf Course
Pahalgam. He also inaugurated Forest Departments Deodar sapling plantation drive being conducted
under the banner of Green JK Drive, under which a total of 1 lakh saplings will be planted as part of the
drive.
45. Covid-19 vaccine candidate, VLA2001 is manufactured by which company?
[A] Novartis
[B] Johnson and Johnson
[C] Merck and Co
[D] Valneva SE
Answer: Valneva SE
Valneva SE, a French vaccine company, announced the results from its Phase 3 trial of its
inactivated Covid-19 vaccine candidate, VLA2001. As per the company, the vaccine was as effective as
the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. VLA2001 is an inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine. The Sars-CoV-2 virus is
killed using chemicals, heat, or radiation and delivered in an inactivated form. India’s Covaxin vaccine is
also an inactivated vaccine.
46. Blue Flag exercise, which was seen in the news recently, is associated with which Defence
Force?

[A] Army
[B] Navy
[C] Air Force
[D] Coast Guard
Answer: Air Force
Blue Flag exercise is a biennial Defence Exercise involving Air Force missions from eight countries. As
many as 85 Indian Air Force (IAF) personnel are taking part in the exercise along with five upgraded
Mirage 2000 fighter aircraft. External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar visited Israel’s Ovda Airbase to meet
the Indian contingent participating in the exercise. The US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Greece and Israel
are the other participating countries.
47. Which country is reported to have conducted a hypersonic weapon test using ‘Fractional orbital
bombardment system (FOBS)?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] China
[D] Israel
Answer: China
As per media reports, China’s military conducted two hypersonic weapons tests recently. China first
tested a rocket using ‘Factional orbital bombardment system (FOBS), to launch a hypersonic glide
vehicle capable of carrying nuclear weapons. China is also reported to have conducted a second
hypersonic test in August. However, the Foreign Ministry of China cited the test as a routine spacecraft
test to verify the technology of the spacecraft’s reusability.
48. Which country has successfully transplanted a pig`s kidney onto a human?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] China
Answer: USA
In a first, doctors at a health centre in New York temporarily transplanted a pig`s kidney onto a human. It
is considered as a significant step toward Animal-to-human organ transplants, known as
xenotransplantations. The doctors altered the pig`s genes, to avoid immediate rejection from the human
immune system due to the presence of a sugar molecule in pig cells called Glycan.
49. Kushinagar, where Lord Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana after his death, is located in which
state/UT?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Assam
The ancient city of Kushinagar is the final resting place of Lord Gautama Buddha, where he attained
Mahaparinirvana after his death. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate the Kushinagar
International Airport. It is aimed at boosting tourism on the Buddhist circuit. At present, two
international airports are operational in the state of Uttar Pradesh namely Chaudhary Charan Singh
International Airport at Lucknow and Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport at Varanasi.
50. Which country has agreed to increase coking coal supply to India up to 40 million tonnes per

year?
[A] Russia
[B] Israel
[C] USA
[D] Malaysia
Answer: Russia
Russia’s Energy Ministry signed an agreement with India’s Steel Ministry to increase coking coal supply
to India up to 40 million tonnes per year. The deal was signed at the Russian Energy Week Forum, held in
Moscow. Russia currently supplies around 80 lakh tonnes of coal to India. The pact also aims for
development of coal deposits, development of coal logistics and promotion of R&D in production.
51. As per a new report by climate tech startup Blue Sky Analytics, which country topped in
emissions related to crop burning?
[A] India
[B] China
[C] USA
[D] Indonesia
Answer: India
According to a new report released by climate tech startup Blue Sky Analytics, India is at the top in
emissions related to crop burning. India was responsible for 13% of total global emissions for the
2015-2020 period. India also contributed to 12.2 % to cropland fire emissions in 2020. Blue Sky
Analytics, an Indian climate tech startup founded by an IIT alumnus, is also a part of global coalition
“Climate TRACE”.
52. Which country has declared state of Emergency over Crime wave?
[A] Afghanistan
[B] Sudan
[C] Ecuador
[D] Venezuela
Answer: Ecuador
Ecuador President Guillermo Lasso announced a 60-day nationwide state of emergency in response to a
wave of violent crime. The President announced that Police and the armed forces were being mobilised.
As per official figures, the number of murders in the first eight months of this year are twice those in the
same period last year. Some weeks ago, a prison fight in the port city of Guayaquil made 119 inmates
dead.
53. Which state has approved the creation of a directorate under the new ‘Indigenous Faith and
Culture Department’?
[A] Punjab
[B] Assam
[C] Uttarakhand
[D] Bihar
Answer: Assam
The Assam Cabinet has approved the creation of a directorate and posts under the newly-established
Indigenous Faith and Culture Department. The directorate is set to begin the process of preserving
indigenous faiths such as Bathou of the Bodo community and Heraka of the Zeme Naga community.
These are considered to be endangered because of conversions to mainstream religions. Arunachal
Pradesh had formed the Department of Indigenous Affairs five years ago to insulate the indigenous

