What it means to be a DBA

Best Practices

Natural Conference in Boston, MA

August 17-20, 2008

Dieter W. Storr
[email protected]
 DBA ?

Doing Business As ……

Deutsche Ba (German airline)

Doctor of Business Administration

Davis-Bacon Act of 1931

Design Basis Accident

Design Business Association

Dual Band Antenna

Direct Budget Authority

Dollar Bill Acceptors

Dumb But Adorable

Danish Beekeepers' Association
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 2
 ASSO

DATA

WORK

Data
Base
Administrator

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 3
 Content 1

Tasks of a DBA

[Help to] determine the database design

Hardware level

Application design level

Determine the ADABAS parameters

Help to determine the transaction design

Coordinate the online and batch processes

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 4
 Content 2

Develop Back-up and recovery procedures

Ensure (force) quality assurance and quality
control

Performance and tuning

Educate and train staff members

[Help to] determine data security

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 5
 Content 3

[Help to] determine standard routines and

help functions

Maintain and optimize the database system

Ideal DBA profile -- technically and personally

Future requirements

Position and salary of the DBA in the
enterprise
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 6
 Tasks of a DBA

Sometimes different organizational units

Run Utilities

Create FDT

Determine Disks

Determine DB Components

Determine Access paths

Install ADABAS SVC/Router

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 7
 Tasks of a DBA

Leads to performance problems

DBA must have good knowledge about
development as well as system tasks, for
example

Programming (Natural, Cobol, Assembler), design

Operating system, TP monitor, SVC installation

Supervisor and coordinator

Mainframe, Unix, Linux and/or Windows

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 8
 Database Design
(Mainframe)

Hardware level

Help to determine number and type of disks, cache

Help to distribute disks to channels

Determine which component to be allocated on what
disk, for example ASSO, DATA, WORK, PLOG, TEMP,
SORT, CLOG, etc.

Disk arrays – distribution still important?
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 9
 AS DA WO TE SO PL PL CL CL
SO TA RK MP RT OG OG OG OG
1 2 1 2
ASS - N- N- J N N N N N
O K K

DAT N- - J N J N N N N
A K

WOR N- J *) J J N N N N
K K

TEM J N J - J J J J J
P

SOR N J J J **) J J J J
T

PLO N N N N N - N N N
G1

PLO N N N N N N - N N
G2

CLO N N N J J N N - N
G1

CLO N N N J J N N N -
G2 Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 10
 Database Design
(Mainframe)

Hardware level – PLOG Performance

Since ADA52: LFIOP > 0

WORK and PLOG I/Os asynchronously

No wait for I/Os

Minimize I/Os by using large blocksizes for
WORK and PLOG

Good results with half-track blocking

For PLOG: don’t use tape, use disk
NPLOG=[0, 2-8]

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 11
 Database Design
(Mainframe)

Hardware level – CLOG Performance

Very costly in performance

Activate on demand only

APAS has own CLOG, writing from a subtask

TRIM is using crunching to minimize I/Os

NCLOG=[0, 2-8]

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 12
 Database Design
(Mainframe)

Hardware level

Distribution of ADABAS nuclei to different CPUs

Help to determine the priorities between ADABAS, TP
Monitor, EntireX and others

Distribution of nuclei to logical machines (VM)

Work load manager and service class
http://storrconsulting.com/sc510-ada006.html
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 13
 Database Design
(Mainframe)

Hardware level – to be measured (1)

DASD analysis, space and data management

Channel and I/O activities

Processor status and usage, SRM and PR/SM

Address space activities

Paging and swapping

Cache device usage
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 14
 Database Design
(Mainframe)

Hardware level – to be measured (2)

Usage of CSA, ECSA, SQA, ESQA (ADA SVC)

ENQ usage

ASP usage of work space

Used OP code

Type and reason for interrupts

Name of loaded system overlays / length of overlay
queues
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 15
 Database Design
(Mainframe)
V e r sElapsed
t r i c h e n eTime
Zeit

SRB = Service Request Block

TCB = Task Control Block
CPU = Processor
CPU Time
CPU-Zeit

SRB
TCB-Zeit
TCB
SRB-Zeit Wait
Wartezeit
Time Time Time

elapsed time = wait time + SRB time + TCB time

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 16
 Database Design
(Mainframe)

Hardware level – tools

MVS -- z/OS:
ALERT, CMF, CUE, EXPLORE, LOOK, MVS-PT,
OMEGAMON, RESOLVE, RMF-II

VSE:
EXPLORE, SMART, SMT

CICS:
CMF, EXPLORE for CICS, THE MONITOR FOR CICS
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 17
 Database Design
(Unix)
Hardware level

Spreading the container files (RAID devices?)

For Linux only: use file system ext3

Most of what applies on the mainframe also applies
to ADABAS on Unix or Windows

Increasing system V IPC resources by using several
parameters, e.g. AIO_MAX (not for AIX)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 18
 Database Design
(Unix)

Hardware level

Enabling asynchronous I/O (AIX)

Changing the thread scheduling model (AIX)

Raw device or file system

Most of the ADABAS container files can be located on both,
for example ASSO, DATA, WORK, SORT, etc.

Some files can only be loaded on file system, for example
ADAMUP ISN, FDT, raw data
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 19
 Processes

Database
Shell Library Programs
s

System Calls

Design (Unix) (read,fork...)

