Multiple Choice Questions

1- The main concept behind doing research is to

A- study and explore knowledge.

B- start with a predefined and clear-cut objectives.

C- get new ideas.

D- define clear objectives.

E- all the above.

2- In order to begin research, one must

A- start with a number of clear goals.

B- start with a number of predefined objectives.

C- have a well defined research method.

D- solve the research problem.

3- Doing research requires drafting a working outline, which is

A- having a predefined and clear-cut objective(s).

B- planning to get answers for what, why & where type of questions.

C- having a clear idea about the research problem solution.

D- none of the above.

4- Research objectives falls into a number of categories that include

A- planning to get answers for what, why & where type of questions.

B- considering the logic behind the methods we use in the context of the
research.

C- formulative, concept, and planning for research methods.

D- exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic and experimentation research.

5- Formulative research studies is a category of research that aims to

A- achieve new insights of a concept.

B- analyze characteristics of something.

C- determine the frequency with which something occurs.

D- test the relationship between variables.

6- Diagnostic research studies is a category of research that aims to

A- achieve new insights of a concept.

B- analyze characteristics of something.

C- determine the frequency with which something occurs.

D- test the relationship between variables.

7- Descriptive research studies is a category of research that aims to

A- achieve new insights of a concept.

B- analyze characteristics of something.

C- determine the frequency with which something occurs.

D- test the relationship between variables.

8- Research is considered to be more than just a way of skills, it is

A- planning to what, why and where type of questions to determine a goal.

B- a way of critical thinking about professional aspects of related to your work.

C- the research methods used within the research methodology.

D- discovering the relationship between variables.

9- Research aims for finding “answers” to “questions” it implies

A- a framework of philosophies.

B- using valid and reliable methods and techniques.

C- an unbiased design.

D- all the above.

10- Research philosophies refers to

A- approaches and the discipline.

B- correct procedures in the discipline.

C- ideas to discover.
D- objectives to consider in the research process.

11- In order to make the research reliable, it requires that

A- there is no deliberate attempt to either to conceal or highlight

something.

B- quantitative and qualitative methods are to be used.

C- repeatability and accuracy are provided for the quality of measurement

procedures used.

D- the solution to the research problem is known in advance.

12- In order to make the research unbiased, it requires that

A- there is no deliberate attempt to either to conceal or highlight something.

B- quantitative and qualitative methods are to be used.

C- repeatability and accuracy are provided for the quality of measurement

procedures used.

D- the solution to the research problem is known in advance.

13- The main difference between research and non-research is

A- the type of skills we use to discover something.

B- the utilization of acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems to create

new knowledge.

C- the quantitative and qualitative methods that are to be used.

D- all the above.

14- Biased research refers to

A- drawing conclusions by introducing oneʼs own vested interest.

B- no deliberate attempt to either conceal or highlight something.

C- repeatability and accuracy are provided for the quality of measurement

procedures used.

D- each step of the research is valid and objective.

15- Descriptive research is the type of research that

A- is made for performing the basic or pure research; itʼs a theoretical

research.
B- is intended for finding some solution to the problem considered.

C- includes fact-finding enquires and surveys.

D- uses available information as the base to make the further critical

evaluation.

16- Analytical research is the type of research that

A- is made for performing the basic or pure research; itʼs a theoretical

research.

B- is intended for finding some solution to the problem considered.

C- includes fact-finding enquires and surveys.

D- uses available information as the base to make the further critical evaluation.

17- Applied research is the type of research that

A- is made for performing the basic or pure research; itʼs a theoretical

research.

B- is intended for finding some solution to the problem considered.

C- includes fact-finding enquires and surveys.

D- uses available information as the base to make the further critical

evaluation.

18- Fundamental research is the type of research that

A- is made for performing the basic or pure research; itʼs a theoretical research.

B- is intended for finding some solution to the problem considered.

C- includes fact-finding enquires and surveys.

