This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on magnetostrictive smart materials:
1) It discusses the constitutive relationship that describes the behavior of magnetostrictive materials under stress and applied magnetic fields.
2) It presents different actuators and sensors that have been developed using the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D, including miniature actuators, inchworm motors, and vibration sensors.
3) It also explores potential future directions for magnetostrictive materials, such as using ferromagnetic shape memory alloys and developing magnetostrictive nanocomposites.
This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on magnetostrictive smart materials:
1) It discusses the constitutive relationship that describes the behavior of magnetostrictive materials under stress and applied magnetic fields.
2) It presents different actuators and sensors that have been developed using the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D, including miniature actuators, inchworm motors, and vibration sensors.
3) It also explores potential future directions for magnetostrictive materials, such as using ferromagnetic shape memory alloys and developing magnetostrictive nanocomposites.
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LECTURE 4:
Magnetostrictive Smart Materials
(Part -2) 2) Organization • The Constitutive Relationship • Actuators Developed using Terfenol Terfenol-D D • Sensors Developed using Terfenol-D • Magnetostrictive Composites Const. Eqn. of Magnetostrictive Material Joule Effect: S1 = 1/Ep + dmH Villary Effect: B = dm 1 + H
-stress, S-strain, B - magnetic
displacement/flux density density, -p permeability, y, dm- magnetostrictive g constant Magnetostriction in Solid Rod (a) Demagnetized State (b) Partial Magnetization ( ) Irreversible (c) I ibl Domain D i Magnetization M ti ti (d) Technical T h i l Saturation S t ti Butterfly curve for TerFeNOL-D TerFeNOL D Magnetostrictive Mini Actuator (MMA)
Pre-load springs and permanent magnets are
used to put the piston in the zero-position and also l tto reduce d h hysteresis. t i ThThe energizing i i coilil around the rod is used to activate the Terfenol- D rod for dynamic application. application Actuation Strain by MMA c(t) = S( + o) + d G i(t) + K e -t/C i2 (t) dt
- strain, S- compliance modulus, - stress,
o – pre-stress, t d – magneto-mechanical t h i l constant, G – control parameter, i(t) – control current, - equivalent thermal coefficient of the housing, and C – a parametric constant A Kiesewetter Inchworm Motor Hybrid Transducers Vibration Sensing Two approaches are taken to develop such sensors: (a)Development of particulate composite: T f Terfenol-D l D particles ti l off micron i tto sub- b micron size is dispersed in a suitable resin and cured to form sensors (b)Development of thin-film metallic glasses as magnetostrictive (MS) sensors. Magnetostrictive g Delay y Line ((MDL)) Sensor C Constitutive tit ti R Relationship l ti hi
H(x,t) = f(x) I(t) = 1/((a2 + x2) I(t)
(H) = s (1-e-H ), >0
H – applied pulsed magnetic field, I(t) - applied
current a - distance between the pulsed current, conductor and MDL, s - saturation magnetostriction, - a material parameter Hybrid Sensors Future of Magnetostricve Materials? Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
Material NiMnGa alloy
Strain induced in FSMA Magnetostrictive Nanocomposite Magnetostrictive Nanocomposite Comparison of Free-Strain between a Micron-level particulate composite and Nanocomposite References
• M. Anjanappa and Y. Wu, “Magnetostrictive particulate
actuators: configuration, configuration modeling and characterization characterization” Smart Materials and Structures, 6, pp. 393-402, 1997. • M.J. M J Dapino, Dapino F.T. F T Calkins, Calkins R R.C. C Smith and A A.B. B Flatau, Flatau “A magnetoelastic model for magnetostrictive sensors”, Proceedings of ACTIVE 99, Vol. 2, pp. 1193-1204, December 02-04 1999. • Mcknight, G. and Carman G.P., “Oriented Terfenol-D Composites,” Material Transactions, Vol.43 No.5 (2002) pp.1008-1014 END OF LECTURE 4