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IP Source Routing

IP source routing allows a packet sender to specify the route a packet takes to its destination. It was originally intended for hosts without proper default routes. The Layer 3 switch supports both strict and loose source routing by default and forwards source-routed packets. A source-routed packet lists the IP addresses of the router interfaces it must pass through.

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Vasit Singh
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66 views

IP Source Routing

IP source routing allows a packet sender to specify the route a packet takes to its destination. It was originally intended for hosts without proper default routes. The Layer 3 switch supports both strict and loose source routing by default and forwards source-routed packets. A source-routed packet lists the IP addresses of the router interfaces it must pass through.

Uploaded by

Vasit Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is IP source routing ?

Source routing is a feature of the IP protocol which allows the sender of a


packet to specify which route the packet should take on the way to its
destination (and on the way back). Source routing was originally designed
to be used when a host did not have proper default routes in
its routing table.
ip source-route

Enables forwarding of IP source-routed packets.


ip source-routeno ip source-route

The Layer 3 switch forwards both types of source-routed (strict and loose) packets by default.

Global configuration mode

A source-routed packet specifies the exact router path for the packet. The packet specifies the
path by listing the IP addresses of the router interfaces through which the packet must pass on
its way to the destination. The Layer 3 switch supports strict and loose types of IP source routing.

Transport Layer - OSI Model


The basic function of the Transport layer is to accept data from the layer above, split
it up into smaller units, pass these data units to the Network layer, and ensure that
all the pieces arrive correctly at the other end.
Furthermore, all this must be done efficiently and in a way that isolates the upper
layers from the inevitable changes in the hardware technology.
The Transport layer also determines what type of service to provide to the Session
layer, and, ultimately, to the users of the network. The most popular type of transport
connection is an error-free point-to-point channel that delivers messages or bytes
in the order in which they were sent.
The Transport layer is a true end-to-end layer, all the way from the source to the
destination. In other words, a program on the source machine carries on a
conversation with a similar program on the destination machine, using the message
headers and control messages.
Functions of Transport Layer
1. Service Point Addressing: Transport Layer header includes service point address
which is port address. This layer gets the message to the correct process on the

computer unlike Network Layer, which gets each packet to the correct computer.

2. Segmentation and Reassembling: A message is divided into segments; each

segment contains sequence number, which enables this layer in reassembling the

message. Message is reassembled correctly upon arrival at the destination and

replaces packets which were lost in transmission.

3. Connection Control: It includes 2 types:


o Connectionless Transport Layer : Each segment is considered as an

independent packet and delivered to the transport layer at the destination

machine.
o Connection Oriented Transport Layer : Before delivering packets, connection

is made with transport layer at the destination machine.

4. Flow Control: In this layer, flow control is performed end to end.

5. Error Control: Error Control is performed end to end in this layer to ensure that the

complete message arrives at the receiving transport layer without any error. Error

Correction is done through retransmission.

What TCP is used for


TCP is used for organizing data in a way that ensures the secure transmission
between the server and client. It guarantees the integrity of data sent over the
network, regardless of the amount. For this reason, it is used to transmit data from
other higher-level protocols that require all transmitted data to arrive. Examples
include:

 Secure Shell (SSH), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet: For peer-to-peer file
sharing, and, in Telnet's case, logging into another user's computer to access a
file.
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), Internet
Message Access Protocol (IMAP): For sending and receiving email

 HTTP: For web access

These examples all exist at the application layer of the TCP/IP stack and send data
downwards to TCP on the transport layer.

Why TCP is important


TCP is important because it establishes the rules and standard procedures for the
way information is communicated over the internet. It is the foundation for the
internet as it exists today and ensures that data transmission is carried out
uniformly, regardless of the location, hardware or software involved. For this
reason, it is flexible and highly scalable, meaning new protocols can be introduced
to it and it will accommodate them. It is also non proprietary, meaning no one
person or company owns it.

Location in the TCP/IP stack


The TCP/IP stack is a model that represents how data is organized and exchanged
over networks using the TCP/IP protocol. It depicts a series of layers that represent
the way data is handled and packaged by a series of protocols as it makes its way
from client to server and vice versa.

Features of TCP
 TCP is reliable protocol. ...
 TCP ensures that the data reaches intended destination in the same
order it was sent.
 TCP is connection oriented. ...
 TCP provides error-checking and recovery mechanism.
 TCP provides end-to-end communication.
 TCP provides flow control and quality of service.

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