MA English (Annual System)

Part - II BZU Multan

Paper-VII, Prose
The objectives of this course are to familiarize the students with a wide range of functional and non-
functional styles in English prose. Through an in-depth analysis of Bacon's text in terms of his use of wit,
figures of speech, imagery and aphorisms, the course begins with the Renaissance prose and moves on
to an analysis of the layers of wit, irony, humour, sarcasm, sardonic, tone leading to bitter and pungent
satire in Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Huxley's and Russell's prose styles are analyzed in relation to the
contemporary thought and philosophy; comparisons and contrasts in various prose writers° styles are
also highlighted. Two chapters from the works of Chomsky and Said are being introduced to acquaint
the students with the contemporary prose Writers. The question paper will give equal weightage to
each section and a question will also be set on textual analysis.

Renaissance Prose
Bacon Of Truth
Of Death
Of Marriage and Single Life
Of Revenge
Swift Gulliver's Travels
Modern Prose
Russell In Praise of Idleness
Western Civilization
Useless Knowledge
On Youthful Cynicism
Modern Homogeneity
Education and Discipline
Huxley Education of an Amphibian
Knowledge and Understanding
Liberty, Quality, Machinery
Ruskin The Crown of Wild Olive

Postmodern Prose
Chomsky On Language (Part-I)
Orientalism (Chapter 1 & II)
Edward Said Culture & Imperialism (Chapter-I)

Paper-VIII, American Literature: (Option-I)

The purpose of this course is to acquaint the students with the aspects of American
Literature which has a different cultural and geographical background. Selections from
Poetry, Drama and Novel have been made by including the representative writers of 19th and 20th
century. It will also enable the students to make a comparative study of British and American Literature.

History of American Literature

Poetry
Walt Whitman Extracts from Song of Myself (Sections: 1-2-3-6-20-21-32-48-52)
Robert Frost Selected Poems:
The Pasture
The Tuft of Flowers
Mending Walls
After Apple Picking
An Old Man's Winter Night
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
The Bear
Desert Places

Drama
Eugene O'Neill Mourning Becomes Electra
Novel
Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter
Hemingway A Farewell to Arms
F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby

Suggested Readings:
Robert Frost Centenary Essays
American classics revisited
Hawthorne 20th Century Views
Myth and Modern American Drama
American in Novel
Articles in Journals
1. The Scarlet Letter as a psychological novel
2. Pakistan Journal of American Studies (Literature Volumes)
3. Co-relation of Mysticism and Science in Whitman’s ‘Song of Myself’
4. Robert Frost: A Poet of 'Practical Problems’

Paper-VIII, South Asian Literatures: (Option-II)

Novels
Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan
Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines
Kiran Desai's Inheritance of Loss
Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine
Bapsi Sidhwa’s Bride
Kamila Shamsie's Burnt Shadows
Monica Ali's In the Kitchen

Short Stories: (2 selected stories from each writer)

1. Jhumpa Lahiri Interpreter of Maladies
2. Daniyal Moin-ud-Din In Other Room, Other Wonders

Poetry:
Selections from the works of:
1. Kamala Das (Selection from selected poems/A Doll for the Child Prostitute)
2. Taufiq Rafat (Selection from: A Dragonfly in the Sun)
3. Daud Kamal (Selection from: A Dragonfly in the Sun)
4. Nissim Ezekiel's Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T.S. & The Professor
5. Imtiaz Dharker’s After Creation
6. Moniza Alvi’s ‘Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan’

Drama:
1. Mahesh Dattani Final Solutions
2. Tariq Ali The Fox and the Leopard

Paper-IX, Postcolonial Studies

Section I: Theorizing Postcolonialism:
In spite of the expansion, together with the eventual ascent of postcolonial studies to a paradigmatic
status on contemporary intellectual scene in recent years, many of the fundamental questions about the
field still remain unanswered or controversial. There have been theoretical debates, over the
parameters, definition (s), methodologies or epistemological grounds, speaking positions, the locality,
etc. of the postcolonial literature. In light of the suggested readings below, the focus of this section
would be on situating ‘postcolonial studies’ or, more specifically, ‘postcolonial theory’, in a series of
critical debates dealing with the definitions, limitations of the term, along with the key notions
and debates related to the field of Postcolonialism.

