FAKULTI SAINS GUNAAN

UNIVERISITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

CAWANGAN PAHANG KAMPUS JENGKA

PHY210-MECHANICS II AND THERMAL PHYSICS

SCIENTIFIC LAB REPORT

NAME: WAN NUR AYU SHALINA BINTI MOHD YUSNI

STUDENT ID: 2020472294

GROUP:AS1202A

EXPERIMENT TITLE:METHOD OF MIXTURES-SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

LECTURER: SIR NAZREE BIN AHMAD@MUHAMAD

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 30 APRIL 2021

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Declaration of Academic Honesty

Academic honesty or academic integrity is a very important virtue that all students should
uphold at all times.

I declare that the lab report submitted is not plagiarised and is entirely my own work, and
that no part of it has been copied from any work produced by other person(s)/ source(s) or
provided by any other student(s).

I understand that issuing a false declaration can result in severe penalties and I am willing to
be penalized if any form of copying found valid.
CONTENTS:

CONTENTS

1 FRONT PAGE

2 CONTENTS TABLE

3 OBJECTIVE

4 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

5 METHODOLOGY(DESCRIPTION)

6 METHODOLOGY(DRAWING)

7 DATA

8 ANALYSIS OF DATA

9 DISCUSSION

10 CONCLUSION

11 REFERENCES
OBJECTIVE:

To measure the specific heat capacity of Aluminium and Ferum blocks.

To calculate the percentage difference between the calculated specific heat capacity and its
theoretical value.

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

Aluminium block, ferum block, calorimeter set, thermometer, hot plate, 500 ml graduated
cylinder, 350 ml beaker, 500 ml beaker, 1 m thread, universal clamp .

METHODOLOGY(DESCRIPTION):

1. 300 ml of water was poured into a 500 ml beaker by using the graduated cylinder.
2. The water was heated until it boiled.
3. The mass of the Aluminium block was measured and recorded.
4. The Aluminium block was tied with 50 cm thread.
5. The Aluminium block was hanged by using the universal clamp and then, was heated
in the 500 ml beaker until the water boils.
6. The mass of the empty calorimeter with the stirrer was measured and recorded.
7. 200 ml of water was poured into the calorimeter.
8. The initial temperature of the calorimeter was then measured and recorded after 2
minutes.
9. The mass of the calorimeter with water was measured and recorded.
10.The temperature of the Aluminium block was measured and recorded after the water
started to boil.
11.The Aluminium block was pulled out of the boiled water and was then immersed in the
calorimeter.
12.The highest temperature of the system was measured and recorded before it started
falling while stirring the water.
13.Step 1 until 12 was repeated by using the Ferum block.

Siti S.S.A.A. (2020) , Lab Demonstration Video Part 1 and 2 .

METHODOLOGY (DRAWING):

FIGURE 1

Kent D. (2020) , Physic Notes ,Quantity of Heat .

DATA:

Result of experiment specific heat capacity:

PARAMETER Al Fe

Mass of metal (kg) 0.059 kg 0.060 kg

Mass of calorimeter with stirrer (kg) 0.376 kg 0.376 kg

Mass of calorimeter with stirrer + water (kg) 0.570 kg 0.570 kg

Mass of water (kg) 0.194 kg 0.194 kg

Initial temperature of calorimeter (C) 25.2 C 25.2 C

Temperature of metal (C) 99.4 C 99.3 C

Highest temperature of the system (C) 28.7 C 27.2 C

Specific heat capacity of metal (J/kg C) 967.61 J / 533.15 J /

kg C kg C

Specific heat capacity of water (J/kg C) 4200 J / 4200 J /

kg C kg C
ANALYSIS OF DATA:

a) Calculate the specific heat capacity of Al and Fe metal blocks.

-Aluminium metal

𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑚 (𝜃𝑖− 𝜃𝑓) = 𝑚𝑤 𝑐𝑤 (𝜃𝑓−𝜃𝑖) + mcal ccal (𝜃𝑓−𝜃𝑖)

(0.059 kg)(CAl)(99.4-28.7)C=(0.194 kg)(4200 J / kg C)(28.7-25.2)C +

(0.376 kg)(900 J / kg C)(28.7-25.2)C

(CAl)(4.1713 kg C)=(2851.8 J)+(1184.4 J)

(CAl)=4036.2 J / 4.1713 kg C

CAl= 967.61 J / kg C

-Ferrum metal

𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑚 (𝜃𝑖− 𝜃𝑓) = 𝑚𝑤 𝑐𝑤 (𝜃𝑓−𝜃𝑖) + mcal ccal (𝜃𝑓−𝜃𝑖)

(0.06 kg)(CFe)(99.3-27.2)C=(0.194 kg)(4200 J / kg C)(27.2-25.2)C +

(0.376 kg)(900 J / kg C)( 27.2-25.2)C

(CFe)(4.326 kg C)=(1629.6 J)+(676.8 J)

(CFe)=2306.4 J / 4.326 kg C)

CFe= 533.15 J / kg C

b) Calculate the percentage difference between your calculated specific heat capacity
and its theoretical value.

-Aluminium metal

% percentage difference = (E-A)/A . 100%

% = (967.61 - 900)J/kg C / 900 J/kg C .100%

= 7.51 %

-Ferrum metal

% percentage difference = (E-A)/A . 100%

% = (533.15 - 450)J/kg C / 450 J/kg C . 100%

= 18.48 %
DISCUSSION:

● The water must be stirred continuously at the end of the experiment before the
temperature reading is taken to make sure its temperature is uniform.

● Water is used in the experiment as a cooling system because water has a high
boiling point and a high specific heat capacity.

● The calculated specific heat capacity of both Aluminium and Ferum blocks was
higher than its theoretical value. This is because the experimental value of the
temperature rise ,𝜃 less than the expected temperature rise due to some heat loss to
the surroundings. The lower the temperature 𝜃, the higher the specific heat capacity
c.

Q=mc𝜃
Q/𝜃=mc
Q/m𝜃= c

● In order to avoid heat loss to the surrounding, the calorimeter should be placed in a
well-lagged vessel using wool or cork-material.

CONCLUSION:

● The specific heat capacity of Aluminium and Ferum blocks was higher than its
theoretical value which is 967.61 J/kg C and 533.15 J/kg C respectively.

● The change in temperature of the boiled water that contained the metals was
measured. Because it is an indirect measurement of the change in heat of the
metals.

● In this experiment, it shows that metal can absorb and dissipate the heat.

● It also shows that when two materials with different temperatures are in contact , the
heat will flow from higher temperature to the lower temperature until it reaches
equilibrium state.
REFERENCES:

-Kent D. (2020) , Physic Notes , Quantity of Heat , Retrieved from :

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.easyelimu.com%2Fhigh-scho
ol-notes%2Fphysics%2Fform-3%2Fitem%2F1086-quantity-of-heat&psig=AOvVaw0wsIsCev
D9dlLbDO6cqXIa&ust=1619774621804000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwo
TCJDiyabQo_ACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

-Siti S.S.A.A. (2020) , Lab Demonstration Video Part 1 , Retrieved from :

https://drive.google.com/file/d/16AvG0QavvrRGa2jxDnS50K-ILzzLj69R/view?usp=sharing

-Siti S.S.A.A. (2020) , Lab Demonstration Video Part 2 , Retrieved from :

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zHccG4wQXEMveehnJWVtTrw7ETFHbEXc/view?usp=shari
ng