Modification Guide for the

Behringer Model D Synthesizer

(Version 4)

By Maffez

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 Contents:

Labelled PCB backside 04

Oscillator section

01. Direct wave outs 05

02. Pulse width modulation 06

03. Oscillator hard synchronization 07

04. More noise types 09

CV Signals and Envelopes

05. 1V/Octave pitch CV output 09

06. 1v/oct pitch CV per VCO (paraphony mod) 10

07. Joint envelope gate inputs 11

08. Filter contour decay click removal (sort of) 11

VCF, VCA

09. Filter resonance calibration 12

10. Filter poles modification (6db, 12db, 18db, 24db) 12

11. VCA direct input (post filter) 14

12. Post-filter overdrive 14

Eurorack Extension Suggestion

13. “Model M” 15

Links to audio examples 16

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These are instructions to modify the Behringer Model D for more varied synthesis
options and uses. Apart from the CPU and the s-trigger change to gate, the
Behringer Model D is pretty much an exact copy of the original Minimoog (old
Oscillator board revision). Both synths offer more “under the hood” as available
on the panel, as can be seen in a number of classical modifications done to the
Minis.

My aim was to do as much as possible without being as invasive as cutting traces

or taking out components. Hence, here you will (almost) only find such mods.
What helped was an early schematic of the Behringer (component numbers are
different on the final pcb!) and pages dedicated to the classic mini, such as
synthfool and others, providing schematics and existing mods).

I have tested all of these mods extensively enough, but it should be clear that I
am an individual with a soldering iron and so are you.  I am neither associated
with Behringer nor Moog, and this is just some fun project for me, publicized in
the hope that others will have some fun with this too.

As for visual illustration I partly resorted to a high res picture of an early version
of the Behringer Model D (trimmers for adjusting pitch cv etc. are different on
that one), but where it matters, you will see pictures of the actual production run
PCB). Sometimes (for instance on the complete PCB picture on the cover page)
you see spots marked FM or Detune which are crossed out and stem from an
earlier phase. The pitch per VCO mod listed as 09 is much easier and safer.

A thread documenting this project with many useful contributions by Gearslutz

members can be found here: https://www.gearslutz.com/board/modular-mania-
all-things-eurorack-and-modular-synths-effects/1218816-behringer-model-d-diy-
mods.html.

If you really like the mods described here consider going voting regularly in the
future and/or helping a charity that helps refugees (or helping refugees directly,
because every person is a person, you know).

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Labelled PCB backside

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01. Direct waveform outs

As can be seen on the labeled PCB picture, you can tap each individual waveform
of each VCO. Simply solder a wire to the respective pins on the back of the
switching pot and wire ring to ground. This way you can mix different wave
shapes per VCO to your liking, using an external mixer, before feeding the sum
back into the synth through external in. You can also output the selected
waveform of each VCO (pre/post level pot), which saves you jacks.

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02. Pulse width modulation (PWM)

Besides a straight square wave, the Model D has two different pulse waves on
offer. As you can see on the schematic pic (Behringer Rev0 below) the width of
these pulses is regulated by feeding the circuit different currents. The wave
select pot here has a double function: one part of it connects to the different
waveform outputs, and the other part switches between different resistors, i.e.
currents.

As is obvious, the classic Mini and its faithful reproductions do not offer PWM but
three fixed iterations of a pulse wave (square and two narrower ones). Other
versions, such as guinguin’s, for instance, let you modulate pulse-width.

Since dialing in PW manually would have required cutting traces or similar, I

opted for a PWM CV input that works in addition to the internal CV, which you
can use with static DC voltage or, for livelier effects, with a VCO/ LFO or
envelope. For doing so, just feed a CV signal to the pin labeled PWM. Best put a
diode in between to protect reverse voltage and maybe even also an attenuator
to regulate the intensity of the effect. This also plays very nicely with the internal
LFO/envelopes, so you could just use a pot or simple switch for that. When
square is selected, the input CV has no effect, while it is most audible, when the
last waveform (narrowest pulse) is selected.

For using this with Eurorack VCOs (Dixies in my case), I found a 2k resistor in
between was enough to stop the signal from cancelling out periodically (as
happens with PWM), should this effect not be desired.

On youtube you find more sophisticated PWM mods for the Boog, but this one
works nicely for lazy folks like me.

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03. Oscillator hard synchronization

One not so common but relatively easy modification of the original Moog Model D
is to introduce oscillator hard sync. For the early versions of the Minimoog
Oscillator section (“old Osc board”), this mod takes a switch, two diodes and two
3,3k resistors. Guess on which version the Behringer D is modeled…?

