19-0191; Rev 2; 12/02

TION KIT
EVALUA
AV A IL ABLE

-5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,

Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
General Description Features

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 inverting switching ♦ 85% Efficiency for 5mA to 1A Load Currents
regulators deliver high efficiency over three decades of
load current. A unique current-limited, pulse- ♦ Up to 5W Output Power
frequency modulated (PFM) control scheme provides ♦ 100µA (max) Supply Current
the benefits of pulse-width modulation (high efficiency
with heavy loads), while using less than 100µA of supply ♦ 5µA (max) Shutdown Current
current (vs. 2mA to 10mA for PWM converters). The result ♦ 3V to 16.5V Input Range
is high efficiency over a wide range of loads.
♦ -5V (MAX774), -12V (MAX775), -15V (MAX776),
These ICs also use tiny external components; their high
switching frequency (up to 300kHz) allows for less than or Adjustable Output Voltage
5mm diameter surface-mount magnetics. ♦ Current-Limited PFM Control Scheme
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 accept input voltages from ♦ 300kHz Switching Frequency
3V to 16.5V, and have preset output voltages of
-5V, -12V, and -15V, respectively. Or, the output voltage
can be user-adjusted with two resistors. Maximum
VIN - VOUT differential voltage is limited only by the break- Ordering Information
down voltage of the chosen external switch transistor. PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
These inverters use external P-channel MOSFET switches, MAX774CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
allowing them to power loads up to 5W. If less power is MAX774CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
required, use the MAX764/MAX765/MAX766 inverting
MAX774C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
switching regulators with on-board MOSFETs.
MAX774EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
Applications MAX774ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
LCD-Bias Generators MAX774MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP

High-Efficiency DC-to-DC Converters *Contact factory for dice specifications.

Battery-Powered Applications Ordering Information continued on last page.

Data Communicators

Typical Operating Circuit Pin Configuration

INPUT TOP VIEW

3V TO 16V

V+

MAX774 CS OUT 1 8 GND

ON/OFF SHDN
EXT P FB 2 7 EXT
OUTPUT MAX774
-5V MAX775
SHDN 3 6 CS
FB MAX776
REF 4 5 V+
REF
DIP/SO
OUT
GND

________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1

For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

Supply Voltages Operating Temperature Ranges:

V+ to OUT ...........................................................................21V MAX77_C_ _ .........................................................0°C to +70°C
V+ to GND ..............................................................-0.3V, +17V MAX77_E_ _ ......................................................-40°C to +85°C
OUT to GND ........................................................-0.3V, to -17V MAX77_MJA ...................................................-55°C to +125°C
REF, SHDN, FB, CS...................................-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V) Maximum Junction Temperatures:
EXT ...............................................(VOUT - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V) MAX77_C_ _/E_ _ ...........................................................+150°C
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) MAX77_MJA..................................................................+175°C
Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/°C above +70°C) .............727mW Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C) ..........................471mW Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C) ..................640mW

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 0mA, CREF = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
V+ Input Voltage Range V+ 3.0 16.5 V
V+ = 16.5V, SHDN ≤ 0.4V (operating) 100
Supply Current V+ = 10V, SHDN ≥ 1.6V (shutdown) 2 5 µA
V+ = 16.5V, SHDN ≥ 1.6V (shutdown) 4
FB Trip Point 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V -10 10 mV
MAX77_C ±50
FB Input Current IFB MAX77_E ±70 nA
MAX77_M ±90
MAX774 -4.80 -5 -5.20
Output Voltage VOUT MAX775 -11.52 -12 -12.48 V
MAX776 -14.40 -15 -15.60
MAX77_C 1.4700 1.5 1.5300
Reference Voltage VREF IREF = 0µA MAX77_E 1.4625 1.5 1.5375 V
MAX77_M 1.4550 1.5 1.5450
MAX77_C/E 4 10
REF Load Regulation 0µA ≤ IREF ≤ 100µA mV
MAX77_M 4 15
REF Line Regulation 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V 40 100 µV/V
MAX774, 4V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V, ILOAD = 0.5A 0.035
Output Voltage Line Regulation
(Circuit of Figure 2— MAX775, 4V ≤ V+ ≤ 8V, ILOAD = 0.2A 0.088 mV/V
Bootstrapped) MAX776, 4V ≤ V+ ≤ 6V, ILOAD = 0.1A 0.137
MAX774, 0A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A, V+ = 5V 1.5
Output Voltage Load Regulation
(Circuit of Figure 2— MAX775, 0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 500mA, V+ = 5V 1.5 mV/A
Bootstrapped) MAX776, 0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 400mA, V+ = 5V 1.0

