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Quantitative Aptitude
NUMBER SYSTEM
Numbers are collection of certain sym- The face value of a digit in a number is the
bols or figures called digits. value of digit itself wherever it may be .
Thus, the face value of 7 in the above numeral
The common number system in use is
is 7, the face value of 9 is 9 and so on.
Decimal number system. In this system
we use ten symbols each representing a Types and Nature of Numbers.
digit. These are 0,1,2, 3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9. A Natural numbers : These are also called
combination of these figures representing a counting numbers as these numbers are the
number is called a numeral. We also have ones which we use for counting purpose. It is
Binary number system. It uses only 0 and represented by N.
1. There are other number systems too.
eg : N = {1, 2, 3,............................}
We would confine our discussion to Deci-
mal number system in this topic. Whole numbers : It includes all natural
numbers with zero. We can denote it by W
Every digit has a face value which equals
. Eg : W = {0,1,2, ....................}
the value of the digit itself, irrespective of its
place in the numeral. Each digit in a num- Integers : It includes all whole numbers
ber or numeral has a place value besides its along with negative numbers. It is repre-
face value. For a given number / numeral we sented by I
begin from the extreme right as unit's place, eg : I = { -............-2,-1,0,1,2,......}
ten's place, hundred's place, thousand's Thus we see that whole numbers are nothing
place and so on. but positive integers and zero. Similarly, natu-
Example : The number 795698 is repre- ral numbers consists of positive integers.
sented as shown below : Even number : A number which is com-
pletely divisible by 2 is called an even num-
Ten thousands
ber. In other words such numbers has 2 as
Thousands
Hundreds
a factor when they are written as a product
Units
Lacs
Tens
10 5
103
102
10°
104
101
of different numbers.
Eg : 2, 4, 6, 8....................
A number is said to be a factor or submul-
7 9 5 6 9 8 tiple of another when it divides the other ex-
actly. For example 5 and 3 are factors of 15.
We read it as :
Seven lac ninty five thousand six hundred Odd number : These numbers are not
and ninty eight. completely divisible by 2. In other words,
In the above number, a number which is not even is an odd number.
The place value of 8 is (8 x 10°) = 8 Eg: 1, 3, 5, 7,.................
The place value of 9 is (9 x 101) = 90 It may be noted that zero is an exception
The place value of 6 is (6 x 102) = 600 and to this even-odd classification.
so on.
Real number : Any measurement car- number but it is not a prime number as it is
ried out in the physical world leads to some divisible by 3.
meaningful figure or value or number. This
Composite number : A composite num-
number is called real number. It consists
ber is one which has other factors besides
of two groups :
itself and unity. Thus it is a non-prime num-
(i) Rational number : A rational number can ber.
always be represented by a fraction of
Eg : 4, 6, 9, 14, 15, ......................
p
the form q , , where p and q are integers Note : (1) 1 is neither prime nor composite.
and q is not equal to zero. All integers (2) A composite number may be even or
and fractions are rational numbers. odd.
(ii) Irrational number : An irrational num- The number of ways in which a number N
can be expressed as the product of two
ber can't be expressed in the form of factors which are relatively prime to each
other. is 2M-1, where M is the number of dif-
p
, where q 0 ferent prime factors of N.
q
Eg : 540 = 22 x 33 x 5
Eg : 3, 2, 5
Prime factors of 540 are 2,3 and 5
It gives only an approximate answer in M
the form of a fractional or decimal number.
Number of ways = 23-1 = 4
The digits after the decimal point are non-
ending. The same holds true for ie 20 x 27, 4 x 135, 108 x 5, 540 x 1.
which is again irrational. Alternatively we Consecutive Integers : These are se-
can say that an infinite non-recurring deci- ries of numbers differing by 1 in ascending
mal number is an irrational number. order.
Prime number : A prime number is a Eg : 5, 6, 7, 8, ...................
number which has no factors besides it-
self and unity, ie, it is divisible only by it- Fractions : A fraction is a number which
self and 1 and by no other numbers. represents a ratio or divisions of two inte-
a
Eg : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,------ gers. It is expressed in the form ,
b
The largest prime number known so far where 'a' and 'b' are integers. 'a' is called
is 22281 1 which is a number of about the numerator and 'b' is called the denomi-
700 digits. nator. A fraction cannot have zero (b 0
as a denominator since division by zero is
Note : not defined.
(1) 2 is the only even number which is Zero divided by any integer is always zero.
prime. A fraction with 1 as the denominator is the
(2) All prime numbers other than 2 are odd same as its numerator.
numbers but all odd numbers are not Two fractions are equivalent if they repre-
prime numbers, for example, 9 is an odd sent the same ratio or number. So if we
multiply or divide the numerator and de- 4. Divisibility by 5 : A given number is di-
nominator of a fraction by the same non- visible by 5, if its unit digit is either 0 or 5.
zero integer, the result obtained will be 5. Divisibility by 6 : A given number is di-
equivalent to the original fraction. visible by 6, if it is divisible by both 2 and
Decimals : A collection of digits (0, 1, 3.
2, .........9) after a period ( called the deci- 6. Divisibility by 8 : A given number is di-
mal point) is called a decimal fraction. visible by 8, if the number formed by its
Eg : 0.629, 0.013, 10.652, etc. last three digits is divisible by 8 or the last
three digits are 000.
Every decimal number represents a frac-
tion. These fractions have denominators 7. Divisibility by 9 : A given number is
with power of 10. divisible by 9, if the sum of its digits is
divisible by 9.
5 4 5
eg : 0 .5 , 0 .4 5 8. Divisibility by 10 : A given number is
10 10 100
divisible by 10, if its unit digit is 0.
A number containing a decimal point is
called a decimal number. 9. Divisibility by 11 : A given number is
divisible by 11, if the difference of the sum
Mixed number : A mixed number con- of its digits at odd places and the sum of
sists of a whole number and a fraction. its digits at even places, is either 0 or a
3 number divisible by 11.
Eg : 4 is a mixed fraction.
5 10. Divisibility by 12 : A given number is
divisible by 12, if it is divisible by both 3 and
3
This is equivalent to 4 + and hence 4.
5
11. Divisibility by 14 : A given number is di-
3 3
can be written as 4 4 visible by 14, if it is divisible by both 2 and
5 5 7.
3 12. Divisibility by 15 : A given number is
Here 4 is the whole number and is divisible by 15, if it is divisible by both 3 and
5
the fraction. 5.
13. Divisibility by 16 : A given number is
TEST OF DIVISIBILITY divisible by 16, if the number formed by
the last 4 digits of the given number is
1. Divisibility by 2 : A given number is di- divisible by 16 or the last four digits are
visible by 2, if its unit digit is any one of 0, 0000.
2, 4, 6 and 8.
14. Divisibility by 18 : A given number is divis-
2. Divisibility by 3 : A given number is di- ible by 18, if it is divisible by both 2 and 9.
visible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divis-
ible by 3. 15. Divisibility by 20 : A given number is divisible
by 20, if it is divisible by both 4 and 5.