Synthfool original sync

modification for
old Model D osc board

VCO 1-3 of the old OSC board Moog Model D (scanned by

fantasyjackpalace.com)

Since the only schematic of the Behringer Model D available online does not
match the final PCB, I located the SMT equivalents of the old Model D osc board
(see next page). For the sake of convenience I labeled all transistors in
accordance with the Moog schematic and coloured the pins of the individual
transistors relevant for all sync variations (i.e. not all colourized transistor pins
are needed for syncing, say VCO 2 to VCO1). The SMT transistor legs in question
are as followed. Single leg on top = collector, bottom left leg = base, bottom
right leg = emitter. Although the SMT parts are small, with a fine tip and some
patience you can easily connect some wire. It helps to apply a small amount of
solder to the transistor leg first.

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Syncing VCO 2 and 3 to VCO 1

I f VCO 2 and 3 are to sync to VCO 1,

do as instructed in the synthfool mod,
i.e. base q21/34 to diode, to switch,
to 3,3k resistor, to collector of q3.
Use two on/off switches or one
three pole centre off switch.

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04. More noise types

The noise generator of the Model D delivers three types of noise (white, pink,
red), although only white and pink noise are available through the noise selector
switch. Simply connect the points labeled for outputting all three types. The cap
legs marked “also noise” also give you noise 

also noise

05. 1V/Octave pitch CV output

A strange omission on the Behringer Model D sockets is a pitch 1v/octave out.

You can tap this from the 1v/oct test point to gain stable pitch cv output,
rendering the Model D a midi to cv converter (no gate out but two envelopes).
Alternatively, use this to control LFO speed for key tracked modulation.

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06. 1V/octave CV input per VCO (paraphony mod)

Using old Moog schematics and the Behringer PCB, I identified the most
convenient spots for feeding in individual 1V/Oct CV per VCO. Took me a while,
but now it’s done, tested and working well. Chords, FM (and even hard sync
craziness, see next mod) are now easily doable.  Of course you need an
interface/synth that sends three independent V/Oct CVs in addition to gate.

For CV In, I used the first pins of each OSC Range Trimmer (the blue ones on the
back of the PCB) since it’s really the easiest spot easy to solder wires. Should
you want several 1v/oct inputs for envelope ins/ exponential FM etc., just add
more jacks and 52k1 resistors. The signals will be passively summed.

These CV ins work in addition to all other internal pitch related CVs, so mod bus,
octave select and detune for VCO 2 and 3 of the Behringer Model D are all still
fully functional (if you use them, unplug the normal v/oct in and vice versa).

Pitch CV summing stage in Behringer Model D schematics/ PCB

I myself use this in conjunction with an MFB Dominion 1 Synthesizer, which

outputs three individual volt per octave signals. As great the Dominion is in this
regard, I need to set all three octave selectors on the Behringer Model D to
“LOW) for them to be at a playable height. This might be a different matter for
other CV converters, say the Expert Sleepers stuff, and, at any rate, pitch
tracking is stable and accurate with this mod.

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07. FC GATE and LC GATE connections

Gate out: In contrast to pitch CV out, gate out would need conversion, since the
Model D works with s-trigger. Easiest option is to abuse the amp envelope out
(sustain full, the rest zero) as gate.

Gate in: Some users wish for saving a multiple when triggering the D’s filter and
amp envelopes. You can easily normal the two tip in sockets internally by
bridging the respective solder pins of the FC GATE and LC GATE in. The mod
show on the right is even nicer: the input sockets are switched and by soldering
them the way shown, you trigger both envelopes by plugging in gate into the LC
GATE, but as soon as you plug another signal into FC GATE, this internal
connection is broken and you can trigger the envelopes independently.

08. Filter Contour Decay click Modification (sort of…)

Autoy on GS was reporting filter decay envelope click when decay is fully closed. You can
hear this when dialing attack, decay and sustain to zero. This seems to be a “feature” not
present in the original Minimoog. Since the envelopes in the Boog are exact replicas of
the original, this click is possibly related to improper grounding/ a capacitor receiving
small amounts of currents where it shouldn’t. A quick fix of this is to ground the pin
indicated in pic below. NB: this drains the cap and you lose the sustain stage! If you
want to retain both options, then best use a switch. Maybe in the future someone will
find something cleverer! Also: Channelizer on gearslutz reports of a release stage mod.