faiths.
54. What is the rank of India in the Global Food Security (GFS) Index 2021?
[A] 62
[B] 71
[C] 83
[D] 94
Answer: 71
India is ranked at 71st position out of 113 countries in the Global Food Security (GFS) Index 2021, with
an overall score of 57.2 points. It is a global report released by Economist Impact and Corteva
Agriscience. Ireland, Australia, the UK, Finland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Canada, Japan, France and
the US shared the top rank with the overall GFS score in the range of 77.8 and 80 points on the index.
The GFS Index considers 58 unique food security indicators including income and economic inequality.
55. Which institution has launched the ‘Token Reference On File (TROF) service’ for Tokenization of
Cards?
[A] Reserve Bank of India
[B] National Payments Corporation of India
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] SEBI
Answer: National Payments Corporation of India
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) announced the launch of the NPCI Tokenization System
(NTS). The Token Reference On File (TROF) service will help millions of RuPay cardholders maintain the
security of their financial data. This will enable tokenization of cards as an alternative to storing card
details with merchants. The card details of cardholders will be secure at the RuPay Network Secure
vault.
56. Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke Dwar Yojana has been launched by which state?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Haryana
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Punjab
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
The Government of Madhya Pradesh has announced a scheme named “Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke
Dwar Yojana”, under which physically challenged and senior citizens of the state would be supplied with
ration at the doorsteps, transported by vehicles. Also, ration would be transported to villages in vehicles
where there are no fair price shops.
57. Where is the Institute of Tropical Meteorology located?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Kolkata
[C] New Delhi
[D] Pune
Answer: Pune
The Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) is an autonomous institution under the Union Ministry of
Earth Science, and is located at Pune. The institution has developed and launched a new ‘Decision
Support System’ (DSS) aimed to enhance the existing ‘Air Quality Early Warning System’, for air quality
measurement and management in Delhi – NCR.
58. Which country received non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser from India to boost
cultivation?
[A] Bangladesh
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Nepal
[D] Bhutan
Answer: Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka has received the first consignment of 3.1 million litres high quality non-harmful Nano Nitrogen
liquid fertiliser from India. This will help Sri Lanka in the cultivation of maize and paddy. The country’s
President Rajapaksa had decided to impose a total ban on agrochemicals, to make Sri Lankan farming
100% organic. This decision to stop chemical fertiliser imports led to several protests among farmers.
59. Which institution released the 2021 Production Gap Report?
[A] WEF
[B] UNEP
[C] FAO
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: UNEP
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP), along with the leading research institutes released the 2021
Production Gap Report. The report measures the gap between governments’ planned production of coal,
oil, and gas and the global production levels consistent with meeting Paris Agreement limits. As per the
new report, governments plan to produce more than double the amount of fossil fuels in 2030 than the
consistent level to limit global warming to 1.5°C.
60. What is the rank of India, in the World Bank's ease of doing business report, under the
construction permits category?
[A] 27
[B] 49
[C] 72
[D] 124
Answer: 27
In the World Bank's ease of doing business report, under the construction permits category, India's rank
jumped to 27th out of 190 nations from 181st rank last year. Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry has
recently announced that ‘Online building permission system’, which has been implemented in about
2,500 cities so far, will be made operational across all cities by March next year. This will help improve
the 'Ease of Doing Business' in the country.
61. NABARD entered into a MoU with which state for facilitation of Rs 13,200 crore infrastructure
projects over 3 years?
[A] Telangana
[B] Assam
[C] Kerala
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Assam
Nabard has recently entered into a MoU with the Assam government for facilitation of Rs 13,200 crore
infrastructure projects in the state over a period of three years. NABARD has also sanctioned Rs 608
crore for different infrastructure projects in rural areas in Assam. The infrastructure projects include
rural roads, rural bridges, flood protection projects and soil conservation projects under the Rural
Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) – XXVII.

62. ‘Fadaeeyan-e Harim-e Velayat’ is the Nation-wide Defence Drills, conducted by which country?
[A] Iran
[B] Iraq
[C] Israel
[D] UAE
Answer: Iran
Iran’s Air Force is set to conduct a large-scale, nationwide drills named Fadaeeyan-e Harim-e Velayat
(Defenders of Velayat Sanctuary). This is the 10th edition of the drills and it will be held in five airbases
across the country. As per Iran’s Army Air Force Commander, all kinds of indigenous and upgraded
systems and ammunition, heavy and semi-heavy smart bombs, all kinds of laser-guided and radar-
evading missiles will be used during the drills.
63. Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) is a telescope associated with which space agency?
[A] NASA
[B] ISRO
[C] ESA
[D] CNSA
Answer: NASA
NASA has selected a new space telescope proposal to study the recent history of star birth, star death,
and formation of chemical elements in the Milky Way. The gamma-ray telescope, called the Compton
Spectrometer and Imager (COSI), is set to be launched in 2025 as NASA's latest small astrophysics
mission. COSI will study gamma rays from radioactive atoms produced when massive stars exploded. It
will also probe the origin of our galaxy's positrons, also known as antielectrons.
64. Which fruit is being used by Punjab farmers to prepare Bio Enzymes for improving plant health?
[A] Mango
[B] Kinnow
[C] Banana
[D] Grapes
Answer: Kinnow
The Kinnow is a high yield mandarin hybrid cultivated extensively in the Punjab region of India and
Pakistan. Around 100 farmers in Punjab, especially in the kinnow belt, have started making Bio
Enzymes from this Kinnow fruit. It is usually considered as a waste by farmers. But this fallen fruit can
improve soil, water, air and depleting ground water. It also helps prevent excess usage of chemical
sprays of fungicides and bacterial diseases on crops, especially vegetables and cereals.
65. A micro-snail species named Georissa mawsmaiensis has been discovered in which Indian
state/UT?
[A] Assam
[B] Sikkim
[C] Meghalaya
[D] Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Meghalaya
A micro-snail species named Georissa mawsmaiensis has been discovered in Mawsmai, a limestone
cave in Meghalaya. Before 170 years, Georissa saritta, a member of the same genus, was collected and
described from the Musmai valley near Cherrapunjee. The researchers involved in the discovery are from
the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru.
66. Which famous personality has announced to launch a new social media network, called TRUTH

