A Project Report

On

Web Development

By

KOTA SRIKAR BABU

(18STUCHH010219)

Prepared in partial fulfilment of the

Internship Program –II Course

AT

(ARAWINZ SOFT SOLUTIONS, HYDERABAD)

An Internship Program - II station of

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, IFHE HYD

July- December 2021

1|Page
 Faculty of Science & Technology, IFHE University

Station: Arawinz soft Solutions Pvt Ltd Centre: Hyderabad

Duration: 1st July to 15th December Date of Start: 1-JULY-21

Date of Submission: Sep 05 2021

Title of the Work: Web Development

ID No./Name/ Discipline/of the student:

18STUCHH010219/K SRIKAR BABU/Computer Science Engineering

Name and designation of the expert:

Mr. CHETHAN P.S.S / Executive Director and Technical Manager

Name of the IP Faculty: Mr. CH. VENU GOPAL

Key Words:

Project Areas: Web Development

Abstract:

With the rapid development of technology, web development technology had become
more and more widespread. This paper firstly studied the web development technology,
described its key. As we know that now- a- days a variety of programming languages
used to teach fundamentals of programming in preparing apps, software’s etc. This was
done in order to get better understanding of the skills that are needed in the area of
website design and development.

Signature of Student(s) Signature of IP Faculty

2|Page
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This acknowledgement is a great way for us to express my gratitude and

respect to all those people who have guided, inspired and helped us for my

ongoing Internship. I owe my deep gratitude to our Intern ship guide Mr. P.S.

S Chethan Sir and Our Mentor Mr.Ch. Venu Gopal Sir, who took interest on

our Intern work and guided us all along, till the completion of our work by

providing all the necessary information for developing a good system.

Moreover, we thank this wonderful age of information to provide us with all

the resources we needed online to understand and execute said Work.

- KOTA SRIKAR BABU

3|Page
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. WEB DEVELOPING
⚫ Several Aspects Of Web Developing

⚫ Process

2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

⚫ Hardwares Required:

⚫ Softwares Required:

3. TOOLS

⚫ Introduction

⚫ Features

4. HTML
⚫ Introduction

⚫ What is the Web?

⚫ Versions Of HTML:

5. CSS
⚫ What Is CSS?

⚫ CSS Syntax:

⚫ Id Selector:

⚫ The class Selector:

4|Page
 ⚫ CSS Comments:

⚫ CSS Styles:

6. INTRODUCTION TO PHP:
⚫ What is PHP?

⚫ History of PHP:

⚫ Features of PHP:

⚫ A PHP code:

⚫ Install PHP:

7. MYSQL
⚫ Uses:

⚫ Features:

8. PHP/ MY SQL: WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

⚫ Why PHP?
⚫ Using PHP with a database system

⚫ Executing PHP commands

5|Page
 1. WEB DEVELOPING
Website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically
identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server. A
website may be accessible via a public Internet Protocol (IP) network, such as the
Internet, or a private local area network (LAN), by referencing a uniform resource
locator (URL) that identifies the site.

Websites can have many functions and can be used in various fashions; a website can
be a personal website, a commercial website for a company, a government website or
a non-profit organization website. Websites are typically dedicated to a particular
topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and social networking to providing news
and education. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World
Wide Web, while private websites, such as a company’s website for its employees,
are typically a part of an intranet.

Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a web site for
the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). Web development
can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most
complex webbased internet applications (or just‘web apps’) electronic businesses, and
social network services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web
development commonly refers, may include web engineering, web design, web
content development, client liaison, clientside/server-side scripting, web server and
network security configuration, and ecommerce development. Among web
professionals, “web development” usually refers to the main non-design aspects of
building web sites: writing markup and coding.

◆ Several Aspects Of Web Developing

Before developing a web site once should keep several aspects in mind like:
➢ What to put on the web site?
➢ Who will host it?
➢ How to make it interactive
➢ How to secure the source code frequently?
➢ Will the web site design display well in different browsers?

6|Page
 ➢ Will the navigation menus be easy to use?
➢ Will the web site loads quickly?
➢ How easily will the site pages print?

