Republic of the Philippines

Province of Cebu
City of Carcar
CARCAR CITY COLLEGE
Luan-luan, Poblacion 1, Carcar City, Cebu
Tel. No.: (032) 487-0063/487-9077 | Website: carcarcitycollege.weebly.com

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (GEC 7)

Prelim Module – 2

Name: ________________________ Course: __________ Date: __________ Module No. ____

Topic: Chapter 1: General Concepts and Historical Events in Science, Technology, and Society
Lesson 2: Science ,Technology , and Nation-Building

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons, students are expected to:

 Evaluate the role of science and technology in the Philippines
II: ACTIVITIES:
A : Consider yourself as a Filipino Scientist, relate through narrative essay how the
illustration below represents you. ((12 points)

Individual SCHOOL SCIENCE

Interest in SCIENCE LABORATORIES
Science

FAMILY
TEACHERS and REAL- LIFE
LEARNING CONTEXT
Natural ENVIRONMENT
Environment

FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Cebu
City of Carcar
CARCAR CITY COLLEGE
Luan-luan, Poblacion 1, Carcar City, Cebu
Tel. No.: (032) 487-0063/487-9077 | Website: carcarcitycollege.weebly.com

Your answers will be graded using this analytical rubrics below. Be guided.

Areas of 4 3 2 1
Assessment
Ideas Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too general Ideas are vague or
original manner consistent manner unclear
Organization Strong and organized Organized beg/mid/end Some organization; No organization; lack
beg/mid/end attempt at a beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Understanding Writing shows strong Writing shows a clear Writing shows adequate Writing shows little
understanding understanding understanding understanding

III: ABSTRACTION

Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines

The history of science and technology in the Philippines was started way back before the country gained its
independence from the American colonizers. Before the coming of the Spanish colonizers, the early inhabitants of the
archipelago had their own culture and traditions and had their own belief system and indigenous knowledge system
that keeps them organized and sustained their lives for many years.
Science, in pre –Spanish Philippines, is embedded in the way of life of the people. Scientific knowledge is
observed in the way they plant their crops that provide them food. Science is observed in the way they interpret the
movements of the heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates and in organizing days into months and years.
Science is used in preparing the soil for agricultural purposes and like any other ancient cultures, they
discovered the medicinal uses of plants. Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations and in developing
tools that they can use in everyday life. They developed tools for hunting, planting, cooking and fishing; for fighting
their enemies during war and tribal conflicts; for transportation, both land and water. They also developed technologies
in creating musical instruments.
The different archeological artifacts discovered in the different parts of the country also prove that the Metal
Age also had a significant influence on the lives of the early Filipinos. The sophisticated designs of gold and silver
jewelries, ceramics and metal tools, proved that their technological ideas helped in the development of different tools.
Also, trading with China, Indonesia, Japan, and other nearby countries have influenced their lives by providing different
opportunities for cultural and technological exchange.
All these ancient practices in science and technology are considered now as indigenous science or folk
science.
When the Spaniards colonized the country, they brought with them their own culture and practices. They
established schools for boys and girls and introduced the concepts of subjects and disciplines. It was the beginning of
science and technology in the country, known now as school of science and technology. Learning of science in school
focuses on understanding different concepts related to the human body, plants, animals, and heavenly bodies.
Life during the Spanish era, slowly became modernized, adapting some Western technology and their ways of
life. The Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials.
The galleon trade has brought additional technology and development in the Philippines. Being one of the centers of
global trade in Southeast Asia during that time was considered to be one of the most developed places in the region.
The superstitious beliefs of the of the people and the Catholic doctrines and practices during the Spanish era halted
the growth of science in the country.
The Americans have more influence in the development of science and technology in the Philippines compared
to the Spaniards. They established the public education system, improved the engineering works, and the health
conditions of the people. They established a modern research technology, the University of the Philippines, and created
more public hospitals than the former colonizer master. The Americans did everything to “Americanize” the Philippines.
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Cebu
City of Carcar
CARCAR CITY COLLEGE
Luan-luan, Poblacion 1, Carcar City, Cebu
Tel. No.: (032) 487-0063/487-9077 | Website: carcarcitycollege.weebly.com