D- uses available information as the base to make the further critical

evaluation.

19- Research can be classified from three perspectives

A- philosophies, validity and unbiased.

B- controlled, systematic and empirical.

C- rigorous, valid and critical.

D- application, objectives and inquiry mode used.

20. The Research Process have certain characteristics. One of the
statements below are not part of

these characteristics

A – Controlled & Systematic

B – Quantitative & Qualitative

C – Critical & Empirical

D- Rigorous & Valid

21. A good qualitative problem statement:

a. Defines the independent and dependent variables

b. Conveys a sense of emerging design

c. Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested

d. Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher

expects to find

22. The “tool” function of theory is to:

a. Summarize existing knowledge

b. Summarize existing hypotheses

c. Suggest new relationships and make new predictions

d. Suggest new theories

23. The statement of purpose in a research study should:

a. Identify the design of the study

b. Identify the intent or objective of the study

c. Specify the type of people to be used in the study

d. Describe the study

24. Why is the statement “What are the effects of extracurricular

activities on cognitive

development of school age children” not a good statement of a

quantitative research question?
a. Because there is no connection between extracurricular activities and
cognitive development

b. Because there are not enough school age children engaged in

extracurricular activities

to conduct the study

c. Because the study would be too difficult to do given all the different
extracurricular activities

d. Because the statement was not specific enough to provide an understanding of

the variables being investigated

25. A qualitative research question:

a. Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored

b. Is generally an open-ended question

c. both a and b are correct

d. None of the above

26. According to the text, which of the following orders is the

recommended in the flowchart of the development of a research idea?

a. Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question,

hypothesis

b. Research topic, research purpose, research problem, research question,

hypothesis

c. Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question,

hypothesis

d. Research topic, hypothesis, research problem, research question,

research purpose

27. It is essential that you evaluate the quality of internet resources

because information obtained

via the internet ranges from very poor to very good.

a. True

b. False

28. One step that is not included in planning a research study is:
a. Identifying a researchable problem

b. A review of current research

c. Statement of the research question

d. Conducting a meta-analysis of the research

e. Developing a research plan

29. Sources of researchable problems can include:

a. Researchers’ own experiences as educators

b. Practical issues that require solutions

c. Theory and past research

d. All of the above

30. A key characteristic of past research that guides researchers in new

research questions is that:

a. Extensive research conclusively and definitively answers research

questions

b. Studies typically generate more research questions than they answer

31. Which of the following is a function of theory?

a. Integrating and summarizing current knowledge

b. Making predictions

c. Explaining phenomena

d. All of the above are important functions of theory

32. A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions

allows the researcher to do which of the following?

a. To become familiar with prior research on the phenomenon of interest

b. To identify potential methodological problems in the research area

c. To develop a list of pertinent problems relative to the phenomenon of

interest

d. All of the above

33. Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data
collection is not recommended by grounded theorists.

a. True

b. False

34. What kind of ideas can’t be empirically researched?

a. Effectiveness of different methods of instruction

b. Description of educational practices

c. Issues of values and morality such as the correctness of having prayer in schools

d. Factors helpful in predicting future drug use

35. Which of the following is not a database containing information to be

used during the

literature review?

a. ERIC

b. PsychINFO

c. SocioFILE

d. all of the above are potentially useful data bases

36. Computer database searches can be done:

a. With a computer with CD-ROM drive

b. At the library

c. Online

d. All of the above

37. The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:

a. Cost and time required to conduct the study

b. Skills required of the researcher

c. Potential ethical concerns

d. All of the above

38. A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research
study” generally _____.

a. Is made prior to the literature review

b. Is made after the literature review

c. Will help guide the research process

d. All of the above

e. b and c

39. Is the following qualitative research purpose statement “well stated”

or “poorly stated”?