◆ Process
These are the steps considered while developing a webpage:

Fig 1- Web Developing Process

7|Page
 2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
◆ Hardwares Required

TABLE 1-HARDWARES REQUIRED

Number Description
1. Pentium 4 ,Window XP/Window7
2. 256 MB RAM

◆ Softwares Required
TABLE 2-SOFTWARES REQUIRED
Number Description
1. Windows XP ,7
2. Php 5.1
3. MySql
4. IIS server/ XAMPP
5. HTML/CSS/ JavaScript

8|Page
 3. TOOLS
◆ Introduction
The Translate and Edit application had been planned to consist of two parts-front-end
and back-end development. The front-end is the part of the web that you can see and
interact with (e.g. Client-side programming). While front-end code interacts with the
user in real time, the back-end interacts with a server to return user ready results. The
front-end is a combination of HTML,CSS and JavaScript coding. By using JavaScript,
modifications of the design of a web page can be made immediately, however only
temporary and visible only by the user.
Normally the user would not have rights to modify web content dynamically on the
server side. Logically, administrators are the ones who deal with back-end
modification of databases for example, as they often contain sensitive data which
should not be available to see or modify by the general public. These front-end and
back-end tools includes languages
like HTML,CSS,JavaScript ,PHP ,MYSQL etc.We will discuss all these languages in
brief as given below.

◆ Features
➢ Web Page Assests, Resources, and Network Information
➢ Profiing and Auditing

9|Page
 4. HTML
◆ Introduction
HTML (HyperText Mark-Up Language) is what is known as a "mark-up language"
whose role is to prepare written documents using formatting tags. The tags indicate
how the document is presented and how it links to other documents.
The World Wide Web (WWW for short), or simply the Web, is the worldwide
network formed by all the documents (called "web pages") which are connected to
one another by hyperlinks.
Web pages are usually organised around a main page, which acts as a hub for
browsing other pages with hyperlinks. This group of web pages joined by hyperlinks
and centred around a main page is called a website.
The Web is a vast living archive composed of a myriad of web sites, giving people
access to web pages that may contain formatted text, images, sounds, video, etc

◆ What is the Web?

The Web is composed of web pages stored on web servers, which are machines that
are constantly connected to the Internet and which provide the pages that users
request. Every web page, and more generally any online resource, such as images,
video, music, and animation, is associated with a unique address called a URL.The
key element for viewing web pages is the browser, a software program which sends
requests to web servers, then processes the resulting data and displays the information
as intended, based on instructions in the HTML page.
The most commonly used browsers on the Internet include:
➢ Mozilla Firefox,
➢ Microsoft Internet Explorer,
➢ Netscape Navigator,
➢ Safari,
➢ Opera

10 | P a g e
 ◆ Versions Of HTML:
HTML was designed by Tim Berners-Lee, at the time a researcher at CERN (Chinese
Ecosystem Research Network), beginning in 1989. He officially announced the
creation of the Web on Usenet in August 1991. However, it wasn't until 1993 that
HTML was considered advanced enough to call it a language (HTML was then
symbolically christened HTML 1.0).

RFC 1866, dated November 1995, represented the first official version of HTML,
called HTML 2.0. After the brief appearance of HTML 3.0, which was never
officially released, HTML 3.2 became the official standard on January 14, 1997. The
most significant changes to HTML 3.2 were the standardization of tables, as well as
many features relating to the presentation of web pages.
On December 18, 1997, HTML 4.0 was released. Version 4.0 of HTML was notable
for standardizing style sheets and frames. HTML version 4.01, which came out on
December 24, 1999, made several minor modifications to HTML

Example-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H5>THIS IS AN EXAMPLE</H5>
</BODY>
</HTML>

11 | P a g e
 5. CSS:
◆ What Is CSS?
➢ CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
➢ CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper,or in
other media .
➢ CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
➢ External stylesheets are stored in CSS files.
➢ CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed.
➢ CSS Saves a Lot of Work! The style definitions are normally saved in external .css
files.
➢ With an external stylesheet file, we can change the look of an entire website by
changing just one file!
➢ CSS can be either external or internal.

