Universidad Nacional Experimental Marítima del Caribe

Vicerrectorado Académico
Coordinación de Idiomas
,
English VI. Maritime Engineering
Operations

Unit V. Deck Machinery Operating Procedures. General Deck Operations

Speaking, reading and writing
Did you know that…

A deck officer on board ship is responsible for a number of important jobs, apart from
handling ship’s navigation?
Write true or false
As a deck officer you are required…

1. to monitor the pressure and temperature of the jacket water cooling and maintain
them at optimum values _________

2. to monitor loading and discharging of the cargo as well as the maintenance and
primary upkeep of the ship. _________

3. to ensure that proper procedures and safe working practices are followed while
carrying out master’s order. _________

4. to know the importance of correct procedures to be followed for starting

and stopping of engine room machinery _________

5. to handle a number of jobs simultaneously whereas other times you might

have to face unexpected dangerous emergencies. _________

6. to be thoroughly prepared to ensure minimum risk to the ship and its crew _________

Now, complete the information below.

A deck officer on board ship is _________________________a number of important jobs, apart

from handling ship’s navigation. Deck officers perform some of the most vital operations which
allow smooth operation of the ship, from monitoring ______________________________of the
cargo to maintenance and primary repairs of the ship.
No matter what type of ship you are working on, as a “deck officer” or “mate” it’s your primary
duty _________________ that proper procedures and safe working practices are followed while
carrying out master’s order.
Needless to say, working as a ______________________ on ships is not an easy job. Sometimes
you _____________________ to handle a number of jobs simultaneously whereas other times you
might have to face unexpected dangerous emergencies. Whatever the situation, you being a
responsible deck officer are required to be thoroughly prepared to ensure __________________to the
ship and its crew.
Speaking
In groups, discuss about what anchoring and mooring procedures are, and
whether there is a difference between them.

 Anchoring operation

What are the important guidelines to carry out anchoring procedure safely and
smoothly?

What are the different methods for anchoring ships?

 Mooring Operation Answer the Questions

How to perform a safe mooring operation? What are snap-back zone and rope
bight?

How to avoid accidents during mooring operations?

Reading

Match the terms with the explanations

A. Rope bight ( ) A method used when anchoring with headway and laying
out the cable under the ship

B. To moor ( ) The area travelled by the parted rope/wire which has enough
force to kill a person in its way

C. Running anchoring ( ) A method in which the anchor is let go, and then the ship is
moved astern laying out the cable

D. Deck fittings ( ) A coil or ring which could be formed by a rope in use during
mooring operation

E. Snap-back zone ( ) Securing a vessel in a particular place by means of wires or

ropes made fast to the shore, to anchors, or to anchored mooring
buoys, or to ride with both anchors down.

F. Dropping anchorage ( ) Term used to refer to all objects that ropes or cables are
secured to.
Anchoring and mooring gear

The anchors are normally to be housed in hawse pipes and anchor pockets of
adequate size, scantlings and suitable form to prevent movement of anchor and chain
due to wave action.
The arrangements are to provide an easy lead of chain cable from windlass to the
anchors. Upon release of the brake, the anchors are to immediately start falling by their
own weight.

Anchor gear

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

 Mooring gear DEFINE each part of the foredeck of a tanker

Vocabulary.

Techniques for
recording vocabulary

Contexts
Mind maps Translations
Other people think of
Some people like to make Other people like to
vocabulary in sentences
mind maps of words with translate words into their
or groups of words that
related meanings. own language.
go together

Try different ways of organizing and

Learning tip studying vocabulary to find the way
that works best for you.
Try these ways out: What is a Mooring gear? What´s an Anchoring gear ?

Complete these mind

maps.
Mooring gear Anchoring gear

Complete the phrases with these _____________________ ropes

words: anchor, snap-back, bight, _____________________ shackles
mooring, foredeck. ______________________ zone
______________________ of a tanker
rope __________________

Snap back zone and rope bight

Snap Back Zone: There´re videos in YouTube about that can you search
for them?

The highest number of injuries and deaths during a ship’s mooring operation can be
attributed to the parting of the rope or wire which then hits a crew member standing
nearby. The area travelled by the parted rope/wire which has enough force to kill a
person in its way, is known as the “snap back zone”. When ropes are pulled straight
then the snap back zone is minimal but if the ropes are turned in a bollard or roller, then
the snap back area increases.