Science and technology may have significant impact on the lives of the people and in the development of the
Philippine society. However, improving the quality of science education still remains as a big challenge in the country.
School science from basic education to graduate education is improving slowly, and there are only few students
enrolling in science and technology courses.
The Philippine congress has also created various laws related to science and technology. These laws serve as
a legal framework for science and technology in the country. These laws vary according to different theme such as:
conservation, health-related, technology-building, and supporting basic research, among others. Some laws and
policies are in line with international treaties such as the United Nations (UN), United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other international
agencies.

National International Legal Social Needs, Issues

Goals Treaty Frameworks and Problems

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

*Policies *Programs *Projects

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

The development of policies in science and technology is influenced by several variables: policies need to be
aligned to national goals, consider international commitments based on legal frameworks, and respond to various social
needs, issues and problems. Science and technology policies ensures that the whole country and all the people will
experience the progress that science can bring. Policies are guides to direct all efforts to a goal of developing a
scientifically advanced country.
IV: ASSESSMENT
Test I: What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of science and technology advancements in
our society? (10 points)
Give your concrete conclusion. (12 points)

ADVANTAGES ( at least 5) DISADVANTAGES (at least 5)

 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Cebu
City of Carcar
CARCAR CITY COLLEGE
Luan-luan, Poblacion 1, Carcar City, Cebu
Tel. No.: (032) 487-0063/487-9077 | Website: carcarcitycollege.weebly.com

Conclusion: (12points)

Your answers will be graded using this analytical rubrics below. Be guided.

Areas of 4 3 2 1
Assessment
Ideas Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too general Ideas are vague or
original manner consistent manner unclear
Organization Strong and organized Organized beg/mid/end Some organization; No organization; lack
beg/mid/end attempt at a beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Understanding Writing shows strong Writing shows a clear Writing shows adequate Writing shows little
understanding understanding understanding understanding

V: APPLICATION:
The influence of science and technology in the development of the Philippines as a country, was even before
the time of Spanish colonization where various people and communities practiced science. They invented tools and
built structures, studied the medicinal uses of plants, observed heavenly bodies to predict seasons and weather, and
used indigenous science in agriculture. These are considered indigenous science, which is one of the foundations of
modern science.
Many of the Filipino scientists are products of good school science. It means they were taught and inspired
by great teachers. Their interest in science started to manifest during their childhood years. Their natural environment
ignited their curiosity to learn more about the natural and physical environment, whether they are in the country or
abroad, they always excel in their job. The Filipino spirit in their souls has never faded, they continue to bring honor to
the country and make ordinary things in an extraordinary way. These are the factors that influence the Development of
Filipino Scientists.
The growth of science and its development as a field in the country is a hybrid of indigenous and foreign ideas.
Spain and the United States, being the former colonial masters of the country, played and important role in building the
foundation of science in the Philippines. To further strengthen the science program in the Philippines, the government
establishes various science programs, policies and projects.
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Cebu
City of Carcar
CARCAR CITY COLLEGE
Luan-luan, Poblacion 1, Carcar City, Cebu
Tel. No.: (032) 487-0063/487-9077 | Website: carcarcitycollege.weebly.com

Through the years, many Filipinos were able to establish themselves as scientists and science educators in
various scientific areas and fields. Invention and Innovations were done by these Filipino scientists. Finally, the
demands for globalization, especially the ASEAN economic agenda, prompted the Philippines to invest in science and
technology programs and projects.1

TOTAL CREDITS FOR THIS MODULE IS 34 POINTS.

Prepared by: Noted:

MARIA BEMA R. SABALA REVILINA S. LOPINA, Ph.D.

Instructor College President

Adapted by:

DEXTER C. MACASERO

1
Serafica, et all 2017
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Cebu
City of Carcar
CARCAR CITY COLLEGE
Luan-luan, Poblacion 1, Carcar City, Cebu
Tel. No.: (032) 487-0063/487-9077 | Website: carcarcitycollege.weebly.com