Time Frame: 5 days

Due Date: October 22, 2021

Introduction to Thesis Writing

(Module 1)

Overview:

This module will attempt to train students to become a good researcher. This will also help
students who find difficulty to write a research paper proposal and thesis. This module encompasses the
meaning and characteristics of research Through this module, it is expected that you will gain
intercultural awareness and therefore minimize generalized thinking, stereotypes, prejudices, and racism
– things that are not only important as a future educator, but as a human as well.

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

1. Characterize the characteristics of a research.

2. Identify the unique features and qualities of a good researcher.
3. Know the meaning of research.
4. Identify the types of variables.
 RC- AL KHWARIZMI INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Barrio Marawi, National Highway, Marawi City
School ID: 478017
S.Y.2020-2021

Name: ___________________________________________________ Module: 1

COURSE TITE: INTRODUCTION TO THESIS WRITING Date: _________
Subject: EDU 198

Activity Title: Meaning and Characteristics of Research,

Learning Target: To know the meaning and Characteristics of Research
Reference: Research Methods and Thesis Writing 2nd Edition, pp 1-7

Meaning of Research

Research is identified as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection,

presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that links an individual’s speculation with reality. In other
words, research is the systematic study of trend or event which involves careful collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of quantitative date or facts that relates man’s thinking with reality.

Characteristics of Research

1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. The collection of
data relies on practical experience without giving consideration to scientific knowledge or theory.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles. Scientific study is done in an orderly
manner so that the investigator has confidence on the results. Systematic examination of the
procedures used in research enables the investigator to draw valid conclusion. Thus, the logic of valid
research makes it important for decision making.
3. Cyclical. Research is cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
For instance, an investigator who completes his study states his findings and draws up his conclusions
and recommendations.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical,
descriptive, experimental, and case study.
 Historical research. The date gathered focus in the past; however, it is least conducted by
researchers.
 Descriptive Research. The study focus on the present situation. It is common among th four
research designs conducted by graduate students.
 Experimental Research. The study is in future. It is seldom applied by graduate students due to
time consuming. But the design is encouraged to be conducted by experts in research.
 Case Study research. The study is focuses on past, present, and future. It is commonly
conducted by guidance counsellors.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgement. A higher level of confidence must be
established.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodological manner without bias using systematic method
and procedures.
7. Replicabity. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to
arrive at valid and conclusive results. Similarities and differences of replicated researches can be
compared. The more replications of researches, the more valid and conclusive results would be.
Replicability of the study means using the same instrument, method, and procedure but to different
subjects and venue.

Qualities of a Good Researcher

1. Research- oriented
2. Efficient
3. Scientific
4. Effective
5. Active
 6. Resourceful
7. Creative
8. Honest
9. Economical
10. Religious

Values of Research to Man

1. Research improves quality of life

2. Research improves instruction
3. Research improves teacher’s competence
4. Research satisfies man’s needs
5. Research improves students’ achievement
6. Research reduces the burden of work
7. Research has deep-seated psychological aspects
8. Research improves the exportation of food products
9. Research responds to the economic recovery and austerity
10. Research trains graduates to become responsive to the economic development of the country and
compete globally.

Types of Research

1. Basic research. This is also called as “fundamental research” or “pure research”. It seeks to discover
basic truths or principles.
2. Applied research. This type of research involves seeking new applications scientific knowledge to the
solution of a problem, such as the development of a new system or procedure, new device, ot new
method in order to solve the problem. In this type of research, the problem is identified and new
system or new method is applied in order to solve the problem. In other words, applied research
produces knowledge of practical use to man.
3. Developmental research. This is a decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps of
the scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices. This process
involves practitioners who study a certain problem in vivo and from such experience draw their
decisions and development as well as evaluation.

The Variables
Meaning of Variable

There is a saying that “no two individuals are alike even identical twins are different.” Even if twins
have the same sex, they differ in their personality, attitude, character, skills, abilities and values. This stems
from the fact that individuals are different.
A variable is defined as a quantity susceptible of fluctuation or change in value or magnitude under
different conditions. Numerical values or categories represent these quantities.