UNIX
-
Kernel

System Call Interface

OS (Processor) File System Admin exec

Process

IBM AIX Mgmt
System

SUN Solaris (UltraSPARC) Buffer

HP-UX (PA_RISC) Character Block

Virtual
Storage
Mgmt

HP-UX (Itanium) Driver

LINUX (IA-32) Red Hat

Hardware Interface

LINUX (IA-32) SUSE

IBM zLinux (zSeries)
File System
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 20
 Database Design
(Unix)

Process Management

Parallel execution of multiple processes (multi tasking)

Mode switching

Privileged kernel mode

Less privileged user mode

Context switch – process is swapped out to RAM

Excessive context switching = CPU bottleneck
http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/UAU/process/manage.html

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 21
 Database Design
(Unix)

Memory Management

IPC Interprocess Communication

Message queue (like a mailbox)

Signals, files, pipes

Shared memory segments

Semaphore (locking mechanism used to control
access to to files, shared memory, message
queues or any system resource)

ipcs displays and ipcrm destroys a semaphore

More info see SL24, technical papers

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 22
 Database Design
(Unix)

Performance Management

User-state CPU

System-state CPU

I/O Time and Network Time

Virtual Memory Performance

Time spent running other programs

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 23
 Database Design
(Unix)

Measure Performance Management (1)

cron Process scheduling

nice/renice Change priorities

setpri Set priorities

netstat Network statistics

nfsstat NFS statistics

time/timex Process CPU Utilization

uptime System Load Average

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 24
 Database Design
(Unix)

Measure Performance Management (2)

ps Process Statistics

iostat BSD tool for I/O

sar Bulk System Activity

vmstat BSD tool for V. Memory

gprof Call Graph profiling

prof Process Profiling

trace Used to get more depth

http://www.circle4.com/jaqui/papers/webunuk.html
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 25
 Database Design
(Unix)
Measure Performance Management (3)

Commands may differ depending on the platform
they are being run on, for example AIX:

tprof CPU Usage
svmon Memory Usage

filemon Filesystem, LV .. activity

netpmon Network resources

sar command with several sar –options

SarCheck from Aptitune Corp., analyzing sar output

http://www.circle4.com/jaqui/papers/webunuk.html
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 26
 Database Design
User level

Data modeling

[Help to] determine the transition from
logical to physical database design (DBA or
DA)

Entity relationship

Normalization

Denormalization

Unified Modeling Language

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 27
 Source:
ISBN 3-528-
15289-3
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 28
 Database Design

Normalization – technique for data analysis
defined in relational database theory

First normal form 1NF

Eliminate repeating attributes / groups

Each record has a primary key

Second normal form 2NF

Eliminate attributes, which are related to a

multi valued key. Create a separate table.

Third normal form 3NF

Eliminate attributes not dependent to the

key. Create a separate talbe.

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 29
 Database Design

Denormalization

Transform entities / relation and cardinality

1:1 same primary key

1:1 different primary key but same attributes

1:N common part of primary key

1:N hierarchical structure

Sub-entities and common primary key

Split record type

Add record types, for example results

Add fields

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 30
 Database Design

Denormalization

1:N Integrate primary key as foreign key into
subordinated entity

1:1C or 1:NC Insert new attribute into primary
entity

1:N recursive primary key of superordinated line
is foreign key in the subordinated line or all
primary keys of subordinated

1:N multiple recursive: Primary key in relational
table.
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 31
 Database Design

Denormalization N:M

Two files and multiple field in second entity

One file with multiple field in PE group

Two files and multiple field in first entity

One file and one PE group

All solutions have pros and cons

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 32
 Database Design

Manual denormalization

Transform relations and cardinalities

Determine integrity rules

Determine access paths

Implement database physically

Optimize processes

Performance and tuning

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 33
 Database Design

From Object-Oriented Programming

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

UML is a standard notation for the

modeling of real-world objects as a first
step in developing an object-oriented
design methodology. Determine access
paths

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 34
 Database Design

Its notation is derived from and unifies
the notations of three object-oriented
design and analysis methodologies:

Grady Booch's methodology for describing a
set of objects and their relationships

James Rumbaugh's Object-Modeling
Technique (OMT)

Ivar Jacobson's approach which includes a
use case methodology

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 35
 Database Design

Use-Case Modeling

An actor represents anything that

interacts with the system

A use case is a “chunk” of

functionality performed by a system,
yielding a measurable result of value for
an actor

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 36
 Database Design
A use case diagram is drawn to illustrate that use cases and actors
interact by sending stimuli to one another

Customer
Conduct Bank Transactions
Bank

Run Reports

Maintain ATM Machine

ATM Maintainer
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 37
 Database Design

Scenario

Object (State, Behavior, Identity)

Interaction Diagrams

Sequence Diagrams and Scripts

Collaboration Diagrams

Link Notations

Classes and Objects

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 38
 Database Design

User level

Different databases for

DBAs, Test and development

User acceptance test

Production and staging (FNAT,

FUSER, FSEC, FDIC)

Training, Spool NAF, CON-NECT, CASE, ESS,

etc.

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 39
 ADABAS Parameters

Determine some of the parameters in

connection with the system group to avoid an
increase of

CPU time

Paging rate

Number of I/Os

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 40
 ADABAS Parameters

Influences performance

Size of buffer pool

Size of work pool

Size of dynamic caching

Number of buffer flushes

Bypass device caching

Size of protection log (work part 1)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 41
 ADABAS Parameters

Influences performance

Number of queues and threads

Size of format buffer

Size of TBI pool

Size of hold queue

Size of security pool

Values of time limit windows

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 42
 Transaction Design
DB transaction must end before DC transaction

READ VIEW1 BY ISN R1. READ VIEW1 BY ISN

DISPLAY FIELD1 DISPLAY FIELD1
UPDATE G1. GET VIEW1(R1.)
END TRANSACTION UPDATE (G1.)
END-READ END TRANSACTION
END-READ

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 43
 Transaction Design
Add many DB transactions into one (batch)
Reason: performance, ET commands are costly
. . .
Note:
UPDATE
ADD 1 TO #UPDATE-COUNTER
Hold queue
overflow
IF #UPDATE-COUNTER > 50
NAT3009-1
RESET #UPDATE-COUNTER NAT3045
END TRANSACTION
Work-1 overflow
END-IF NAT3009-15
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 44
 Transaction Design

