CH 7. Permutation and Combination (Math +1)
CH 7. Permutation and Combination (Math +1)
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 2
the two jobs can be performed in (m + n) ways.
n!
(n r )!
2. SOME BASIC ARRANGEMENTS AND SELECTIONS
= nPr.
2.1 Combinations
So, the total no. of arrangements (permutations) of n-
Each of the different selections made by taking some or all
distinct items, taking r at a time is nPr or P(n, r).
of a number of distinct objects or items, irrespective of
2. The number of all permutations (arrangements) of n
their arrangements or order in which they are placed, is
distinct objects taken all at a time is n!.
called a combination.
3. The number of ways of selecting r items or objects from
2.2 Permutations a group of n distinct items or objects, is
Each of the different arrangements which can be made by
n!
taking some or all of a number of distinct objects is called n Cr .
(n r )!r!
a permutation.
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION 3
(i) Out of n non-concurrent and non-parallel straight 5.1 Division of items into groups of unequal sizes
n
lines, points of intersection are C2.
1. The number of ways in which (m + n) distinct items
(ii) Out of ‘n’ points the number of straight lines are can be divided into two unequal groups containing
(when no three are collinear) nC2 .
(iii) If out of n points m are collinear, then No. of straight m n !.
m and n items, is
m!n!
lines = nC2 – mC2 + 1
(iv) In a polygon total number of diagonals out of n points
2. The number of ways in which (m+ n+ p) items can be
n (n 3) divided into unequal groups containing m, n, p items, is
(no three are collinear) = nC2 – n .
2
m n p !.
(v) Number of triangles formed from n points is nC3 . m + n + p
Cm . n + pCm = m!n ! p!
(when no three points are collinear)
m 1
mn ! 1
(m r )(n r); (m n )
r 1
n!m m !
(i) The total number of ways of dividing n identical items
1. The number of mutually distinguishable permutations among r persons, each one of whom, can receive 0, 1,
of n things, taken all at a time, of which p are alike of 2, or more items ( n), is n + r – 1Cr – 1.
one kind, q alike of second kind such that p + q = n, is OR
The total number of ways of dividing n identical objects
n! into r groups, if blank groups are allowed, is n + r – 1Cr – 1.
p!q! (ii) The total number of ways of dividing n identical items
among r persons, each of whom, receives at least one
item is n – 1Cr – 1.
2. The number of permutations of n things, of which p
OR
are alike of one kind, q are alike of second kind and
The number of ways in which n identical items can
be divided into r groups such that blank groups are
n!
remaining all are distinct, is . Here p + q n not allowed, is n – 1Cr – 1.
p!q!
(iii) The number of ways in which n identical items can
be divided into r groups so that no group contains
3. The number of permutations of n things, of which p1 less than k items and more than m (m < k) is
are alike of one kind; p2 are alike of second kind; p3 are The coefficient of xn in the expansion of
alike of third kind; ..... ; pr are alike of rth kind such that (xm + xm + 1 + . . . . xk)r
Consider the eqn. x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + . . . .+ xr = n ...(i)
4. Suppose there are r things to be arranged, allowing
where x1, x2,. . . . ., xr and n are non–negative integers.
repetitions. Let further pl, p2, ...., pr be the integers such This equation may be interpreted as that n identical objects
that the first object occurs exactly p1 times, the second are to be divided into r groups.
(n1 + 1)(n2 + 1)(n3 + 1). . . . .(nk + 1) – 2.
1. The number of ways of selecting one or more items from a
3. The sum of all divisors of (1) is given by
group of n distinct items is 2n – 1.
Proof : Out of n items, 1 item can be selected in nCl
p n 1 1 1 p n 2 1 1 p n 3 1 1 p n k 1 1
3
n
ways; 2 items can be selected in C2 ways; 3 items can 1
2
....
k
.
1p 1 2p 1 3p 1 p k 1
be selected in nC3 ways and so on......
Hence, the required number of ways
12. DEARRANGEMENTS
= nC1 + nC2 + nC3 + . . . . + nCn
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example – 1 Example – 3
The flag of a newly formed forum is in the form of three Find the number of different signals that can be generated
blocks, each to be coloured differently. If there are six by arranging at least 2 flags in order (one below the other)
different colours on the whole to choose from, how many on a vertical staff, if five different flags are available.
such designs are possible ?