Fanon's ‘Wretched of the Earth’.

Said’s ‘Culture & Imperialism’ (chapter 1-3)
Ashcroft, William D. Gareth Griffith, and Helen Tiffin, eds. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice
in Post-Colonial Literatures. London: Routledge, 1989
Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies. London: Routledge, 1998
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty’s ‘Can the Subaltern Speak’
Homi Bhabha's ‘Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse.’ October 28 (1984) 125-33
Loomba, Ania's ‘Colonialism/Postcolonialism’
Lazarus, Neil, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Postcolonial Literary Studies. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge UP, 2004
Moore-Gilbert, Baıt. Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Polities. London: Verso, 1997
Ahmad, Hena Zafar. Postnational Feminism in Third World Women's Literature. Boston: University of
Massachusetts P, 1998
Ahmad, Aijaz. In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures, London: Verso, 1992

Section II: Postcolonial Fictions

Reading the Imperial Canon
Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
Perceiving & mapping the colonial contact + independence:
Achebe's Things Fall Apart
Naipaul’s The House for Mr. Biswas

Section III: Rewriting the canon or counter discourse:

Coetzee's Waiting for Barbarians
Jean Rhys ‘Wide Sargasso Sea’
Linguistics creativity:
Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things
Immigration and Race Politics
Kureshi's The Black Album
Neocolonialísm
Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist

Paper-X, Novel
This course is designed to include major novelists of the Classical, Victorian and Modern Age. Tracing the
origin and development of the genre in the eighteenth century, the major novelists of English literature
are covered under three ages; each with its own distinct style, thus exposing the students to a range of
texts and styles beginning with the Picaresque novel of Fielding and moving on to Woolf’s technique of
the Stream of Consciousness. A compulsory question will be set based on the textual analysis of the
prescribed novels.

Classical and Romantic

Fielding Joseph Andrews
Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice
Victorian
George Eliot The Mill on the Floss
Thomas Hardy Return of the Native
Modern
E.M. Forster A Passage to India
Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse

Paper-XI, Stylistics: (Option-1)

Course Objectives:
This course introduces the students to the modern concept of style as distinguished from the traditional
one. The course will provide practice to the students in analyzing the literary discourses from a purely
linguistic perspective.
Course Outline
Section-l (introduction)
1. What is Style? (Traditional, modern, and linguistic concept of style)
2. What is Stylistics?
3. Branches of Stylistics
4. Foregrounding
5. Parallelism
6. Norm & Deviation
7. Figurative Language
Section-II (Levels of Analysis-I):

1. Phonological Level
• Sound Devices used in Poetry (Repetition, Assonance, Consonance, Alliteration,
Onomatopoeia, Rhyme etc.)
• Metre in poetry
• Style, Rhythm in Prose
2. Syntactical Level
• Nouns, Verbs
• Adjectives, Adverbs etc.
• Phrases, The Clause
• Clause Complexing
• Mood & Modality
• Theme and Rheme
• Transitivity and Meaning

3. Level of Discourse
• Cohesion
• Textuality
• Clause relations
 • Patterns of discourse organization
4. Pragmatic Analysis of Literature
• Speech Acts
• Deixis
• Implicatures
Section-III
1. Speech & Thought Presentation
2. Language, Ideology & Point of View
Literature as Discourse
1. Feminist Stylistics
2. Postcolonial Stylistics
3. Critical Discourse Analysis
Practicum
1. Analysis of Poetry
2. Analysis of Fiction

Reading List:
Carter, R. Ed, (1982) Language and Literature: An introductory Reader, London: Routledge
Freeborn, O. (1996) Style Text Analysis and Linguistic Criticism London: Macmillan
Leech & Short (1981) Style in Fiction. Longman
Leech, G. N (1969) A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry. Longman
Mills, S. (1995) Feminist Stylistics
Wales, K. (1989) A Dictionary of Stylistics Longman
Widdowson, H. G. (1975) Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature. Longman

Paper-XI, TESOL: (Option-II)

This paper aims at introducing theories of language and their application in the teaching of English in
Pakistan. The fırst section introduces theories of language learning and the following sections focus on
their applications in the teaching of English as a second/foreign language and literature.