3. Divisibility by 4 : A given number is di-
visible by 4, if the number formed by its 16. Divisibility by 7, 13, 17 and 19 :
last two digits is divisible by 4 or the last There is no direct method to test the
two digits are 00. divisibility by 7, 13, 17 and 19. In all the
above cases, the operator for checking is The operator for 7 is 2 and the last digit of
the number itself or its prime factors. But the given number is 3. Then its product is
here the operator is not the number itself or 3 x 2 = 6.
its factors.
The number obtained by removing the last
In this case each number has a particular digit is 356.
operator. For example, the operator for 7 is
Then 356 - 6 = 350
2, 13 is 4, 17 is 5 and 19 is 2.
Here the difference is 350 and its last digit
To find the operator for 7; consider the
multiples of 7, such that the multiple is very is 0. The product with operator is 2 x 0
near to the multiple of 10 (ie 21 =3 x 7 is = 0.
near to 20 = 2 x 10). Here 2 ( the number The number obtained by removing the last
multiplied by 10 to get 20) is taken as the digit of the difference is 35
operator. Similarly the multiple of 13 (ie 3
x 13 = 39) near to the multiple of 10 Then 35 - 0 = 35.
(ie 40= 4 x 10)is 39. Here 4 (the number
Here 35 is a multiple of 7. Therefore the
multiplied by 10 to get 40) is taken as the
number 3563 is divisible by 7.
operator. Through the same way we can
determine the operator for 17 as 5 and that Divisibility by 13
for 19 as 2.
Multiply the last digit of the given number
The multiple of 7 and 17 (ie 3 x 7 = 21 and by the operator for 13 (ie 4) and add the
3 x 17 =51) are one more than the multiple of
product to the number obtained by remov-
10 (ie 20 = 2x 10 and 50 =5 x10), therefore
ing the last digit of the given number. Again
the operator for 7 and 17 are called one more
operator. Also the multiple of 13 and 19 (ie 3 take the last digit of the sum (previously
x 13 = 39 and 1 x 19 = 19) are one less than obtained) and multiply by the operator. Add
the multiple of 10 (ie 40 = 4 x 10, and 20 = 2 the product to the number obtained by re-
x 10), therefore the operator for 13 and 19 moving the last digit of the sum (just pre-
are called negative operators. viously obtained). The above process is
Divisibility by 7 : repeated. If at last the sum obtained is
the multiple of 13, then we say that the
To test the divisibility by 7, multiply the
given number can be divisible by 13.
last digit of the given number by the operator
of 7 (ie 2 ) and subtract the product from Eg : To test the number '6539' is divisible
the number obtained by removing the last by 13.
digit of the given number. Again take the
last digit of the difference and multiply by The operator for 13 is 4, and the last digit
the operator, the product is subtracted from of the given number is 9; then its product
the number obtained by removing the last is 4 x 9 = 36.
digit of the just previous difference. The The number obtained by removing the last
above process is repeated. If the difference
digit of the given number is 653.
obtained is zero or a multiple of 7, then we
say that the number is divisible by 7. Then, sum = 653 + 36 = 689
Eg : To test the number 3563 is divisible Here the sum is 689, its last digit is 9 and
by 7. its product with the operator is 9 x 4 = 36.
The number obtained by removing the last Which is the smallest of such numbers.?
digit of the sum is 68.
Ans : By hit and trial we find that 555555
Then sum, 68 + 36 = 104 is divisible by 13.
Again 4 x 4 = 16 555555
42735
Then sum = 10 + 16 = 26 13
Here 26 is a multiple of 13. Ttherefore the the required number = 42735
number 6539 is divisible by 13. 6. A number when divided by 779 gives 47
Divisibility by 17 : Same as 7 as remainder. On dividing the same num-
ber by 19, what would be the remainder ?
Divisibility by 19 : Same as 13.
Ans :
SOLVED EXAMPLES.
When the number is divided by 779, let
1. What is the difference in the place value the quotient be k.
and the face value of 8 in 78975? number = 779k + 47
= 19 x 41k + 19 x 2 + 9
Ans :
= 19 (41k + 2) + 9
The place value of 8 is 8000
So, when the number is divided by 19, the
The face value of 8 is 8 quotient is (41k + 2) and the remainder is 9
the required difference = 8000 - 8 = 7. A positive number when decreased by 4
7992 is equal to 21 times the reciprocal of the
number. Find the number.
2. The numbers p, p + 2, p + 4 are all primes.
Find the value of p. Ans : Let the number be x
Ans : When p = 3, the given numbers are 21
3, 5, 7; which are prime. Then x - 4 =
x
3. If 42 k 8 is a multiple of 9, find the value of k ie x 2
- 4x -21 = 0
Ans : Sum of digits = (4 + 2 + k +8) (x - 7) (x + 3) = 0 x = 7
= (14 + k).
Now, least value of k for which (14 + k) 8. A certain number consists of two digits
is divisible by 9 is k = 4. whose sum is 9. If the order of the digits is
reversed, the new number is 9 less than
4. Find the least number of five digits that is the original number. The original number
exactly divisible by 456. is :
Ans : Ans :
The least five digit number = 10000. Let ten's digit be x and unit's digit be y.
when 10000 is divided by 456, the remain-
Then x + y = 9
der is 424.
the required number (10x + y) - (10y + x ) = 9 x y 1
= 10000 + (456 -424) = 10032 Solving x + y = 9 & x- y =1,
5. When a certain number is multiplied by we get x = 5 & y = 4
13, the product consists entirely of fives. the required number = 54
9. A boy was asked to multiply a certain num- 4. In an examination, a student was asked to find
ber by 25. He multiplied it by 52 and got 4 5
his answer more than the correct one by th of a number. By mistake, he found
5 4
324. The number to be multiplied was :
th of it and his answer was 180 more than
Ans : Let the required number be x the correct answer. Find the given number.
Then 52x - 25x = 324 1) 81 2) 890
324
3) 400 4) 500
x 12
27 5. A sum is divided between Vishnu and
10. A number whose fifth part increased by 5 3
Ananthan such that th of the amount of
is equal to its fourth part diminished by 5. 5
Find the number.
5
Ans : Let the required number be x Vishnu is equal to th of the amount of
7
x x Ananthan. If Vishnu gets Rs. 750, how
Then 5 5 much does Ananthan get?
5 4
1) Rs. 450 2) Rs. 600
x x 3) Rs. 630 4) Rs. 730
ie 10 x 200
4 5
4 2 9
6. th of a number exceeds its rd of th
5 3 10
PRACTICE TEST
by 120. Find the number.
3 1 4 1) 600 2) 140
1. th of rd of thof a number is 80,
4 3 5 3) 800 4) 660
find that number
1) 300 2) 80 3
7. At an election, a candidate who gets th
3) 14 4) 400 4
of the total votes, is elected by a majority
4 2 of 2000 votes. The total number of votes
2. of a number exceeds its rd by 20.