Sol. Since a signal may consist of either 2 flags, 3 flags, 4 flags
Sol. Since there are six colours to choose from, therefore, first or 5 flags. Therefore,
block can be coloured in 6 ways. After choosing first block
Total number of signals = Number of 2 flags signals
second and third can be choosen in 5 and 4 ways
respectively. + Number of 3 flags signals
Hence, by the fundamental principle of multiplication, the
number of flag-designs is 6×5×4 = 120. + Number of 4 flags signals
Example – 2
+ Number of 5 flags signals
Find the number of 4 letter words, with or without = 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 × 3 + 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 + 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
meaning, which can be formed out of the letters of the
= 20 + 60 + 120 + 120 = 320
word ROSE, when
Example – 4
(i) the repetition of the letters is not allowed.
(ii) the repetition of the letters is allowed. Find the total number of ways of answering 5 objective
type questions, each question having 4 choices.
Sol. (i) The total number of words is same as the number of
Sol. Since each question can be answered in 4 ways. So, the
ways of filling in 4 vacant places by the 4 letters.
total number of ways of answering 5 questions is
The first place can be filled in 4 different ways by any one 4×4×4×4×4 = 45.
of the 4 letters R, O, S, E. Since the repetition of letters is Example – 5
not allowed. Therefore, the second, third and fourth place
How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such
can be filled in by any one of the remaining 3, 2, 1 different
that at least one of their digits is 7 ?
ways respectively.
Sol. Clearly, a number between 100 and 1000 has 3-digits
Thus, by the fundamental principle of counting the required Total no. of 3-digit nos having atleast one of their digits as 7
= (3digit nos) - (3-digit no. in which 7 does not appear)
number of ways is 4×3×2×1 = 24.
Total number of 3-digit number = 9×10×10 = 900.
Hence, required number of words = 24.
Total no. of 3-digit no. in which 7 does not appear at all :
(ii) If the repetition of the letters is allowed, then each of the 4 We have to form 3-digit nos by using the digits 0 to 9, except 7.
vacant places can be filled in succession in 4 different ways. So, hundred’s place can be filled in 8 ways and each of the
ten’s and one’s place can be filled in 9 ways.
Hence, required number of words = 4×4×4×4 = 256. So, required ways = 8×9×9 = 648
Hence, total number of 3-digit numbers having at least
one of their digits as 7 is 900 – 648 = 252.
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION 7
Example – 6 Example – 10
Example – 7 (ii) If four points are collinear
Required no. of triangles = 10C3 – 4C3 = 120 – 4 = 116
How many numbers divisible by 5 and lying between
(because selection of 3 collinear point does not make a triangle.)
4000 and 5000 can be formed from the digits 4, 5, 6, 7
and 8. Example – 11
6! 5! 7! In how many ways can 5 students be selected out of 11
3! (6 3) ! 3!(5 3) ! 3!(7 3) ! = 7000 students if
(i) 2 particular students are included ?
Example – 9 (ii) 2 particular students are not included ?
Sol. Required number of ways. 9! 9 8 7 6!
112 C52 9 C3 = 84
3!6! 3 2 6!
= 6C3 × 5C2
(ii) 2 particular student are not included then reqd no. of ways
6! 5!
3!(6 3) ! 2! (5 2) ! = 20 × 10 = 200 11C3
11! 1110 9 8!
= 11 × 15 = 165
3!8! 3 2 8!
8 PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Example – 13 Example – 17
How many different signals can be made by 5 flags from In how many ways 5 boys and 3 girls can be seated in a
8 flags of different colours ? row so that no two girls are together ?
Example – 15 (i) No two girls may sit together.
(ii) All the girls sit together and all the boys sit together.
How many 4-letter words, with or without meaning, can
(iii) All the girls are never together.
be formed out of the letters of the word, ‘LOGARITHMS’,
if repetition of letters is not allowed ? Sol. (i) 5 boys can be seated in a row in 5P5 = 5! ways. Now, in
the 6 gaps 5 girls can be arranged in 6P5 ways.
