Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 54 views

    High Voltage High Frequency Pulse Transformer, A Design Analysis

    Uploaded by

    kar mugilan
    This document analyzes the design of a high voltage, high frequency pulse transformer. It uses two main models - an equivalent circuit model and a finite element electrostatic model - to evaluate key parameters and performance. The analysis finds that reducing leakage inductance and magnetic core saturation are important to achieve the required output voltage. It concludes that improvements like decreasing winding turns and increasing the core size could help minimize leakage inductance while balancing other design aspects. Proper insulation and anti-corona devices are also important to prevent electrical arcing and corona effects at high voltages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    High Voltage High Frequency Pulse Transformer, A Design Analysis

    Uploaded by

    kar mugilan
    54 views3 pages
    This document analyzes the design of a high voltage, high frequency pulse transformer. It uses two main models - an equivalent circuit model and a finite element electrostatic model - to evaluate key parameters and performance. The analysis finds that reducing leakage inductance and magnetic core saturation are important to achieve the required output voltage. It concludes that improvements like decreasing winding turns and increasing the core size could help minimize leakage inductance while balancing other design aspects. Proper insulation and anti-corona devices are also important to prevent electrical arcing and corona effects at high voltages.

    Original Description:

    IEEE Paper

    Original Title

    PRINT4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document analyzes the design of a high voltage, high frequency pulse transformer. It uses two main models - an equivalent circuit model and a finite element electrostatic model - to evaluate key parameters and performance. The analysis finds that reducing leakage inductance and magnetic core saturation are important to achieve the required output voltage. It concludes that improvements like decreasing winding turns and increasing the core size could help minimize leakage inductance while balancing other design aspects. Proper insulation and anti-corona devices are also important to prevent electrical arcing and corona effects at high voltages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views3 pages

    High Voltage High Frequency Pulse Transformer, A Design Analysis

    Uploaded by

    kar mugilan
    This document analyzes the design of a high voltage, high frequency pulse transformer. It uses two main models - an equivalent circuit model and a finite element electrostatic model - to evaluate key parameters and performance. The analysis finds that reducing leakage inductance and magnetic core saturation are important to achieve the required output voltage. It concludes that improvements like decreasing winding turns and increasing the core size could help minimize leakage inductance while balancing other design aspects. Proper insulation and anti-corona devices are also important to prevent electrical arcing and corona effects at high voltages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    High Voltage High Frequency Pulse Transformer,

    A Design Analysis
    Dmitri Ivanov
    Department of Industrial Electrical
    Engineering and Automation
    Faculty of Engineering
    Lund University
    July 7, 2015

    Special purpose, high voltage, pulse transformers lytic models are used in order to acquire rough estima-
    frequently have exceptionally high requirements tion of the parameters using mathematical expressions,
    associated with their design. Such is the case for while finite element simulation provides a more precise
    the prototype 1:25 kV step-up pulse transformer estimation. Finally, the measurements on the pulse
    being developed for the klystron modulator system transformer are performed through short-circuit and
    at the European Spallation Source. An insulation no-load tests. The results of the three methods are
    requirement of 150 kV as well as strict specifica- compared in order to verify their credibility.
    tion regarding the voltage transformation that the In figures 2 and 3 the no-load and short-circuit con-
    system performs, makes the construction of the ditions are displayed in finite element program FEMM.
    device highly challenging. Evaluation of the elec- Among other parameters Lmag , L1leak and L2leak are
    tromagnetic, electrostatic and geometric design of obtained through the simulations.
    the transformer therefore provides a much needed
    insight into vital parameters of the device.
    I. C ORE OF THE ANALYSIS
    At the center of the performed transformer analysis
    lie two main models; high frequency adjusted equiva-
    lent circuit model and finite element based electrostatic
    model.
    The equivalent circuit model condenses magnetic and
    electric qualities of the transformer to a set of circuit
    components in such way, that when voltage is applied
    to the circuit, it exhibits qualities similar to those of the
    real transformer. The equivalent circuit is seen below Fig. 2. Open circuit FEMM simulation
    in figure 1.