5 3
polled and the number of votes secured
Find the number by the candidate who was elected, are re-
3 spectively,
1) 150 2)
2 1) 4000, 3000 2) 8000, 6000
3) 160 4) 300 3) 4500, 2500 4) 5000, 3000
1 1 8. One-third of the total marks are required
3. Sum of two numbers is rd of th of
3 5 to pass an examination. A candidate who
1 1 gets 178 marks, fails by 22 marks. The
195 and their product is th of th of total marks in the examination are
6 4
1) 550 2) 600
1 3) 535 4) 660
960. Find rd of the difference between
3
them. 9. A sum is divided between Raju and Biju
1) 1 2) 9 5
such that th of the amount of Raju is
3) 3 4) 27 6
4 encyclopaedias. Find the total number of
equal to th the amount of Biju. If Raju books in the library.
5
gets Rs. 240, find the sum. 1) 1,200 2) 1,500
1) Rs. 500 2) Rs. 250 3) 2,000 3) 750
3) Rs. 490 4) Rs. 400 5
16. In a village, th of the population are
10. The number of students in a school are 9
1 1 3
1125 more than th of it. Find the total adults. of the adults are male, th of
4 2 5
strength the adult females are illiterate. If 800 adult
1) 175 2) 1500 females are illiterate, then the population
3) 2000 4) 1225 of the village is
11. A water tank having 1300 litres of capac- 1) 4,000 2) 4,800
ity was filled by adding 75 litres of water 3) 9,000 4) 5,600
and as many buckets of water as each 17. In an examination, a student was asked
bucket had a capacity. What was the
5
capacity of each bucket in litres ? to find of a number. By mistake, he
7
1) 32 2) 35
3) 48 4) 45 7
found of it. His answer was 96 more
12. The amount that Satheesh had was Rs. 5
than the correct answer. The given number is
3 1
675 more than th of th of Rs. 450. 1) 196 2) 128
5 9
3) 156 4) 140
Find the amount.
1) Rs. 700 2) Rs. 705 7 7
3) Rs. 625 4) Rs. 605 18. th of a number exceeds its th by
8 16
5 3
13. th of 120% of a number is 235 more 84. Find th of the number..
8 4
than 245. Find that number. 1) 144 2) 192
1) 523 2) 684 3) 138 4) 204
3) 576 4) 640
19. The sum of three consecutive even inte-
1 gers is 132. Find the difference between
14. A basket contains 44 more than th of
5
1
total number of apples. How many apples 3 times the least and of the greatest.
2
are there in the basket ?
1) 44 2) 89
1) 66 2) 55
3) 144 4) 103
3) 65 4) 33
20. The sum of four consecutive numbers is
1
15. In a library, of the books are story books, 90. Find the difference between five times
2
the third number and 4 times the fourth
2 number.
rd of the remaining books are reference
3 1) 21 2) 29
books and the remaining 250 books are 3) 24 4) 19
21. 24 is divided into two parts such that 6 the class. The teacher contributed Rs.
times the first part exceeds 4 times the 13 to make the total collection of Rs.49.
second part by 4. Find the first part. How many students are there in the class?
1) 14 2) 16 1) 70 2) 50
3) 10 4) 12 3) 60 4) 65
22. The sum of 11 results is 55. The sum of 28. The total marks secured by A, B and C are
the first 6 results is 30 and that of the last 540. A's marks were three times that of B's
6 is 48. Find the sixth result. and B's marks were twice that of 3) A's
1) 20 2) 24 marks are how much more than those of C ?
3) 13 4) 23 1) 154 2) 300
23. The total age of 9 boys is 128. The total 3) 265 4) 286
age of the first 4 boys is 62 and that of the 29. When 6 is added to a number and the sum
next 4 boys is 48. Find the age of the 9th boy. is multiplied by 8, the result is same as
1) 16 2) 18 when 26 is multiplied by 10 and 12 is
3) 12 4) 17 added to the product. The number is
24. 340 soldiers are arranged in a parade such 1) 28 2) 23
that the number of soldiers in each col- 3) 26 4) 25
umn is the same as the number of col- 30. Two pens and a pencil cost Rs. 18 and
umns. Find how many soldiers are ex- two pencils and a pen cost Rs. 12. Find
cluded from the group to make such an the cost of a pen
arrangement possible. 1) 8 2) 2
1) 16 2) 21 3) 16 4) 6
3) 14 4) 24
31. If the square of a number of two digits is
25. The smallest number which must be sub- subtracted from the square of the number
tracted from 1300 to make it a perfect formed by interchanging the digits, the
square is largest number by which the result is al-
1) 2 2) 3 ways divisible is
3) 4 4) 6 1) 9 2) 10
26. Three books and a pen cost Rs. 70 and 2 3) 11 4) 99
pens and a book cost Rs. 40. How much 32. The smallest number, which when sub-
will a book and a pen cost ?
tracted from the sum of squares of 11 and
1) Rs. 10 2) Rs. 20 13 gives a perfect square, is
3) Rs. 30 4) Rs. 40
1) 1 2) 4
27. Each student in a class contributed as 3) 5 4) 9
many paise as the number of students in
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (1) 4. (3) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (1)
8. (2) 9. (3) 10. (2) 11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (4) 14. (2)
15. (2) 16. (2) 17. (4) 18. (1) 19. (4) 20. (4) 21. (3)
22. (4) 23. (2) 24. (1) 25. (3) 26. (3) 27. (3) 28. (2)
29. (1) 30. (1) 31. (4) 32. (1)
BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
ADDITION (a) 748 should be understood as seven
(i). Positive no. + Positive no. = Positive no. forty eight, not as seven hundred and forty
eight.
Eg : + 2 + + 5 = + 7
(ii) Negative no. + Negative no = Negative no. (b) 1098 should be understood as ten
ninety eight, not as one thousand and
Eg : -4 + - 6 = - 10 ninety eight.
(iii) Negative no. + Positive no. = Differece of (c) 89876 should be eighty nine eight
nos. and sign of greater no.
seven six.
Eg : + 9 + - 11 = - 2, - 10 + + 4 = - 6 4. Double column addition will enable you
to add numbers quicker and faster.
QUICKER & SHORT CUT METHODS
FOR ADDITION (a) Take the example of 78 + 65. The
moment you see the numbers visualise
In the Bank PO examination, there will in your mind that they are 78 + 60 + 5.
be a lot of situations in which you will have This way you can straight away get the
to add various numbers. But the most
answer 143.
important thing is to add numbers in light-
ning speed. You should develop the habit (b) 84 + 43 + 16 should be visualised as
of seeing the numbers and adding them (84 + 40 + 10 + 9) = 143.
instantly. You will not have the time to
(c) 6328 + 4233 + 2495. Here try the
write down the numbers with a pen on a
double column addition
piece of paper and calculate in the usual
manner. 63 28
1. The moment you see 42 33
9 + 5, the number 14 should flash in your 24 95
mind.
130 56
2. As soon as you see
Ist double column is 28 + 33 + 95 =
7 + 4 + 9, the number 20 should come. 28 + 30 + 90 + 8 = 156.
Remember, you should not even read the Write 56, and 1 is carried.
numbers as seven plus four plus nine.