Sol. There are 10 letters in the word ‘LOGARITHMS’.
Hence, the number of ways in which no two girls sit together
So, the number of 4 - letter word = 10C4 × 4! = 10P4 = 5040
= 5! × 6P5 = 5! × 6!
Example – 16 (ii) The two groups of girls and boys can be arranged in 2!
ways. 5 girls can be arranged among themselves in 5! ways.
How many different words can be formed with the letters
Similarly, 5 boys can be arranged among themselves in 5!
of the word EQUATION so that
ways. Hence, by the fundamental principle of counting,
(i) the words begin with E ? the total number of requisite seating arrangements
(ii) the words begin with E and end with N ? = 2! (5! × 5!) = 2 (5!)2.
(iii) The total number of ways in which all the girls are never
Sol. Clearly, the given word contains 8 letters out of which 5
together
are vowels and 3 consonants.
= Total number of arrangements
(i) Since all words must begin with E. So, we fix E at the first
– Total number of arrangements in which all the girls are
place. So, total number of words = 7P7 = 7 !
always together
(ii) Since all words must begin with E and end with N. So, we
= 10! – 5! × 6!
fix E at the first place and N at the last place.
Hence, the required number of words = 6P6 = 6!
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION 9
Example – 19 Example – 22
Five boys and five girls form a line with the boys and (i) How many different words can be formed with
girls alternating. Find the number of ways of making the the letters of the word HARYANA ?
line. (ii) How many of these begin with H and end with N ?
Sol. 5 boys can be arranged in a line in 5P5 = 5! ways. Since the (iii) In how many of these H and N are together ?
boys and girls are alternating. So, corresponding each of
the 5! ways of arrangements of 5 boys we obtain 5 places Sol. (i) There are 7 letters in which 3 are alike
marked by cross as shown below : 7! 7!
So, total number of words 840 .
(i) B1 × B2 × B3 × B4 × B5 × (ii) × B1 × B2 × B3 × B4× B5. 3!1!1!1!1! 3!
(ii) After fixing H in first place and N in last place, we have 5
Clearly, 5 girls can be arranged ir 5 places marked by cross letters out of which three are alike
in (5 ! + 5!) ways. 5!
So, total number of words 20 .
Hence, the total number of ways of making the line 3!
(iii) If H and N together we have 6 letters out of which 3 are
= 5! × (5! + 5!) = 2 (5!)2.
6!
alike.These 6 letters can be arranged in ways. But H and
Example – 20 3!
N can be arranged amongst themselves in 2! ways.
How many five-letter words containing 3 vowels and 2 6!
Hence, the requisite number of words × 2! = 120 × 2 = 240.
consonants can be formed using the letters of the word 3!
‘EQUATION’ so that the two consonants occur together ? Example – 23
Sol. There are 5 vowels and 3 consonants in the word How many different words can be formed by using all
‘EQUATION’ 3 vowels out of 5 and 2 consonants out of 3 the letters of the word ‘ALLAHABAD’ ?
can be chosen in 5C3 × 3C2 ways. As consonants occur (i) In how many of them vowels occupy the even
positions?
together, Considering 2 consonants as one letter, we have
(ii) In how many of them both L do not come together ?
4 letters which can be arranged in 4! ways. But two
consonants can be put together in 2! ways. Therefore, 5 Sol. There are 9 letters in the word ‘ALLAHABAD’ out of
which 4 are A’s, 2 are L’s and the rest are all distinct.
letters in each group can be arranged in 4! × 2! ways.
The required no. of words = (5C3 × 3C2) × 4!×2!=1440. 9!
So, the requisite number of words 7560 .
4! 2!
Example – 21
(i) Four A’s will occupy four even places in 1 way. Now, we
are left with 5 places and 5 letters, of which two are alike
How many words with or without meaning, each 2 of
vowels and 3 consonants can be formed from the letters 5!
(2 L’s) and other distinct, can be arranged in ways.
2!
of the word DAUGHTER ?
Example – 24 Example – 25
How many four–letter words can be formed using the In how many ways 4 letters can be selected from the letters
letters of the word INEFFECTIVE ? of the word INEFFECTIVE ?