Types of Variable

1. Independent Variable. This is the stimulus variable which is chosen by the researcher to determine its
relationship to an observe phenomenon.
2. Dependent Variable. This is the response variable which is observed and measured to determine the
effect of the independent variables. It changes when the independent variables varies.
3. Moderator Variable. This is a secondary or special type of independent variable chosen by the
researcher to determine if it changes of modifies the relationships between the independent and
dependent variables.
4. Control Variable. This is a variable that is controlled by the investigator in which the effect can be
neutralized by eliminating or removing the variable.
5. Intervening variable. This is a variable which interferes with the independent and dependent variables,
but its effects can either strengthen or weaken the independent variable and dependent variables.
Illustration 1 (Experimental)

Independent Variables Intervening Variables Dependent Variables

Pellets Oxygen

(feed) Satinity
Survival rate
10% Temperature

15% pH

Illustration 2 (Experimental)

Independent Variables Intervening Variables Dependent Variables

Wave

Lantay Method Salinity

Yield
Hanging Method Temperature
Oxygen
pH

Illustration 3 (Descriptive)

Independent Variables Intervening Variables Dependent Variables

Age, Gender,
Civil Status,
Academic Experiences, Research
Rank Socio Economic performance
Status, Values,
attitudes

Figure 1.1 Illustrations of Independent, Intervening, and Dependent Variables

 Let’s do more!

Activity 1

Instruction. Explain your answer briefly. Use the given space.

1. Why do we conduct a study?

- The main purpose in conducting a study is to inform action, gather evidence for theories, and
contribute to developing knowledge in a field of study. This article discusses the significance of research and
the many reasons why it is important for everyone, not just the students and scientists. It is also to test existing
theories and to develop new theories on the basis of existing ones.

2. How does research helps us in our daily lives?

- Research is not only for students to conduct but it also for those entrepreneurs who is fond in business.
It helps them succeed in business. Conducting a research allows us to disprove lies and support truths which
also helps in our daily lives in a way where we can lively with our perception in life. And most importantly, it
provide us nourishment and exercise for the mind. Even though research is a no joke activity but it is indeed a
good exercise for the mind for both professionals and non-professionals.

3. Choose 2 of good qualities of a researcher and explain them.

- CREATIVE and HONEST. First of all, in conducting a research, it should always be creative for
which it is understandable and easy to access. Second is to be honest. In able to be a good researcher, truth
should be the goal in conducting your research. But aside from the two good qualities i have chose, a good
researcher must be open-minded and must also adopt critical way of thinking.

4. Identify 2 characteristics of research and give examples on each characteristics.

- EMPIRICAL and LOGICAL. Empirical is something that is based solely on experiment or experience.
An example of empirical is the findings of DNA testing. Based upon analysis of data or experience rather than
on deduction or speculation. Relying or based solely on experiment and observation rather than theory. An
example of an empirical research would be if a researcher was interested in finding out whether listening to
happy music promotes prosocial behavior. Logical research is digging into a topic in a valid way or a way that
makes sense. Getting rid of anything that cannot be validated and continuing with the things that can be
validated. Thus the research would end up being considered logical. If you can validate something it is usually
logical. 
Activity 2

A. Assignment. Give five titles of Research/Thesis.

1. Maximizing Parents' Involvement in Monitoring Students' Performance in School

2. Relationship between reading Comprehension Skills and Problem Solving

3. The Effects of Using Online games (Application) In Teaching Grammar and Vocabulary

4. Modules in 21st Century Literature

5. Implication for Strengthening the Spiritual and Religious Program in the Curriculum

B.

1. For those who chose coaching class, we will have our oral recitation on our class. Study

also your module for a quiz.

(Note: Your module will be pass during our coaching class.)

2. For those who chose online class. Wait for further instructions.

(Note: Your module will be pass on Friday, October 22, 2021. Deduction of points will

be given if you pass late.)