Reading is time consuming. You just see 2nd double column is 63 + 42 + 24 + 1
and calculate. Your eye can recognise = 63 + 40 + 20 + 7 = 130
these numbers as 7 + 4 + 9 and instantly Once you master double column addition,
the mind can come out with the answer 20. you can easily visualise numbers in the
3. When you see a number, understand and addable form and add numbers horizon-
represent it with shorter possible words.
BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
ADDITION (a) 748 should be understood as seven
(i). Positive no. + Positive no. = Positive no. forty eight, not as seven hundred and forty
eight.
Eg : + 2 + + 5 = + 7
(ii) Negative no. + Negative no = Negative no. (b) 1098 should be understood as ten
ninety eight, not as one thousand and
Eg : -4 + - 6 = - 10 ninety eight.
(iii) Negative no. + Positive no. = Differece of (c) 89876 should be eighty nine eight
nos. and sign of greater no.
seven six.
Eg : + 9 + - 11 = - 2, - 10 + + 4 = - 6 4. Double column addition will enable you
to add numbers quicker and faster.
QUICKER & SHORT CUT METHODS
FOR ADDITION (a) Take the example of 78 + 65. The
moment you see the numbers visualise
In the Bank PO examination, there will in your mind that they are 78 + 60 + 5.
be a lot of situations in which you will have This way you can straight away get the
to add various numbers. But the most
answer 143.
important thing is to add numbers in light-
ning speed. You should develop the habit (b) 84 + 43 + 16 should be visualised as
of seeing the numbers and adding them (84 + 40 + 10 + 9) = 143.
instantly. You will not have the time to
(c) 6328 + 4233 + 2495. Here try the
write down the numbers with a pen on a
double column addition
piece of paper and calculate in the usual
manner. 63 28
1. The moment you see 42 33
9 + 5, the number 14 should flash in your 24 95
mind.
130 56
2. As soon as you see
Ist double column is 28 + 33 + 95 =
7 + 4 + 9, the number 20 should come. 28 + 30 + 90 + 8 = 156.
Remember, you should not even read the Write 56, and 1 is carried.
numbers as seven plus four plus nine.
Reading is time consuming. You just see 2nd double column is 63 + 42 + 24 + 1
and calculate. Your eye can recognise = 63 + 40 + 20 + 7 = 130
these numbers as 7 + 4 + 9 and instantly Once you master double column addition,
the mind can come out with the answer 20. you can easily visualise numbers in the
3. When you see a number, understand and addable form and add numbers horizon-
represent it with shorter possible words.
tally, as it will provide you lightning speed find the number that should be added to
in addition. this 7 to get 6 of 9687. But it is not pos-
5. For addition of numbers containing deci- sible to get such a positive number. So
mals, the same procedure of double col- treat 6 as 16 and this 1 is carried out for
umn addition can be used. the next step. Here 9 should be added to
7 to get 16. Write 9 as the hundredth
Eg. 369.003 + 9.63 + 0.02 + .0003 + 948 place digit of the answer.
= 1326.6533
In the next step, 4 + 2 + 1 = 7, the 1 is got
6. In the case of problems involving both op- from the previous step. Here 2 should be
erations addition and subtraction, subtract added to this 7 to get 9 of 9687.
the sum of all the negative terms from the
sum of all the positive terms. 9687 - 4363 - 2401 = 2923.
Eg. Find the value of 571 - 412 + 173 - 65 Similarly,
- 78 + 300 6884 - 2361 - 1592 = 2931
Sum of positive terms = 571 + 173 + 300 4328 - 325 - 659 = 3344
= 1044 8203 - 3987 - 1697 = 2519.
Sum of negative terms = 412 + 65 + 78 = MULTIPLICATION
555 (i) Positive no. x Positive no. = Positive no.
Eg : 8 x 3 = 24
Required value = 1044 - 555 = 489
(ii) Negative no. x Negative no. = Positive no.
QUICKER & SHORT CUTS :
Eg : -12 x -10 = 120
SUBTRACTION
(iii) Positive no. x Negative no. = Negative no.
Subtraction can be done through addi-
tion easily. Eg : 3 x -15 = -45
Eg : 9687 - 4363 - 2401 = ? (iv) Negative no. x Positive no. = Negative no.
To find the answer, add all the unit's place Eg : -15 x 3 = -45
digits of the negative integers. (ie) 3 + 1 =
4. Now find the number that should be DIVISION
added to 4 to get 7 of 9687. It is 3 and
(i) Positive No. Positive No = Positive
write 3 as the unit's place digit of the an-
No. Eg : 12 3 = 4
swer.
(ii) Negative No. Negative No.= Positive No.
Now add all the ten's place digit of the Eg: -12 -3 = 4
negative numbers. (ie) 0 + 6 = 6. The
number that should be added to 6 to get 8 (iii) Positive No Negative No = Negative No.
of 9687 will be the ten's place digit of the Eg : +12 (-3) = -4
answer. It is 2. (iv) Negative No. Positive No. = Negative No.
Eg : -12 3 = -4
Now add all the hundred's place digits of
the negative numbers. (ie) 3 + 4 = 7. Now
PRACTICE TEST 11. 7329 - 2564 = 3256 + ?
1. 3543 + 6413 + 5438 = ? (1) 1509 (2) 1699
(3) 1599 (4) 1409
(1) 14294 (2) 15394
(3) 15864 (4) 15495 12. 549 x 99 = ?
2. 92431 + 64273 + 10428 = ? (1) 55451 (2) 53451
(1) 177232 (2) 176134 (3) 54351 (4) 54361
(3) 167132 (4) 168282 13. 15.04 - 0.065 = ?
3. 98854 -64321 - 12512 = ? (1) 15.795 (2) 14.875
(1) 22021 (2) 20223 (3) 14.957 (4) 14.975
(3) 20032 (4) 13403 14. 2589.47 + 3009.59 + 5099.09 = ?
4. 8000.3 + 990.59 + 1885.8 = ? (1) 11609.85 (2) 10698.12
(1) 10877.69 (2) 10876.69 (3) 19808.15 (4) 16989.05
(3) 10886.69 (4) 10866.69 15. 282828280 14 = ?
5. 8888 + 888 + 88 + 8 = ? (1) 202020 (2) 20202
(1) 9872 (2) 10072 (3) 20202020 (4) 2020220
(3) 8962 (4) 9962
6 x 21x 24
16. ?
6. 832.9 + 6.73 + 11.8393 = ? 36 x 7 x 15
(1) 851.4693 (2) 861.4793 8 3
(3) 851.4793 (4) 851.4893 (1) (2)
5 5
7. 4628 - 954 - 1253 = ? 7 2
(3) (4)
2 5
(1) 2421 (2) 3513
17. 6142 + ? = 5139 + 8136
(3) 4232 (4) 1029
(1) 7313 (2) 7133
8. 1286 + 655 - 423 + 638 = ? (3) 6863 (4) 7033
18. 91 x 33 - 33 = ?
(1) 1146 (2) 2656
(3) 2056 (4) 2156 (1) 0 (2) 3003
(3) 91 (4) 2970
9. 1352 + 4352 + ? = 9827
19. 64640 160 + 120 = ?