* 1 group of 2 alike letters can be selected from 3 sets of 2
2. 2 alike, 2 alike :
alike letters (EE, FF, II) in 3C1 ways.
Two sets of 2 alike can be selected from 3 sets (EE, II, FF)
in 3C2 ways. * 2 different letters can be selected from 6 different (C, T, N,
4! V, remaining 2 sets of two letters alike) in ways.
No. of words = 3C2 × 2! 2! 18
The number of ways to select “2 alike and 2 different letters”
3C × 6C = 3 × 15 = 45 ...(ii)
3. 2 alike, 2 different : 1 2
4! * All different letters can be selected from 7 different letters
No. of words = 45 × = 540
2! (I, E, F, N, C, T, V) in 7C4 ways.
= 1 + 3 + 45 + 35 = 84.
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION 11
Example – 26 Example – 28
In how many ways can a cricket team be selected from a In how many ways can 7 departments be divided among 3
group of 25 players containing 10 batsmen 8 bowlers, ministers such that every minister gets at least one and
5 all –rounders and 2 wicketkeepers ? Assume that the atmost 4 departments to control ?
team of 11 players requires 5 batsmen, 3 all–rounders.
2–bowlers and 1 wicketkeepeer. Sol. The ways in which we can divide 7 departments among 3
ministers such that each minister gets atleast 1 and atmost 4.
Sol. Divide the selection of team into four operation. S.No. M1 M2 M3
1 4 2 1
I : Selection of batsman can be done (5 from 10) in 10C5 ways.
2 2 2 3
II : Selection of bowlers can be done (2 from 8) in 8C2 ways. 3 3 3 1
III : Selection of all–rounders can be done (3 from 5) in 5C3 Note : If we have a case (2, 2, 3), then there is no need to
make cases (3, 2, 2) or (2, 3, 2) because we will include
ways. them whem we apply distribution formula to distribute ways
of division among ministers.
IV : Selection of wicketkeeper can be done (1 from 2) in 2C1
Case I : We divide 7 departements among 3 ministers in
ways. number 4, 2, 1 i.e. unequal division. As any minister can
the team can be selected in = 10C5 × 8C2 × 5C3 × 2C1 ways get 4 departments, any can get 2 any can get 1 department,
we should apply distribution formula.
Example – 27 7
3! 630 ....(i)
4 2 1
A mixed doubles tennis game is to be arranged from 5 Case II : It is ‘equal as well as unequal’ division. As any
married couples. In how many ways the game be arranged minister can get any number of departments, we use
complete distribution formula.
if no husband and wife pair is included in the same game ?
we get :
Number of ways to divide departments in number 2, 2, 3,
Sol. To arrange the game we have to do the following operations.
7 1
(i) Select two men from 5 men in 5C2 ways. 3! 630 ....(ii)
2 2 3 2
(ii) Select two women from 3 women excluding the wives of
Case III : It is also ‘equal as well as unequal’ division. As
the men already selected. This can be done in 3C2 ways. any minister can get any number of departments, we use
complete distribution of formula.
(iii) Arrange the 4 selected persons in two teams. If the selected
we get :
men are M1 and M2 and the selected women are W1 and
Number of ways to divide and distribute in number 3, 3, 1
W2, this can be done in 2 ways :
7 1
M1W1, play against M2W2 2
3! 420 ....(iii)
3 1 2 2
M2W1 play against M1W2
Combining (i), (ii) and (iii), we get number of ways to
Hence the number of ways to arrange the game divide 7 departments among 3 minister
= 630 + 630 + 420 = 1680 ways.
= 5C2 3C2 (2) = 10 × 3 × 2 = 60
12 PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Example – 29 Example – 32
Find the exponent of 2 in 50 ! ?
In how many ways 6 letters can be placed in 6 envelopes
such that
50 50 50 50 50
Sol. E 2 50! 2 3 4 5 (a) No letter is placed in its corresponding envelope.
2 2 2 2 2
(b) at least 4 letters are placed in correct envelopes.
= 25 + 12 + 6 + 3 + 1 = 47. (c) at most 3 letters are placed in wrong envelopes.
Example – 30
Sol. (a) Using dearrangement theorem.
Find the sum of all five–digit numbers that can be formed
using digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if repetition is not allowed ? Number of ways to place 6 letters in 6 envelopes such that
all are placed in wrong envelopes.