Determine the number of write commands
per logical DB transaction

STORE, UPDATE, DELETE

Hold queue overflow NAT3009-1 NAT3045

Back-out, Work-1 overflow, NAT3009-15

Adjust parameters HQ, LP

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 45
 Transaction Design

Determine the maximal number of
ADABAS commands per DC transaction

Between terminal I/Os

Adjust Natural parameter MADIO to avoid
NAT1009

TP monitor: CPU time limit exceeded

TP monitor: ADALIMIT=32767 (before cancel)

TP monitor: ADACALLS=50 (before rolls)

TP monitor: ADAROLL=.1 (before rolls)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 46
 Transaction Design

See handouts:
‘System Event Conditions and User ID
Handling’

Unplanned System Event Descriptions

Parameter values in different databases

Effect

Action

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 47
 Online and Batch Process

ADABAS doesn’t differentiate between online
and batch users

Batch users can send more ADABAS
commands per second than online users

Batch users can influence the online response
time

DBAs can discuss with OP the best time to
use batch programs, for example before 8:00
AM and after 5:00 PM.

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 48
 Online and Batch Process

Possibilities to slow
down batch processes Batch

Write user exit B in

ADALNK

Batch slow down from ADALNK
Treehouse (TRMUEXBB) User Exit B
by time, commands, jobs

Batch class priorities

Work load manager
ADABAS

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 49
 Back-up and Recovery
Procedures

ADABAS backup is primarily used to physically

restore a database

Create procedures (JCL) to back-up and
restore databases

Create procedures for disaster recovery D/R

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 50
 W e e k ly
ADABAS 6.2.2 Back-up at LA Times
2 1 :0 0 -2 1 :3 0 2 1 :3 0 -1 :1 5 2 :0 0 3 :0 0 8 :0 0 -1 1 :0 0

A D A P n B K F A D A P n P L C A D A P n P L C
O n lin e S A V E F E O F P L P L O G S w itc h

D is k
P o o l P D S , G D G s , e tc .

D F D S S A D A P n B K O B R M /A B A R S
F u ll V o lu m e C o p y O n lin e S e v e ra l J o b s
B a c k -u p S A V E s

J o b N u m b e r o f
3 4 9 0 ta p e s
A D A P 1 B K O 2
A D A P 2 B K O 3 5
A D A P 3 B K O 1 6
A D A P 4 B K O 8
A D A P 5 B K O 4
6 5
D F D S S / o n e 5 9
ta p e p e r v o lu m e
B R M /A B A R S 2 2
T O T A L 2 1 1
( O n ly fo r A D A B A S ) P ic k -u p b y R e c a ll
S ta tu s : 1 2 N o v 2 0 0 4

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 51
 Back-up and Recovery
Procedures
Basic restore procedure (based on the previous slide)

Full volume restore (only formatted ASSO, DATA,
WORK, PLOG etc. areas)

Format WORK, PLOG1, and PLOG2

Restore the databases by using online save back-ups

and protection logs (RESTONL)

Regenerate all activities after the last back-up of all
databases by using the protection logs

Repeat ADABAS utilities, for example mass ADALOD
updates

Continue to regenerate the relevant files

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 52
 Where to get recovery
info from
Without ADARAI

ADAREP and ADASAV: Session/PLOG #

ADASAV job: dataset name

ADAREP CPLIST: SYN1/SYN2 and other

synchronized checkpoints

PLCOPY jobs: dataset name, from/to block #

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 53
 Where to get recovery
info from
With ADARAI

CHKDB: Check the Database Status

DISABLE: Deactivate Recovery Logging

LIST: Display Current RLOG Generations

PREPARE: Initialize and Start the RLOG

RECOVER: Build a Recovery Job Stream

REMOVE: Remove the Recovery Aid

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 54
 A D A R A I V7.4 SM2 DBID = 00215 Started 2006-08-26 20:15:10

Parameters:
-----------
ADARAI LIST GENS=YES,RELGEN=2-0
Recovery Log File for database 215

MINGENS value is 16
Start RABN for Log Data Area is 21
Highest Log Area RABN is 480
Current value for Rotating RABN is 305
I Gen- I I Block I Date / Time I
I Number I S I From To I From To I
I--------I---I-----------------I---------------------------------------------I
I 744 I N I 305 305 I 2006-08-26 14:32:32 2006-08-26 14:32:54 I
I 743 I N I 304 304 I 2006-08-25 21:03:04 2006-08-26 14:32:32 I
I 742 I N I 303 303 I 2006-08-24 21:03:28 2006-08-25 21:03:04 I
I 741 I N I 302 302 I 2006-08-23 21:03:11 2006-08-24 21:03:28 I
I 740 I N I 301 301 I 2006-08-22 21:02:50 2006-08-23 21:03:11 I
I 739 I N I 300 300 I 2006-08-21 21:02:58 2006-08-22 21:02:50 I
I 738 I N I 299 299 I 2006-08-20 21:02:48 2006-08-21 21:02:58 I
I 737 I N I 298 298 I 2006-08-19 14:33:30 2006-08-20 21:02:48 I
I 736 I N I 297 297 I 2006-08-18 21:02:40 2006-08-19 14:33:30 I
I 735 I N I 296 296 I 2006-08-17 21:03:18 2006-08-18 21:02:40 I
I 734 I N I 295 295 I 2006-08-16 21:02:48 2006-08-17 21:03:18 I
I 733 I N I 294 294 I 2006-08-15 21:02:53 2006-08-16 21:02:48 I
I 732 I N I 293 293 I 2006-08-14 21:03:03 2006-08-15 21:02:53 I
I 731 I N I 292 292 I 2006-08-13 21:02:59 2006-08-14 21:03:03 I
I 730 I N I 291 291 I 2006-08-12 14:34:19 2006-08-13 21:02:59 I
I 729 I N I 290 290 I 2006-08-11 21:02:43 2006-08-12 14:34:19 I
I--------I---I-----------------I---------------------------------------------I