(1) 4213 (2) 4123
(3) 3215 (4) 5324 (1) 52.40 (2) 89.77
(3) 524 (4) 64.40
10. 81038 - ? = 61038
20. 879 x 37 x 8 = ?
(1) 19099 (2) 20100
(3) 19999 (4) 20000 (1) 32523 (2) 292707
(3) 260184 (4) 257224
21. 21932 + 67 + 98232 + 100 = ? 31. 6945 + 977 + ? + 59 = 8435
(1) 121331 (2) 120331 (1) 1044 (2) 575
(3) 120231 (4) 100331 (3) 765 (4) 454
22. 2740 x 27 = ? 32. 5584 x 51 = ?
(1) 73980 (2) 74890 (1) 284784 (2) 235439
(3) 73990 (4) 72880 (3) 278484 (4) 327484
12.48 3.9 0.0076
23. ? 33. ?
39 38.8 19
.
(1) 8 (2) 16 (1) 0.0004 (2) 4.004
(3) 24 (4) 48 (3) 0.04 (4) 0.004
24. 5099.09 + 3009.59 + 2589.47 = ? 9 x 72
34. ?
(1) 19608.15 (2) 10698.15 362
(3) 11609.85 (4) 16089.05
1 1
25. 4935 x 101 = ? (1) (2)
4 3
(1) 498435 (2) 488345 1 1
(3) (4)
(3) 489345 (4) 589425 2 5
26. 43488 - 34567 + 14368 = ? 35. 0.9329 - 0.7321 + 4.329 + 0.002 = ?
(1) 23289 (2) 24289 (1) 4.5318 (2) 45.3180
(3) 13289 (4) 22289 (3) 0.45318 (4) 4.2514
27. 756 18+ 6 = ? 36. 3 x 0.3 x 0.03 x 0.003 = ?
(1) 48 (2) 31.5 (1) 0.81 (2) 0.000081
(3) 46 (4) 50 (3) 0.081 (4) 0.00081
28. 13025 + 1019 - ? = 7622 37. 64 0.008 = ?
(1) 6412 (2) 7422 (1) 80 (2) 800
(3) 6422 (4) 7412 (3) 8000 (4) 0.8
29. 182 x 14 - 14 = ? 38. 0.999999 0.011 = ?
(1) 2698 (2) 2534 (1) 90.908 (2) 909.08
(3) 2674 (4) 0 (3) 9.0908 (4) 90.909
39. 173 x 240 = 48 x ?
32.4 7.2
30. ?
27 26.5 (1) 495 (2) 545
(1) 90 (2) 9 (3) 685 (4) 865
(3) 2.25 (4) 22.5
40. 219 + ? = 7608 - 5719 480 x 8 160
45. ?
160 x 5
(1) 2108 (2) 1670
(3) 1680 (4) 1570
(1) 15 (2) 20
140 x 20 8 x 75 (3) 1.5 (4) 5
41. ?
11 x 50
46. 608 x 8 - 48 = ?
(1) 152 (2) 2
(1) 2424 (2) 24240
(3) 75 (4) 4
(3) 4816 (4) 4800
42. 1265 x 998 = ? 47. 625 x 54 = ?
(1) 1262470 (2) 1263470 (1) 33750 (2) 34750
(3) 226470 (4) 122670 (3) 43750 (4) 33850
43. 32 3232 x 100 = ? 48. 0.023 x 0.5 x 30 = ?
1000 100
(1) 0.00345 (2) 0.0345
(1) (2) (3) 0.345 (4) 3.45
101 101
49. 89.467 - 45.971 + 9.991 = ?
100 101
(3) (4) (1) 42.505 (2) 32.515
1001 100
(3) 43.404 (4) 53.487
44. 1.113 - 0.8321 = ? 50. 13284 81 = ?
(1) 0.2809 (2) 0.3809 (1) 165 (2) 164
(3) 0.2819 (4) 0.2009 (3) 184 (4) 124
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (1) 6. (1) 7. (1)
8. (4) 9. (2) 10. (4) 11. (1) 12. (3) 13. (4) 14. (2)
15. (3) 16. (4) 17. (2) 18. (4) 19. (3) 20. (3) 21. (2)
22. (1) 23. (2) 24. (2) 25. (1) 26. (1) 27. (1) 28. (3)
29. (2) 30. (2) 31. (4) 32. (1) 33. (4) 34. (3) 35. (1)
36. (2) 37. (3) 38. (4) 39. (4) 40. (2) 41. (4) 42. (1)
43. (2) 44. (1) 45. (4) 46. (3) 47. (1) 48. (3) 49. (4)
50. (2)
Bank Probationary
Quantitative Aptitude SIMPLIFICATION
VBODMAS 12 5 1 1 1
x 3 3
'VBODMAS' (Vinculum - Bracket - Of - Division 5 4 6 6 6
- Multiplication - Addition - Subtraction) rule 8
should be applied for solvingproblems involving 3 ( 8 5 ) ( 4 2 ) 2 ?
1 3
one or more mathematical operationslike mul-
tiplication, division, addition, subtraction etc. 4. 3 4
3 3 2
Such problemsare solved in the order of vincu- 1 3
lum, bracket, of, division, multiplication, addi-
tion and subtraction. Remember 'Of' in 1 3
3 3 2 x
VBODMAS means multiplication. 3 4
Solved Examples
13 3 x17
1. 45 - 4 x 6 - 5 + 14 7 = ? 3 3 3
7 13
45 - 4 x 6 - 5 + 14 7 = 45- 24- 5 + 2 = 18
2. 21 3 (10 - 3) - 20 + 1 = ? 3 x1 3 13
= 21 3 x 7 - 20 + 1 3 x1 7 17
= 7 x 7 - 20 + 1
= 49 - 20 + 1 = 30 (4 4 4 ) 4
5. ?
4 4 1 666 6
3. 3 of ?
5 5 6
( 4 4 4) 4 12 4 3
4 4 1 12 4 1
3 of 666 6 6 6 1 13
5 5 6 5 5 6
SIMPLIFICATION USING IDENTITIES
1. a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c a3 b3
11. ab
2 2 2
a ab b2
2
2. (a + b) = a + 2ab + b
3. (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 a3 b3
12. ab
a ab b2
2
4. (a + b)2 = (a - b)2 + 4ab
5. (a - b)2 = (a + b)2 - 4ab a2 ab b2 1
13. 3 3
6. (a - b) (a + b) = a2 - b2 a b ab
7. (a + b)2 = a3 + 3ab (a + b) + b3 a2 ab b2 1
14. 3 3
8. 3 3
(a - b) = a - 3ab (a - b) - b 3 a b ab
3 3 2 2
9. a + b = (a + b) (a - ab + b )
15. (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2 (a2 + b2)
3 3 2 2
10. a - b = (a - b) (a + ab + b )
16. (a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab
Bank Probationary
Quantitative Aptitude FRACTIONS
CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTIONS dividing the numerator and the denominator by
1 . Proper Fraction : A Proper fraction is one the same number.
whose numerator is less than its denomina- a ac
tor. ie.
b bc
1 4 Reduction of a fraction to its lowest terms
eg. ,
3 9 To change a fraction to its lowest terms,
2 . Improper Fraction : An improper fraction divide its numerator and denominator by the
is one whose numerator is equal to or greater H.C.F. of the numbers.
than its denominator 12
eg. Reduce to its lowest terms.