Sol. There are 5! = 120 five digit numbers and there are 5 digits.
Hence by symmetry or otherwise we can see that each digit
1 1 1 1
will appear in any place 6 1 ....
1 2 3 6
5!
(unit’s or ten’s or . . . . . .) times.
5 = 360 – 120 + 30 – 6 + 1 = 265
X = sum of digits in any place (b) Number of ways to place letters such that at least 4
5! 5! 5! 5! 5! letters are placed in correct envelopes
X 5 4 3 2 1
5 5 5 5 5 = 4 letters are placed in correct envelopes and 2 are
in wrong + 5 letters are placed in correct envelopes and 1
5! 5!
X 5 4 3 2 1 15
5 5 in wrong + All 6 letters are placed in correct envelopes
the sum of all numbers = 6C4 × 1 + 0 (not possible to place 1 in wrong envelope) +
= X + 10X + 100X + 1000X + 10000X
65
= X (1 + 10 + 100 + 1000 + 10000) 1 1 16
2
5!
(15)(1 + 10 + 100 + 1000 + 10000) (c) Number of ways to place 6 letters in 6 envelopes such
5
that at most 3 letters are placed in wrong envelopes = 0
= 24 (15) (11111) = 3999960
letter is wrong envelope and 6 in correct + 1 letter in wrong
Example – 31
envelope and 5 in correct 2 letters in wrong envelopes and
Find the number of ways in which 8 different flowers 4 are in correct + 3 letters in wrong envelopes and 3 in
can be strung to form a garland so that 4 particular flowers correct = 1 + 0 (not possible to place 1 in wrong envelope)
are never separated.
1 1 1
Sol. Considering 4 particular flowers as one group of flower, we + 6C4 × 1 + 6C3 3 1
1 2 3
have five flowers (one group of flowers and remaining four
4!
flowers) which can be strung to form a garland in ways.
2 6 5 6 5 4 3 3
= 1
But 4 particular flowers can be arranged themselves in 4! 2 6 2 3
4! 4!
ways. Thus, the required number of ways = = 288. = 1 + 15 + 20 × 2 = 56.
2
PERMUTATION
13 AND COMBINATION 13
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Example – 33 Example – 34
Find the number of ways in which 30 marks can be alloted In a box there are 10 balls, 4 red, 3 black, 2 white and 1
to 8 questions if each question carries atleast 2 marks. yellow. In how many ways can a child select 4 balls out
of these 10 balls ? (Assume that the balls of the same
colour are identical)
Sol. Let x1, x2, x3, x4,. . . . . . . x8 be marks alloted to 8 questions.
As total marks is 30, we can make following integral Sol. Let x1, x2, x3 and x4 be the number of red, black, white,
equation : yellow balls selected respectively
41. The maximum number of points of intersection of 7 straight
A
lines and 5 circles when 3 straight lines are parallel and 2
circles are concentric, is/are :
(a) 106 (b) 96
(c) 90 (d) None of these
B C n
Cr × r!
(a) 331 (b) 408 42. The number of ways in which 5 boys and 3 girls can be
(c) 710 (d) 711 seated in a row so that each girl in between two boys
(a b c d)! (a 2b 3c d)!
7 (a) (b) 2 3
(a) 2 2 (b) 6 a!b!c! a! b! c!
(a 2b 3c d)!
6 (c) (d) none of these
(c) (d) none of these a!b!c!