“The focus of the present study was to explore distressing and nurturing
encounters of patients with caregivers and to ascertain the meanings that
are engendered by such encounters. The study was

conducted on one of the surgical units and the obstetrical/gynecological

unit of a 374-bed community hospital.”

a. It is a well stated

b. It is poorly stated

40. Which of the following quantitative research questions is superior?

a. “What is the effect of participation in various extracurricular activities

on academic performance?”

b. “What effect does playing high school football have on students’ overall grade
point average

during the football season?”

41. A statement of the quantitative research question should:

a. Extend the statement of purpose by specifying exactly the question(s)

the researcher will address

b. Help the research in selecting appropriate participants, research

methods, measures, and materials

c. Specify the variables of interest

d. All of the above

42. The research participants are described in detail in which section of
the research plan?

a. Introduction

b. Method

c. Data analysis

d. Discussion

43. Research hypotheses are ______.

a. Formulated prior to a review of the literature

b. Statements of predicted relationships between variables

c. Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted

d. b and c

44. Hypotheses in qualitative research studies usually _____.

a. Are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study

b. Are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed

c. Are never used

d. Are always stated after the research study has been completed

45. A research plan _____.

a. Should be detailed

b. Should be given to others for review and comments

c. Sets out the rationale for a research study

d. All of the above

46. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies

a. The research participants

b. The results of prior studies that address the phenomena of interest

c. The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study

d. The planned research procedures

e. a, c and d
47. The Introduction section of the research plan

a. Gives an overview of prior relevant studies

b. Contains a statement of the purpose of the study

c. Concludes with a statement of the research questions and, for

quantitative research, it includes the research hypothesis

d. All of the above

48. According to your text, which of the following is not a source of

research ideas?

a. Everyday life

b. Practical issues

c. Past research

d. Theory

e. All of the above are sources of research ideas

49. In the research process, the management question has the following
critical activity in sequence.

a. Origin, selection, statement, exploration and refinement

b. Origin, statement, selection, exploration and refinement

c. Origin, exploration, selection, refinement, and statement

d. Origin, exploration, refinement, selection and statement

50. The chapter that details the way in which the research was conducted
is the _________ chapter

a. Introduction

b. Literature review

c. Research methodology

d. Data analysis

e. Conclusion and recommendations

51. Business research has an inherent value to the extent that it helps
management make better decisions. Interesting information about
consumers, employees, or competitors might be pleasant to have, but its
value is limited if the information cannot be applied to a critical decision.

a. True

b. False

52. The researcher should never report flaws in procedural design and
estimate their effect on the findings.

a. True

b. False

53. Adequate analysis of the data is the least difficult phase of research
for the novice.

a. True

b. False

54. The validity and reliability of the data should be checked occasionally

a. True

b. False

55. Researchers are tempted to rely too heavily on data collected in a

prior study and use it in the interpretation of a new study

a. True

b. False

56. What is a good research? The following are correct except

a. Purpose clearly defined

b. Research process detailed

c. Research design thoroughly planned

d. Findings presented ambiguously

57. Greater confidence in the research is warranted if the researcher is
experienced, has a good reputation in research, and is a person of
integrity

a. True

b. False

58. A complete disclosure of methods and procedures used in the

research study is required. Such openness to scrutiny has a positive effect
on the quality of research. However, competitive advantage often
mitigates against methodology disclosure in business research.

a. True

b. False

59. Research is any organized inquiry carried out to provide information

for solving problems.

a. True

b. False

60. In deduction, the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons
given. In inductive argument there is no such strength of relationship
between reasons and conclusions.

a. True

b. False

61. Conclusions must necessarily follow from the premises. Identify the
type of arguments that follows the above condition.