6 4 36
eg. ,
5 4
12 12 12 1
3 . Mixed Fraction: A mixed fraction is a
36 36 12 3
quantity consisting of two parts, one a whole
number and other a proper fraction. (Since H.C.F. of 12 and 36 is 12)
1 3 Reducing fractions to their common
eg. 4 ,9 denominators
8 4
To reduce fractions to their common
A mixed fraction can always be expressed as
denominators, change the denominators into
an improper fraction.
their L.C.M.
2 2 (5 x 3) 2 17
eg. 5 5 3 4
3 3 3 3 eg.,
4 5
Similarly an improper fraction can always be
L.C.M. of 4 and 5 = 20
expressed as a mixed fraction. For that divide
the numerator by the denominator and write 3
the quotient as the whole number part of the To convert the denominator of into 20,
4
mixed fraction, the remainder as the numera- multiply it by 5. To convert the denominator of
tor and the divisor as the denominator.
4
19 4 26 5 into 20, multiply it by 4.
eg. 3 ; 3 5
5 5 7 7
Basic Property of Fractions 3 x5 4 x 4 15 16
(ie) ; (ie) ;
1 . The value of a fraction is not altered by 4 x5 5 x 4 20 20
multiplying the numerator and denominator by Comparing Fractions
the same number.
a b
a axc ac Let and , be two fractions with same
c c
ie.
b bxc bc denominator c.
2. The value of a fraction is not altered by
a b 4 3 1 19
eg. = 2 1 2
Then if a>b 20 20
c c 5 5
a b 1 2 1 3 5 11
eg. 6. 13 12 11 10 ?
if a<b 3 4 6 12
c c 3 3
L.C.M. of 3, 4, 6 and 12 is 12
a b 1 1
if a=b eg.
c c 2 2
1 11 3 5
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions = (13 10 12 11)
3 12 4 6
Method : Convert the fractions with the same
denominator by taking L.C.M. and then add or 4 11 9 10 4 1
= 0
subtract. 12 12 3
Examples Multiplication of fractions
3 2 3 2 5 1 . To multiply a fraction by a whole num-
1. ber, multiply the numerator by the whole num-
7 7 7 7
ber.
1 3 4
2. 1 3 (2 x 3) 6
4 4 4 eg. 2 x
5 5 5
2 4 2 . To multiply a fraction by another fraction
3. ?
7 9 multiply corresponding numerators and denomi-
L.C.M. of 7, 9 = 63 nators and then simplify.
2 4 18 28 46 4 3 4x3 1
eg. x
7 9 63 63 63 5 12 5 x12 5
Division of Fractions
2 3 4
4. ? 1 . To divide a fraction by a whole number,
3 4 5
multiply the denominator of the fraction by the
L.C.M. of 3, 4 and 5 is 60 whole number.
2 3 4 40 45 48 2 2 2
eg. 7
3 4 5 60 60 60 3 3 x7 21
40 45 48 133 13 2 . To divide a fraction by a fraction, find the
= 2 reciprocal of the divisor and then multiply.
60 60 60
2 4 2 5 10 5
3 4 eg.
5. 6 3 ? 3 5 3 4 12 6
4 5
Note: Cancellation can be performed only to
3 4 3 4 multiplication and division of fractions; it can
6 3 (6 3)
4 5 4 5 not be perfomed in addition or subtraction of
fractions.
15 16 1
= 3 3 Point to remember:
20 20
1. To multiply a whole number and a mixed
fraction together, perform separate multiplica- 3 1
tion and then add the results. of his salary on house rent and of the
10 8
2 2 salary on clothes. He still has Rs. 1,400 left
eg. 1 8 x 5 (1 8 x 5 ) 1 8 x
3 3 with him. Find his total salary.
90 12 120 2 3 1
Totally he spends of his to-
5 10 8
2 . To divide a mixed fraction by a whole
number divide the whole number part of the tal salary.
mixed fraction by the divisor (let the quotient 2 3 1
be a). Reduce the remainder to a single frac- He saves 1 5 10 8 part of his sal-
tion and divide this single fraction by the divi-
sor. (Let the quotient be b). Now the required ary.
result is a+b. 33
1
2 40 x total salary = 1400
eg. 21 4
3 7
(ie) x total salary = 1400
40
2
4) 21 (5
3 40
total salary = 1400 x Rs. 8000
7
20
3. In an examination, a studnet was asked
2 5 3
1 to find of a certain number. By mistake,
3 3 14
5 5 1 5 3
Now 4 x he found of it. His answer was 150 more
3 3 4 12 4
than the correct answer. Find the given num-
2 5 5 ber.
21 4 5 5
3 12 12 Let the given number be x, then
More Solved Examples 3x 3x
150
4 12
1. There are 40 students in a class. One day
7 3 3 15
only th of total students were present. x 150 x 150
10 4 14 28
Find the number of absentees on that day. 150 x 28
x = 280
Number of absentees 15
= Fraction of absentees x Total number 4 5
4. By how much is of 70 less than of
7 5 7
= 1 x 40 12 students 112?
10
5 4
x 112 x 70 5 x16 4 x14 24
2 7 5
2. A man spends of his salary on food,
5
5
5. part of what amount will be equal to
12
3 Subtraction
3 part of Rs. 100.
4 In subtraction also, the given numbers are
to be written in such a way that the number of
Let the amount be Rs.y decimal places become equal for all numbers.
5 3 eg. 5 - 0.473
of y 3 of 100
12 4 Maximum number of decimal place
= 3 (in 0.473)
5 15
y x 100 ie. 5-0.473=5.000 - 0.473 = 4.527
12 4
Multiplication
15 x100 12
y x 1 . Multiplication of a Decimal Fraction by a
4 5
power of 10:
y 900 Shift the decimal point to the right by as
many places of decimal as the power of 10.
Decimal Fractions
eg. 4.5291 x 100 = 452.91
Fractions that have powers of 10 in the
denominators are called decimal fractions. 2 . Multiplication of two or more decimal
fractions :
(ie) Fractions whose denominators are 10, 102, 0.002 x 0.08 x 0.5 = ?
103, 104 ......... are called decimal fractions. Step 1: Multiply the given numbers as if they
eg. 0.5, 0.063, 8.98 etc. are without any decimal point.
Here ie. 2x8x5 = 80
Step 2 : Add the total number of decimal
5 63 898 places in the given numbers
0.5 = ; 0.063 ; 8.98
10 1000 100
ie 3+2+1 = 6
Annexing zeros to the extreme right of Step 3 : Write the result of step 1 and con-
decimal fraction does not change its value. 0.47 vert it to a number whose number of decimal
= 0.470 = 0.4700 etc. places is same as the number obtained in step
Addition 2 by shifting the decimal point to the left.