2
56. If all permutations of the letters of the word AGAIN are
50. The number of permutation of the letters of the word arranged as in dictionary, then fiftieth word is
HINDUSTAN such that neither the pattern ‘HIN’ nor ‘DUS’
(a) NAAGI (b) NAGAI
nor ‘TAN’ appears, are :
(c) NAAIG (d) NAIAG
(a) 166674 (b) 169194
57. If all the letters of the word “QUEUE” are arranged in all
(c) 166680 (d) 181434
possible manner as they are in a dictionary, then the rank of
51. Number of ways in which letters of the word ENGINEER can the word QUEUE is :
be arranged : th th
(a) 15 (b) 16
(a) so that no two alike letters are together is 960 th th
(c) 17 (d) 18
(b) so that the word starts with E but does not end with N is
58. The letters of word “RADHIKA” are permuted are arranged
900
in alphabetical order as in English dictionary. The number
(c) so that the word neither starts with E nor ends with N is of words the appear before the word “RADHIKA” is :
2460
(a) 2193 (b) 2195
(d) so that vowels occur in alphabetical order is 840
(c) 2119 (d) 2192
52. The total number of arrangements which can be made out of
Formation of Groups
the letters of the word ‘Algebra’, without altering the relative
position of vowels and consonants is 59. The number of ways in which 52 cards can be divided into 4
sets, three of them having 17 cards each and the fourth one
7! 7! having just one card
(a) (b)
2! 2!5! 52 ! 52 !
(a) (b)
(17!)3 (17!)3 3!
4!3!
(c) 4 ! 3 ! (d)
2 51! 51!
(c) (d)
(17!)3 (17!)3 3!
18 PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
60. The number of ways in which 12 balls can be divided 67. If a,b,c,d are odd natural numbers such that a + b + c + d = 20,
between two friends, one receiving 8 and the other 4, is then the number of values of (a, b, c, d) is :
(a) 165 (b) 455
12! 12!2!
(a) (b) (c) 310 (d) 255
8!4! 8!4!
68. Number of ways in which 25 identical balls can be distributed
12! among Ram, shyam, Sunder and Ghanshyam such that at
(c) (d) none of these
8!4!2! least 1, 2, 3, and 4 balls are given to Ram, Shyam, Sunder and
61. In an election three districts are to be canvassed by 2, 3 and Ghanshyam respectively, is :
5 men respectively. If 10 men volunteer, the number of ways (a) 18 C4 (b) 28 C3
they can be alloted to the different districts is :
1. A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions in an 7. If the letters of the word SACHIN are arranged in all
examination such that he must choose at least 4 from the possible ways and these words are written out as in
first five questions. The number of choices available to dictionary, then the word SACHIN appears at serial
him is (2003) number (2005)
2. The number of ways in which 6 men and 5 women can dine 8. At an election, a voter may vote for any number of
at a round table, if no two women are to sit together, is candidates not greater than the number to be elected.
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION 21
1. A committee of 5 is to be chosen from a group of 9 people. 8. Total 5–digit number divisible by 4 can be formed using 0,
Number of ways in which it can be formed if two particular 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, when the repetition of digits is allowed
persons either serve together or not at all and two other (a) 1250 (b) 875
particular persons refuse to serve with each other, is
(c) 1620 (d) 1000
(a) 41 (b) 36
9. If the letters of the word MOTHER are arranged in all
(c) 47 (d) 76
possible orders and these words are written as in a
2. Seven different coins are to be divided amongst three dictionary, then the rank of the word MOTHER will be
persons. If no two of the persons receive the same number
(a) 240 (b) 261
of coins but each receives atleast one coin and none is left
over, then the number of ways in which the division may (c) 308 (d) 309
be made is : 10. The number of numbers divisible by 3 that can be formed
(a) 420 (b) 630 by four different even digits is :
(c) 710 (d) none of these (a) 18 (b) 36
3. Number of ways in which 7 people can occupy six seats, 3 (c) 20 (d) None of these
seats on each side in a first class railway compartment if
11. The number of possible outcomes in a throw of n ordinary
two specified persons are to be always included and dice in which at least one of the dice shows an odd number
occupy adjacent seats on the same side, is (5 !). k then k
is :
has the value equal to :
(a) 6n – 1 (b) 3n – 1
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) none of these (c) 6n – 3n (d) None of these
(a) 3
10 10
(b) 2 – 1 (c) 600 (d) None of these
10 10
(c) 3 – 1 (d) 2 15. The number of ways in which n different prizes can be
7. An ice cream parlour has ice creams in eight different distributed amongst m (< n) persons if each is entitled to
varieties. Number of ways of choosing 3 ice creams taking receive at most n – 1 prizes, is :
atleast two ice creams of the same variety, is : (a) nm – n (b) mn
(a) 56 (b) 64 (c) mn – m (d) None of these
(c) 100 (d) none of these
PERMUTATION
24 AND COMBINATION 24
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
c interior points on them respectively, then find the number
(c) n2 (d) None of these
of triangles that can be construced using these interior
points as vertices. 40. A bag contains 2 Apples, 3 Oranges and 4 Bananas. The
number of ways in which 3 fruits can be selected if atleast
(a) a + b + cC3
one banana is always in the combination (Assume fruit of
(b) a + b + cC3 – (aC3 + bC3 + cC3) same species to be alike) is :
(c) a + b + c + 3C3 (a) 6 (b) 10
(d) None of these (c) 29 (d) 7
34. Every one of the 10 available lamps can be switched on to 41. Find number of arangements of 4 letters taken from the
illuminate certain Hall. The total number of ways in which word EXAMINATION.
