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SQL Functions

This document shows SQL commands being used to create tables, insert and modify data. Various tables are created with different fields. Data is inserted and updated. Strings are manipulated using functions like UPPER, LOWER, TRIM. Records are selected, inserted, updated and deleted from the tables.

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Lucky Lucky
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
58 views

SQL Functions

This document shows SQL commands being used to create tables, insert and modify data. Various tables are created with different fields. Data is inserted and updated. Strings are manipulated using functions like UPPER, LOWER, TRIM. Records are selected, inserted, updated and deleted from the tables.

Uploaded by

Lucky Lucky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.

0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 17:17:55 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> create table lakshi(


2 lak_id,
3 lakn
4
SQL> create table lakshmi(
2 lak_id number(10),
3 lakname varchar2(20),
4 phno number(10),
5 gender char);

Table created.

SQL> alter table lakshmi add varanty number(20);

Table altered.

SQL> desc lakshmi;


Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
LAK_ID NUMBER(10)
LAKNAME VARCHAR2(20)
PHNO NUMBER(10)
GENDER CHAR(1)
VARANTY NUMBER(20)

SQL> delete from lakshmi where varanty number(20);


delete from lakshmi where varanty number(20)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00920: invalid relational operator

SQL> alter table lakshmi drop column varanty;

Table altered.

SQL> alter table lakshmi drop(lak_id,lakname,phno);

Table altered.

SQL> alter table lakshmi remane gender to gen;


alter table lakshmi remane gender to gen
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01735: invalid ALTER TABLE option

SQL> alter table lakshmi remane gender to gen;


alter table lakshmi remane gender to gen
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01735: invalid ALTER TABLE option

SQL> alter table lakshmi remane column gender to gen;


alter table lakshmi remane column gender to gen
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01735: invalid ALTER TABLE option

SQL> alter table lakshmi rename column gender to gen;

Table altered.

SQL> create table anil;


create table anil
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00906: missing left parenthesis

SQL> create table anil(


2 ani_id number(10),
3 aniname varchar2(20);
aniname varchar2(20)
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis

SQL> create table anil(


2 ani_id number(10),
3 aniname varchar2(20),
4 phno number(10),
5 gender);
gender)
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-02263: need to specify the datatype for this column

SQL> create table anil(


2 ani_id number(10),
3 aniname varchar2(20),
4 phno number(20),
5 gender char);

Table created.

SQL> insert into anil values('&ani_id','&aniname','&phno','&gender');


Enter value for ani_id: 1
Enter value for aniname: a
Enter value for phno: 12
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into anil values('&ani_id','&aniname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into anil values('1','a','12','m')
1 row created.

SQL> /;
Enter value for ani_id: 2
Enter value for aniname: aa
Enter value for phno: 13
Enter value for gender: f
old 1: insert into anil values('&ani_id','&aniname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into anil values('2','aa','13','f')

1 row created.

SQL> /;
Enter value for ani_id: 3
Enter value for aniname: aaa
Enter value for phno: 14
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into anil values('&ani_id','&aniname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into anil values('3','aaa','14','m')

1 row created.

SQL> /;
Enter value for ani_id: 4
Enter value for aniname: aaaa
Enter value for phno: 15
Enter value for gender: f
old 1: insert into anil values('&ani_id','&aniname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into anil values('4','aaaa','15','f')

1 row created.

SQL> /;
Enter value for ani_id: 5
Enter value for aniname: aaaaa
Enter value for phno: 16
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into anil values('&ani_id','&aniname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into anil values('5','aaaaa','16','m')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from anil;

ANI_ID ANINAME PHNO G


---------- -------------------- ---------- -
1 a 12 m
2 aa 13 f
3 aaa 14 m
4 aaaa 15 f
5 aaaaa 16 m

SQL> delect from anil where ani_id=5;


SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "delect fro..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> delete from anil where ani_id=5;

1 row deleted.

SQL> roolback;
SP2-0042: unknown command "roolback" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> rollback;

Rollback complete.

SQL> update anil set name=rt where ani_id=1;


update anil set name=rt where ani_id=1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "RT": invalid identifier

SQL> update anil set name='rrr' where ani_id=1;


update anil set name='rrr' where ani_id=1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "NAME": invalid identifier

SQL> update anil set anilname='kkk' where anil_id=1;


update anil set anilname='kkk' where anil_id=1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "ANIL_ID": invalid identifier

SQL> update anil set aniname='kk' where ani_id=1;

0 rows updated.