Rope Bight:

Mooring ropes are long and heavy ropes stored on board ships in coil form. When
these ropes are in use, they tend to form a coil or ring shape which is known as rope
bight. When a person involved in mooring operation steps into this rope bight, the pull
of the rope can drag him over the ship or smash him on the hard deck or against
machines. Several injuries and deaths have resulted from the crew not being conscious
of rope bights.

The best ways to avoid accidents due to rope bight are:

 Crew must at all times be aware of where he is standing while handling the ropes or
when near them.

 Supervising officer must be mindful of other crew members’ actions and should not
involve himself in the operations as a working hand.
 Inexperienced crew such as cadets and fresh ratings should be allowed to handle rope
only under supervision.

 Only the crew required to perform the operation smoothly should be present at the
mooring station.

 Notice should be placed declaring the mooring area as a restricted area where visitors
and other personnel are not allowed.

Grammar: Passive voice Do you really handle or grasp this?

Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not
known, however, who or what is performing the action. For example,
√ ropes are pulled straight
√ a ship’s mooring operation can be attributed to the parting of the rope

Form of passive:
Subject + form of to be + Past Participle

Modals (such as can, could, should and others) are also used to form passive,
as you can see in the previous examples. In this case, the sentence
construction is as follows:

Subject + modal + be + Past Participle

Now, find other examples in the reading. It´s mandatory to handle

passive voice for further Evaluations Got it?

1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________

Write the ropes

Mooring words To
to be remembered
Moor and to Mooring
pulling ropes be defineoperations
Got it? Anchoring
operations Anchorage foward spring Mooring lines Mediterranean Mooring
Baltic mooring snack back zone rope bight, coil, foredeck, docking quay
wharf, berthing berth unberthing, bollard, bitts, Single Point Mooring (SPM)
Running Mooring, Stern Line Breast Line Foward Spring, Foward quater spring,
Standing ends, Bitter ends, Rat tailed, ( HMP) Hawse Pipe , Capstan , Ground
Tuckle, Wheel House,
Anchor and mooring gear puzzle. An exercise to puzzle you Do it!

What is your Interpretation? Ship in or Ship out

"...If the wheelhouse is the brain of the

ship, the engine room may be called the
heart of the ship".

W. Somerset Maugham "Mister Know-All"

Unit V. Deck Machinery Operating Procedures. Extra-activities.
Write the missing terms in the boxes provided

Write the definitions of the following terms: it is mandatory!

Hawse pipe ____________________________________________________________

Capstan _______________________________________________________________
Anchorage _____________________________________________________________
Ground tackle _________________________________________________________
Bollard _______________________________________________________________
Complete these sentences with the words in the box. It is Mandatory

permitted - must - to anchor - berth - leave - anchorage -

making fast - berthing

1. It is dangerous ______________________ in your present position.

________________________ is prohibited. You ___________________ anchor in a
different position. Your ___________________ will be clear at 18:00 UTC.

2. I am _________________________ to a buoy. __________________ has been

delayed by four hours.

3. A: Is it ______________________ to leave my berth?

B: Do not ___________________ the harbour.

For your own sake! Do it!

Match the words in Column A with the corresponding synonym in column B.

Column A Column B
1. To raise _____ To stay away
2. To secure _____ To haul
3. To keep clear _____ Deaths
4. Casualties _____ To let go
5. To heave _____ To make safe
6. Injuries _____ Damages
7. To drop _____ To weigh
8 To heave ______ To hoist

https://www.marineinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Imp-Mooring-Operation-
ebook-final.pdf Go through these links

https://www.pla.co.uk/assets/CoP_Safe_Mooring_of_Vessels_2010.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKRL-HcSJx0&t=51s Mooring Accidents

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GsSMfLYIQg&feature=emb_rel_pause Line
Handling Prevention
 IT CARES YOU:

Boating Knots
These animated knots are primarily for boaters, but many are useful for anyone
who uses rope and values safety.

SELECTION

The selection of knots is based on many years of sailing combined with

feedback and advice from several helpful captains. The knots are arranged in
alphabetical order.