Social?
[A] Donald Trump
[B] Narendra Modi
[C] Hillary Clinton
[D] Kim Jong-un
Answer: Donald Trump
Former US President Donald Trump has recently announced plans to launch a new social media network,
called TRUTH Social. Though he was active in social media, Mr Trump was banned from Twitter and
suspended from Facebook after his supporters stormed the US Capitol. Last year, Twitter and Facebook
even started deleting some of his posts or labelled them as ‘misleading’.
67. Cumbre Vieja, an active volcanic ridge, is located in La Palma Island of which country?
[A] Indonesia
[B] Japan
[C] Philippines
[D] Spain
Answer: Spain
Cumbre Vieja is an active volcanic ridge, is located in Spain’s La Palma Island, a part of Canary Islands.
Recently, as the volcano started erupting, a total of around 7,500 people have been forced to be
evacuated. As per the Scientists, the eruption could continue for three more months. The molten rock
has already covered more than 866 hectares and damaged around 2,185 buildings. The economy of La
Palma is largely based on tourism and banana plantations.
68. Konkan Shakti 2021 is the first-ever tri-services joint exercise between India and which country?
[A] UK
[B] USA
[C] France
[D] Japan
Answer: UK
Konkan Shakti 2021 is the first-ever tri-services joint exercise between India and the UK. The week-long
exercise has begun recently. The exercise will be a platform to share each other’s experiences and to
showcase the cooperation between the two countries. The maritime component of the exercise will be
conducted off India’s west coast and the Harbour phase will be held in Mumbai. The land phase of the
exercise will be held at Chaubatia in Uttarakhand.
69. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a monetary penalty of Rs 1 crore on which payments
bank recently?
[A] Airtel Payment Bank
[B] India Post Payment Bank
[C] Paytm Payment Bank
[D] NSDL Payment Bank
Answer: Paytm Payment Bank
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a monetary penalty of Rs 1 crore on Paytm Payments Bank
recently. The penalty was for submitting information that did not reflect the factual position. It is an
offence under Section 26 (2) of the Payments and Settlement Act. RBI also imposed a penalty of Rs Rs
27.78 lakh on Western Union Financial Services for non-compliance with Money Transfer Service
Scheme (MTSS) directions.
70. Sandra Mason has been elected as the first ever President of which country?

[A] Saint Lucia

[B] Barbados
[C] Saint Lucia
[D] The Bahamas
Answer: Barbados
Barbados has elected its first-ever president Sandra Mason to replace Britain’s Queen Elizabeth as head
of state. Barbados is a former British colony that gained independence in 1966 but had maintained ties
with the British monarchy. There have been calls from across the country for full sovereignty and
homegrown leadership. Sandra Mason was a former jurist who has been governor-general of the country
since 2018.
71. As per the 2021 Global Agricultural Productivity Report, what is the annual rate of Total factor
productivity (TFP)?
[A] 0.50 %
[B] 1.36 %
[C] 2.50 %
[D] 4.00 %
Answer: 1.36 %
According to the 2021 Global Agricultural Productivity Report (GAP Report), total factor productivity
(TFP) is growing at an annual rate of 1.36 per cent. This is below the Global Agricultural Productivity
Index, whose annual target is at 1.73 per cent growth to sustainably meet the needs of consumers for
food and bio-energy in 2050. TFP tracks changes in how efficiently agricultural inputs such as land,
labour, fertiliser and machinery are transformed into outputs like crops and aquaculture products.
72. Nuri, is the first homegrown rocket, launched recently by which country?
[A] South Korea
[B] UAE
[C] Singapore
[D] Malaysia
Answer: South Korea
South Korea has launched its first homegrown rocket. It is named as the Korean Satellite Launch Vehicle
II, also known as Nuri. The vehicle took off from Goheung, about 500km (310 miles) south of Seoul.
Though it completed its full flight sequence, the vehicle failed in its goal of putting a dummy satellite in
orbit. South Korea plans to carry out four more launches of the Nuri until 2027 to increase reliability.
73. Which new species, recently identified in India, has been named after Jackie Chan?
[A] Spider
[B] Gecko
[C] Snake
[D] Tortoise
Answer: Gecko
Scientists have named a newly identified gecko species, the Jackie’s day gecko (Cnemaspis jackieii),
after Jackie Chan. This lizard is one of 12 new gecko species found in India and all 12 species are
endemic to the Western Ghats. Due to its agile nature, similar to the ace martial artist Chan, it has been
named so. It is one of 12 new gecko species found in India that the researchers describe in Zoological
Research.
74. IUCN has recently alerted which Indian state on the threats faced by Bengal florican?
[A] West Bengal

