lwtninote Fenm leve P001tion

FonFon intninnic Fermi le vel ponlti0n

hole conentntion i'n VE
E lectO n e ntnotlon in CB
. ((30)
ni P
Nexp- teEe)= Ny enpe(-Efi-E
KT
kT

ex KT
exe(k-E)
Nv

exp-be-Ev
T
Nv
E+EFiEyt EAi N
=exp
( KT

Nu
=) exp -EtE)t2Eei N
T

tE 2 E
Ln exp / -Pe T
N
-(EL tE) t2 EFi e (n/Ne
T
N
2 EP Ec tEy + lnNE
KT
T Et ) - 131)
EF
EF (EctEy 2 me T 2
TAT
Ect Ev
2 t T me

EctEv 3kT
2 T -ln
Me
 95
Fo h e

EtEt T InC
2
&ctEv
2 13)
EP t the coutne oF Bond-goP
Gomdgop

Fo M he
CEtE+ ( we
(131)
1
2
oond9ap.
centre
obove he
otates a cDnducitn
t ha conduction
otates att the
deunity of
The efeative at n00
10' no
band adga o+ he io 04
am opical 0bondgop
gap
300k. he
ae hon innineie ceanien
c anen
tempentUne intnjnole

Coeolate
the
t he n0om tampenatne

o66 av
0'66 e .
ne ot
o in
cOnLemnaton ( in c)

bamd edge
(s00k at
condvehon

ototeo
S0. Denoi O
Ne l'oy x o C

0'66ev
gap ot Eg
Engy
penoatune T s 300K

intainMiL nemiLondvctono

Fo
e p
N exP (
N N 2KT
D'66 x I'6xo *
x ' 3 9 x1or23 x 300,

r04X10 exp 2 75)

04x/0 2:89 FiD °6
3:006 x101 cm
Cm
 a. Calcwlote tla pro bobilr thet a tate in te

conductiOn
conduction bano 19 occUpted by an alett0n a d
equilibnivnn elestnon Concen-
coalcolote te thenma
taotion in oili con att Te 300 k .

A-nu me the Feami annyy 0

1 25 ev belou le
tle

conducton band The vave of N fo2 Si at

5i af

T 300 k i Ne 2:8 X10' C -3

that e n n otnde ot
sol The pno boabi li'ty
in gven
electnon
an
EEc i occupied b

exp T
(E)= 1t p

- 0 2S 643x10*5

CE 0'025

con
cetnation
i 9ven by
The electao n

2¥pP - CBc-EF)
o NN kT
-
o 25
2 8 1D19 exp o'0z59

8 1o cm
i
inn a
; at
t T:400k.
T-400k
concentakion
hole
colote the o0'27aV above
. Ca
that
Fenmi
t h e Fenm ene
A onu me The
T h e vod
vad ve o
v e of
volence
bond enen .

+he
+he
Si Nv l'04 X1oCm.
Nv fo
Volve at T= 400K i
Panometer ( Nv)
Sol The

Nv= (r04KIo)300 '60x 1e cm3.

 ond
KT
T (0 0 2.59 400
300 =0 03453 ev

The hole cOncentaot on io +hen

PoN exp-CEp -6,)
KT
- 0: 27
160F/0) eP 0 034 53

Cm3
6 43 X1o'
the
the intinni'c Fenm
+he pooitío
. Colcolate
centeg
c e n t e e ot
ot the
to the
th reopect
leve T= 300k,
ilicon at
bomdgap effechve ma
m 9ra
eoe in
ffectve
ot otode
The dewoit mp0'56Mo
ane m 1:08Mo
Ith neopec
intninni Femi leve/
sol" The bamd-gap lo
cente
ofthe
to th

kT
n( p
E midgP
-/2 8ne v.

dopeo with
with 0' atomseu
As atomyc
10' As
doped
silien ample i Co
C ou
nLte
e v
nttn
naat
tiio
onn Po at
Po
AA aqvilibaium
hole

lhat i
the
nelatve to Ei ?

300k 2? hene io Ef
AonUe appro ximote
We Com
sol Since Na ni
no Nod 20
2 2 5 x 10 Cm3
225X
Po
 A ue knOW o e
CEA)/kT
Ne hoave
o'0259 In (rs0°)
o4 07 ev.
ncaudrot/ou
concatrotl
o Cannen
d e p e n dance
Tomperatune
concentnatio w h fampo-
The Vanation cannien
notune io indi' cata y eqn. , (129 ) e

ne E-6/kT
Po nt e
ai t h T
a T
vo'ation no
ofMo aoPo
n Po
the thise
Initial
Initiallu fonsendin
otnoig ht
Oeem
naladivay

nelatono, the fact that

CDmplicated y
blem is de pendende
The pno
tem penatne
has ntnootnen t th
w tempenadve
tempertve
Co
aloo
aloo van
van
thot Ef
Om
exam n tha intninnic
Let
nnien Oncemtnatlon.
kT
mmp e
=
2(kT
CT)
fempenatune depandence donyinaden

The exponential
an ne V
Me Vs 07 apo appeas

a plot o
nlT)
nlT)and
inecn dve to
dve
tha
fha T
T72
aniation
v
lect otfe
tere se
d nag otate fvncton
foncHon
dewoi ty
the Je
o
nomewbat aith
dependeme o Vanye
toet that Eg
ang the
t e m p e n a t v l e
 00 J00 250
SO0

ot
The valve
o ni
io oa
ne omy tempenotune
detinte nUmben foaa
5 y ol3 9ven tempentne: fo
dvctor
gven nem con
io
knosn fo
ond
moot matniao.

we Can tae
Thu
SxO O vodue
i cleoloiy o

0n Po

6
o6
2 00T(kT
Tempnwna deperdengo
Fi-32 The
elecknsn concentrai
o
nmcondvcton

1ntinoie dopesd
in a
viouolized
aso

c o
be
ohounI T:5.
Exthinol'
In
thio axomple
oniaoHOn
n-type
dopad
Si 1
with a dono
COn centnatan Nd T

2 At venn
Tampenshone ( anga
oL
nag g b l e inthIole
1000T
F-33 electnOn
o0Und
amd the donon
donoa

EHP exiot,
tbe
fempenatona i
atomo A
to the donon aae bsun tafLe
naloee) theoe electan +he condvcHon band
eoro t0a ane
donateo
 odsu
l00 k100/7 10)
oll fba dono
amd at boot
fempeno-tuno io colled
Thio

fle ioni 2atron Aa.gOn.

ion&ed t couducfion
Onee +he donons ne

cencontratton i M rJel0c
electnon
fa0m each donez
bond
obtained
ele.c tnon electren
5Ice
awai lable ex tain
COnduct'on ban
otomo. When avey
to the
the
onti
unti
been thans fenned f
feem
mppe
enna
attu
unng
g

uith
Comstant

intual intainni'
Canni e n

centation o extajni'
COnceut
the Cen
le to tha
mpaab
cO
beco mep

+ion N much
ftempenatwnen
hig o
Cannie
FinallM , at a t h e intminni'

gneaten than N&

conteol
dom nafe. deninab l e
to
t to
Un moot devices
cOnLentnaton by
dopi
dopinr

+e Cnnien
EHP 9nenaton
thenmal

than b
b9
the moteri a Uch fhat
ope
{ Thwo one uno beyod
beyond the
the
xtend
xtend s
t h a devices
trinnie nang deviceo
the e wh'ch
w ack
tha
aa
temperatune

ghest
wned,
io
i o 6e
 Compenatton amd spoca chnga Neutnaity

intno dued, we
Whe n h oncept of doping f a
matnia eDntained eitben Nd
anou med fhot 4he
fhat fhe extaivni
o0
donon BN Na atcepten
yene ho N J 02
cOntnotiono

ma) 0n t cennena
for the n- y pe 0
Po Na pectve,

matnjal.
P-tyPe n e m con dwcto2
hoap p e n
that
fen o oa
.F axample
> 9+ of acceptors.
aLcep toas
dononLA om wuth
wwth
Cotajn
both
dUcto
d ucto pz
llvotnate
e
t ea
a oe mi
oemi con

Preo u t , but
tg- 34 acceptol0

amd
both donons

N) Na
The predo m j n a n L e o
makea the moteio
E do non
EJL
-EF amo the Fe
n-type
level in t e U P P n p sat

o the 6omd goap.

io well
Ea EF
5tne the
-Ev
eoentia
la ve ifrlled
Fig-34 his
lave t
acceptor

obove f he

i t h elecknom
i rlled witha
accepten nfate
Annue hole nanv ( itHng
with a hole neU
valence bmd electmon,
band.
in the- valenLe
necombi nat 0n with
Thio hole then led b
cHon 6and electnono
6and eleetnono.
the co ndw
One ot outo m
fo all the accep to
Extending
Extending thio loqi
d e expect
the anultawt cOncennation off elactrono
inntead
( tha c0nductron bamd
to bo Nd- Na o
1o Colled COmpennato
to tol N This
Thio Pno ceo0

lectnOn,
fhe e.
+he (ecmon
T e exact nelotonswp anong
concentnotiono co
COm
Onnal accepton
hole
hole, donon
the naq uin mansfo o
ba obtained by aidenina
nautroli ty
OPc hnga
elecno nteticall
elecno nteti'al
to namajn
nama n
mateuial i holes
holes
O the
t he
cheageo
pooitive
the oum of 6ance the
nevtmal, muot
m unt
6alanca

donoa ontomn)
otomn
md ionized tonized accephz
amd
c h n g e ( e l e c t n o
o
negotive

otoma) - -(16)
Po+N = notNa
concentaton
electmon

the net
Thuo tg- 34 b a n d io
bomd 1o
in t he
the
Condrcton

Po+(Nat Na 3)
n-tyPe (oPo)
matenial io doped
9 f tke O n eedd, e
ne
impunifieo
ond oll the no N-Na.

appnoxi
mate e 1 3 ) b9