◆ CSS Syntax:
A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:
CSS selector: The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are
surrounded by curly braces.
The External CSS can be declared in the required HTML page as:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="CSS_file_name “.css”>
The External CSS file is saved by using the .css extension ,whereas the internal CSS
is saved in corresponding HTML file using the <style> tag. Using External CSS is
much better than using Internal . Here are a few reasons this is better.

12 | P a g e
 ➢ Easier Maintenance
➢ Reduced File Size
➢ Reduced Bandwidth
➢ Improved Flexibility
The selectors that can be used to select the HTML part are-
➢ Id selector
➢ Class selector

◆ Id Selector:
The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific
element.The id of an element should be unique within a page, so the id selector is
used to select one unique element! To select an element with a specific id, write a
hash (#) character, followed by the id of the element. The style rule below will be
applied to the HTML element with id="para1":
Example
Suppose the HTML content is as follow,
<h1 id=”para1”>content</h1>
Then Id will be declared as
#para1 {
text-align: center;
color:blue;
font-family:jokerman;
}

13 | P a g e
 ◆ The class Selector:
The class selector selects elements with a specific class attribute.
To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the
name of the
class.
Example
.para1
{
text-align: center;
color:blue;
font-family: Jokerman;
}

◆ CSS Comments:
Comments are used to explain the code, and may help when you edit the source code
at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers. A CSS comment starts with /* and
ends with */.
Comments can also span multiple lines.
Example-
.para1
{
text-align: center;
color:blue;
font-family: Jokerman; /*this is the single line comment */
}

14 | P a g e
 In the example above, all HTML elements with class=para1" will be blue andcenter-
aligned.

◆ CSS Styles:
➢ Background properties
➢ Border properties
➢ Padding
➢ Margin
➢ Color
➢ Font properties
➢ Text propertiesLink properties / Navigation bar properties

15 | P a g e
 6. INTRODUCTION TO PHP:
◆ What is PHP?
PHP is a open source, interpreted and object-oriented scripting language i.e. executed
at server side. It is used to develop web applications (an application i.e. executed at
server side and generates dynamic page).
➢ PHP stands for HyperText Preprocessor.
➢ PHP is a server side scripting language.
➢ PHP is an interpreted language, i.e. there is no need for compilation.
➢ PHP is an object-oriented language.
➢ PHP is an open-source scripting language.
➢ PHP is simple and easy to learn language.
◆ History of PHP:
PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. It was
initially developed for HTTP usage logging and server-side form generation iUnix.
PHP 2 (1995) transformed the language into a Server-side embedded scripting
language.Added database support,file uploads, variables, arrays, recursive functions,
conditionals,iteration,regular expressions, etc.
PHP 3 (1998) added support for ODBC data sources, multiple platform support, email
protocols (SNMP,IMAP), and new parser written by Zeev Suraski and Andi
Gutmans .
PHP 4 (2000) became an independent component of the web server for added
efficiency. The parser was renamed the Zend Engine. Many security feature were
added.
PHP 5 (2004) adds Zend Engine II with object oriented programming, robust XML
support using the libxml2 library, SOAP extension for interoperability with Web
Services, SQLite has been bundled with PHP.

16 | P a g e
 ◆ Features of PHP
There are given many features of PHP.
➢ Performance: Script written in PHP executes much faster then those scripts written
in other languages such as JSP & ASP.
➢ Open Source Software: PHP source code is free available on the web, you can
developed all the version of PHP according to your requirement without paying any
cost.
➢ Platform Independent: PHP are available for WINDOWS, MAC, LINUX & UNIX
operating system. A PHP application developed in one OS can be easily executed in
other OS also.
➢ Compatibility: PHP is compatible with almost all local servers used today like
Apache, IIS etc.
➢ Embedded: PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML tags and script.