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 55
 <snip>

*** 2006-10-09 21:03:29 Nucleus PLOG Number=1815

*** SAVE DATABASE ONLINE

Save dataset PLOG Number = 1815

Block number of SYN1/4-Checkpoint = 4174
Block number of SYN2/5-Checkpoint = 4184
FILES = 6,7,8,9,11,12,15,17,19,25,37,40,42,46,53,55,77,106
FILES = 108,109,111,113,117,122,198

ADARUN DBID=215,SVC=254,DEVICE=9990,LP=65535
ADARUN PROGRAM=ADASAV,TNAX=18000
ADARUN IGNDIB=NO

ADASAV SAVE BUFNO=2,TTSYN=60

//DDSAVE1 DD DSN=ADABAS.PROD.DB1.BACKUP.FULL.G2327V00(+1),
// UNIT=3490,DISP=NEW,DCB=(RECFM=VB,BLKSIZE=262144,
// LRECL=32756),
// VOL=SER=(L06352,L08301,L06382)

DDSAVE1 VOLSER=L06352 From Block=1 (ASSO)

. To Block=115236
. Volume is associated with PLOG No. 1817
.
. DDSAVE1 VOLSER=L06352 From Block=1 (DATA)

<snip>
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 56
 Delta Save Facility (DSF)
ASSO
ASSO ADASAV
NUCLEUS ASSO SAVE
DELTA
Buffer Pool Delta Log (RABN)
DLOG changed RABN

DSF=YES
changed blocks

DATA
DSF=YES DATA Delta Save
DATA

Dual Protection Log DDDSIM

DDPLOGR2 DDSAVE1
Extracted
DSIM
ADARES
PLCOPY Blocks
DSF=YES
DDPLOGR1 PLOG copy
Dieter W. Storr DDSIAUS1
August 2008 [email protected] 57
 Delta Save Facility
Full Image
Save
Online/Offline ASSO
DDREST1

ADASAV
Delta Save RESTORE
RABN DSF=YES

DDDELT1-8 DATA
Online
Images DSIM
extracted
RABN
from PLOG DDDSIM
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 58
 B/R Methods

Disk to Disk

Mirroring

Hardware

Software

Replicating

Software

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 59
 Example For Disk Mirroring

Back Up / Hot Site

S/390 UNIX
EMC 5700

SRDF OC-3 link SRDF

remote mirrored remote mirrored
synchronized 12-15 miles synchronized

EMC 5700

S/390 UNIX
Main Platform
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 60
 Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy Extended Distance (PPRC-XD)
PPRC = 60 miles - PPRC-XD = continent

FlashCopy

ESS Shark ESS Shark

- IBM ESS DASD

- HDS
also support PPRC
Also see TimeFinder from EMC

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 61
 How FlashCopy Works
Pre-defined
time window Read only: update requests are queued
NU = NC
Suspend Resume

Read
Read / update only Read / update

snap

Source
Source Physical
Physical
Snapshot
Snapshot
Data
Data Backup
Backup
Source: SAG
ADADBS TRANSACTIONS SUSPEND,TTSYN=60,TRESUME=120
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 62
 ADABAS Data Replication
z/OS
z/OS Image A Target
Image C
Field
Origin
Target DBMS Target
File File Field

Target Target

DBMS z/OS Table Unix

Image B Server D
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 63
 Possible Hot Site Solutions

Enterprise Server Los Angeles

Shark Shark EMC

Converter ESCON
OC3 OC3 FICON OC3
OC3 OC3 OC3
Fiber
Optic
Shark EMC EMC

Own Enterprise Server Hot Site

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 64
 Back-up and Recovery
Procedures

Logical restore in a parallel updated

environment is generally impossible

S4 N1 N2 E1 A1 ET S1 N1 . . .
User 1 File 20

L4 A1 ET
User 2 File 20

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 65
 Back-up and Recovery
Procedures
Handbook: z/OS Recovery Procedures

Recovering the z/OS platform

Reestablishing the network connections

Recovering the ABARS aggregates
Aggregate Backup And Recovery Support (ABARS) is a function
of DFSMShsm.

Recovering the ADABAS databases

Restoring third-party software products
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 66
 Quality Assurance
Quality Control

Measure hardware and software to control
the performance of the database

Evaluate database statistics, for example

Reports

Session statistics

ASF

SYSAOS

Performance monitors

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 67
 Quality Assurance
Quality Control

Analyze programs regarding database access
efficiency and transaction design

Educate and train developers and
programmers regarding database access
commands by using Natural, Cobol, PL/1,
Assembler, SQL

Performance and tuning in detail 

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 68
 Performance and Tuning

What data can be collected

What tools can be used

How to analyze

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 69
 Performance and Tuning

Symptoms

Development

One program is using workload

Production

Resources are no longer available and the cause
must be found

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 70
 Performance and Tuning

Symptoms for increased workload

Number of I/Os

Number of ADABAS commands

CPU time

Duration of ADABAS commands

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 71
 Performance and Tuning

Collect performance data (free tools)

ADAREP

Session statistics

User exit 4

Command log

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 72
 Performance and Tuning
ADAREP
Physical layout ASSO, DATA, WORK
From To Number Dev Table File VOLSER
Blk Blk of Blks Type Type Number

1306 - 1398 93 9990 DSST 0 PAR076

1399 - 1430 32 9990 PPT 0 PAR076
1431 - 1433 3 9990 AC 19 PAR076
1434 - 1434 1 9990 NI 19 PAR076
<snip>

