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30 - Methods of Taper Turning

There are three main methods for turning tapers on a lathe: using a taper attachment, compound rest, or offsetting the tailstock. The taper attachment moves the cutting tool at an angle relative to the workpiece to automatically produce a tapered shape. The compound rest can be manually set at the desired taper angle but is limited in the length of taper produced. Offsetting the tailstock from center is best for short tapers when no taper attachment is available but requires machining between centers.

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3K views4 pages

30 - Methods of Taper Turning

There are three main methods for turning tapers on a lathe: using a taper attachment, compound rest, or offsetting the tailstock. The taper attachment moves the cutting tool at an angle relative to the workpiece to automatically produce a tapered shape. The compound rest can be manually set at the desired taper angle but is limited in the length of taper produced. Offsetting the tailstock from center is best for short tapers when no taper attachment is available but requires machining between centers.

Uploaded by

bhagirath360
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Methods Of Taper Turning

In ordinary straight turning, the cutting tool moves along a line parallel to the axis of
the work, causing the finished job to be the same diameter throughout. However, when
cutting a taper, the tool moves at an angle to the axis of the work, producing a taper.
Therefore, to turn a taper, the work must either be mounted in a lathe so that the axis
upon which it turns is at an angle to the axis of the lathe, or cause the cutting tool to
move at an angle to the axis of the lathe.
When the diameter of a
piece changes uniformly,
from one end to the other,
the piece is said to be
tapered. Taper turning as
a machining operation is
the gradual reduction in
diameter from one part of
a cylindrical workpiece to
another part
Tapers can be either
external or internal. If a
workpiece is tapered on
the outside, it has an
external taper; if it is tapered on the inside, it has an internal taper.

The method used for turning a taper depends on the degree, length,
location of the taper (internal or external), and the number of pieces to be
done. The three basic methods of turning a taper require the operator to
use either a compound rest, offset the tailstock, or use the taper
attachment. With any of these methods, the cutting tool must be set exactly
on centre with the axis of the workpiece or the workpiece will not be truly
conical, and the rate of taper will vary with each cut.
Taper Turning Attachment
The taper attachment is used for turning and boring
tapers. It is bolted to the back of the carriage saddle. In operation, it
is connected to the cross-slide so that it moves the cross-slide laterally
as the carriage moves
longitudinally. This action
causes the cutting tool
to move at an angle to the axis
of the workpiece to produce a
taper.
The angle of the desired taper
is set on the guide bar of the
attachment, and the guide bar
support is clamped to the lathe
bed. Since the cross-slide is
connected to a shoe that
slides on this guide bar, the
tool follows along a line that is
parallel to the guide bar and
hence at an angle to the
workpiece axis corresponding
to the desired taper.
Compound Rest

The compound rest is generally used for turning or boring short


steep tapers, but it can also be used for longer, gradual tapers, providing
the length of the taper does not exceed the distance the compound rest will move
upon its slide. This method can be used with a high degree of accuracy, but is
somewhat limited due to the lack
of an automatic feed and the
length of the taper being restricted
to the movement of the slide.
The compound rest base is
graduated in degrees and can be
set at the
required angle for taper turning or
boring.
With this method, it is necessary
to know the included angle of the
taper to be machined. An included
angle is formed by and between
two intersecting straight lines.)
The angle of the taper with the
centerline is one-half the included angle and will be the angle that the compound rest
is set for. For example: To true up a lathe center which has an included angle
of 60/, the compound rest would be set at 30/ from parallel to the ways
If the taper is given in taper inches per foot, the angle for
the compound rest setting will have to be computed or taken from an
appropriate taper sizes and angles table.
OFF SETTING THE TAILSTOCK

The tailstock offset method is generally used to cut a taper when no taper attachment
is available. This involves moving the tailstock centre out-of-line with the headstock
centre. However, the amount that the tailstock may be offset is limited. This method
will not permit steep tapers to be turned or standard tapers to be turned on the end of
a long piece of work. Since the work will be essentially at an angle it will need to be
machined between centres. Thus, a chuck or collet can not be used to hold the
workpiece. Great care must be exercised in setting the tailstock back to centre when
the taper turning operation is completed.

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