a. Induction

b. Combination of Induction and Deduction

c. Deduction Variables

62. Eminent scientists who claim there is no such thing as the scientific
method, or if exists, it is not revealed by what they write, caution
researchers about using template like approaches

a. True

b. False
63. One of the terms given below is defined as “a bundle of meanings or
characteristics associated with certain events, objects, conditions,
situations, and the like

a. Construct

b. Definition

c. Concept

d. Variable

64. This is an idea or image specifically invented for a given research

and/or theory building purpose

a. Concept

b. Construct

c. Definition

d. Variables

65. The following are the synonyms for independent variable except

a. Stimulus

b. Manipulated

c. Consequence

d. Presumed Cause

66. The following are the synonyms for dependent variable except

a. Presumed effect

b. Measured Outcome

c. Response

d. Predicted from…

67. In the research process, a management dilemma triggers the need for
a decision.

a. True
 b. False

68. Every research proposal, regardless of length should include two basic
sections. They are:

a. Research question and research methodology

b. Research proposal and bibliography

c. Research method and schedule

d. Research question and bibliography

69. The purpose of the research proposal is:

a. To generate monetary sources for the organization

b. To present management question to be researched and its

importance

c. To discuss the research efforts of others who have worked on related

management question.

70. A proposal is also known as a:

a. Work plan

b. Prospectus

c. Outline

d. Draft plan

e. All of the above

71. Non response error occurs when you cannot locate the person or could
not encourage the respondent to participate in answering.

a. True

b. False

72. Secondary data can almost always be obtained more quickly and at a
lower cost than __________data.

a. Tertiary

b. Collective
 c. Research

d. Primary

73. The purpose of __________________ research is to help in the process of

developing a clear and precise statement of the research problem rather
than in providing a definitive answer.

a. Marketing

b. Causal

c. Exploratory

d. Descriptive

74. The following journal article would be an example of ---------------------

research; “ The benefits of florescent lightning on production in a factory
setting.”

a. Applied

b. Interviewed

c. Basic

d. Stupid

75. The scientific method is preferred over other ways of knowing because
it is more:

a. Reliable

b. Systematic

c. Accurate

d. All of the above

76. Quantitative researcher’s preoccupation with generalization is an

attempt to:

a. Develop the law like findings of the natural sciences

b. Boost their chances of publication

c. Enhance the internal validity of their research

d. Demonstrate the complex techniques of statistical analysis

77. What is the basis of the scientific method?

a. To test hypotheses in conditions that are conclusive to its success

b. To formulate a research problem and disprove the hypothesis

c. To formulate a research problem, test the hypothesis in carefully
controlled conditions that challenge the hypothesis

d. To test hypotheses and if they are disproved, they should be abandoned

completely

78.Which of the following is the best hypothesis statement to address the

research question, "What impact will the new advertising campaign have
on use of Brand B?"Select correct option:

a. The new advertising campaign will impact Brand B usage.

b. The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B trial.

c. The new advertising campaign will cause increased Brand B usage at
the expense of Brand C.
d. The new advertising campaign will increase Brand B's market
penetration.

79.Which one of the following is not an assumption of science?

a. There are reoccurring patterns in the world.

b. Events happen because of preceding causes.
c. We can discover solutions to problems of interest.
d. Theoretical explanations must agree with common sense

80. A review that only demonstrates familiarity with an area is rarely

published but it often is part of an educational program is which type of
review?
a. Integrative reviews
b. Theoretical reviews
c. Self-study reviews
d. Historical reviews

81. A literature review requires

a. Planning

b. Clear writing

c. Good writing

d. All of the above

82. The facts that should be collected to measure a variable, depend upon
the
a. Conceptual understanding

b. Dictionary meaning

c. Operational definition

d. All of the above

83. Which of the following is the best hypothesis?

a. Students taking formative quizzes will perform better on chapter exams

than students not taking these quizzes

b. Taller students will have higher test scores than shorter students

c. Students taught in a cooperative group setting should do better than

students in a traditional class

d. Students using laptops will do well

84. What is an hypothesis?

a. A prediction of a relationship between certain variables

b. An experiment that tests certain predictions

c. An independent variable

d. A dependent variable

85. An operational definition is

a. one that bears no relation to the underlying concept

b. An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept

c. A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures

d. One that refers to opera singers and their work

86. What a research is?

a. A lab experiment

b. A report

c. A systematic enquiry

d. A procedure
87. If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom
to ascertain their merit and worth, he is likely conducting which type of
research?