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 73
 Performance and Tuning
ADAREP
File components
File Name Loaded TOP-ISN MAX-ISN Extents Padding
NUA D A% D%
13 AGNT-DRAW-ACTVTY 1991-10-26 3368661 3739111 111 1 1 1
14 AGNT-SRVC-CMPLNT 1995-02-25 6317341 7694255 111 1 1 1
18 CUST-ACCT-ADJSTM 1990-10-14 16079502 20000543 111 1 1 1
19 CHECKPOINT 2002-10-05 2338 5023 111 1 1 1
22 CUSTOMER-ACCOUNT 1994-12-16 11205876 20000543 121 1 1 1
<snip>

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 74
 Performance and Tuning
ADAREP
File space allocations
File Name Alloc.: NI UI AC Data/Cyl
Unused:

13 AGNT-DRAW-ACTVTY 316484 2044 2977 178371/1698

13 115650 1100 34070/324
14 AGNT-SRVC-CMPLNT 41953 485 6126 60502/576
14 2412 254 12900/122
22 CUSTOMER-ACCOUNT 119923 549 15924 416526/3966
22 42850 254 46786/445
<snip>
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 75
 Performance and Tuning
ADAREP
File extents
List I Dev Block I Space Alloc. I From To I Unused Space I
Type I Type Lngth I Blocks Cyl I RABN RABN I Blocks Cyl I
-----I------------I------------------I---------------------I------------------I
AC I 9990 3768 I 15924 81I 2926304 2942227I I
NI I 9990 3768 I 119923 614I 2942228 3062150I 42850 219I
UI I 9990 3768 I 292 1I 3062151 3062442I I
UI I 9990 3768 I 257 1I 3904794 3905050I 254 1I
DSST I 9990 3768 I 111 0I 1548 1658I I
DS I 9990 7548 I 416526 3966I 913133 1329658I 46786 445I
<snip>
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 76
 Performance and Tuning

Nucleus session statistics

Duration, wait time, CPU time

I/O statistics

Logical reads / buffer efficiency

Command statistics, by thread, by file, by type

Translated and overwritten formats

Auto restarts and throwbacks

Buffer flushes

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 77
 Performance and Tuning
ADABAS

ADABAS
Session Statistics

PGM

ADABAS File

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 78
 Performance and Tuning

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 79
 Performance and Tuning

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 80
 Performance and Tuning

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 81
 Performance and Tuning

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 82
 Performance and Tuning

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 83
 Performance and Tuning

User exit 4

Example assembler program see source dataset
ADABAS.ADA742.SRCE(USEREX4), ADA811: no

ADARUN parameter UEX4=pgm

Gets control after a command processed and
before CLOG will be written

CLOG dataset must be defined (not dummy)

ADARUN parameter: LOGGING=YES

Collect info and print it out at nucleus end

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 84
 Performance and Tuning

User exit B[efore] and A[fter]

Called from link routine (ADALNK, ADALNC) before
the command will be processed

Define length of user block (7th ADABAS parameter)
in user exit 4: LNUINFO=xxx bytes

Fill in user block in UEXITB with performance data,
for example Natural program name

Example assembler program see source dataset
ADABAS.ADA742.SRCE(UEXITB), ADA811: no

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 85
 Performance and Tuning

Command Log

V4: CLOGLAYOUT=4 (ADA8: no longer supported)

V5-7: CLOGLAYOUT=5

V8: CLOGLAYOUT=8, also new extended ADABAS
control block (ACBX)

ADARUN parameter LOGGING=YES

ADABAS PRILOG utilities for V4, V5, for V8
available with ADA811 and L002 tape

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 86
 Performance and Tuning

Command Log

Physical I/Os are very costly in time

Be careful: CLOG is using the work pool (LWP),
even if it is not written physically – was a problem
under ADA526, RC88, under ADA7/8 ?

CLOG can be switched on and off via UEX4

CLCOPY via UEX2 and

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 87
 User-Program / TP-Monitor

ADALNK / ADALNC LNUINFO EQU Bytes

USER-EXIT-B USER-EXIT-A

Control-Block - CB User-Block

FB RB SB VB IB
ROUTER

ADABAS

NUCLEUS ADARUN UEX2=progname

ADARUN UEX4=progname
USER- USER- ADARUN LOGGING=YES
EXIT-2 EXIT-4 ADARUN LOGCB=YES
........ und eventuell andere Puffer

aktiv
RJE
(DD)CLOGR1 (DD)CLOGR2

Job-Übergabe

..CMD... ASSO...
S1 519
S2 2713
ADARES PRILOG /
CLCOPY PRILOG5
S2 1683 Source:
FB .......
SB
ISBN 3-528-
.... 15289-3
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 88
 BATCH TP-MONITOR

User-Program User-Program
CALL 'ADABAS' USING ....
CALL 'ADABAS' USING....
CB FB RB SB VB IB
CB FB RB SB VB IB

ADARUN
ADABAS CSECT

Dynamisches LINK

ADALNC UB
ADALNK UB

USER- USER-
USER- USER-
EXIT-B EXIT-A
EXIT-B EXIT-A

ROUTER / SVC

ADABAS ADABAS ADABAS Source:

DATENBANK 1 DATENBANK 2 DATENBANK 3 ISBN 3-528-
15289-3
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 89
 Performance and Tuning

AFPLOOK

Determine, which files are candidates for
ADABAS Fast Path

ADABAS 7.1: ADAAFP

ADABAS 7.2 and ADA811: AFPADA

It is invoked using the ADARUN command:
ADARUN FASTPATH=YES

Was (<ADA7) special user exit 4 from SAG
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 90
 Performance and Tuning

AVILOOK

ADABAS Access Analysis Tool

Identify files that may benefit from the
ADABAS Vista partitioning option.

