1.

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya
digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus Kata Sinyal Kalimat Positif Kalimat Negatif Kalimat Tanya

Does he work
always, every, never,
He does not work very hard in the
Subject + Verb 1 normally, often, He always works very
very hard in the company?
(present form) sometimes, usually, hard in the company
company. Yes, he does. /
seldom
No, he does not.

2.Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang
berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di
masa depan.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Is he playing
Subject +
at the moment, just He is not playing computer games at
am/is/are + Verb Look! He is talking
now, now, right now, computer games the moment?
-ing (continuous with his classmates.
Listen!, Look! now. Yes, he is. /      No, he
form)
is not.

3.Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang
berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Has he completed the
Subject +
already, ever, just, He has already arrangement for the coming
has/have+ Verb He has not been
never, not yet, so far, finished his event up to now?
III (past to Australia so far.
till now, up to now homework. Yes, he has. /    No, he has
participle form)
not.

4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk  mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai
pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut
sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya
dengan kondisi sekarang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + Has he been playing
for the past 5 years,
HAS/HAVE + He has been He has not been the computer game
how long …?, the
BEEN + Verb -ing working here since speaking for the all day?
whole week, since
(continuous 1996. last 3 hours. Yes, he has. /   No,
xxxx
form) he has not.
5.Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa
lampau.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Did he pay the bill
yesterday, 2 minutes He did not go to
Subject + Verb II Last year, he always yesterday? Yes, he
ago, in 1996, last school this
(past form) worked into night. did. /    No, he did
Thursday, this morning morning.
not.

6.Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada
waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian
menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang
menggunakan past continuous tense.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Was he writing the
Subject +
He was not doing letter to his parents
WAS/WERE + He was speaking
when, while, as long as, his homework at when I was out last
Verb -ing when I entered in
at this time yesterday this time Tuesday?
(continuous room.
yesterday. Yes, he was. / No, he
form)
was not.

7.Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum
waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Had he entered the

He had finished his He had not been a company before he
Subject + HAD + before yesterday, till
designs before he high school achieved his master
Verb III (past three days ago,
went to work student until last degree in 1990?
participle form) already, until that day
yesterday. year. Yes, he had. /   No,
he had not.

8.Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu
tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Had he been
He was told that
speaking for the
Subject + HAD + He said that he had his teacher had
for, since, the whole whole class before I
BEEN + Verb -ing been working here been waiting for
day, all day entered?
(continuous form) for ten years. him since 2 p.m
Yes, he had. / No, he
yesterday.
had not.
9.Simple Future Tense
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat
dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan
atau asumsi yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to”
merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He will not play Will he go to the
Subject + “WILL/
in a year, next …, He is going to be computer games cinema tomorrow
BE GOING TO” +
tomorrow, next week, journalist after he anymore because with us?
Verb (present
five days later graduate next year. he understand how Yes, he will. / No, he
form)
harmful they are. will not.

10. Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + He will not be

He will be delivering
“WILL/BE doing the task in Will he be playing football
tomorrow the speech to
GOING TO” + the office this next morning in the
morning, in one undergraduates at 3
“BE” + Verb afternoon playground?         Yes, he
year p.m tomorrow
(continuous because he is will./     No, he will not.
afternoon.
form) sick.

11. Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang akan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa
yang akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + “WILL He will not have Will he have finished
He will have
HAVE” + Verb II by next Monday, in a finished the given the task in a week?   
finished the task by
(past participle week task by tomorrow Yes, he will./    No,
next Monday.
form) evening. he will not.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense
merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi  sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Will he have been

Subject + “WILL He will have been He will not have
doing the research all
HAVE BEEN” + for the last couple of taking charge of the been doing the
day long?              Yes,
Verb III (past hours, all day long team for the next task for the last
he will./    No, he will
participle form) hour. couple of hours.
not.

 
13. Past Future Tense

Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana
terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He did not Did you tell him when I
Subject + He said that he
promise that he would arrive?             
“SHOULD/WOULD” + would leave in
would buy you a Yes, I did. /    No, I did
Verb (present form) three days.
new computer. not.

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi.
Sebagai tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Patt`ern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

I made a Did you say that
I did not tell anyone
Subject + promise that I you would be
that I would be giving a
“SHOULD/WOULD BE” would be doing working hard in the
speech to
+ Verb (continuous my homework next week?   Yes, I
undergraduates for the
form) all day long did /        No, I did
next whole morning.
tomorrow. not.

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future

e perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu tertentu di
masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan
biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He said that he
Did you say that you
Subject + He told the students that would not have
would have been a
“SHOULD/WOULD they should have made such a
doctor in three years?
HAVE BEEN” + Verb III finished the homework mistake if he
Yes, I did /  No, I did
(past participle form) this morning. had taken my
not.
advice.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu
dapat mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense
menekankan pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Would he have been
I heard that you I did not know that
Subject + explaining to the workers
should have been he would have
“SHOULD/WOULD if he had made the
teaching here for been working for
HAVE BEEN” + Verb information clear?
ten years by this the past three
(continuous form) Yes, he would / No, he
July. hours by that time.
would not.