For adding a decimal number with another 0.002x0.08x0.5=0.000080 = 0.00008
decimal number or with another whole num- Division
ber write the given number in such a way that
1 . While dividing a decimal fraction by pow-
the number of decimal places are equal for all
ers of 10, the result is obtained by shifting the
the numbers.
decimal point to the left by as many places of
eg. 2+0.63 + 0.712 decimal as is the power of 10.
Here maximum number of decimal place= 3 eg. 3.45 10 = 0.345
Convert all the numbers to 3 decimal places. 961.1 100 = 9.611
2 . While dividing a decimal fraction by a natu-
2+ 0.63 + 0.712 =
ral number, divide the given fraction without
2.000 + 0.630 + 0.712 = 3.342 the decimal point by the given natural number.
In the answer thus got, place the decimal point
to the left as many places of decimal as are When a divisor as well as dividend is a
there in the dividend. decimal, we multiply both the dividend and the
divisor by suitable multiple of 10 to make the
125
. divisor a whole number and then proceed divi-
eg. ?
25 sion.
125 SOLVED EXAMPLES
First step is 5
25 1. Evaluate
2 37 x 2 37 + 36 3 x3 6 3 + 2 x 23 7 x 36 3
125
.
0.05 Given expression is of the form
25
a 2 + b 2 + 2ab = (a+b) 2
3 . While dividing a decimal fraction by a deci-
mal fraction, shift the decimal point to the right = (237 363)2 (600 )2 360000
of the dividend and the divisor both by equal
number of digits such that the divisor is con-
verted into a whole number.
2. 2212 220 2 ?
3.15 315
. Given expression is
eg. 0.9
3.5 35 a 2 - b2 =(a+b) (a-b)
= (221 + 220) (221 - 220)
28.6 28600
200 = 441 x 1 = 21
0.143 143
Expressing a decimal into a vulgar fraction 0.45 x 0.45 x0.45 0.21 x 0.21 x 0.21
3. 0.45 x 0.45 0.45 x 0.21 0.21 x 0.21
Put 1 in the denominator under the deci-
mal point and annex with it as many zeros as is
Given expression is of the form
the number of digits after the decimal point.
Remove the decimal point and reduce the frac- a3 b3
tion to its lowest terms. a b 0.45 0.21 0.24
a2 ab b2
0.125 125 1
Thus
1000
. 1000 8 4.7 x 6.5 5.3 x 6.5
4. ?
If numerator and denominator of a frac- 13
. x 7.9 13. x 6.9
tion contain the same number of decimal
places, then we may remove the decimal sign. ax bx (a b) x
Given expression is cy dy (c d) y
8.86 886
eg.
9.25 925
(4.7 5.3) 6.5 10 x 6.5
To multiply a decimal by any multiple of 50
(7.9 6.9)13. 1x13.
ten, move the decimal point as many places to
the right as is the number of zeros in the multi- 0.75 x 0.75 0.74 x 0.74
plier. 5. ?
149
.
To divide a decimal by any multiple of ten
move the decimal point as many places to the a2 b2
left as is the number of zeros in the divisor. Given expression is a b
ab
= 0.75 - 0.74 = 0.01
5 5
4
6.4 x 6.4 2 x 6.4 x 3.6 3.6 x3.6 1 = 4 1
? 1 1
6. 2 2 1 4
(6.4) (3.6) 3 3
1
2 9
4
a2 2 ab b2
The given expression is
a2 b2 5
= 4
9 =
2
1
(a b) a b (6.4 3.6) 31
=
(a b)(a b) a b (6.4 3.6)
31 32 31 1
= 4
10 100 25 4 8 8 8
= 3
2.8 28 7 7 1 0 . Find the value of
7. 0.7 x 0.7 x 0.7 - 0.3 x 0.3 x 0.3
- 3x0.7x0.3x0.4 = ? 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
The given expression is 2 2 3 3 4 4
a3 - b3 - 3ab (a-b)
1 1 1 1 1 1
= (a-b) 3 =(0.7-0.3) 3 =(0.4) 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 3 4 4
= 0.064
8. Simplify 1 1 1
= 1 1 1
4 9 16
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 2 1 1
2 4 4 2 2 3 6
3 8 15 5
= x x
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 9 16 8
7 2 1 1
2 4 4 2 2 3 6 1 1 . Find the value of
1 1
1 1 1 1 2 2
= 7 2 1 x 1 2 2 2 2
2 4 4 2
1 1
2 2 =
1 1 3 2 2 2 2
= 7 2
2 4 4
2 2 2 2
2 2
=
1 9 4 1
7 x 7 3 4
1 2 2 2 2
2 4 3 2 2
2 2
= 2 2
5 2 4
9. Find the value of 4
1
1 = 2 2 2 2
1
3
1
2
4
x 3 3 3 1
6. 2 of ?
1 2 . If y 4 then find the value of 4 4 4
4 3 1
6 yx 1) 2) 3) 2 4) 2
9 2 4
7 yx
2 3.5 x 2 3.5 3.5 x 3.5
7. ?
x 9.6 x 9.6 2 x 9.6 x 8.6 8.6 x 8.6
1
6 y x 6 y 1) 540 2) 2 7 3) 5 4 4) 6 7 0
7 y x 7 1 x
8. 32.5x32.5-2x32.5x2.5+2.5x2.5= ?
y
1) 900 2) 3 0 3) 5 0 0 4) 1 2 2 5
3 8.9 x 8.9 x 8.9 1.4 x 1.4 x 1.4
1 ?
= 6 4 9.
8.9 x 8.9 8.9 x 1.4 1.4 x 1.4
7 1 3
4 1) 75 2) 1 0. 3 3) 1 4. 5 4) 7 . 5
1 24.4 x 24.4 2 x 24.4 x 5.6 5.6 x 5.6
10. ?
6 4 6 1 24.4 x 24.4 5.6 x 5.6
= 1
7 7 7 7
4 188
. 1 88 47 16
1) 2) 3) 4)
0.3 30 75 25
PRACTICE TEST
11. 0. 7x0.7x0. 7+0.3x0.3x0. 3+3x0.7x0.3=?
1. 20 - [9-{7+(2x3)} +5] = ? 1) 4 2) 1 3) 1 0 4) 1 6
1) 20 2) 1 5 3) 1 7 4) 1 9
(0.356)2 x 2 x 0.356 x 0.106 (0.106 )2
2. 6+[2+{4x(8-3) - (2x6)-1}+2]= ? 12. ?
(0.632 )2 2 x 0.632 x 0.368 (0.368 )2
1) 17 2) 1 3 3) 1 9 4) 1 5
1) 0. 62 5 2) 0. 06 25
1 3) 0. 03 45 4) 0. 34 5
3. of 35+4 (9-3) = ?
5
1) 31 2) 1 5 3) 2 4 4) 4 2 1 3 . 0637
. x0637
. 2x0637
. x0395
. 0395
. x0395
.
?
0242
.
1 1 1 1 1) 1. 13 2 2) 0. 24 2
4. x
2 3 4 12 3) 1. 42 2 4) 1
1 4 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4) 4.75x 4.75x 4.75 125
. x125
. x125
.