a. Basic

b. Applied

c. Evaluation

d. Experimental

88. In the statement 'an examination of the effects of discretionary

behavior on employee performance' employee performance is the:

a. Independent variable

b. Dependent variable

c. Extraneous variable

d. Causal variable

89.The most difficult sources to locate are

a. Dissertations

b. Policy Reports and Presented Papers

c. Government Documents

d. Scholarly Books

90. A concept is a generalized idea about--------------

a. A class of objects
b. Attributes
c. Occurrences
d. All of the above

91. What is the reason for consulting handbooks, yearbooks,

encyclopedias, or reviews in the initial stages of identifying a research
topic?

a. They are readily available.

b. They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic.
c. They are primary sources
d. They avoid reporting statistical data so one can interpret the results
more easily

92. What is opposite of a variable?

a. A constant

b. An extraneous variable
c. A dependent variable
d. A data set

93. Qualitative and Quantitative Research are the classifications of

research on the basis of Select correct option:

a. Use of the research

b. Time dimension
c. Techniques used
d. Purpose of the research
94. The most critical areas of an article to read is:

a. Results section

b. Introduction
c. Abstract
d. Limitations

95. ________________meanings attached to a concept create problems of

measurements.

a. Unambiguous
b. Vague
c. Clear
d. Dictionary

96. Rationalism is the application of:

a. Research solution
b. Logic and arguments
c. Reasoning
d. Previous findings

97. Why do you need to review the existing literature?

a. To give your dissertation a proper academic appearance, with lots of
references
b. Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
c. To find out what is already known about your area of interest
d. To help in your general studying

98. The application of the scientific method to the study of business

problems is called:
a. Inductive Reasoning
b. Deductive Reasoning
c. Business Research
d. Grounded Theory
99. Which of the following is a discrete variable?

a. Age

b. Nationality
c. Test score
d. Income

100. Which of the following is a discrete variable?

a. height
b.age
c. miles per gallon
d. number of children

101. According to Empiricism, which of the following is the ultimate source

of all our concepts and knowledge?
a. Perceptions
b. Theory
c. Sensory experience
d. Logics and Arguments

102. If a researcher was studying the use of various instructional

approaches to the “multiple intelligences” of his students, he is likely to
be conducting which type of research?
a. Basic
b. Applied
c. Evaluation
d. Grounded Theory

103. Under which of the following research method is not applicable?

a. Health Care
b. Business
c. Government Offices
d. Imaginary worlds

104. Which of the following statements is false?

a. Discrete variables allow measurement of an infinite number of fractions
of units of measurement.
b. Discrete variables can only have whole number values.
c. Continuous numbers can only have whole number values.
d. Continuous measures do not allow for scores that fall between two
number values

105. To explain, predict, and/or control phenomena are the goal

of----------------------

a. Tradition
b. Inductive logic
c. Deductive logic
d. The scientific method

106. Which of the following is most beneficial to read in an article?

a. Methods
b. Introduction
c. Figures
d. References

107. Which of the function is not a function of clearly identified research

questions?
a. They guide your literature search
b. They keep you focused throughout the data collection period
c. They make the scope of your research as wide as possible
d. They are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument

108. The function of the research design step in the research process is to

a. inform the reader of what you want to attain through the study.

b. search the existing literature in the area of research.

c. formulate the problem statement to decide what you want to find out
about.

d. provide for the collection of relevant information with minimal cost,

effort and time.

109. In preparing for the research design, the researcher should consider

a. objectives of the research study.

b. methods used for data collection.

c. source of information.

d. data analysis

e. all the above.

110. In carrying out the research design step considering IT fields, the
researcher should
a.- consider only pure technical issues.

b- consider other non-technical issues.

c- must have primary data secondary data.

d- use only observation methods in collecting data.

111- For primary data collection, several methods are usually considered
such as

a- observation, survey and experimental.

b- structured, unstructured.

c- direct, indirect.

d- none of the above.

112- The limitation of the observation data collection methods is that

a- they do not deploy a means to measure certain attitudes.

b- they do not deploy a means to measure certain behaviors and are

expensive.

c- sometimes people may not be interested in help and just give any data.

d- none of the above.

113- In comparison, the most cost effective data collection method is

usually

a- observation methods.

b- survey methods.

c- experimental methods.
d- research methods.

114- The limitation of the survey data collection methods is that

a- they do not deploy a means to measure certain attitudes.

b- they do not deploy a means to measure certain behaviors and are

expensive.

c- people may not be interested in help and just give any data.

d- none of the above.

115- Experimental research is appropriate when

a- the proof that is sought is to see the effect of certain variables over
other variables.

b- it is necessary to get at facts first hand and their resources.

c- doing certain things is required to stimulate the production of desired

goals.

d- none of the above.

116- When selecting a sample for the “sample design”, the sample
represent

a- the whole possible set.

b- a segment of the whole selected at random.

c- a segment of the whole that best represent the set.

d- the whole set.

117- Ethical concerns should be considered in data collection that involves
people, which include

a- avoiding bias.

b- using inappropriate research methodology.

c- incorrect reporting.

d- inappropriate use of information.

e- all the above.

118- In analyzing data step of the research process, operations are

involved in the following sequence

a- tabulation, classification and editing.

b- classification, editing and tabulation.

c- tabulation, editing and classification.

d- none of the above.

119- Editing is an operation carried in the analysis of data step of the

research process, in involve

a- arranging data in groups on the basis of common characteristics.

b- examining the collected raw data to detect errors and correct them.

c- summarizing raw data and displaying them in compact form for further
analysis.

d- all the above.

120- Classification is an operation carried in the analysis of data step of

the research process, in involve
a- arranging data in groups on the basis of common characteristics.

b- examining the collected raw data to detect errors and correct them.

c- summarizing raw data and displaying them in compact form for further
analysis.

d- all the above.

121- Tabulation is an operation carried in the analysis of data step of the

research process, in involve

a- arranging data in groups on the basis of common characteristics.

b- examining the collected raw data to detect errors and correct them.

c- summarizing raw data and displaying them in compact form for further
analysis.

d- all the above.

122- In classification of the analyzed data, the research would usually try
to

a- use simple classification.

b- use manifold classification.

c- use class-interval classification.

d- any of the above based on needs.

123- In tabulation is considered essential in analyzing data research step

because

a- it facilitates comparison, conserves space and provides basis for

statistical computations.
b- it arranges data in rows and columns for further editing.

c- it uses manifold or intervals which are much easier to work with.

d- all the above.

124- In qualitative data analysis, the following steps are usually followed
in this order:

a- identify codes, assign themes, classify responses and then integrate.

b- identify main themes, assign codes, classify responses and then

integrate.

c- integrate data, identify themes with suitable codes and then classify.

d- none of the above.

125- The quantitative data analysis are most suitable for

a- large well-designed & managed surveys.

b- theme accurately represent sample.

c- preforming content analysis.

d- none of the above.

126- The process of “Content Analysis” means

a- statistical analysis of the collected “contents” based on responses.

b- analyzing the contents in order to count the number of answers and

have conclusions.

c- analysis of the interview contents to identify main themes based on

responses.

d- none of the above.

127- The generalization and interpretation research process step depends
highly on

a- the content analysis performed.

b- research field and researcherʼs work.

c- theory and procedures used in the field.

d- the intended conclusions.

e- all the above.

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