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Magnetostrictive Smart Materials (Part 2) (Part - 2)

This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on magnetostrictive smart materials: 1) It discusses the constitutive relationship that describes the behavior of magnetostrictive materials under stress and applied magnetic fields. 2) It presents different actuators and sensors that have been developed using the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D, including miniature actuators, inchworm motors, and vibration sensors. 3) It also explores potential future directions for magnetostrictive materials, such as using ferromagnetic shape memory alloys and developing magnetostrictive nanocomposites.

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Lokesh Sharma
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111 views22 pages

Magnetostrictive Smart Materials (Part 2) (Part - 2)

This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on magnetostrictive smart materials: 1) It discusses the constitutive relationship that describes the behavior of magnetostrictive materials under stress and applied magnetic fields. 2) It presents different actuators and sensors that have been developed using the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D, including miniature actuators, inchworm motors, and vibration sensors. 3) It also explores potential future directions for magnetostrictive materials, such as using ferromagnetic shape memory alloys and developing magnetostrictive nanocomposites.

Uploaded by

Lokesh Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 4:

Magnetostrictive Smart Materials


(Part -2)
2)
Organization
• The Constitutive Relationship
• Actuators Developed using Terfenol
Terfenol-D
D
• Sensors Developed using Terfenol-D
• Magnetostrictive Composites
Const. Eqn. of Magnetostrictive
Material
Joule Effect: S1 = 1/Ep + dmH
Villary Effect: B = dm 1 +  H

-stress, S-strain, B - magnetic


displacement/flux density
density,
 -p
permeability,
y, dm- magnetostrictive
g
constant
Magnetostriction in Solid Rod
(a) Demagnetized State (b) Partial Magnetization
( ) Irreversible
(c) I ibl Domain
D i Magnetization
M ti ti (d) Technical
T h i l Saturation
S t ti
Butterfly curve for TerFeNOL-D
TerFeNOL D
Magnetostrictive Mini Actuator (MMA)

Pre-load springs and permanent magnets are


used to put the piston in the zero-position and
also
l tto reduce
d h
hysteresis.
t i ThThe energizing
i i coilil
around the rod is used to activate the Terfenol-
D rod for dynamic application.
application
Actuation Strain by MMA
c(t) = S( + o) + d G i(t) +  K e
 -t/C i2 (t) dt

 - strain, S- compliance modulus,  - stress,


o – pre-stress,
t d – magneto-mechanical
t h i l
constant, G – control parameter, i(t) –
control current,  - equivalent thermal
coefficient of the housing, and C – a
parametric constant
A Kiesewetter Inchworm Motor
Hybrid Transducers
Vibration Sensing
Two approaches are taken to develop such
sensors:
(a)Development of particulate composite:
T f
Terfenol-D
l D particles
ti l off micron
i tto sub-
b
micron size is dispersed in a suitable
resin and cured to form sensors
(b)Development of thin-film metallic glasses
as magnetostrictive (MS) sensors.
Magnetostrictive
g Delay
y Line ((MDL)) Sensor
C
Constitutive
tit ti R Relationship
l ti hi

H(x,t) = f(x) I(t) = 1/((a2 + x2) I(t)

(H) = s (1-e-H ), >0

H – applied pulsed magnetic field, I(t) - applied


current a - distance between the pulsed
current,
conductor and MDL, s - saturation
magnetostriction,  - a material parameter
Hybrid Sensors
Future of Magnetostricve Materials?
Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

Material NiMnGa alloy


Strain induced in FSMA
Magnetostrictive
Nanocomposite
Magnetostrictive
Nanocomposite
Comparison of Free-Strain between
a Micron-level particulate composite
and Nanocomposite
References

• M. Anjanappa and Y. Wu, “Magnetostrictive particulate


actuators: configuration,
configuration modeling and characterization
characterization”
Smart Materials and Structures, 6, pp. 393-402, 1997.
• M.J.
M J Dapino,
Dapino F.T.
F T Calkins,
Calkins R
R.C.
C Smith and A A.B.
B Flatau,
Flatau
“A magnetoelastic model for magnetostrictive sensors”,
Proceedings of ACTIVE 99, Vol. 2, pp. 1193-1204,
December 02-04 1999.
• Mcknight, G. and Carman G.P., “Oriented Terfenol-D
Composites,” Material Transactions, Vol.43 No.5 (2002)
pp.1008-1014
END OF LECTURE 4

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