[B] Assam
[C] Bihar
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Assam
International Union for Conservation (IUCN), Global conservation body alerted Assam government on the
threats faced by Bengal florican. As per IUCN, Development activities and the state government's plan to
set up a university at Kokilabari seed farm near Manas National Park in Assam has posed a threat to the
Bengal florican. IUCN urged that the Kokilabari seed farm, which is a haven for the Bengal florican,
should be protected by declaring it a community reserve.
75. Which country has announced plans to develop an extreme park named "The Rig"?
[A] Saudi Arabia
[B] Israel
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Iran
Answer: Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has announced plans to massive new theme park, or ‘Extreme Park’. Named “The Rig”, it is
claimed to be massive new theme park. The country also announced earlier that they were developing a
new city with the world’s fastest roller coaster in 2023. Dubai, a major city of the UAE is known for the
entertainment attractions including the Burj Khalifa. It plans to convert an oil rig into a massive 1.6
million-square-foot, to be opened in 2025.
76. Which Indian freedom fighter wrote poems under the pen name of Varasi and Hazarat?
[A] Ashfaqullah Khan
[B] Abul Kalam Azad
[C] Chandra Shekhar Azad
[D] Bhagat Singh
Answer: Ashfaqullah Khan
Ashfaqullah Khan, an Indian freedom fighter, was sentenced to death at the age of 27 for the Kakori train
robbery. He was born on October 22, 1900 and he was remembered recently on his anniversary. Ram
Prasad Bismil and Chandrashekhar Azad were among the people who were part of the Kakori train
robbery of 1925. He used to write poems in Urdu and Hindi, under the pen name Varasi and Hazarat.
77. The United Nations has recently set up a special trust fund for which country, to tackle economic
crisis?
[A] Iran
[B] Venezuela
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Sri Lanka
Answer: Afghanistan
The United Nations has recently set up a special trust fund for Afghanistan, amidst its economic crisis.
The primary aim of the trust fund is to inject liquidity into Afghan households. As per the UN
Development Programme’s (UNDP), Germany had pledged 50 million euros ($58m) to the fund.
International Monetary Fund announced that Afghanistan’s economy is set to contract up to 30 percent
this year.
78. Which country has become the top source of Chinese rice imports during January-August 2021?
[A] India
[B] Nepal

[C] Indonesia
[D] Bangladesh
Answer: India
India has become the top source of Chinese rice imports during January-August this year. The
shipments during the month of August alone accounted for 45 per cent of the total imports. This data
has been released in the USDA’s Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN) report on China’s rice
prices. It said Indian rice made up 23 per cent of total imports by China during January-August this year.
79. Which Ministry is associated with ‘Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (SAKSHAM
Centres)’?
[A] Ministry of Finance
[B] Ministry of Rural Development
[C] Ministry of Education
[D] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Rural Development
Under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) of the Ministry of
Rural Development, a total of 152 Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (SAKSHAM
Centres) were launched across 77 districts of 13 states. The Centres would act as one stop solution for
basic financial needs of Self-Help Group (SHG) households in rural areas. The main objective of the
Centre is to provide financial literacy and deliver financial services to SHG members and rural poor.
80. What is the Financial Outlay for the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan?
[A] Rs. 100 crore
[B] Rs. 1000 crore
[C] Rs. 1 lakh crore
[D] Rs. 100 lakh crore
Answer: Rs. 100 lakh crore
The Union Cabinet has approved the ambitious Rs. 100 lakh crore PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
The plan was launched by the Prime Minister on October 13, which aims to create multi modal
connectivity in India and bring infrastructure under one common platform. The master plan envisages to
create a centralised portal comprising of all infra-activities in India involving 16 central ministries and
departments to achieve coordinated planning and project execution.
81. Which country has reported hundreds of cases of infection caused by the bacteria salmonella?
[A] USA
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] Australia
Answer: USA
Over 650 cases of infection caused by the bacteria salmonella (Salmonellosis) have been reported in the
US. The outbreak is suspected to have been caused by contaminated onions. Though there were no
fatalities, over 100 patients were hospitalised. As of now, the infections have been linked to whole, fresh
onions imported from Mexico between the beginning of July and end-August this year.
82. What is the name of the storm that has swept across Poland, Germany, France and the
Netherlands?
[A] Alisa
[B] Aurore
[C] Afro