It’s a SYSAOS function

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 91
 Performance and Tuning

Nucleus
Parame-
ters 5 %
Applica-
tion Logic
70 % File
Design
20 %
Hardware
5%
Source:
ISBN 3-528-
15289-3
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 92
 Performance and Tuning

Collect performance data (add-on tools)

SYSAOS (SAG)

ADABAS Statistic Facility (SAG)

Review (SAG)

APAS/Insight/SpaceMan (Debug, Goal, Legent,
CA)

TRIM (Treehouse)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 93
 Performance and Tuning

Collect performance data (add-on tools)

Profiler for Natural (Treehouse)

Test Coverage Analyzer for Natural (World
Quality Systems Limited, Derby, England

INFONAT from InfoTech-CS, s.r.o. Brno, CSSR

Omegamon (Candle, IBM)

Strobe (Compuware)

TMON – The Monitor for CICS (ASG Software
Solutions)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 94
 Performance and Tuning
SYSAOS
Code Basic Services Code Other Services
---- ---------------------- ---- ---------------------
A Session monitoring 1 Adabas Cache Facility
C Checkpoint maintenance 2 Delta Save Facility
F File maintenance 3 Trigger Maintenance
M Database maintenance 4 AOS Security
O Session opercoms 5 Transaction Manager
R Database report 6 Adabas Statistics
S Space calculation 7 Vista
? Help 8 Fastpath
. Exit 9 SAF Security

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 95
 Performance and Tuning

PREFETCH / MULTIFETCH

Find candidates with high number of read
sequenses

For batch and online – but mostly for batch

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 96
 Performance and Tuning

PREFETCH / MULTIFETCH
//DDCARD DD DISP=SHR,DSN=ADABAS.CNTLLIB(ADANUC)
// DD DISP=SHR,DSN=ADABAS.CNTLLIB(MULTFTCH)

PREFETCH=YES
PREFIFILE=123,PREFICMD=L1 include file (<7.4 exclude)
PREFIFILE=135,PREFICMD=L3
PREFIFILE=135,PREFICMD=L9
PREFNREC=xxx not higher than the number of reads per loop
PREFSBL=xxxxx PREFSBL = 2* ( ARB * PREFNREC * 4/3 )
PREFTBL=xxxxxx set equal to PREFSBL unless multiple
sequential processes are involved
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 97
 Performance and Tuning

READ (50000) VIEW1 BY ISN with different PREFSBL.

ADABAS Calls w/o Multifetch = 50,000
ADABAS Calls with Multifetch: see figure
Number of I/Os with and w/o Multifetch are approx. the same
but can be different depends on the ADABAS buffer pool
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 98
 Education and Training

Educate and train staff members

Inhouse or extern training through SAG or
others

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 99
 Education and Training

Analysts, developers, programmers

Improve database techniques and access
routines

Learn programming techniques, e.g. in
NATURAL

Learn how to us the data dictionary PREDICT

New and updated versions and releases

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 100
 Education and Training
Data Administrators

Transform the logical into the physical data
model

Determine and evaluate optimal access paths
and use it for the data model

Usage of scheme generator of PREDICT CASE

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 101
 Education and Training
Data Administrators

Usage of PREDICT GATEWAY to migrate from
Excelerator or IEW to PREDICT

Learn how to migrate to PREDICT from

UML

BPM, for example ARI

......

Inform about new and updated versions and
releases
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 102
 Education and Training
Operating

Design and apply job procedures to

support the database, e.g. utilities, jobs,

MQSeries, EntireX

Inform about new and updated versions

and releases

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 103
 Education and Training
User

Help to develop and carry out training for

new or updated applications

Help to train end-user if they can use

applications like Super Natural, especially

in search strategies

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 104
 Data Security

ADABAS Security

NATURAL Security

PREDICT Security

SYSAOS Security

Third-party products, e.g TRIM, APAS/Insight,
N2O, etc.

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 105
 Data Security
ADABAS Security

Data encryption (only DATA)

ADASCR

Access or update level by file

Value-level protection

ADASAF -- System Authorization Facility

RACF, ACF2, Top Secret

ADAESI

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 106
 Data Security

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 107
 Data Security

SAF Repository

Product Protects
ADABAS SAF ADABAS
ADABAS SQL Server SAF ADABAS SQL
Entire Net-Work SAF Entire Net-Work version 5.6 and above
EntireX SAF EntireX, Entire Broker, Broker Services
NATURAL SAF NATURAL

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 108
 Data Security

ADASAF

Entire SAF Gateway

Entire Network SAF (NETSAF)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 109
 Data Security

NATURAL Security (MF, UNIX, Windows)

SYSSEC

Users

Libraries

Links Between Users and Libraries

DDMs/Files

Utilities

Applications

Other Object Types

Profile Parameters

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 110
 Data Security

NATURAL Security (MF, UNIX, Windows)

LOGONEX1-3

NSCxxEX1: xx= US, LI, DD, FI, EX – User Exits

NSC---L, NSC---P, etc. -- Application Interfaces

SECNOTE - User Exit for Security Notes

Plug-ins under NSC

SYSDIC under NSC

SYSAOS under NSC

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 111
 Data Security

NATURAL SAF Security

Add-on to NSC

SAF-compliant (RACF, CA-ACF2, CA Top Secret)

SYSSAFOS (defined in NSC)

SAF interfaces: NSFNPAS, NSFNPASZ, NSFNPAX

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 112
 Data Security

PREDICT Security

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 113
 Data Security

ADABAS Online System Security

Requires Natural Security

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 114
 Data Security

Third-party products, e.g TRIM, APAS/Insight,

N2O, etc.

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 115
 Standard Routines
Help Functions

Write HTML-based help functions and publish

it into your Intranet

Publish the manuals (not security)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 116
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Check and search SL24 for

Early warnings

Fixes

Technical papers

Search SAG-L for

Problems and customer solutions

Do a Google search, for example

“ADABAS response code 148” or “Unix Tools”
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 117
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Observe the databases – plan ahead

Nucleus session statistics

Extents

Buffer flushes

ASSO, DATA, WORK I/Os

Compare logs with previous sessions

.....