    Fig. 1. Equivalent scheme of the pulse transformer

    The component values are estimated using analytic,


    measurement and finite element based methods. Ana- Fig. 3. Short-circuit FEMM simulation
    Both plots display magnetic field lines, in addition to
    magnetic flux density, which is shown in color across
    the simulation region.
    The results of equivalent circuit simulations all point
    toward two main results. Primarily, the values of
    leakage inductances, L1leak and L2leak are of great
    importance due to large portion of the voltage expected
    to fall over the load falling over these parasitic elements
    instead. In the figure 4 importance of reducing the
    leakage inductance is shown.

    Fig. 5. Current waveform measured using oscilloscope

    Fig. 4. Influence of leakage inductance on output waveform


    Fig. 6. Current waveform acquired through nonlinear Simulink
    simulation
    As is apparent, the voltage over the load does only
    reach its intended top value during each half period if
    the leakage inductance is low enough. For the prototype reached through asymmetry of the excitation waveform,
    pulse transformer the leakage inductance is expected to lower operation frequency or higher input voltage.
    be around 4.5 µH, which threatens the voltage capabil- Electrostatic analysis of the system offers another
    ity of the system at nominal load. Different estimation point of view on its functionality. Namely, high voltage
    methods predict a output voltage between 18.3 kV and devices are prone to develop corona effect and electrical
    22.4 kV for the transformer, with 19.2 kV being the arcing if need for sufficient creepage and clearance
    minimal allowable value at nominal load of 1 kΩ. distances as well as avoidance of sharp edges in the
    Secondarily, saturation tendencies are observed in design are overlooked. A clear indication of such
    the core throughout the simulations. This is supported effects can be found through electrostatic model of
    by measurements performed on the prototype. Mild the device. Corresponding model for the transformer
    saturation behavior can be observed in figures 5 and is seen in figure 7.
    6. First one represents oscilloscope measurement at no The simulation shows that no electrical arcing is
    load while second one displays simulation results in expected when the transformer resides in oil with
    Simulink under same conditions. dielectric strength around 12 MV/m. Notably, if pockets
    As seen in the figures, current waveform values start or bubbles of air are present in the submerged trans-
    to rise significantly toward end of each half period. If former the risk of arcing increases due to dielectric
    the saturation of the core is allowed to reach critical strength of air being 3 MV/m. Corona effect, which
    values, very high current spikes are to be expected occurs at lower field strengths can however be present
    in the input current, threatening to damage the device in the design, resulting in modest power losses and
    and destabilize its output. High saturation levels can be possibly solid dielectric degradation.
    Fig. 7. Electrostatic simulation of transformer cross section in
    Finite Element Method Magnetics

    II. C ONCLUSIONS OF THE ANALYSIS


    Following the evaluation of the transformer proto-
    type a conclusion is drawn that the design is functional
    in all aspects, however, room for improvement and
    safety margins is present.
    Primarily the leakage inductance is to be minimized
    by introducing measures which reduce the leakage flux.
    Such measures include reducing number of transformer
    turns on each winding, increasing the length of both
    primary and secondary winding and decreasing the area
    between the two. This way reduction of voltage drop
    can be achieved for the whole design.
    While altering the construction, it is important to
    remember that change of one parameter can uninten-
    tionally compromise other aspects of the design. This
    results in need of a fine balance between sufficient
    clearance between the windings and saturation of the
    core on one side and reduction of leakage inductance
    on the other.
    A viable approach to the matter is to reduce the
    saturation levels through increase in the core cross
    section by use of an additional magnetic core. This
    way number of turns and thereby leakage inductance
    can also be reduced.
    Among other improvements use of low permittivity
    insulators in order to decrease the parasitic capacitance
    is advised for the primary winding. Another alteration
    is to increase the radius of the anti-corona devices,
    which not only reduces corona effect but also decreases
    the chances of potentially very hazardous electrical
    arcing.
    While the performed analysis revolves around a pro-
    totype transformer, the extracted results can be applied
    to a wide range of similar devices.

    You might also like