the hall can be illuminated, is :
(a) 2454 (b) 2500
(a) 55 (b) 1023
(c) 2544 (d) None of these
(c) 210 (d) 10!
42. The number of ways in which the sum of upper faces of
35. There are n different books and p copies of each in a four distinct dices can be six.
library. The number of ways in which one or more books
(a) 10 (b) 4
can be selected is :
(c) 6 (d) 7
(a) pn + 1 (b) (p + 1)n – 1
43. Total number of positive integral solution of
(c) (p + 1)n – p (d) pn
15 < x1 + x2 + x3 20 is equal to
(a) 1125 (b) 1150
(c) 1245 (d) None of these
26 PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
44. The number of subsets of the set A = {a1, a2, . . . . , an} 52. The minimum marks required for clearing a certain
which contain even number of elements is screening paper is 210 out of 300. The screening paper
(a) 2n – 1 (b) 2n – 1 consists of ‘3’ sections each of Physics, Chemistry, and
Maths. Each section has 100 as maximum marks. Assuming
(c) 2n – 2 (d) 2n
there is no negative marking and marks obtained in each
45. The number of ways of choosing triplets (x, y, z) such that section are integers, the number of ways in which a student
z max {x, y} and x, y, z {1, 2, . . . . , n} is can qualify the examinatin is (Assuming no cut–off limit) :
(a) n + 1C3 + n + 2 C3 (b) n (n + 1) (2n + 1) (a) 210C3 – 90C3 (b) 93C3
(c) 11 + 22 + . . . + (n – 1)2 (d) None of these (c) 213C3 (d) (210)3
46. The number of functions from the set A = {0, 1, 2} into the 53. The number of ways in which 10 candidates A1, A2, . . ., A10
set B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} such that f (i) f (j) for i < j and can be ranked so that A1 is always before A2 is :
i, j, A is
(a) 8C3 (b) 8C + 2 ( 8 C ) 10!
3 2 (a) (b) 8! × 10C2
2
(c) 10C3 (d) None of these
(c) 10P2 (d) 10C2
47. The integers from 1 to 1000 are written in order around a
circle. Starting at 1, every fifteenth number is marked (that 54. The number of ways of distributing 10 different books
is 1, 16, 31, etc.) This process is continued until a number among 4 students (S1 – S4) such that S1 and S2 get 2
is reached which has already been marked, then unmarked books each and S3 and S4 get 3 books each is :
numbers are (a) 12600 (b) 25200
(a) 200 (b) 400
10 !
(c) 600 (d) 800 (c) 10C4 (d) 2! 2! 3! 3!
48. The number of ways in which we can choose 3 squares of 55. The number of non–negative integral solutions of
unit area on a chess board such that one of the squares
has its two sides common to other two squares x1 + x2 + x3 + 4x4 = 20 is :
49. The number of times of the digits 3 will be written when 56. If a, b, c are three natural numbers in AP and
listing the integer from 1 to 1000 is : a + b + c = 21 then the possible number of values of the
ordered triplet (a, b, c) is :
(a) 269 (b) 300
(a) 15 (b) 14
(c) 271 (d) 302
(c) 13 (d) None of these
50. The total number fo six digit numbers x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 having
the property x1 < x2 x3 < x4 < x5 x6, is equal to : 57. If 3n different things can be equally distributed among 3
persons in k ways then the number of ways to divide the
(a) 11C6 (b) 16C2 3n things in 3 equal groups is :
(c) 17C2 (d) 18C2
k
51. The number of integral solutions of x1 + x2 + x3 = 0, with (a) k × 3! (b)
xi – 5, is : 3!