Section-I
Theories
 Behaviourism
 Mentalism
 Monitor Model
Methods and Approaches
• Grammar translation method
• Direct method
• The Audio-Lingual Method
• Total physical Response
• Communicative Approach
• The Natural Approach
• Task Based Teaching
• The Oral and Situational Language Teaching
Section-II
Teaching Language Skills
• Listening Skills
• Speaking Skills
• Reading Skills
• Writing Skills
• Integrated Approach
Section-III
Teaching of Literature
• Poetry
• Drama
• Fiction
Testing and Evaluation
• Kinds of Tests & Testing
• Characteristics of a good test
• Testing of Language Skills
• Testing language sub-skills
Vocabulary tests
Grammar tests
Pronunciation tests
• Writing Test items
Practicum in Language Teaching
 • Lesson Planning
• Micro Teaching
• Classroom Management
• Innovations in classroom

Reading List:
Gower, R., Phillips, D., and Walters, S. (2005) Teaching Practice: A Guide for Teachers
in Training. Macmillan ELT
Harmer, J. (2001) The Practice of English Language Teaching (3rd ed.). Harlow, UK:
Pearson Education
Hughes, A. (1989) Testing for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000) Techniques and Principles in Language Learning (2nd ed).
Oxford: Oxford University Press
Nunan, D. (1988) Syllabus Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Richards, J. C. and T. S. Rodgers (2001) Approaches and Methods in Language
Teaching: A Description and Analysis (2nd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Rivers, W. M. (1981) Teaching Foreign-Language Skills (2nd ed). Chicago: University of
Chicago Press
Showalter, E. (2003) Teaching Literature. Oxford: Blackwell

Paper-XII, Sociolinguistics & Psycholinguistics

Sociolinguistics:
• Sociolinguistics-definitions, origins, approaches
• Dimensions of Variation in Language
• Multilingualism
• Language Identity, Power and Politics
• Language Culture and View of the World
• Social Literacy
• Non-native varieties of English
• Endangered Languages of the World
• Language Planning
• Methods for studying Sociolinguistics

Psycholinguistics:
• Introduction to Psycholinguistics
• Basic Language Abilities of Speakers
• Watson's Word Association Theory
• Staat's Word Class Association Theory
• Skinner’s Sentence Frame Theory
• Fries' Sentence Frame Theory
• Chomsky's Grammar Schema Theory
• Frame Theory
• Script Theory
• Chomsky’s Rationalism
• Language and Thought
• Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
• Child Language Acquisition
• Second Language Acquisition and Teaching

Reading List:
Hudson, R.A 1983 Sociolinguistics. GB. CUP
Holmes, J. (1992) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. USA. Longman,
Suzanne Romaine. 1995. Bilingualism (2nd Ed). Oxford: Basil Blackwell
Hudson, R.A. 1996 Socio-linguistics. CUP
Auer, Peter (Ed) 1998. Code-switching in Conversation: Language Interaction and Identity. London:
Routledge
Trudgill, P. 2002. Introduction to Language and Society
Wardhaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell
Bertolo, S. (2001) Language Acquisition and Learnability. Cambridge: CUP
Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge, New York. CUP
Foley, J and Thompson, L. (2003) Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
Garman, M. (1990) Psycholinguistics. Cambridge: CUP
McLaughlin, S. (1998) Introduction to Language Development. London: Singular
Publishing Group
Narasimhan, R. (1998) Language Behavior. New Delhi: Sage Publication India
Sharma, A. (2002) Psychology of Language Learning. Delhi: Global Vision Pub. House
Steinberg, D. (1982) Psycholinguistics. London and New York: Longman
Tomasello, M and Bates, E. (2001) Language Development. London: Singular Pub. Group

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