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 118
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Observe the databases – plan ahead

ADABAS reports

Extents

Unused spaces

File distribution in connection with accesses

.....

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 119
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Observe the databases – plan ahead

Reports of performance monitors

High water marks

I/O activities

Unusual events

Number of field accesses (format buffer)

Descriptor usages

.....

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 120
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
11:56:34 ***** A D A B A S BASIC SERVICES ***** 2006-10-02
DBID 215 - High Water Marks - PACUH02

Pool / Queue I Size I Used I %Used I Date Time I

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attached Buffer(NAB) I 1310720 I 276224 I 21.0 I I
Command Queue (NC) I 61440 I 4800 I 7.8 I 2006-10-02 09:27:34 I
Format Pool (LFP) I 2650000 I 2649844 I 99.9 I 2006-10-01 00:07:04 I
Hold Queue (NH) I 112168 I 10304 I 9.1 I 2006-10-02 09:13:38 I
ISN-List Table (LI) I 7000 I 3668 I 52.4 I 2006-10-01 08:00:50 I
Seq. Cmd. Table(LQ) I 9000 I 2912 I 32.3 I 2006-09-23 21:25:21 I
User Queue (NU) I 90848 I 57120 I 62.8 I 2006-10-02 09:24:43 I
Unique DE Pool (DUQ) I 5300 I 1980 I 37.3 I 2006-09-28 18:00:33 I
Security Pool (LCP) I 2000 I 0 I 0.0 I I
UQ File List (UQF) I 31080 I 14256 I 45.8 I 2006-10-02 09:24:43 I
ATM Trans. IDs (XID) I 0 I 0 I 0.0 I I
Work Pool (LWP) I 870000 I 410292 I 47.1 I 2006-09-23 21:25:22 I
Redo Pool (LRDP)I 0 I 0 I 0.0 I I
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 121
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
I/O statistics
I/O counts (including initialization)
READS WRITES
------------------------------------
ASSO 8919359 1462298
DATA 74228690 1191707
WORK 1625 1168619
PLOG 70 927378
CLOG 0 0
------------------------------------
Total 83149744 4750002

Log. reads 804,563,314 [/ phys. reads =]

Buffer eff. 9.0

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 122
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
5299,256 Formats had to be translated
0 Formats had to be overwritten
0 Autorestarts were done
4 Throw-backs due to ISN problem
0 Throw-backs due to space problem
3,235 Bufferflushes were done

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 123
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
Command Queue (NC)

ET L3 S1
Selection by Throwbacks if
- Priority - ISN problem
- Age - Space problem (LWP)
- Cmd type - Deadlocks (LBP RABNs
- ET block
Threads (NT)

A1 S1 S2
active ready to run waiting

Interrupts and thread changes by waiting of resources

I/Os, RABNs, LWP space, WORK-II
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 124
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Observe the databases – plan ahead

Reports of special ADABAS utilities

ADAICK, ADAACK, ADADCK

Block usage

Padding area usage

Compressed record length (other block sizes?)

Estimate ADAM accesses (if used)

.....

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 125
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
ADAACK
*********************************************
* Check AC for File 19 (CHECKPOINT ) *
*********************************************
Reusable ISNS (Hexadecimal):
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000
<snip>
Pass 1 - Load Address Converter into memory.
---------------------------------------------
ERROR-126, AC-ELEMENT contains DS-RABN 00000004 (4) (Duplicate ISN)
DS Block=00000007 (7), ISN=000009D1 (2513)
<snip>

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 126
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
ADADCK DSCHECK FILE=019,USAGE

RABN LNG I....1....2....3....4....5....6....7....8....9.....I %

00000001 1CDA I************************************************* I 98
00000002 1CA8 I************************************************ I 97
00000003 10B5 I**************************** I 57 <
00000004 1D0C I************************************************* I 99
00000005 1D1E I************************************************* I 99
RABN LNG I....1....2....3....4....5....6....7....8....9.....I %

412 Records processed for File 19,

the largest record has 629 bytes.

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 127
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Observe the databases – plan ahead

Reports of ADABAS Statistic Facility

Analyze trend reports

.....

Reports of user exits (4 and B)

. . . . .

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 128
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2005-12-12 18:16:13 ADABAS Capacity Planning Page 1
ADAREP3 ZINDWS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DB Allocated Mega Bytes Used Mega Bytes Unused Mega Bytes Number
ASSO / DATA PCT ASSO / DATA PCT ASSO / DATA PCT Volume
----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ------
PROD1 2336 100.0 285 12.2 2051 87.8 1
2520 100.0 2093 83.1 427 16.9 1
----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ------
Subtot 4856 100.0 2378 49.0 2478 51.0 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROD2 16357 100.0 13780 84.2 2577 15.8 7
27726 100.0 25555 92.2 2171 7.8 11
----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ------
Subtot 44083 100.0 39335 89.2 4748 10.8 18
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<snip>

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 129
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DB Allocated Mega Bytes Used Mega Bytes Unused Mega Bytes Number
ASSO / DATA PCT ASSO / DATA PCT ASSO / DATA PCT Volume
----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----- ------
Total 522508 100.0 458609 87.7 63899 12.2 213
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remarks:
In addition to the above mentioned ASSO and DATA volumes,
the following additional space is needed for each database:
--- ------------------------------------------------
Vol Database Components
--- ------------------------------------------------
1 WORK1
2 PLOG1/2 - protection log
1 ADARAI - recovery log information
- RLOG1 - recovery log information / with PLOG
- RLOGM1 - recovery log information / with PLOG
- CLOG1/2 - command log information / not yet (2)
2 TEMP1/2 - temporary area for utilities
2 SORT1/2 - sort area for utilities
1 DSIM1 -
--- ------------------------------------------------
9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of the report
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 130
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Document installation processes