[D] Bizarre
Answer: Aurore
Storm "Aurore" swept across parts of northern Europe, leaving four dead in Poland and causing severe
damage in Germany, France, the Netherlands and other places. Power disruption were observed across
Northern Europe due to the strong winds and fallen trees. Several houses and properties were
destroyed. Railways and Airlines were also disturbed due to the effects of the storm.
83. Which institution released the ‘Global Threat Assessment report 2021’?
[A] UNICEF
[B] WeProtect Global Alliance
[C] CRY
[D] World Economic Forum
Answer: WeProtect Global Alliance
WeProtect Global Alliance, a global movement released the ‘Global Threat Assessment report 2021’. As
per the report, COVID-19 contributed to a significant spike in child sexual exploitation and abuse online.
WeProtect Global Alliance is a global movement of more than 200 governments, private sector
companies and civil society organisations. It aims to transform the global response to child sexual
exploitation and abuse online.
84. What is the name of the High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT), flight-tested today by
DRDO?
[A] ARYAN
[B] ABHYAS
[C] AKSHARA
[D] ARUN
Answer: ABHYAS
ABHYAS - the High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) was successfully flight-tested by Defence
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The vehicle was tested from the Integrated Test Range
(ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Bay of Bengal in Odisha. It can be used as an aerial target to evaluate
various missile systems. ABHYAS is designed and developed by DRDO’s Aeronautical Development
Establishment (ADE), Bengaluru.
85. Which Asian country is set to present its “climate prosperity plan” in the UN Climate Conference
at Glasgow?
[A] India
[B] Bangladesh
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Nepal
Answer: Bangladesh
Bangladesh has announced that it would present its “climate prosperity plan” at the upcoming UN
Climate Conference at Glasgow. Bangladesh is considered prone to extreme weather and rising ocean
levels. The plans aim to lessen the effects of climate change on the economy. It also seeks to boost
renewable energy, make agriculture more resistant to climate shocks and restore mangroves to protect
coasts from cyclones.
86. What is the minimum capital proposed by the RBI for four all India financial institutions (AIFI)?
[A] 9.50 %
[B] 10.50 %

[C] 11.50 %
[D] 12.00 %
Answer: 11.50 %
The Reserve Bank of India has proposed minimum 11.5% capital for the four all India financial
institutions (AIFI). Minimum total capital is proposed at 9% along with minimum capital buffer at 2.5%.
This proposal has been made in line with Basel III framework to raise their financial strength in periods
of stress. The new capital norms would be applicable to Exim Bank, NABARD, NHB and SIDBI from the
next fiscal year.
87. The first calf of which cattle breed was born using in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in India?
[A] Sahiwal
[B] Banni
[C] Ongole
[D] Murrah
Answer: Banni
Union Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying announced that the first calf of Banni
buffalo breed was born using in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). A Banni buffalo belonging to a dairy farmer in Gir
Somnath gave birth to the IVF male calf. The process was carried out to enhance the number of
genetically superior buffaloes to increase milk production. Banni breed of buffaloes, found primarily in
Gujarat's Kutch region, are known for its resilience and higher milk producing capacity in an arid
environment
88. What is the theme of World Polio Day 2021?
[A] Leaving No one behind
[B] Delivering on a Promise
[C] Inclusive and Inspirational
[D] No Polio World
Answer: Delivering on a Promise
World Polio Day is observed on October 24 every year to raise awareness for polio vaccination and to
eradicate polio. The theme of World Polio Day 2021 is “Delivering on a Promise”. The World Polio Day
was established by Rotary International to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk, who led the first team
to develop a vaccine against poliomyelitis. Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) had reduced polio
worldwide by 99%, as of 2013.
89. Which global bloc has entered into an agreement cross-border data use and digital trade?
[A] G-20
[B] G-7
[C] ASEAN
[D] BRICS
Answer: G-7
The Group of Seven wealthy nations agreed on a collective set of principles to govern cross-border data
use and digital trade. The deal is expected to bridge the highly regulated data protection rules used in
European countries and the more open methods of the United States. Trade ministers from the G7
reached agreement at a meeting held recently in London.
90. Amended Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS), is implemented by which Ministry?
[B] Ministry of Textiles
[D] Ministry of MSME

Answer: Ministry of Textiles
The Union Ministry of Textiles introduced the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) in 1999 as a
credit-linked subsidy scheme. It aimed to modernise, upgrade technology in the sector, promote ease of
doing business and increase employment opportunities. The ongoing Amended TUTS (ATUFS) was
approved in 2016 and implemented through web-based iTUFS platform. ATUFS was approved for a
period from 2015-16 to 2021-22 with an allocation of Rs 17,822 crore. This scheme was recently
reviewed by the Union Textile Ministry
91. When is the ‘World Development Information Day’ observed every year?
[A] October 24
[B] October 26
[C] October 28
[D] October 30
Answer: October 24
The United Nations celebrates the World Development Information Day, on October 24 every year. The
first World Development Information Day was held in 1973. World Development Information Day was
founded by the UN in 1972, to raise awareness about problems related to development and enhance
efforts to solve them through strengthening global collaboration. This year, the theme for the day is
Action for Sustainable Development Goal.
92. Which country has declared ambassadors from western countries as 'persona non grata'?
[A] China
[B] North Korea
[C] Turkey
[D] Israel
Answer: Turkey
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan has ordered his foreign ministry to declare 10 ambassadors from
western countries 'persona non grata'. This decision has been taken after the ambassadors of 10
countries including the US, German, France, Norway, Sweden among others, calling for the release of
philanthropist Osman Kavala. ‘Persona non grata’ can remove diplomatic status and results in
withdrawal of recognition of envoys. Osman Kavala has been in jail for more than four years over
protests and a coup attempt.
93. ‘Old Kingdom’, which was seen in the news, is associated with which country?
[A] Greece
[B] Egypt
[C] China
[D] India
Answer: Egypt
Recent works on a mummy excavated in 2019 suggests that ancient Egyptians living during the time of
the Old Kingdom (between 2700BC and 2200BC) were already carrying out sophisticated burials of dead
bodies. This is 1,000 years earlier than the previously known information. This discovery was featured in
a 2020 episode of National Geographic’s Lost Treasures of Egypt. As per the researchers, the
development will change the understanding of the evolution of the process of mummification.
94. Which country launched the ‘Syracuse 4A satellite’, to enhance the communication of its armed
forces?
[A] Israel