FIG 2-FEATURES OF PHP

17 | P a g e
 ◆ A PHP code:
Note:= write HTML tags + PHP code and save this file with .php extension.
File: hello.php
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "<h2>Hello by PHP</h2>";
?>
23
</body>
</html>

◆ Install PHP:
To install PHP, use to install AMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP) software stack. It is
available for all operating systems. There are many AMP options available in the
market that are given below:
➢ WAMP for Windows
➢ LAMP for Linux
➢ MAMP for Mac(Macintosh)
➢ SAMP for Solaris
➢ FAMP for FreeBSD
➢ XAMPP (Cross, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl) for Cross Platform

18 | P a g e
 7. MYSQL:
MySQL ( My S-Q-L, or "My sequel" ) is a relational database management system
(RDBMS) which has more than 6 million installations. MySQL stands for "My
Structured Query Language". The program runs as a server providing multi-user
access to a number of databases.
◆ Uses
MySQL is used in web applications and acts as the database component of the LAMP
software stack. Its popularity for use with web applications is closely tied to the
popularity of PHP, which is often combined with MySQL. Several high-traffic web
sites (including Flickr, Facebook,Wikipedia, Google (though not for searches), Nokia,
Auctionmarts and YouTube) use MySQL for data storage and logging of user data.

◆ Features
➢ A broad subset of ANSI SQL 99, as well as extensions
➢ Cross-platform support
➢ Stored procedures
➢ Triggers
➢ Cursors
➢ Strict mode
➢ Updatable Views
➢ Query caching
➢ Sub- SELECTs (i.e. nested SELECTs)
➢ Replication with one master per slave, many slaves per master, no automatic
support for
multiple masters per slave.

19 | P a g e
 8. PHP/ MYSQL : WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
PHP and MySQL are two leading open-source scripting and database technologies for
web designers today. They run on both linux and windows servers so your web host
most likely supports it. With the advent of PH5, PHP language has evolved to be an
object oriented programming language enabling more robust and standards based web
applications..
Community websites leverages both PHP and MYSQL to build rich database driven
dynamic and interactive websites and website applications. Our services include PHP
and MySQL web development, open source shopping carts, PHP, MySQL offshore
development and PHP programming services. We have a team of experienced coders
dedicated to work on any php/mysql project and have it delivered on time, per your
specifications.
PHP (or PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language that is used
to create dynamic web pages that can interact with databases. It is a widely-used open
source language that is specifically used for web application development and can be
embedded within HTML.

◆ Why PHP?
The distinguishing feature of PHP is that the scripting code is executed on the server,
which generates HTML that is sent back to the client. The client receives the result of
executing the script without knowing the underlying code. Developers can configure
the web server to process all the HTML files (containing the PHP script)

◆ Using PHP with a database system

PHP, as a scripting language, is popular among web developers because of its ability
to interact with database systems including Oracle and MySQL.This article discusses
the use of PHP scripting
language with the MySQL database. Any website can require a variety of data or
information to display and to retrieve them from the database. This can include
display of a simple list to the running of the website based on data stored in the
database.

20 | P a g e
 Listed below are some examples where PHP and MySQL can be used together:
➢ Digital Ad banners, where the PHP script can be used to retrieve a digital banner
from the database, which then selects a random banner from its table records and
sends it back to the calling script. The PHP script can also maintain a count of banner
views and clicks from the website.
➢ Internet forums or digital boards, which use PHP and MySQL to store and retrieve
user messages.
➢ Website designing, where the design of an entire website can be changed using a
couple of PHP scripts, instead of changing and uploading each web page. The PHP
script can access the MySQL database to retrieve all information about the web page.
SQLi command embedded in PHP :As given in figure-3,we can insert SQL
commands in PHP script

FIG3- SQLi command embedded in PHP

21 | P a g e
 The command used to display the firstname:
<?php echo $lastname; ?>
The output webpage would be:

◆ Executing PHP commands

After configuring and connecting to the MySQL database, you can start executing
PHP commands on the server.Following are the 2 methods of executing a PHP
commandEntering the command in PHP using the following syntax:
Mysql_query($query)
This form of command can be used to repeat the command simply by changing the
variable.Defining the command as a variable. The result of the operation will be
assigned to the variable

22 | P a g e
 CONCLUSION:
This Project has been an excellent and rewarding experience. I can conclude that there
have been a lot I’ve learnt from my project . Needless to say, the technical aspects of
the work I’ve done are not flawless and could be improved provided enough time.I
believe my time spent inresearch and discovering new languages was well worth it
and contributed to finding an acceptable solution to an important aspect of web design
and development.
Working with web development languages has increased my interest in them.

23 | P a g e