BOATING KNOT CHARACTERISTICS

Rope used in boating is durable and expensive and is often handling heavy
loads, e.g., when berthing, mooring, towing another vessel, preparing for a
storm, or managing sails. The emphasis, therefore, is on safety, reliability, and
convenience. In contrast to the fishing knots, value is also placed on being able
to use the rope repeatedly and untie each knot without difficulty.

STANDING END, TAIL, AND BITTER END

 Bitts & Bitter End

In many knots there is Standing End - which takes the strain, and a Tail - the
loose end in your hand. On large ships a shore line is initially tightened with a
winch. The tail is then properly called a Bitter End as it is transferred to
the Bitts. To do this, a second rope is tied to the shore line with a Rat-Tailed
Stopper or a Rolling Hitch to take the strain temporarily.

MOORING LINES AND NAMES

Mooring lines on large ships are nearly always made of a high-modulus

polyethylene (HMPE) such as Vectran® or Dyneema®. These ropes float and
their minimal elasticity reduces risk of injury due to "snap-back" in the event of a
breakage. Each line serves a specific purpose. On large vessels two lines often
run in parallel ("doubled up") for safety. The following diagram shows a typical
arrangement:

Figure A shows virtually all the possible docklines you could use but
hopefully not all at once! Docklines are named according to this convention:
[direction from boat] [position on boat] [line's function]. So, a "forward quarter
spring" is a line that runs forward to the dock from the cleat at the boat's stern
quarter; it prevents the boat from moving astern. An "after spring" is a dockline
that leads aft; it limits the boat's forward ship´s motion
 Large Vessel Mooring Lines

A. Bow Line
B. Forward Bow Spring
C. Forward Breast Line
D. After Bow Spring
E. Forward Quarter Spring
F. Quarter Breast Line
G. After Quarter Spring
H. Stern Line

On yachts mooring lines are more likely to be made of nylon, or polyester

(Dacron® or Terylene®). By contrast with mooring a large vessel, distances are
usually small and movements due to waves and tide are proportionately
greater. Moreover, because far fewer lines are used, it is critical to understand
their purpose:

Breast Lines prevent rotation and should run roughly at 90 o to the dock. To
gain length, they should be led from the farthest part of the boat: the bow itself
(or the outer hull of a catamaran) and from the far quarter of the stern.

Spring Lines prevent fore and aft movement and should run nearly parallel to
the dock and may cross each other to obtain an optimal lie.

Direction: The Bow Spring may be led forwards and the Stern Spring aft,
but MUST lead in opposite directions.

Yacht Mooring Lines

1. Bow Breast Line

2. Bow Spring Line
3. Stern Spring Line
4. Stern Breast Line
DOUBLING- UP AND SHARING A BOLLARD

When two lines run to the same Bollard, especially when they are from different
ships, the second line should be threaded up through the eye-splice of the first.
This is called Dipping the Loop and allows either line to be released with out
tangling.

Docklines — Tying Up Alongside

Docklines limit a boat's motion. That motion can be either in a fore-and-aft
direction or a transverse direction — or a combination of the two. The key is to
identify the fewest number of docklines that will limit the boat's motion in every
direction. Breast lines (lines that come off the boat at a right angle to it) limit
how much the boat can move toward or away from the dock. Springlines (lines
that run at a shallow angle along some portion of the length of the boat) limit
how much the boat can move forward or backward. Bow lines and stern lines
(lines from the bow forward to the dock or from the stern aft to the dock) may do
some of each.

Sailing Quotes for Reflexion

“Simply sailing in a new direction you could enlarge the world” ― Allen
Curnow

“The only way to get a good crew is to marry one.” ― Eric Hiscock

“If you are a boat that wants to sail in windy weather, you must be more
stubborn than the waves!” ― Mehmet Murat ildan

“To reach a port we must set sail – Sail, not tie at anchor. Sail, not
drift.” ― Franklin D. Roosevelt

“Sometimes I pretend I’m an anchor because there’s a difference

between sinking and drowning.” ― R.I.D. Inkskinned

“A small boat that sails the river is better than a large ship that sinks in the
sea.” ― Matshona Dhliwayo

“Charter boats are like books with no covers.” ― Tania Aebi

A ship in the harbor is safe, but that’s not what ships are built
for. ― William Shedd
Thank you