[B] UAE
[C] France
[D] Germany
Answer: France
France has successfully launched the ‘Syracuse 4A satellite’ into orbit. It is a state-of-the-art satellite,
designed to allow France’s armed forces across the globe to communicate swiftly and securely. The
Ariane 5 rocket carrying the Syracuse 4A satellite took off from Kourou, in French Guiana. The satellite
has anti-jamming antenna and digital transparent processor on board and can guarantee a high
resistance to extreme jamming methods.
95. What is the name of the scheme launched recently, to strengthen healthcare infrastructure by
building IT-enabled system?
[A] PM Jan Arogya Yojana
[B] PM Atal Arogya Yojana
[C] PM Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana
[D] PM Aatmanirbhar Atal Swasth Yojana
Answer: PM Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Pradhan Mantri Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana
(PMASBY) in Varanasi. The scheme aims to strengthen healthcare infrastructure across the country, to
fill critical gaps in public health infrastructure, especially in critical care facilities and primary care in
both urban and rural areas. The aim of the PMASBY is to build an IT enabled disease surveillance
system at block, district, regional and national levels.
96. What is the name of India's first indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC)?
[A] Arjun
[B] Vikrant
[C] Kattabomman
[D] Bharathi
Answer: Vikrant
India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC) Vikrant has recently begun its second phase of sea trails,
ahead of its planned induction into the Indian Navy by August 2022. The warship will operate MiG-29K
fighter jets, Kamov-31 helicopters, MH-60R multi-role helicopters. It is a 40,000-tonne aircraft carrier and
the largest and most complex warship to be built in India. IAC Vikrant successfully completed a five-day
maiden sea trial in August.
97. Cretapsara athanata, which was discovered recently as a dinosaur era species, is a ………
[A] Turtle
[B] Crab
[C] Snake
[D] Gecko
Answer: Crab
An international team of researchers has described the first crab from the Cretaceous dinosaur era
preserved in amber. The study used micro CT to examine and describe Cretapsara athanata, the oldest
modern-looking crab and the most complete fossil crab ever discovered. The crab fossil extends back
into the early Jurassic, more than 200 million years ago. The fossil is complete and is not missing a
single hair on the body.
98. Which country has launched a ‘National infrastructure fund’ with BlackRock?
[A] Saudi Arabia

[B] Germany
[C] Australia
[D] UAE
Answer: Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has launched a national infrastructure fund to support up to 200 billion riyals ($53 billion)
in projects over the next decade. It will be advised by the world's largest fund manager BlackRock. The
National Infrastructure Fund (NIF) will invest in sectors such as water, transportation, energy and health.
Saudi Arabia is preparing to transform the economy to make it less reliant on oil revenue.
99. At which city, is the ‘Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission’ inaugurated by the Prime
Minister?
[A] Pune
[B] Varanasi
[C] Gandhi Nagar
[D] Patna
Answer: Varanasi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission from
Uttar Pradesh’s Varanasi. Claimed to be “India’s largest scheme to scale-up health infrastructure”, the
mission is aimed at ensuring a robust public health infrastructure in both urban and rural areas. It also
aims to make the system capable of responding to public health emergencies or disease outbreak.
100. As of October 2021, how many routes have been operationalized under the UDAN scheme?
[A] 189
[B] 289
[C] 389
[D] 489
Answer: 389
Union Minister of Civil Aviation virtually flagged off the first direct flight on the Shillong – Dibrugarh
route under the Regional Connectivity Scheme – Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (RCS-UDAN) of the
Government of India. Till date, 389 routes and 62 airports have been operationalized under the UDAN
scheme. The airports in the North East have now risen to 15 airports in 2021, from 6 air ports in 2014.
101. What is the theme of the Vigilance Awareness Week 2021?
[A] Independent India at 75; self-reliance with integrity
[B] Azadi ka Amrut Mahotsav
[C] Sacch Bharat; Swasth Bharat
[D] Atma Mirbhar Aur Sacch Bharat
Answer: Independent India at 75; self-reliance with integrity
The Vigilance Awareness Week is observed every year, led by the Central Vigilance Commission. It is an
awareness week campaign observed across various parts of the country. The Vigilance Awareness
Week for this year starts form October 26 to November 1 as per the guidelines of Central Vigilance
Commission. The theme of Vigilance Awareness Week 2021 is "Independent India at 75; self-reliance
with integrity".
102. Which Union Ministry recently launched podcast series on the freedom struggle?
[B] Ministry of Culture
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of External Affairs