59. The number of different ways the letters of the word 65. The number of odd proper divisors of 3p . 6m . 21n is :
VECTOR can be placed in 8 boxes given below such that (a) (p + 1) (m + 1) (n + 1) – 2
no row remians empty is equal to :
(b) (p + m + n + 1) (n + 1) – 1
(c) (p + 1) (m + 1) (n + 1) – 1
(d) None of these
66. The number of rectangles excluding squares from a
rectangle of size 9 × 6 is :
(a) 945 (b) 791
(a) 26 (b) 26 × 6!
(c) 154 (d) 364
(c) 6! (d) 2! × 6!
67. In the figure, two 4–digit numbers are to be formed by
60. In the next world cup of cricket there will be 12 teams,
filling the places with digits. The number of different ways
divided equally in two groups. Teams of each group will
in which the places can be filled by digits so that the sum
play a match against each other. From each group 3 top
of the numbers formed is also a 4–digit number and in no
teams will qualify for the next round. In this round each
place the addition is with carrying is :
team will play against others once. Four top teams of this
round will qualify for the semifinal round, when each team
will play against the others once. Two top teams of this
round will go to the final round, where they will play the
best of three matches. The minimum number of matches in
the next world cup will be :
(a) 54 (b) 53
(a) 554 (b) 364
(c) 52 (d) None of these
(c) 454 (d) 36 (553)
61. The lines intersect at O. Points A1, A2 . . ., An are taken on
68. Given 11 points, of which 5 lies on one circle, other than
one of them and B1, B2, . . . , Bn on the other, the number of
these 5, no 4 lie on one circle. Then the maximum number
triangle that can be drawn with the help of these (2n + 1)
of circles that can be drawn so that each contains atleast
points is :
three of the given points is :
(a) n (b) n2
(a) 216 (b) 156
(c) n3 (d) n4
(c) 172 (d) none of these
62. ABCD is a convex quadrilateral 3, 4, 5 and 6 points are marked
69. One hundred management students who read at least one
on the sides, AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. The number
of the three business magazines are surveyed to study
of triangles with vertices on different sides is :
the readership pattern. It is found that 80 read Business
(a) 270 (b) 220 India, 50 read Business world, and 30 read Business Today.
(c) 282 (d) 342 Five students read all the three magazines. How many
63. There are three coplanar parallel lines. If any p points are read exactly two magazines ?
taken on each of the lines, the maximum number of triangles (a) 50 (b) 10
with vertices at these points is : (c) 95 (d) 25
(a) 3p2(p – 1) + 1 (b) 3p2(p – 1) 70. There are 100 different books in a shelf. Number of ways
(c) p2(4p – 3) (d) None of these in which 3 books can be selected so that no two of which
64. The number of divisors of 23 . 33 . 53 . 75 of the form are neighbours is :
100 97
4n + 1, n N is : (a) C3 – 98 (b) C3
96 98
(a) 46 (b) 47 (c) C3 (d) C3
(c) 96 (d) 94
28 PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
89. Which of the following statements are correct ? 92. The number of shortest routes which passes through
(a) Number of words that can be formed with 6 only of the junction P and R:
letters of the word “CENTRIFUGAL” if each word must (a) 144 (b) 240
contain all the vowels is 3 . 7 ! (c) 216 (d) none of these
(b) There are 15 balls of which some are white and the rest
Match the Column
black. If the number of ways in which the balls can be
arranged in a row, is maximum then the number of white 93. Column–I Column–II
m
balls must be equal to 7 or 8. Assume balls of the same (a) Number of increasing (p) n
colour to be alike. permutations of m symbols
(c) There are 12 things, 4 alike of one kind, 5 alike and of are there from the n set
another kind and the rest are all different. The total
numbers {a1, a2, ... , an} where
number of combinations is 240.
the order among the numbers is
(d) Number of selections that can be made of 6 letters from
the word “COMMITTEE” is 35. given by a1 < a2 < a3 < ... an–1 < an is
m
Passage (Q.No. 90 to 92) (b) There are m men and n monkeys. (q) Cn
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS