System Configuration

Common system configuration tasks have changed in Oracle Solaris 11 with the
Service Management Facility (SMF) configuration repository being used to store
configuration data. With the addition of configuration layers, administrators now have better
control and assurance that their configuration changes will be preserved across system
updates.

Configuring nodename:

# svccfg –s svc:/system/identity:node setprop  config/nodename = “myhost”

# svcadm refresh svc:/system/identity:node
# svcadm restart svc:/system/identity:node
 
Configuring console keyboard layout:

# svccfg –s keymap:default setprop keymap/layout = UK-English

# svcadm refresh keymap
# svcadm restart keymap
 

Configuring system locale:

# svccfg –s timezone:default setprop timezone/localtime = astring: US/Mountain

# svcadm refresh timezone:default
Unconfigure a system and start an interactive configuration tool on reboot:

# sysconfig configure -s
Create a system configuration profile:

# sysconfig create-profile -o sc-profile.xml

Configure a system according to a system configuration profile:

# sysconfig configure -c sc-profile.xml

Users and Groups

The traditional root account has been changed to a ‘root’ role on all Oracle Solaris
11 installations as part of the Role Based Access Control (RBAC) feature set. This
change gives improved auditability across the operating system, and the ability for
administrators to delegate various system tasks to others in a safe way.
Revert to root as normal user account:

# rolemod –K type=normal root

Configure root as a role (default):

# usermod –K type=role root

Add a new user and delegate him the System Adminstrator profile:

# useradd -d /export/home/joerg -P “System Administrator” joerg

Boot Environments
Boot Environments are individual bootable instances of the operating system that
take advantage of the Oracle Solaris ZFS filesystem snapshot and clone capability. During
a system update, new boot environments are created so that system software updates can be
applied in a safe environment. Should anything go awry, administrators can boot back into
an older boot environment. Boot environments have low overhead and can be quickly
created giving administrators an ideal best practice for any system
maintenance work.

Create a boot environment:

# beadm create solaris-05032012

Activate a boot environment:

# beadm activate solaris-05032012

Delete a boot environment:

# beadm destroy solaris-05032012

Show boot environments from SPARC boot PROM:

ok boot -L
Boot into a boot environment from SPARC boot PROM:

ok boot -Z rpool/ROOT/solaris-05032012

Software installation and Packaging

Oracle Solaris 11 includes IPS, a new network-centric package management framework with
automatic dependency checking. IPS has integrated package and patching, and
can seamlessly manage system updates to Oracle Solaris Zones environments.
Install a package called diagnostic/wireshark:

# pkg install diagnostic/wireshark

Install a group package to provide a desktop environment:

# pkg install solaris-desktop

Update all possible packages to the newest version, including any zones:

# pkg update
Do a dry run of a system update to understand what packages may change:

# pkg update -nv

Uninstall a package called diagnostic/wireshark:

# pkg uninstall wireshark

List all packages installed on a system:

# pkg list
Get more information about an installed package called diagnostic/wireshark:

# pkg info wireshark

List the contents of an installed package called diagnostic/wireshark:

# pkg contents wireshark

Search all packages in the configured repositories for a file called math.h:

# pkg search math.h

Search for all packages installed on a system that have a dependency on library/libxml2:

# pkg search -l -o pkg.name ‘depend::library/libxml2’

List currently associated package publishers:

# pkg publisher
Connect to the Oracle support repository and update the system:

# pkg set-publisher -g https://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/support  -G

http://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/release -k /path/to/ssl_key  -c /path/to/ssl_cert solaris
# pkg update

File systems – Basic ZFS Administration

Oracle Solaris ZFS is the default root file system on Oracle Solaris 11. ZFS has
integrated volume management, preserves the highest levels of data integrity and includes a
wide variety of data services such as data deduplication, RAID and data encryption.

Create a ZFS pool with a single disk:

# zpool create testpool c3t2d0

Create a ZFS pool with 3 disks in RAID0 configuration:

# zpool create testpool c3t2d0 c3t3d0 c3t4d0

 

Create a ZFS pool with 3 disks in RAID1 configuration:

# zpool create testpool mirror c3t2d0 c3t3d0 c3t4d0

Create a ZFS pool with 3 disks in a RAIDZ configuration (single parity):

# zpool create testpool raidz c2t2d0 c3t3d0 c3t4d0

Create a ZFS pool with 1 disk and 1 disk as seperate ZIL (ZFS Intent Log):

# zpool create testpool c3t2d0 log c3t3d0

Create a ZFS pool with 1 disk and 1 disk as L2ARC (Level 2 storage cache):

# zpool create testpool c3t2d0 cache c3t3d0

Share a filesystem via NFS:

# zfs create zpool/fs1

# zfs set share=name=fs1,path=/rpool/fs1,prot=nfs rpool/fs1
# zfs set sharenfs=on rpool/fs1
Share a filesystem via CIFS:

# pkg install service/filesystem/smb

# svcadm enable -r smb/server
# echo “other password required pam_smb_passwd.so.1 nowarn”  >> /etc/pam.conf
# smbadm enable-user joerg
# zfs set share=name=sh1,path=/rpool/fs1,prot=smb rpool/fs1
# zfs set sharesmb=on rpool/fs1
Use shadow migration:

# pkg install shadow-migration

# svcadm enable shadowd
# zfs set readonly=on path/to/data
# zfs create -o shadoow=file:///path/to/data  target/new/path/to/data

Disk Devices
Show all disks on a system:

# cfgadm -s “select=type(disk)”
Configure a disk to be used via iSCSI

# svcadm enable svc:/network/iscsi/initiator

# iscsiadm modify initiator-node -A myclient
# iscsiadm add discovery-address 10.211.55.200
# iscsiadm discovery -t enable
# devfsadm -c iscsi
Replace a faulty disk c1t1d0 from ZFS pool testpool:

# zpool offline testpool c1t1d0

# cfgadm -c unconfigure c1::dsk/c1t1d0
# cfgadm -c configure c1::dsk/c1t1d0
# zpool replace testpool c1t1d0
# zpool online testpool c1t1d0
Mirror existing boot disk c3t0d0s0 with disk c3t2d0s0

# fdisk -B c3t2d0s0
# prvtoc /dev/rdsk/c3t0d0s0 | fmthard -s – /dev/rdsk/c3t2d0s0
On x86 systems:

# installgrub /boot/grub/stage1 /boot/grub/stage2 /dev/rdsk/c3t2d0s0

On SPARC systems:

# installboot -F zfs /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/zfs/bootblk/dev/rdsk/c3t2d0s0

Oracle Solaris Zones

Oracle Solaris Zones provide isolated and secure virtual environments running on a
single operating system instance, ideal for application deployment. When administrators
create a zone, an application execution environment is produced in which processes are
isolated from the rest of the system.

Create a zone with an exclusive IP network stack:

# zonecfg -z testzone
testzone: No such zone configured
Use ‘create’ to begin configuring a new zone.
zonecfg:testzone> create
zonecfg:testzone> set zonepath=/zones/testzone
zonecfg:testzone> set autoboot=true
zonecfg:testzone> verify
zonecfg:testzone> commit
zonecfg:testzone> exit
List all running zones verbosely:

# zoneadm list -v
List all configured zones:

# zoneadm list -c
List all installed zones:

# zoneadm list -i
Install a zone:

# zoneadm -z testzone install

Boot a zone:

# zoneadm -z testzone boot

List configuration about a zone:

# zoneadm -z testzone list

Login to a zone:

# zlogin -C testzone
Halt a zone

# zoneadm -z testzone halt

Shutdown a zone

# zoneadm -z testzone shutdown

Monitor a zone for CPU, memory and network utilization every 10 seconds:

# zonestat -z testzone 10
Service Management Facility
Service Management Facility (SMF) provides a framework for managing services on Oracle
Solaris including the ability to automatically restart any service after failure. Each service
instance is named with a fault management resource indicator (FMRI).

Show all services (including disabled services):

# svcs
List detailed information about system/zones:

# svcs -l system/zones
List processes associated with the network/netcfg service:

# svcs -p network/netcfg
Show why services that are enabled but are not running, or preventing other services from
running:

# svcs -xv
Enable a service called network/dns/client:

# svcadm enable network/dns/client

Restart a service called network/nfs/server using an abbreviated FMRI:

# svcadm restart nfs/server

Disable a service called network/ssh:

# svcadm disable network/ssh

Display all properties and values in the SMF configuration repository for the service
network/ssh:

# svcprop network/ssh
Interactively display the general/enabled property within the SMF configuration repository
for the service network/ssh:

# svccfg
svc:> select ssh:default
svc:/network/ssh:default> listprop general/enabled
svc:/network/ssh:default> exit
Set the port number of the application/pkg/server service to 10000:

# svccfg -s application/pkg/server setprop pkg/port=10000

# svcadm refresh application/pkg/server
Configure email notifications for all services that drop from online to maintenance state:

# svccfg setnotify -g from-online,to-maintenance  mailto:[email protected]

List all configuration changes that have been made in the SMF configuration repository to
the name-service/switch service:

# svccfg -s name-service/switch listcust –L

Solaris 11 Networking
Oracle Solaris 11 uses profile based networking configuration, comprised of two
configuration modes – manual and automatic. These modes differ in how administrators
configure the system, either manually using dladm and ipadm, or through creating and
applying network configuration profiles.

Networking – Manual Administration

Switch to manual network configuration:

# netadm enable –p ncp defaultfixed

Show physical network interfaces:

# dladm show-phys
Create interface with static IPv4 configuration:

# ipadm create-ip net0

# ipadm create-addr –T static –a local=10.9.8.7/24 net0/addr
# ipadm show-addr
Create interface with DHCP configuration:

# ipadm create-ip net0

# ipadm create-addr –T dhcp net0/addr
Create interface with auto-generated IPv6 configuration:

# ipadm create-ip net0

# ipadm create-addr –T addrconf net0/addr
Configure default route:
# route –p add default 192.168.1.1
Activate DNS configuration:

# svccfg –s dns/client setprop config/nameserver = net_address: 192.168.1.1

# svccfg –s dns/client setprop config/domain = astring: “myhost.org”
# svccfg –s name-service/switch setprop config/host = astring: \“files dns\”
# svcadm refresh name-service/switch
# svcadm refresh dns/client
Activate DNS configuration (alternate approach by editing /etc/resolv.conf and
/etc/nsswitch.conf and then importing these modifications into SMF)

# nscfg import –f svc:/system/name-service/switch:default

# nscfg import –f svc:/network/dns/client:default
# svcadm refresh dns/client

Networking – Automatic Administration

Create a network configuration profile:

# netcfg create ncp datacenter

# netcfg
netcfg> select ncp datacenter
netcfg:ncp:datacenter> create ncu phys net0
Created ncu ‘net0’. Walking properties …
ip-version (ipv4,ipv6) [ipv4|ipv6]> ipv4
ipv4-addsrc (dhcp) [dhcp|static]> static
ipv4-addr> 192.168.1.27
ipv4-default-route> 192.168.1.1
netcfg:ncp:datacenter:ncu:net0> end
Committed changes
netcfg:ncp:datacenter> exit
Create a network location profile:

# netcfg
netcfg> create loc datacenter
Created loc ‘datacenter’. Walking properties …
activation-mode (manual) [manual|conditional-any|conditionalall]>
conditional-any
conditions> ip-address is 192.168.1.27
nameservices (dns) [dns|files|nis|ldap] dns
nameservices-config-file (“/etc/nsswitch.dns”)>
dns-nameservice-configsrc (dhcp) [manual|dhcp]> manual
dns-nameservice-domain> datacenter.myhost.org
dns-nameservice-servers> 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservice-search>
dns-nameservice-sortlist>
dns-nameservice-options>
nfsv4-domain>
ipfilter-config-file>
ipfilter-v6-config-file>
ipnat-config-file>
ippool-config-file>
ike-config-file>
ipsecpolicy-config-file>
netcfg:loc:datacenter>
netcfg:loc:datacenter> exit
Committed changes
Activate a network configuration profile:
# netadm enable -p ncp datacenter
 

Networking – Advanced Administration

Create a virtual network interface over existing physical interface net0 with
address 192.168.0.80:

# dladm create-vnic -l net0 vnic0

# ipadm create-ip vnic0
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.0.80 vnic0/v4
Create two virtual network interfaces over a virtual switch (without a physical
network interface):

# dladm create-etherstub stub0

# dladm create-vnic -l stub0 vnic0
# dladm create-vnic -l stub0 vnic1
Reduce the bandwidth of the virtual network interface vnic0 to 100Mbps:

# dladm set-linkprop -p maxbw=100 vnic0

Restrict the bandwidth going to IP address 192.168.0.30 by creating a flow on
virtual network interface vnic0, then restrict its bandwidth to 50Mbps:

# flowadm add-flow -l vnic0 -a remote_ip=192.168.0.30 flow0

# flowadm set-flowprop -p maxbw=50 flow0
Restrict network traffic to TCP for a local port 443 for network interface net0:

# flowadm add-flow -l net0 -a transport=TCP,local_port=433 flow0

 

Activating Jumbo Frames (ethernet packets greater than 1500 bytes):

# dladm set-linkprop -p mtu=9000 net0

 

Configure Link Aggregation:

# dladm create-aggr -l net0 -l net1 aggr0

# ipadm create-ip aggr0
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 10.1.1.2/24 aggr0/v4
Configure VLANS:

# dladm create-vlan -l net0 -v 100 administration1

# dladm create-vlan -l net0 -v 2 production1
# ipadm create-ip administration1
# ipadm create-ip production1
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.2.2/24 administration1/v4static
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.1.2/24 production1/v4static
Configure an IPMP group:

# ipadm create-ip net0

# ipadm create-ip net1
# ipadm create-ip net2
# ipadm create-ipmp ipmp0
# ipadm add-ipmp -i net0 -i net1 -i net2 ipmp0
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.1.27/24 ipmp0/v4
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.1.50/24 net0/test
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.1.51/24 net1/test
# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.1.52/24 net2/test