Answer: Ministry of Culture

Union Culture Minister G. Kishan Reddy launched a podcast series on the freedom struggle as a part of
the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’ celebrations. The series titled ‘Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani’, would focus on
the people and movements that contributed to the freedom struggle. The series will be available
on amritmahotsav.nic.in, Spotify, Soundcloud, and other platforms for podcasts.
103. Who is the chairperson of the new National Steering Committee (NSC) set up to implement the
NIOUN Bharat Mission?
[A] Union Education Minister
[B] Union Skill Development Minister
[C] NITI Aayog CEO
[D] ISRO Chairperson
Answer: Union Education Minister
A National Steering Committee (NSC) has been recently formed for the implementation of National
Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN) Bharat Mission. It will be
chaired by the Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and Minister of State for Education
Annapurna Devi would be the vice-chairperson. The Department of School Education and Literacy had
launched the Mission in July 2021, to achieve the goal of universal proficiency in foundational literacy
and numeracy for every child by end of Class 3 by 2026-27.
104. The UN Disarmament Week is observed annually during which month?
[A] November
[B] October
[C] September
[D] August
Answer: October
The UN Disarmament Week is observed annually during the month of October. This year disarmament
week started on October 24 and the week-long observance will continue till October 30. It aims to
promote the awareness and understanding the issues of disarmament in several countries. The
observance aims to reduce the use of weapons, specifically nuclear weapons, to bring peace in the
society. The United Nations Disarmament Commission (UNDC) was set up in 1952 under the UN Security
Council to eliminate all weapons of mass destruction.
105. What is the IUCN status of the ‘Shelley's eagle owls’, which were seen in the news recently?
[A] Near Threatened
[B] Vulnerable
[C] Endangered
[D] Critically Endangered
Answer: Vulnerable
Shelley's eagle owl is a rare species, which is considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. IUCN
estimates that there are between 1,500 and 7,000 adult individuals in the wild. They are the largest owls
that live in Africa's rainforests, but they are very rare to be spotted by humans. There have been no
confirmed photographs of the species since scientists first catalogued its existence 150 years ago.
Recently, British scientists snapped a photo of the bird, which can grow to be around two feet. It has
black eyes and a yellow bill.
106. India is set to celebrate ‘Ganga Utsav’ in which month?
[A] October
[B] November

[C] December
[D] January
Answer: November
The Indian Government is set to celebrate Ganga Utsav from November 1 to November 3, this year. It
focusses on encouraging stakeholder engagement and public participation towards rejuvenation of the
Ganga River. Several activities, designed for the central and state levels, will be organised in both
physical and virtual mode, as per the National Mission for Clean Ganga.
107. Silver Forget-Me-Not (FMN) butterfly has been sighted recently in which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Gujarat
[C] Karnataka
[D] Kerala
Answer: Tamil Nadu
A rare butterfly species, called the Silver Forget-Me-Not (FMN), has been spotted twice inside the
Srivilliputhur-Meghamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. With this new addition, there are 318 recorded
species in the list of butterflies in the State. The Silver FMN was recorded in Kerala, in 2019; in Andaman
& Nicobar Islands between 2015 and 2017 and in Sikkim, West Bengal and the in some Northeast States
between 2005 and 2020.
108. Indian origin politician Anita Anand, has been appointed as the Defence Minister of which
country?
[A] USA
[B] Australia
[C] New Zealand
[D] Canada
Answer: Canada
Anita Anand, an Indian origin politician of Canada has been appointed as Canada's new Defence
Minister. This appointment has been made by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as a part of the country’s
cabinet reshuffle. Anita Anand will succeed Indian-origin Harjit Sajjan as the Defence Minister, who held
the position for a very long time.
109. What is the total membership of the East Asia Summit, presently?
[A] 10
[B] 18
[C] 23
[D] 46
Answer: 18
East Asia Summit (EAS) is an intergovernmental forum comprising of 18 members - ASEAN countries
(Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam)
along with Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia and the USA. The
16th meeting of the EAS was held recently in a virtual format, in which India was represented by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi.
110. In which year was the ASEAN established?
[A] 1967
[B] 1999
[C] 2000
[D] 2005

