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Notes Network Intro

Hubs, switches, and routers are used to connect devices within a network and between networks. Hubs broadcast data to all connected devices, switches can deliver data to specific ports, and routers route data between different networks based on IP addresses. Routers act as the gateway between networks. Hubs and switches are used within local networks, while routers connect different networks such as a LAN to the internet. Network topology, cables, and wireless connections determine how devices communicate within a network.

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Aldwin Manalansan
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55 views

Notes Network Intro

Hubs, switches, and routers are used to connect devices within a network and between networks. Hubs broadcast data to all connected devices, switches can deliver data to specific ports, and routers route data between different networks based on IP addresses. Routers act as the gateway between networks. Hubs and switches are used within local networks, while routers connect different networks such as a LAN to the internet. Network topology, cables, and wireless connections determine how devices communicate within a network.

Uploaded by

Aldwin Manalansan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sa hub, once na pumasok yung data ng isang device na connected dun sa hub, mabobroadcast siya sa

lahat ng device na connected. Advantage: mas mura. Disadvantage: would consume network
bandwidth.

Switch (intelligent hub), may switching table or address table na nasstore yung physical address or
media access control address ng devices na connected. Can deliver data to the correct port

Hubs and Switches are used to exchange data within LAN. Kung kailangang mag-exchange data outside a
local network, kailangan ng makakaread ng IP Address para maipasa yung datasa ibang network kaya
dun papasok ang Router.

Router routes data from one network to another based on their IP Address. Can be a switch and a hub.
THE ROUTER IS THE GATEWAY OF NETWORK.

Hubs and switches are used to create networks within the same network. While routers are used to
connect different networks.

Ipconfig /all to check mac of device

Network Types

Depends on area coverage or geographical scope

- PAN (personal area network) – personal level. Uses Bluetooth, infrared and NFC and a USB
cable.
- LAN (local area network) – group of devices located in the same building connected thru cable
- WLAN (Wireless LAN) – uses wifi (wireless fidelity) router to connect and communicate without
using cables.
- CAN (Campus area network or intranet) – type of network that joins 2 or more LANs together
within a limited area
- MAN (metropolitan area network) – larger than can. Spans over several buildings in city or town.
- SAN (storage area network) – focuses on storage large amounts of data
- WAN (wide area network) – largest type of network. The internet is an example of a WAN.

Network topologies

How they are connected to each other.

- Star topology
- Ring topology
- Bus topology
- Mesh Topology
- Infrastructure topology
IP means internet protocol

- Network hosting and location addressing


- IPv4 is a 32 bit number system (4 numbers, 0-255) octet is 8 bits per number.
- 4 billion possible unique addresses.
- IPv6 is a new version of internet protocol, makes use of 128 bits for its address
-

Network Cables

UTP Cable

- Unshielded
o 4 pairs of color coded
o Twisted to prevent electromagnetic interference
- Shielded
o With foil shield that covers the wire
o Adds a layer of protection
- Cable stripper – to open a wire
- Wire crimper - attaches the rj45 connector to the wire
- Coaxial Cable

Broadband Cable – sharing single line or same bandwidth kaya minsan mabagal

Coaxial Cable

- 25-400 mbps
- Gateway: modem, switch and wifi router combo

Splitter splits data from internet modem and cable box

DSL or Digital Subscriber Line – uses 4 pin lines or telephone lines which is ginagamit sa telephone

- Carries both voice and internet data over telephone lines


- Highspeed connection
- Not as fast as cable but cheaper
- 5-100 mbps
- ADSL (Asymmetric DSL): download speed is faster than upload
- SDSL (Symmetric Digital subscriber line) – download and upload are the same
- VDSL (Very High Bitrate DSL) – fastest form of DSL (uses copper wire)

Fiber Internet

- Fastest
- 1000mbps download and upload speed
- Uses light to send data
- More expensive
- New

FTTH – isp to bahay using fiber

NAP box – network access point

Fiber optic cable are faster than copper wire

THROUGHPUT - CAPACITY (Dami ng data na kayang dumaan in a single time)


ATTENUATION - loss of signal (habang lumalayo)

(a type of utp cable) CCA - copper coated aluminum or pure copper

Wireless Connection
Uses different radio frequencies
The medium is air or the data is sent in air
1. Wireless PAN
a. Wireless Personal Area Network – short distance
2. Wireless LAN

Wireless Mesh networks


Mesh – mesh wire dugtong dugtong each device wirelessly
Global Area Network – used by mobile phones in texting and calling
Space Network – NASA Space Network makes use of this tech

Short video notes:


Wireless Network
- Can be easily installed
- Inexpensive
- More scalable
- Multiple devices at the same time
Operation:
- From sender, the data transferred to the antenna and to the receiver
WPAN – used in remotes
WLAN –
Wireless Mesh Network
WMAN – connect several wireless lans
WWAN – connects several wide area network
Global Area Network – covers unlimited amount of coverage

Mobile Communication
- The mic converts your voice into signals and transfers it to the antenna
Cable installation

Types of RJ45

1. Shielded type – may metal shield (used in cctv)


2. Pass through – may butas na lilitaw or lalampas yung cable
3. Unshielded type – walang shield

RJ45

- Used for ethernet networking and used for cables


- T568B is the arrangement of cable commonly used in Philippines
- May 8 strands of wire sa loob (4 twisted pairs)
- Sa CAT6E may separator sa gitna
- T568A: white green, green, white orange, blue, white blue, orange, white brown, brown
- T568B: white orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue, green, white brown, brown
- Straight-through cable and crossover cable are two network cabling types

- Straight-through cable (patch cable): same ng wiring standard sa magkabilang dulo. Ginagamit
sa dissimilar devices, like computer to router.
- Crossover cable: magkaibang wiring standards sa magkabilang dulo (T568A-T568B), used in
similar devices, like computer to computer. Why? Because each cable has different function, has
sent and receive signals.
- Green color: transmit signal (stripe color is positive, negative yung plain color)
- Orange: receive signal
- Blue is unused
- TX transmit, RX receive
- Patch panel is used to connect circuits. Neat patch is the neat organizing of cabling
-

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