Describe all datasets

Describe scheduled jobs, for example CA-7

Add new volumes

Write tools (ADAREP+) for capacity planning

Analyze and evaluate shut-down statistics

Maintain ADABAS databases and versions

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 131
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Maintain used and free file numbers

Reorganize databases and files

Refresh development, acceptance test, and
training DB with production data

Analyze problems and solve them

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 132
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Analyze problems and solve them, for

example

ADABAS nucleus doesn’t respond to ADAEND

ADABAS nucleus won’t start

Change tape/cartridge/VTS unit

User file is blocked after 5th extent

User file extent cannot be allocated

Checkpoint file extent cannot be allocated

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 133
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Maintain and optimize other SAG products:

NATURAL

NATURAL Security

ADABAS Basic System (AOS, etc.)

PREDICT

TP Monitor Interfaces (Com-plete and/or CICS)

Review

EntireX

.....
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 134
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Maintain and optimize third-party products:

CA: APAS/Insight, SpaceMan, PLEU

Treehouse: TRIM, N2O, . . . . .

UNIX performance tools

Mercury LoadRunner and others – see the URLs

http://h30097.www3.hp.com/docs/porting/interop/performance
.html

http://www.itworld.com/Comp/3380/UIR010329cockcroftletters
/#ruletool

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 135
 Maintain and Optimize
DB System

Open problem request to SAG (SL24)

Open C/E requests (SL24)

Discuss problems and C/Es at your User
Group meetings and/or SIGs

Give presentations during SAGGROUP
meetings. --- Yes! You will learn from it!

......

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 136
 Ideal DBA Profile
Mainframe and Unix

Organizing and managing computer data

Ensure integrity and availability

Ensure that computer server environments

are functioning properly

Ensure that any development or modifications
are consistent with the organization’s
computer architecture

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 137
 Ideal DBA Profile
Mainframe and Unix

Plan and install upgrades to DBMS

Maximize performance of computer systems

Design and modify databases as per user

requests and system requirements

Monitor system performance

Establish and implement backup and recovery

processes

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 138
 Ideal DBA Profile
Mainframe and Unix

Establish data security and integrity

Manage disk space

May need to be available after hours to

perform some of the duties

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 139
 Ideal DBA Profile

Bachelor’s degree in MIS, Computer Science

or related field.

Minimum of five years IT experience with at
least 2 years as a DBA

Experiences in one or more DBMS

Knowledge of DB concepts, theories and
principles

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 140
 Ideal DBA Profile

2-3 years experience in DB design – from

logical to physical DB design

Excellent analytical skills

Previous success working on mission critical
technology projects.

Capacity planning

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 141
 Ideal DBA Profile

Very good experience in hard and software

Mainframe, for example

Hardware architecture, for example

Coupling links, channels,

Operating systems, for example

z/OS, z/VM, VSE, Linux, Unix, or BS2000

Languages, for example

Assembler, Natural, JCL

System and tuning software
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 142
 Ideal DBA Profile
Very good experience in hard and software

UNIX

Hardware architecture

SAN devices

Unix authentication and administration

Active Directory

Operating systems, for example

HP-Unix, Windows XP, Linux, AIX – Unix/Sun Solaris

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 143
 Ideal DBA Profile
Very good experience in hard and software

UNIX

Knowledge of programming concepts,

techniques and languages, for example

Development Platforms

Client server

Citrix

n-tier

Web

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 144
 DBA Salary

US:

Starting level up to: $73,896

Santa Barbara, for example $81,390

Median expected salary: $84,824

Santa Barbara, for example $93,299

Senior level: $96,162+

Santa Barbara, for example $105,734

+ bonuses
Source: http://swz.salary.com/salarywizard/...........

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 145
 DBA Salary

UK:

Range of typical starting salaries: £16,000

- £20,000 ($37.514)

After two-three years salaries typically

range from £20,000 - £30,000 ($56.270)

At a senior level/with experience (e.g. after

10-15 years in the role): £35,000 -

£45,000+ ($84.406)
1 British Pound = 1.87569 US Dollar
Source: http://www.prospects.ac.uk/......... (July 2006)
Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 146
 Ideal DBA Profile

Must be able to effectively work on multiple

projects concurrently

Strong organizational and time management
skills.

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 147
 Ideal DBA Profile

Excellent written and oral communication skills

Ability to work in a team environment

Project management experience

Knowledge in data dictionaries

Tuning knowledge

System automation knowledge

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 148
 Future Requirements

Network administration

Knowledge of networking architecture

How to measure response time in the
network

Web access

Knowledge in downsizing, for example from
the mainframe to Unix or Windows

Client-server technology

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 149
 Future Requirements

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Collection of services

Loosely coupled software architecture

Services and connections

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 150
 Future Requirements
Acquiring knowledge about

Model Driven Architecture (MDA)
A way to organize and manage enterprise
architectures (Leader: IBM Rational)

Computation Independent Model (CIM)

Platform Independent Model (PIM)

Platform Specific Model (PSM)

Implementation Specific Model (ISM)

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 151
 Future Requirements

MDA provides an open, vendor-

neutral approach to the
challenge of business and
technology change
MDA separates business and
application logic from
underlying platform technology
Built using UML and other OMG
model standards
Source:
http://www.omg.org/mda/

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 152
 Position of a DBA

Part of a database group (ADABAS, Oracle,

Sybase, etc.)

Not integrated in programming

Authorized to issue directives

Same level as programming managers and
system programmer manager

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 153
 Position of a DBA

Help to design or “the designer?”

Help to advise or “the adviser?”

.....

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 154
 Everything
DBA is under
control

Dieter W. Storr
August 2008 [email protected] 155