Answer: 1967
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an intergovernmental forum established in the
year 1967 and is headquartered in Indonesia. This year’s diplomatic summit of ASEAN has commenced
recently, and it has refused to allow Senior General Min Aung Hlaing of Myanmar to represent the
country. In turn Myanmar has skipped the meeting as a protest to the ASEAN’s decision.
111. Which institution launched the first 'Impact Bond' for skilling in India?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] NSDC
[C] IFSC
[D] NASSCOM
Answer: NSDC
The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) launched the first and the largest 'Impact Bond' for
skilling in India. The Skill Impact Bond was launched in collaboration with technical partners, including
HRH Prince Charles's British Asian Trust, MSDF, CIFF, HSBC India, JSW Foundation and Dubai Cares,
with FCDO (UK Government) & USAID. It involves a USD 14.4 million fund which will benefit 50,000 youth
by making them employment ready.
112. India signed a $4.5 million project readiness financing (PRF) loan to improve urban mobility in
Aizawl, with which bank?
[A] ADB
[B] AIIB
[C] World Bank
[D] BRICS Bank
Answer: ADB
The Government of India and the Asian Development Bank signed a $4.5 million project readiness
financing (PRF) loan. It aims to support project preparation and design activities to improve urban
mobility in Aizawl, the capital city of Mizoram. It aims to identify high-priority urban transport
investments and develop a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for Aizawl and promote climate and
disaster resilience.
113. Which regional association is to adopt the connectivity master plan worth USD 124 billion?
[A] ASEAN
[B] SAARC
[C] BIMSTEC
[D] G-20
Answer: BIMSTEC
The regional association BIMSTEC will adopt the connectivity master plan which includes 267 projects
worth USD 124 billion in its upcoming summit at Colombo. The Secretary-General of BIMSTEC Tenzin
Lekphell said that BIMSTEC Charter will also be signed during the summit. Bay of Bengal Initiative for
Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional organization. Set up in
1997, it includes seven member states Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and
Thailand.
114. Trigonopterus corona, which was seen in the news recently, belongs to which species?
[A] Beetle
[B] Gecko
[C] Snake
[D] Spider

Answer: Beetle
Scientists have recently discovered 28 new species of beetles. One of them has been named
Trigonopterus corona, marking the large impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on this project. In April, a new
species of caddisfly was collected near a stream in Kosovo by a team of scientists, and was named
Potamophylax coronavirus. Before that, some insects were named P. coronavirus, A. quarentnus, S.
Covida.
115. Queen Heo Hwang-ok Memorial Park, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which
country?
[A] South Korea
[B] India
[C] China
[D] Thailand
Answer: India
The park, which was earlier known as Ram Katha Park, situated on the banks of the Sarayu in Ayodhya,
is being renovated. After it is inaugurated on November 4, the space will be known as Queen Heo
Hwang-ok Memorial Park. It is named after a Korean queen. Queen Heo Hwang-ok was a Korean queen
who is believed to have been born Princess Suriratna of Ayodhya, daughter of King Padmasen and
Indumati. Padmasen ruled the kingdom of Kausala, a region which extended from present-day Uttar
Pradesh to Odisha.
116. Which country has recently proposed a ‘Wealth Tax’?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] Switzerland
Answer: USA
US President Joe Biden has announced more conventional proposed rate hikes on the income of large
corporations and the wealthiest Americans, similar to a ‘Wealth Tax’. This new tax would apply to people
with over $1 billion in assets or $100 million in income for three straight years. Billionaires would also
face an additional tax on non-tradable assets such as real estate and business interests once those
assets are sold. This new tax is expected to raise $200 billion to $250 billion.
117. As per the ‘Digital 2021: October Global Snapshot”, what is the world’s population that uses a
mobile phone?
[A] 45
[B] 65
[C] 75
[D] 80
Answer: 65
Research firm We Are Social released a report titled ‘Digital 2021: October Global Snapshot”. As per the
report, more than 65% of the world’s population now uses a mobile phone. Global mobile phone users
reached 5.29 billion in October and the global users are increasing by nearly 100 million in the past year.
The report also highlighted that social media users are likely to be adopted by 60% of the global
population in the first half of 2022.
118. Raorchestes ponmudi, which is endemic to the Western Ghats, belongs to which species?
[A] Snake
[B] Turtle

[C] Frog
[D] Gecko
Answer: Frog
A frog species endemic to the Western Ghats named Raorchestes ponmudi or Bush frod, has been
identified as cardamom-friendly. The bush frog, or Raorchestes ponmudi eats up the shoot
borer Conogethes punctiferalis. They kill the moths that are known to destroy cardamom’s plants in a
large-scale. The moths destroying the pseudo-stems of the plants have been a great menace to farmers.
119. Which Union Ministry organised the “SAMBHAV”, a National Level Awareness
Programme-2021?
[A] Ministry of Education
[B] Ministry of MSME
[C] Ministry of Skill Development
Answer: Ministry of MSME
Union Minister of MSME Narayan Rane launched“SAMBHAV”, a National Level Awareness
Programme-2021. It is being organised by Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in New Delhi.
The outreach program will be a one-month long initiative in which students from different colleges/ITIs
will be encouraged by 130 field offices of the Ministry to take up entrepreneurship. College students will
be made aware of the schemes being implemented by the Ministry of MSME.
120. ‘Baldev Prakash’ has been appointed as the Managing Director and CEO of which bank?
[A] IDBI Bank
[B] Indian Bank
[C] Central Bank of India
[D] Jammu and Kashmir Bank
Answer: Jammu and Kashmir Bank
Baldev Prakash has been appointed as the Managing Director and CEO of Jammu and Kashmir Bank.
The Reserve Bank of India has approved this appointment recently. Presently, Baldev Prakash is the
Chief General Manager (Digital and Transaction Banking Marketing Department) at State Bank of India.
The Government of Jammu & Kashmir holds majority shareholding of 68.18% in the Jammu and Kashmir
Bank.
Note:
The above 120 questions are part of Daily Current Affairs 20 MCQs Series in GKToday’s Academy
Android Application. This series can be subscribed in the app only for Rs. 750/- for entire year.
Download Now.
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