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09. Filter resonance calibration

Some users reported their unit begins screaming way to early when emphasis is
turned up. You can calibrate this with one of the black trimmer boxes on the
front side – it’s labeled “regen calibration”. Something nice and halfway near the
original is self-oscillation between 8-9.

10. Tapping other filter poles for 6db, 12db or 18db filter

Like with the hardsync mod you need a little bit of patience and a steady hand.
Yet, this is absolutely doable.

After the core of the ladder filter (the array that looks pretty much like a spine),
is a little amp section that brings the signal up to the right level before it enters
the VCA proper. The entry point of this section is two yellow box type caps
(labeled c18 and c25 in the schematics). You need to lift out two legs of those
yellow caps for breaking the internal signal flow and then tap two signals
respectively at the silver caps of the ladder spine shown in the pic below.

Mind the right alignment of tapping point and point of feeding the signal back
into the circuit - if wrong, you won't blow up your boog but the sound will be all
wrong/distorted until the wiring is right. What you see in the following picture is

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a semi-permanent mod for testing purposes. I took the yellow caps out, put
them back on the backside of the PCB with one leg out, and soldered the tapped
wires to the free legs.

For more flexibility and beauty I’d suggest a switch (double pole, coz you need to
switch two signals simultaneously). You can even easily adapt this and have all
four individual filter pole outputs simultaneously on a board (with an inverter and
mixer you could thus create band pass filter types etc.). In this case you'd need
to build a little op-amp circuit like described at this super page
here: www.haraldswerk.de Voltage controlled current source. This guy also has a
very interesting booster circuit that compensates for level loss at high resonance.

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11. VCA direct in

Just above the 440hz test tone switch is where the VCF output meets the VCA. In
the schematics this is a 82k resistor followed by a 330n capacitor (the yellow box
in the picture below). Since the resistor on the PCB is SMD and the cap not, it’s
easier to use the left leg of the cap as an input point or as an insert between VCF
and VCA. You can use this, for instance, for inserting a different (external) filter,
by sending VCO signals out through the mix out on the panel and feeding the
output of the external filter used trough a 82k resistor into that capacitor. Lower
resistor values will increase volume/ distortion, so post-filter drive is also
possible. Cleanest way to do this is using a switched jack that keeps the internal
VCF-VCA connection until you plug something in. What also works is closing the
cutoff frequency of the internal filter and feeding signals into the VCA. Thanks to
AndyHornBlower on GS for his collaboration on this 

12. Post-Filter Overdrive

Here's a post-filter overdrive mod if you find this synth not industrial or squelchy
sounding enough: Put a switch or a pot (500k or greater, so the effect will be properly off
when set to zero) and a capacitor of your liking between the two pins indicated below -
those pins are the capacitor of the emphasis part of the Behringer Model D ladder filter
and the capacitor at the beginning of the VCA section. You can do this without a
capacitor, but using one gives you interesting tonal results, from rectifier type distortion
(ceramic caps) to a fuller sounds (film caps). I tried the following:

1. 1uf 100v film box type

2. 0.047uf 100v film box type

3. 2.2uf 25 tantal

4. 0.1uf 50v ceramic

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The larger film and the tantal sounded almost the same and greatest difference was
between the larger film and the ceramic, both of which I implemented in my personal
mod. A switch works fine, but a potentiometer would allow for more subtle effects.

13. “Model M” Extension

Might be putting this one up on Modulargrid because it’s fun and there’s a slightly
narcissistic pun involved (the “M” because “maffez” wooohooo).

For Eurorack users, it is very simple to add modifications to the Model D without
needing to drill holes into the case or panel of the synth itself (although there are
very brave people out there who have done this and/or are even working on
impressive custom cases).

Just use the panel of a multiple, such as that by Dreadbox (gives you nine I/Os),
and wire jacks and switches to your liking. In my version I have the paraphonic
mod on the first three, PWM mods on the next three, and sync switches and VCA
in on the final three holes of the PBC. But, you know, the sky is the limit …

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Audio examples

https://soundcloud.com/uibkmedan/sets/behringer-model-d-filter-pole

https://soundcloud.com/uibkmedan/sets/boogdrive

https://soundcloud.com/uibkmedan/sets/behringer-model-d-decay-env-fix-ab

https://soundcloud.com/uibkmedan/paraboog-fm

https://soundcloud.com/uibkmedan/paraboog

https://soundcloud.com/uibkmedan/sets/behringer-model-d-extension-model-m

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