2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
(V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 0mA, CREF = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Efficiency MAX774, V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 1A 82
(Circuit of Figure 2— MAX775, V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 500mA 88 %
Bootstrapped) MAX776, V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 400mA 87
SHDN Input Current V+ = 16.5V, SHDN = 0V or V+ ±1 µA
SHDN Input Voltage High VIH 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V 1.6 V
MAX77_C/E 0.4
SHDN Input Voltage Low VIL 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V V
MAX77_M 0.3
Current-Limit Trip Level MAX77_C/E 180 210 240
VCS 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V mV
(V+ – CS) MAX77_M 160 210 260
CS Input Current ±1 µA
Switch Maximum On-Time tON (max) V+ = 12V 12 16 20 µs
Switch Minimum Off-Time tOFF (max) V+ = 12V 1.8 2.3 2.8 µs
EXT Rise Time CEXT = 1nF, V+ = 12V 50 ns
EXT Fall Time CEXT = 1nF, V+ = 12V 50 ns

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

MAX774 MAX774
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT MAX774
VOUT = -5V (BOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -5V (NONBOOTSTRAPPED) EFFICIENCY vs. TEMPERATURE
90 90 90
MAX1774/5/6-01a

MAX774/5/6-2
MA774/5/6--1b
ILOAD = 100mA
VIN = 5V
VIN = 5V
80 80 80
VIN = 3V VIN = 4V ILOAD = 600mA
EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 15V ILOAD = 1A

70 70 VIN = 15V 70

60 60 60

VIN = 5V
BOOTSTRAPPED
50 50 50
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) TEMPERATURE (°C)

MAX776 MAX776 MAX775

EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
VOUT = -15V (BOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -15V (NONBOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -12V (BOOTSTRAPPED)
90 90 90
MA774/5/6-1c

MA774/5/6-1d

MA774/5/6--1e
VIN = 6V

VIN = 5V
80 VIN = 5V 80 80
VIN = 5V VIN = 4V VIN = 8V
EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 4V
VIN = 15V VIN = 6V
VIN = 3V VIN = 4V
70 70 70

60 60 60

50 50 50
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 MAX774

EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT = -24V (NONBOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -24V OUTPUT (ZENER CONNECTION) VOUT = -5V AT 100mA
90 90 88
MA774/5/6--1g
MA774/5/6--1f

MAX774/5/6-3

VIN = 6V
VIN = 6V VIN = 5V
86
VIN = 5V BOOTSTRAPPED
80 80
84
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 4V
VIN = 4V
82
70 70
80
NONBOOTSTRAPPED
78
60 60
76
VOUT = -5V AT 100mA
50 50 74
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

STARTUP VOLTAGE STARTUP VOLTAGE MAX774

vs. LOAD CURRENT (BOOTSTRAPPED) vs. LOAD CURRENT (NONBOOTSTRAPPED) MAXIMUM LOAD vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
5.0 5.0 2200
MA744/5/6-14

MAX774/5/6-16
MA744/5/6-15
VOUT = -5V
VOUT = -15V VOUT = -12V 2000
4.5 4.5
VOUT = -15V
START-UP VOLTAGE (V)

START-UP VOLTAGE (V)

1800

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

VOUT = -12V BOOTSTRAPPED
4.0 4.0 1600
VOUT = -24V

3.5 3.5 1400

VOUT = -5V
1200
3.0 3.0 NONBOOTSTRAPPED
VOUT = -5V
1000

2.5 2.5 800

1 10 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

EXT RISE AND FALL TIMES EXT RISE AND FALL TIMES
vs. TEMPERATURE vs. TEMPERATURE SWITCH ON-TIME vs. TEMPERATURE
130 500 17

MAX761-13
MAX774/5/6-9

MAX774/5/6-10

CEXT = 1nF CEXT = 5nF V+ = 5V

120 450
110
400
100 5V RISE
5V RISE
tRISE & tFALL (ns)

tRISE & tFALL (ns)

