MolGeom and IMFs

Pre-requisite: Mastery of L e w i s structures
Waiting r o o m
W e l c o m e t o S e s s i o n 4!
Molecular G e o m e t r y and
Intermolecular Fo rc e s
Instructors: Sticker Credits
Larrie Antoni Adaptar Jesus Cacacho Justin Bituin
Tristan Sacayanan Frances MarieCaballero
Molecular G e o met ry
• Three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule
• Geometry affectsproperties
E l e c t r o n s in t h e v a l e n c e s h e l l r e p e l o n e a n o t h e r
• Stay as far as possible to minimize repulsion forces
• Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model
M o l e c u l a r G e o m e t r y vs. E l e c t r o n G e o m e t r y
• Arrangement of bonded • Arrangement of bonded
atoms atoms +lone pairs
• bent • tetrahedral
“double, triple bonds can be considered as a singledomain”

V S E P R application TRY! BeCl2
a. Write the Lewisstructure
b. Count the electron domains TWO!
c. Predict geometry
d. Consider bond angle

(Ideal vs.actual) Linear
3 domains
TRY! BF3 CH2O SnCl2
a. Write the Lewis

structure
b. Count the electron three! three! three!

domains
122°
c. Predict geometry 116°

95°
d. Consider bond Trigonal planar Trigonal planar (MG) Bent

angle
(EG)Trigonal planar
(Ideal vs.actual) 120° <120°
<120°
Effects of double bonds
• Double bonds have higher electron density. It can repel
single bonds more strongly
Ef fe c t s o f l o n e - p a i r e l e c t r o n s
• Lone pairs are (1) closer and (2) interact solely with the central
atom thus, repelling bonding pairs more strongly.
• Compare lone-pair repulsion (LP) and bond-pair repulsion
(BP)
• LP-LP repulsion >LP-BP repulsion >BP-BP repulsion
4 domains
TRY! CH4 NH3 H2O
a. Write the Lewis
structure
b. Count the
electron four! four! four!
domains
c. Predict
geometry
d. Consider bond tetrahedral (MG) trigonalpyramidal (MG) Bent

angle 109.5° (EG)tetrahedral (EG) tetrahedral
(Ideal vs.actual) <109.5° <109.5°
5 domains
TRY! PCl5 SF4 BrF3 I3-
a. Write the Lewis
structure
b. Count the electron

domains
a. Predict geometry
Trigonal (MG) seesaw (MG) T-shape (MG) linear

b. Consider bond
angle bipyramidal (EG) Trigonal (EG) Trigonal (EG) Trigonal
bipyramidal bipyramidal bipyramidal
(Ideal vs.actual) (equatorial)120° (equatorial) <120° (equatorial) <120° (equatorial) 120°
(axial)90° (axial)<90° (axial)<90° (axial) 180°
6 domains
TRY! SF6 IF5 XeF4
a. Write the Lewis
structure
b. Count the electron

domains
a. Predict geometry
Octahedral (MG) Square (MG) square pyramidal

b. Consider bond
angle Pyramidal (EG) Octahedral
90°
(Ideal vs.actual) (EG) octahedral
90°
<90°
S h a p e o f m o l e c u l e s with m o r e than 1 c e n t ra l a t o m
• Analyze each central atom separately
C2H6 C2H6O
Watch out for resonance! Trigonal planar
• Predict the geometry using the hybrid of all resonance

structures
Dipole Moment
• Unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent
bond due to differences inelectronegativity
• Results in a partial separation of charge
• 𝑢 = 𝑄 × 𝑟 (Q= charge; r= distance)

Nonpolar molecules
• Do not have dipole moments.
Electrons are equally shared
• Symmetric polar bonds can be

nonpolar (no net dipole)
Polar molecules
• Bond moment is a vector quantity
(mmaaggnnituuddeeaannddddirreeccttioonn)
• Vector sum of bond moments
• Some molecules have the same

formula but different structure
Intermolecular F o r c e s of Attraction
• Attractive forces between molecules
• Responsible for the bulk properties of matter (boiling/melting)
• Generally weaker than intramolecular forces
• London dispersion forces

• Dipole-induced dipole
• Ion-induced dipole
• Dipole-dipole
• Hydrogen bonding
London dispersion forces
• Non-polar molecules
• Caused by instantaneous/temporary dipoles
forming as electrons constantly movearound.
• The more polarizable the atom,

the stronger the LDF
Dipole-induced dipole
• When a dipole affects the electron distribution of a nonpolar
molecule
Ion-induced dipole
• When an ion affects the electron distribution of a nonpolar
molecule
Dipole-dipole interactions
• polar molecules
• Caused by the interactions of dipoles
• Attractive forces of polar molecules
Hydrogen Bonding
• polar molecules
• Stronger type of dipole-dipole
interaction
• Happens when H is attached to
an electronegative atom (NOF)
P r o p e r t i e s o f liquids
• Surface tension
• The amount of force needed to stretch the surface of a liquid by a unit
area
• IMF attracts molecules from all sides. But for molecules on the top
layer, it only pulls them downward and sideward
The stronger IMF, the stronger the surface tension
P r o p e r t i e s o f liquids
• Capillarity
• Rising of water through a narrowspace
• Adhesion • Cohesion
• Liquid- wall • Liquid-liquid
interaction • Forms a convex
• Forms a concave meniscus
meniscus

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Pre-requisite: Mastery of L e w i s structures

“double, triple bonds can be considered as a singledomain”

a. Write the Lewisstructure

b. Count the electron domains TWO!

d. Consider bond angle

a. Write the Lewis

b. Count the electron three! three! three!

c. Predict geometry 116°

d. Consider bond Trigonal planar Trigonal planar (MG) Bent

d. Consider bond tetrahedral (MG) trigonalpyramidal (MG) Bent

b. Count the electron

Trigonal (MG) seesaw (MG) T-shape (MG) linear

b. Count the electron

Octahedral (MG) Square (MG) square pyramidal

• Analyze each central atom separately

• Predict the geometry using the hybrid of all resonance

• 𝑢 = 𝑄 × 𝑟 (Q= charge; r= distance)

• Symmetric polar bonds can be

• Some molecules have the same

• London dispersion forces

• The more polarizable the atom,

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