SQL> select * from anil;

no rows selected

SQL> select * from anil;

no rows selected

SQL> select initcap(lakshmi)from dual;


select initcap(lakshmi)from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "LAKSHMI": invalid identifier

SQL> select * from anil;

no rows selected

SQL> select initcap('lakshmi') from dual;

INITCAP
-------
Lakshmi

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select uppercase('lakshmi') from dual;
select uppercase('lakshmi') from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "UPPERCASE": invalid identifier

SQL> select upper('lakshmi') from dual;

UPPER('
-------
LAKSHMI

SQL> select lower('LAKSHMI') from dual;

LOWER('
-------
lakshmi

SQL> select trim(' lakshmi ') from dual;

TRIM('L
-------
lakshmi

SQL> select ltrim(' lakshmi ') from dual;

LTRIM('LAKSH
------------
lakshmi

SQL> select rtrim(' lakshmi ') from dual;

RTRIM('LAKSH
------------
lakshmi

SQL> select
2
SQL> create table lucky(
2 luc_id number(10),
3 lucname varchar2(20),
4 phno number(10),
5 gender char);

Table created.

SQL> insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno',&gender');


Enter value for luc_id: 1
Enter value for lucname: a
Enter value for phno: 11
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno',&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('1','a','11',m')
ERROR:
ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated

SQL> insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender');


Enter value for luc_id: 1
Enter value for lucname: a
Enter value for phno: 11
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('1','a','11','m')

1 row created.

SQL> /;
Enter value for luc_id: 2
Enter value for lucname: aa
Enter value for phno: 22
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('2','aa','22','m')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for luc_id: 3
Enter value for lucname: aaa
Enter value for phno: 33
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('3','aaa','33','m')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for luc_id: 4
Enter value for lucname: aaaa
Enter value for phno: 44
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('4','aaaa','44','m')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for luc_id: 5
Enter value for lucname: aaaaa
Enter value for phno: 55
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('5','aaaaa','55','m')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for luc_id: 6
Enter value for lucname: aaaaaa
Enter value for phno: 66
Enter value for gender: f
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('6','aaaaaa','66','f')

1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for luc_id: 7
Enter value for lucname: aaaaaaa
Enter value for phno: 77
Enter value for gender: f
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('7','aaaaaaa','77','f')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for luc_id: 8
Enter value for lucname: aaaaaaaa
Enter value for phno: 88
Enter value for gender: m
old 1: insert into lucky values('&luc_id','&lucname','&phno','&gender')
new 1: insert into lucky values('8','aaaaaaaa','88','m')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from lucky;

LUC_ID LUCNAME PHNO G


---------- -------------------- ---------- -
1 a 11 m
2 aa 22 m
3 aaa 33 m
4 aaaa 44 m
5 aaaaa 55 m
6 aaaaaa 66 f
7 aaaaaaa 77 f
8 aaaaaaaa 88 m

8 rows selected.

SQL> select initcap(lucname) from lucky;

INITCAP(LUCNAME)
--------------------
A
Aa
Aaa
Aaaa
Aaaaa
Aaaaaa
Aaaaaaa
Aaaaaaaa

8 rows selected.

SQL> select upper(gender) from lucky;

U
-
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
M

8 rows selected.

SQL> select lower(lucname) from lucky;

LOWER(LUCNAME)
--------------------
a
aa
aaa
aaaa
aaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa

8 rows selected.

SQL> select trim(lucname) from lucky;

TRIM(LUCNAME)
--------------------
a
aa
aaa
aaaa
aaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa

8 rows selected.

SQL> select rtrim(lucname) from lucky;

RTRIM(LUCNAME)
--------------------
a
aa
aaa
aaaa
aaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa

8 rows selected.

SQL> select ltrim(lucname) from lucky;

LTRIM(LUCNAME)
--------------------
a
aa
aaa
aaaa
aaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaaa
aaaaaaaa

8 rows selected.

SQL> select substr(m@gmail,1,instr(m@gmail,'@',1)-1)name from dual;


select substr(m@gmail,1,instr(m@gmail,'@',1)-1)name from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-04054: database link GMAIL.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM does not exist

SQL>

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