90 350
ton (µs)

80 300
5V FALL 16
70 250
60 5V FALL
12V RISE 200
50 12V RISE
150
40
12V FALL 100 12V FALL
30
20 50 15
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 0 60 120
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

SHUTDOWN CURRENT
SWITCH OFF-TIME vs. TEMPERATURE SWITCH ON-TIME/OFF-TIME RATIO vs. TEMPERATURE
2.5 8.0 4.0
MAX774/5/6-7
MAX774/5/6-6
MAX761-13

V+ = 5V V+ = 5V
7.8
3.5
7.6
3.0
tON/tOFF RATIO (µs/µs)

7.4
7.2 2.5
ICC (µA)
tOFF (µs)

V+ = 15V
2.0 7.0 2.0
6.8 1.5
6.6
1.0 V+ = 8V
6.4
6.2 0.5
V+ = 4V
1.5 6.0 0
-60 0 60 120 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT REFERENCE

vs. TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
80 1.506

MAX774/5/6-8

MAX774/5/6-12
V+ = 16.5V
78 1.504

REFERENCE OUTPUT (V)

76 1.502
V+ = 10V
ICC (µA)

74 1.500

72 1.498
V+ = 3V
70 1.496

68 1.494

66 1.492
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

REFERENCE
CS TRIP LEVEL OUTPUT RESISTANCE
235 250
MAX774/5/6-11

MAX774/5/6-13
230
REFERENCE OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω)

225 200
220
CS TRIP LEVEL (mV)

IREF = 10µA
215 150
210 IREF = 50µA

205 100
200
195 50
190 IREF = 100µA

185 0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

OPERATING WAVEFORMS INDUCTOR CURRENT NEAR FULL LOAD

A
1A/div

0A

10µs/div 20µs/div
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2
V+ = 6.5V, ILOAD = 1A, VOUT = -5V VOUT = -5V, V+ = 4.7V
A: OUTPUT RIPPLE, 200mV/div ILOAD = 1.05A (1A/div)
B: EXT WAVEFORM, 10V/div
C: INDUCTOR CURRENT, 2A/div

CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION
AT ONE-HALF CURRENT LIMIT ENTRY/EXIT FROM SHUTDOWN

1A/div B

0A

20µs/div 2ms/div
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2
ILOAD = 300mA, VOUT = -5V V+ = 6V, ILOAD = 1A, VOUT = -5V
V+ = 8V, L = 22µH A: SHUTDOWN PULSE, 0V TO V+, 5V/div
B: VOUT, 2V/div

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE

A A

100µs/div 2ms/div
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2
V+ = 6V, VOUT = -5V VOUT = -5V, ILOAD = 1A
A: ILOAD, 30mA TO 1A, 1A/div A: V+, 3V TO 8V, 5V/div
B: VOUT, 100mV/div, AC-COUPLED B: VOUT, 100mV/div, AC-COUPLED

______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION

The sense input for fixed-output operation (VFB = VREF). OUT is connected to the internal voltage divider,
1 OUT
and it is the negative supply input for the EXT driver.

Feedback input. When VFB = VREF, the output will be the factory preset value. For adjustable operation,
2 FB
use an external voltage divider, as described in the Adjustable Output section.

Active-high shutdown input. With SHDN high, the part is in shutdown mode and the supply current is less
3 SHDN
than 5µA. Connect to GND for normal operation.

4 REF 1.5V reference output that can source 100µA. Bypass to ground with 0.1µF.

5 V+ Positive power-supply input

6 CS Noninverting input to the current-sense comparator. Typical trip level is 210mV (relative to V+).

7 EXT The gate-drive output for an external P-channel power MOSFET. EXT swings from OUT to V+.

8 GND Ground

8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
V+ FB

MODE
COMPARATOR

REF
50mV MAX774
MAX775
SHDN MAX776
ERROR
COMPARATOR OUT

N
1.5V
REFERENCE

Q TRIG
ONE-SHOT FROM V+

EXT
S Q

TRIG Q FROM OUT

R CURRENT
ONE-SHOT COMPARATOR CS

0.1V
(HALF CURRENT)
CURRENT-
CONTROL CIRCUITS 0.2V
(FULL CURRENT) FROM
V+

GND

Figure 1. Functional Diagram

Detailed Description As with traditional PFM converters, the external

P-channel MOSFET power transistor is turned on when
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are negative-output,
the voltage comparator senses that the output is below
inverting power controllers that can be configured to drive
the reference voltage. However, unlike traditional PFM
an external P-channel MOSFET. The output voltages are
converters, switching is controlled by the combination
preset to -5V (MAX774), -12V (MAX775), or -15V
of a switch current limit (210mV/R SENSE ) and
(MAX776). Additionally, all three parts can be set to any
on-time/off-time limits set by one-shots. Once turned
desired output voltage using an external resistor divider.
on, the MOSFET stays on until the 16µs maximum on-
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 have a unique control time limit is reached or the switch current reaches its
scheme (Figure 1) that combines the advantage of limit (as set by the current-sense resistor).
pulse-skipping, pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM)
Once off, the switch is typically held off for a minimum of
converters (ultra-low supply current) with the advan-
2.3µs. It will stay off until the output drops below the level
tage of pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters (high
determined by VREF and the feedback divider network.
efficiency with heavy loads). This control scheme
allows the devices to achieve 85% efficiency with loads With light loads, the MOSFET switches on for one or
from 5mA to 1A. more cycles and then switches off, much like in tradi-
tional PFM converters. To increase light-load efficiency,

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

VIN VIN

1 OUT 5 1 5
V+ OUT V+
C1 C2 R1 R2 R3
150µF 0.1µF 0.07Ω 3 0.07Ω
MAX774 SHDN MAX774
3
SHDN MAX775 CS 6 Q1 MAX775 CS 6 Q1
C1 C2 2
MAX776 FB MAX776 Si9435
2 7 Si9435 150µF 0.1µF 7
FB EXT P R1 EXT P
VOUT
VOUT
4 4
REF REF
GND 1N5822/ GND 1N5822/
L1 C4* L1
C3 8 MBR340 C3 8 MBR340
22µH 22µH
0.1µF 0.1µF
C4*

* MAX774 = 330µF, 10V * MAX774 = 330µF, 10V

MAX775, MAX776 = 120µF, 20V MAX775, MAX776 = 120µF, 20V

PRODUCT
OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT Figure 4. Nonbootstrapped Operation (VIN > 4.5V)
VOLTAGE (V) VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (A)
MAX774 -5 3 to 15 1
MAX775 -12 3 to 8 0.5
for the next pulse will equal the full current limit.
MAX776 -15 3 to 5 0.4 With heavy loads, the MOSFET first switches twice at
one-half the peak current value. Subsequently, it stays
NOTE: Si9435 HAS VGS OF 20V MAX on until the switch current reaches the full current limit,
and then turns off. After it is off for 2.3µs, the MOSFET
Figure 2. Bootstrapped Connection Using Fixed Output switches on once more, and remains on until the switch
Voltages current again reaches its limit. This cycle repeats until
the output is in regulation.
A benefit of this control scheme is that it is highly effi-
VIN cient over a wide range of input/output ratios and load
currents. Additionally, PFM converters do not operate
1 OUT V+ 5 with constant-frequency switching, and have relaxed
R2 R3 stability criterion (unlike PWM converters). As a result,
3 SHDN MAX774 0.07Ω
their external components require smaller values.
C1 C2 MAX775 CS 6
150µF 0.1µF Q1 With PFM converters, the output voltage ripple is not
2
FB MAX776 Si9435
EXT
7
P
concentrated at the oscillator frequency (as it is with
R1 VOUT PWM converters). For applications where the ripple fre-
4
REF quency is important, the PWM control scheme must be
GND 1N5822/
C3 8
L1 MBR340 used. However, for many other applications, the smaller
22µH capacitors and lower supply current of the PFM control
0.1µF C4*
scheme make it the better choice. The output voltage
ripple with the MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 can be held
* MAX774 = 330µF, 10V quite low. For example, using the circuit of Figure 2,
MAX775, MAX776 = 120µF, 20V
only 100mV of output ripple is produced when generat-
Figure 3. Bootstrapped Connection Using External Feedback ing a -5V at 1A output from a +5V input.
Resistors
Bootstrapped vs.
Nonbootstrapped Operation
the current limit for the first two pulses is set to one-half Figures 2 and 3 are the standard application circuits
the peak current limit. If those pulses bring the output for bootstrapped mode, and Figure 4 is the circuit for
voltage into regulation, the voltage comparator keeps nonbootstrapped mode. Since EXT is powered by OUT,
the MOSFET off, and the current limit remains at one-half using bootstrapped or nonbootstrapped mode will
the peak current limit. If the output voltage is out of directly affect the gate drive to the FET. EXT swings
regulation after two consecutive pulses, the current limit from V+ to VOUT. In bootstrapped operation, OUT is

10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
EXT Drive Voltages

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
0.1µF VOUT
EXT swings from OUT to V+ and provides the drive out-
put for an external power MOSFET. When using the on-
RZ
chip feedback resistors for the preset output voltages,
the voltage at OUT equals the output voltage. When
1
OUT GND
8 using external feedback resistors, OUT may be tied to
R2
GND or some other potential between VOUT and GND.
Always observe the V+ to OUT absolute maximum rat-
MAX774 ing of 21V. For V+ to output differentials greater than
2 MAX775
FB 21V, OUT must be tied to a potential more positive than
R1 MAX776
the output and, therefore, the output voltage must be
4
REF set with an external resistor divider.
0.1µF In nonbootstrapped operation with low input voltages
(<4V), tie OUT to a negative voltage to fully enhance the
6V ≤ VZ + VIN ≤ 10V external MOSFET. Accomplish this by creating an inter-
VOUT – VZ mediate voltage for VOUT with a zener diode (Figure 5).
> IZ
RZ
IZ = ZENER BREAKDOWN CURRENT __________________Design Procedure
VZ = ZENER BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
VIN = INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE Setting the Output Voltage
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are preset for -5V, -12V,
Figure 5. Connection Using Zener Diode to Boost Base Drive and -15V output voltages, respectively; however, they
may also be adjusted to other values with an external
voltage divider. For the preset output voltage, connect
connected to the output voltage (-5V, -12V, -15V). In FB to REF and connect OUT to the output (Figure 3). In
nonbootstrapped operation, OUT is connected to this case, the output voltage is sensed by OUT.
ground, and EXT now swings from V+ to ground.
For an adjustable output (Figures 3 and 4), connect an
At high input-to-output differentials, it may be neces- external resistor divider from the output voltage to FB,
sary to use nonbootstrapped mode to avoid the 21V V+ and from FB to REF. In this case, the divided-down out-
to VOUT maximum rating. Also, observe the VGS maxi- put voltage is sensed via the FB pin.
mum rating of the external transistor. At intermediate
voltages and currents, the advantages of bootstrapped There are three reasons to use the external resistor divider:
vs. nonbootstrapped operation are slight. When input 1) An output voltage other than a preset value is
voltages are less than about 4V, always use the boot- desired.
strapped circuit. 2) The input-to-output differential exceeds 21V.
3) The output voltage (VOUT to GND) exceeds -15V.
Shutdown and Quiescent Current
See Figures 3 and 4 for adjustable operation. The
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are designed to save
impedance of the feedback network should be low
power in battery-powered applications. A TTL/CMOS
enough that the input bias current of FB is not a factor.
logic-level shutdown input (SHDN) has been provided
For best efficiency and precision, allow 10µA to flow
for the lowest-power applications. When shut down
through the network. Calculate (V REF - V FB ) / R1 =
(SHDN = V+), most internal bias current sources and
10µA. Since VREF = 1.5V and VFB = 0V, R1 becomes
the reference are turned off so that less than 5µA of
150kΩ. Then calculate R2 as follows:
current is drawn.
R2 _______
___ VOUT
In normal operation, the quiescent current will be less =
than 100µA. However, this current is measured by forc- R1 VREF
ing the external switch transistor off. Even with no load, (or, ______
VOUT = 10µA)
in an actual application, additional current will be
drawn to supply the feedback resistors’ and the diode’s R2
and capacitor’s leakage current. Under no-load condi- Choosing an Inductor
tions, you should see a short current pulse at half the Practical inductor values range from 10µH to 50µH.
peak current approximately every 100ms (the exact The maximum inductor value is not particularly critical.
period depends on actual circuit leakages). For highest current at high VOUT  to V+ ratios, the

______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

2500 1000

MAX775-FIG07
MAX775-fig6
RSENSE = 0.05Ω VOUT = -12V
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

RSENSE = 0.06Ω

MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

2000 800 RSENSE = 0.05Ω
RSENSE = 0.06Ω
RSENSE = 0.07Ω
1500 600

1000 400
RSENSE = 0.07Ω
RSENSE = 0.08Ω
500 200 RSENSE = 0.08Ω
RSENSE = 0.09Ω RSENSE = 0.09Ω
VOUT = -5V
0 0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Figure 6. MAX774 Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 7. MAX775 Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage
(VOUT = -5V) (VOUT = -12V)

inductor should not be so large that the peak current are recommended. Make sure that the inductor’s satura-
never reaches the current limit. That is: tion current rating is greater than ILIM(max).
[V+(min) - VSW(max)] x 12µs
L(max) ≤ _______________________________ Diode Selection
ILIM(max) The ICs’ high switching frequencies demand a high-
This is only important if speed rectifier. Schottky diodes such as the 1N5817 to
1N5822 families are recommended. Choose a diode
t OFF(min) VIN 1 with an average current rating approximately equal to
_______ < —
= ___________
or greater than ILIM (max) and a voltage rating higher
VOUT 6 t ON(max)
than VIN(max) + VOUT. For high-temperature applica-
More important is that the inductor not be so small that
tions, Schottky diodes may be inadequate due to their
the current rises much faster than the current-limit
high leakage currents; instead, high-speed silicon
comparator can respond. This would be wasteful and
diodes may be used. At heavy loads and high tempera-
reduce efficiency. Calculate the minimum inductor value
ture, the benefits of a Schottky diode’s low forward volt-
as follows:
age may outweigh the disadvantages of its high leak-
[V+(max) - VSW(min)] x 0.3µs age current.
L(min) ≥ _______________________________
δ(I) x ILIM(min) Current-Sense Resistor
Where L is in µH, 0.3µs is an ample time for the com- The current-sense resistor limits the peak switch cur-
parator response, I LIM is the current limit (see the rent to 210mV/RSENSE, where RSENSE is the value of
Current-Sense Resistor section), and δ(I) is the allow- the current-sense resistor, and 210mV is the current-
able percentage of overshoot. As an example, Figure sense comparator threshold (see Current-Limit Trip
2's circuit uses a 3A peak current. If we allow a 15% Level in the Electrical Characteristics).
overshoot and 15V is the maximum input voltage, then To maximize efficiency and reduce the size and cost of
L(min) is 16µH. The actual value of L above this limit external components, minimize the peak current.
has minimal effect on this circuit's operation. However, since the output current is a function of the
For highest efficiency, use a coil with low DC resistance. peak current, do not set the limit too low. See Figures
Coils with 30mΩ or lower resistance are available. To min- 6–9 to determine the sense resistor, as well as the peak
imize radiated noise, use a torroid, pot-core, or shielded- current, for the required load current.
bobbin inductor. Inductors with a ferrite core or equivalent

12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
700 800

MAX776-FIG08

MAX776-FIG09
VOUT = -15V VOUT = -24V
RSENSE = 0.05Ω
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

600 RSENSE = 0.05Ω
RSENSE = 0.06Ω
600 RSENSE = 0.06Ω
RSENSE = 0.07Ω
500 RSENSE = 0.07Ω

400 400

300
200
200 RSENSE = 0.08Ω RSENSE = 0.08Ω
RSENSE = 0.09Ω RSENSE = 0.09Ω
100 0
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Figure 8. MAX776 Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 9. MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 Maximum Output Current
(VOUT = -15V) vs. Input Voltage (VOUT = -24V)

To choose the proper current-sense resistor, simply fol- resistors. To use through-hole resistors, IRC has a wire
low the two-step procedure outlined below: resistor that is simply a band of metal shaped as a “U”
1) Determine: so that inductance is less than 10nH (an order of mag-
• Input voltage range, V+ nitude less than metal-film resistors). These are avail-
• Maximum (absolute) output voltage, VOUT able in resistance values between 5mΩ and 0.1Ω.
• Maximum output current, ILOAD External Switching Transistor
For example, let V+ range from 4V to 6V, and The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are capable of driving
choose VOUT = -24V and IOUT = 150mA. P-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET transistors only.
2) Next, referring to Figure 9, find the curve with the The choice of power transistor is dictated by input and
lowest current limit whose output current (with the output voltage, peak current rating, on-resistance, gate-
lowest input voltage) meets your requirements. source threshold, and gate capacitance. The drain-to-
source rating must be greater than the V+ - V OUT
In our example, a curve where IOUT is >150mA with a input-to-output voltage differential. The gate-to-source
4V input and a -24V output is optimal. rating must be greater than V+ (the source voltage) plus
The RSENSE = 80mΩ (Figure 9) shows only approxi- the absolute value of the most negative swing of EXT.
mately 125mA of output current with a 4V input, so we For bootstrapped operation, the most negative swing of
look next at the RSENSE = 70mΩ line. It shows IOUT EXT is VOUT. In nonbootstrapped operation, this may be
>150mA for V+ = 4V and VOUT = -24V. The current limit ground or some other negative voltage. Gate capaci-
will be 0.210V / 0.070Ω = 3A. These curves take into tance is not normally a limiting factor, but values should
account worst-case inductor (±10%) and current- be less than 1nF for best efficiency. For maximum effi-
sense trip levels, but not sense-resistor tolerance. The ciency, the MOSFET should have a very-low on-resis-
switch on resistance is 70mΩ. tance at the peak current and be capable of handling
Standard wire-wound and metal-film resistors have that current. The transistor chosen for the typical operat-
an inductance high enough to degrade performance. ing circuit has a 30V drain-source voltage limit and a
Metal-film resistors are usually deposited on a ceramic 0.07Ω drain-source on-resistance at VGS = -10V.
rod in a spiral, making their inductances relatively high. Table 1 lists suppliers of switching transistors suitable
Surface-mount (or chip) resistors have very little induc- for use with the MAX774/MAX775/MAX776.
tance and are well suited for use as current-sense

______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
output ripple when generating -5V at 1A from a 5V
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

Table 1. Component Suppliers

input. Smaller capacitors are acceptable for lighter
SUPPLIER PHONE FAX loads or in applications that can tolerate higher output
INDUCTORS ripple.
Coiltronics (407) 241-7876 (407) 241-9339 The value of C4 is chosen such that it acquires as
Gowanda (716) 532-2234 (716) 532-2702 small a charge as possible during the switch on-time.
Sumida Japan 81-3-3607-5111 81-3-3607-5144 The amount of ripple as a function of capacitance is
give by:
Sumida USA (708) 956-0666 (708) 956-0702
VOUT x IOUT x ESR IOUT x tOFF(min)
CAPACITORS ∆VP-P = _____________________ + _________________
VIN C
Kemet (803) 963-6300 (803) 963-6322
Matsuo (714) 969-2491 (714) 960-6492 When evaluating this equation, be sure to use the
Nichicon (708) 843-7500 (708) 843-2798 capacitance value at the switching frequency. At
200kHz, the 330µF tantalum capacitor of Figures 2, 3,
Sanyo Japan 81-7-2070-6306 81-7-2070-1174
or 4 may degrade by a factor of ten, which will signifi-
Sanyo USA (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-1055 cantly alter the ripple voltage calculation.
Sprague (603) 224-1961 (603) 224-1430
The ESR of both the bypass and filter capacitors also
United Chemi-Con (714) 255-9500 (714) 255-9400 affects efficiency. Best performance is obtained by
DIODES doubling up on the filter capacitors or using low-ESR
Motorola (800) 521-6274 (602) 952-4190 capacitors. Capacitors must have a ripple current rat-
Nihon USA 81-3-3494-7411 81-3-3494-7414
ing equal to the peak current.
Nihon Japan (805) 867-2555 (805) 867-2556 The smallest low-ESR SMT capacitors currently avail-
able are the Sprague 595D series. Sanyo OS-CON
POWER MOSFETS
organic semiconductor through-hole capacitors also
Harris (407) 724-3729 (407) 724-3937 exhibit low ESR and are especially effective at low tem-
International Rectifier (310) 322-3331 (310) 322-3332 peratures. Table 1 lists the phone numbers of these
Siliconix (408) 988-8000 (408) 970-3950 and other manufacturers.
CURRENT-SENSE RESISTORS PC Layout and Grounding
IRC (704) 264-8861 (704) 264-8866 Due to high current levels and fast switching wave-
forms, proper PC board layout is essential. Use a star
ground configuration; connect the ground lead of the
Capacitors
input bypass capacitor, the output capacitor, the induc-
Choose the output capacitor (C4 of Figures 2, 3, and 4)
tor, and the GND pin of the MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
to be consistent with size, ripple, and output voltage
at a common point very close to the device. Addi-
requirements. Place capacitors in parallel if the size
tionally, input capacitor C2 (Figures 3 and 4) should be
desired is unobtainable. This will not only increase the
placed extremely close to the device.
capacitance, but also decrease the capacitor’s ESR (a
major contributor of ripple). A 330µF tantalum output filter If an external resistor divider is used (Figures 3 and 4),
capacitor with 0.07Ω ESR typically maintains 120mVP-P the trace from FB to the resistors must be extremely short.

14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
Ordering Information (continued) Chip Topography

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE OUT GND
MAX775CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
MAX775CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
MAX775C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX775EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
EXT
MAX775ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX775MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP FB
MAX776CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP .109"
MAX776CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO (2.769mm)
MAX776C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX776EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP CS
MAX776ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO SHDN

MAX776MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP

*Contact factory for dice specifications.
REF V+

0.080
(2.032mm)

TRANSISTOR COUNT: 442;

SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO V+.

Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)

INCHES MILLIMETERS
DIM
MIN MAX MIN MAX
A 0.053 0.069 1.35 1.75
A1 0.004 0.010 0.10 0.25
B 0.014 0.019 0.35 0.49
C 0.007 0.010 0.19 0.25
D 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00
E H E 0.150 0.157 3.80 4.00
e 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC
H 0.228 0.244 5.80 6.20
h 0.010 0.020 0.25 0.50
L 0.016 0.050 0.40 1.27
α 0˚ 8˚ 0˚ 8˚
21-325A

D h x 45˚
α
A
0.127mm 8-PIN PLASTIC
0.004in.
e
A1
SMALL-OUTLINE
C L PACKAGE
B

______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ Inverting DC-to-DC Controllers
Package Information (continued)
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)

INCHES MILLIMETERS
D1 DIM
MIN MAX MIN MAX
A – 0.200 – 5.08
A1 0.015 – 0.38 –
A2 0.125 0.175 3.18 4.45
A3 0.055 0.080 1.40 2.03
B 0.016 0.022 0.41 0.56
B1 0.050 0.065 1.27 1.65
C 0.008 0.012 0.20 0.30
D 0.348 0.390 8.84 9.91
E
D1 0.005 0.035 0.13 0.89
E1 E 0.300 0.325 7.62 8.26
D
E1 0.240 0.280 6.10 7.11
A3 e 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
A2 eA 0.300 BSC 7.62 BSC
A eB – 0.400 – 10.16
L 0.115 0.150 2.92 3.81
α 0˚ 15˚ 0˚ 15˚
21-324A
L A1 α
8-PIN PLASTIC
C DUAL-IN-LINE
e
B1 eA
B
PACKAGE
eB

INCHES MILLIMETERS
DIM
MIN MAX MIN MAX
A – 0.200 – 5.08
S1 S
B 0.014 0.023 0.36 0.58
B1 0.038 0.065 0.97 1.65
B2 0.023 0.045 0.58 1.14
C 0.008 0.015 0.20 0.38
D – 0.405 – 10.29
E 0.220 0.310 5.59 7.87
E1 0.290 0.320 7.37 8.13
E1 e 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
D
L 0.125 0.200 3.18 5.08
E L1 0.150 – 3.81 –
A B2
Q 0.015 0.060 0.38 1.52
S – 0.055 – 1.40
S1 0.005 – 0.13 –
α 0˚ 15˚ 0˚ 15˚
21-326D
Q α

L L1
e C 8-PIN CERAMIC
B1 DUAL-IN-LINE
B
PACKAGE

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

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