Integumentary System - Anatomy and Physiology

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM  Stratum corneum- is the most
superficial stratum of the

Integumentary system epidermis.
- consist of the skin and accessory structures, - consist of dead squamous
such as hair, glands, and nails. cells filled with keratin.
- means covering, it covers the outside of the Dandruff - excessive sloughing of

body. stratum corneum cells from the
surface of the scalp.
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE Callus - increasing of the number of
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM layers in the stratum corneum,
producing thickened area.
 Protection
 then skin provides protection
 Dermis
against abrasion and ultraviolet
 A layer of dense connective
light.
tissue
 Prevents microorganism from
 Contains dense collagenous
entering the body.
tissue.
 Reduces water loss that
 Responsible for most of the
prevents dehydration.
skin's structural strength.
 Sensation
 Collagen - responsible for the
 It has sensory receptors that structural strength of the dermis,
can detect heat, cold, touch, and it is oriented in many
pressure, and pain. different directions that can
 Vitamin D Production resist stretch and this produces
 When exposed to ultraviolet cleavage lines or tension
light, the skin produces a lines.
molecule that can be
transformed into vitamin D, an It is important to know the direction of
important regulator of calcium the cleavage lines during incision of the skin
homeostasis. because if the incision is made across the
 Temperature Regulation cleavage lines, it is likely to gap and produce
 Amount of blood flow beneath scar tissue, but if incision is made parallel to the
the skin's surface and the cleavage lines then lines tend to gap less and
activity of sweat glands in the produce less scar tissue.
skin helps regulate the body's
- the skin rest on the subcutaneous tissue, which
temperature.
is the layer of connective tissue,
 Excretion
 Release of waste products - this is not part of the skin, but it does connect
through the skin and in gland the skin to the underlying muscle or bone.
secretions.
Example: The subcutaneous tissue serves as
SKIN the foundation of the house, the dermis forms
most of the house and the epidermis as its roof.
Skin is made up of 2 major tissues layers: the
epidermis and the dermis. Stretch marks - caused by
overstretching, leaving the dermis
 Epidermis damaged that causes visible lines
 most superficial layer of the skin through the epidermis. This can be
 prevents water loss and resists developed if the person increased in
abrasion. size rapidly.
 It is a stratified squamous
epithelium.  Dermal papilla - the projection that can
 Keratinization - cell's shape and be found in the upper part of the dermis
chemical composition. that extends through the epidermis.
- keratin protein makes the cells - blood flow through these vessels
more rigid and durable. supplies the epidermis with nutrients,
On this process, epithelial cells removes wastes products and helps
eventually die and form an outer regulate the body temperature.
layer of dead, rigid cells that
resists abrasion and acts as a
 The dermal papillae in the hands, and
permeability barrier.
on the soles of the feet, and on the tips
of the digits are arranged in parallel,
while curving ridges that shape the
overlying epidermis into fingerprints and
footprints. These ridges increases the
friction of the skin that improves the grip
of hands and feet.
Injection - is the process that delivers

substances such as medicines to the body by
puncturing the skin.
 Intradermal injection - inserting the

needle at a shallow angle into the
dermis, ex. Is tuberculin skin test.
 Intravenous injection
 Subcutaneous injection - achieve by
pinching the skin to form a "tent" and
inserting a short needle into the adipose
tissue and subcutaneous tissue. Ex is
insulin injection.
 Intramuscular injection - is achieved
by inserting a long needle at a 90
degree angle to the skin deep to the
subcutaneous
SKI COLOR

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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM  Stratum corneum- is the most

superficial stratum of the

- means covering, it covers the outside of the Dandruff - excessive sloughing of

Injection - is the process that delivers

 Intradermal injection - inserting the

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