3 5 2 6 14. ?
4.75x 4.75 125
. x125
. 4.75x125
.
(7 7 7 ) 7
5. ? 1) 5.25 2) 3 . 5 3) 0 4) 6
3333
3 3 5 3 7 7 5 x7 7 5 2 2 5 x 2 2 5 7 7 5 x 2 2 5
15. ?
1) 2) 3) 4) 7 7 5 x 7 7 5 x 7 7 5 + 2 2 5 x 2 2 5 x 2 2 5
11 13 7 7
1) 1000 2) 0 . 0 1
3) 0. 00 1 4) 0.0001
1 4 5
(0 .3 3 7 0.12 6 )2 (0.3 3 7 0 .1 26 )2 of 3
16. ? 4 5 6 ?
0 .3 3 7 x 0.1 2 6 25. 1 1 3 1
4 21
1) 0. 21 1 2) 0. 46 3 3 5 1 0 5
3) 4 4) 2 . 1 1
(6 9 5 3 4 5 )2 (6 9 5 3 4 5 )2 1 7
17. ? 1) 2) 2
(6 9 5 )2 (3 4 5 )2 6 12
1)2 2) 3 4 5 3) 6 9 5 4) 4 1 1
2 2 3) 15 4) 21
(4.621 2.954 ) (4.621 2.954 ) 2 2
18. ?
4.621x 4.621 2.954 x 2.954
1) 4 2) 2 3) 0 4) 1 1 1 3 1 7 3
2 6 . 2 2 4 2 8 4 ?
6 4 8 5 2 x 6 4 8 5 2 2 4 8 5 2 x2 4 8 5 2
19. ? 27 27
64852 24852 1) 2)
16 32
1) 2 0 0 0 0 2) 80000
3) 3 0 0 0 0 4) 40000 27 107
3) 4)
20. 126.5x126.5-2x126.5x6.5+6.5x6.5=? 64 112
1) 12000 2) 1 4 4 0 0
1 1 1
3) 17689 4) 1 4 4 0 of
27. 5 5 5 ?
1 1 1
0.52 x 0.52 0.4 x 0.4 2 x 0.52 x 0.4 of
21. ? 5 5 5
0.52 0.4
1) 1.2 2) 0 . 9 2 1
1) 1 2) 5 3) 4) 2 5
3) 0.48 4) 0 . 1 2 5
(4.8 )3 0 .0 2 7
?
7 9 2 4 x 1 1 6 ?
22. 28.
(4.8 )2 1.4 4 0 .0 9 5 x 9 (1 3 1 2 )
1) 4.5 2) 0 . 4 5 3) 5 . 1 4) 2 . 2 0 7 55
1) 8 2)
1 20 4
23. ?
1
1 5 1
1 3) 4)
1 4 20
2
5 3 a 7 14 2 b a
1) 3 2) 3) 1 4) 2 9 . If , then is equal
b 8 23 2 b a
3 5
to
3 1 1 1
2 4 . 5 4 2 2 0 .5 6 7 ? 5 5 5 5
1) 2) 3) 4)
14 9 23 92
19 61 23 47
1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2
84 84 84 84
3 7 . The sum of the smallest six digit number
1 3 5 7 997
3 0 . 2 2 2 2 ..... 2
5 7 9
?
999
and the greatest five digit number is
3
1) 1 9 99 9 9 2) 2 0 11 1 0
5 7 3) 2 1 11 1 0 4) 1 09 9 99 9
1) 2)
999 1000
3 8 . The sum of two numbers is 22 and their
1000 1001 difference is 14. Find the product of the
3) 4) numbers.
7 3
1) 70 2) 7 5 3) 7 2 4) 8 2
a 4 6a 4 b
3 1 . If , then the value of is 3 9 . The sum of squares of two numbers is
b 3 6a 5b
80 and the square of their difference is
1) -1 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5 36. The product of the two numbers is
1 1 1 1 1 1 1) 22 2) 4 4 3) 5 8 4) 1 1 6
3 2 . If 1 , then the
x 2 3 4 2 3 4 0 . The product of two numbers is 120. The
value of x is sum of their squares is 289. The sum of
the two numbers is
1 13
1) 2) 3) 2 4) 4 1) 20 2) 2 3 3) 1 6 9 4) 1 5 0
4 22
4 1 . The difference of two numbers is 11 and
1 one-fifth of their sum is 9. The numbers
33. ?
1 are:
2
1 1) 31 , 2 0 2) 30 , 1 9
2
1
2 3) 29 , 1 8 4) 28 , 1 7
2
4 2 . The sum of two numbers is 10 and their
8 19 7 8 product is 20. The sum of their recipro-
1) 2) 3) 4) cals is
19 8 8 9
1 1 1
34. 1
1
? 1) 2) 3) 1 4) 1
1 4 2 4
1
1 4 3 . If the sum of two numbers exceeds their
1
9 difference by 10, then the smaller of the
two numbers is
5 10 10 19
1) 1 2) 1 3) 4) 1) 3 2) 5 3) 8 4) 1 3
9 19 19 10
4 4 . The simplification of
3 5 . If (a-2) is 6 more than (c+4) and (a+2)
is 3 less than (c-4), then (a-3) is 1
3
1) 0 . 5 2) 1 . 0 3) 1 . 5 4) 2 . 0 1
3
3 6 . The expression 3 9 of 9 yields
1 25 5
(7.98 x 7.98+7.98x x + 0.02 x 0.02) will 5
1
be a perfect square for x equal to 5
5
1) 4.0 2) 0 . 4
3) 0.04 4) 0. 00 4
81 74
1) 0 2) 1 3) 4) 2
125 125
4 7 . The simplification of
5625
4 5 . Given that 83.9 x 93.4 0.7178 then
1 1
3
5.625 1 2 2 3 1 5
2 of x3
8.39 x 9.34 is equal to 4 4 3 1 1 3 6 yields
2 3
1) 71 7. 8 2) 71 . 7 8
3) 0. 071 78 4) 0. 71 78 7 49
1) 2)
4 6 . The simplification of
18 54
2 1
3) 4)
3 6
1 4
1 1 yields 4 8 . The simplification of
1 1 7
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 yields
3 3
1 1 1 4
1) 1 2) 1 1) 1 2) 1
3 4 3 7
1
3) 1 4) 1 1 2
7 3) 1 4) 1
8 3
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (1) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (4) 7. (1) 8. (1)
9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (2) 14. (4) 15. (3) 16. (3)
17. (1) 18. (2) 19. (4) 20. (2) 21.(4) 22. (1) 23. (4) 24. (3)
25. (3) 26. (2) 27. (4) 28. (2) 29.(3) 30. (4) 31. (3) 32.(2)
33. (1) 34. (2) 35. (3) 36 (3) 37. (1) 38. (3) 39. (1) 40.(2)
41. (4) 42 (2) 43 (2) 44. (1) 45. (3) 46. (4) 47. (3) 48.(2)
BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
SQ UA RE & S QU AR E RO OT S
Square : If a number is multiplied by itself then
the product is the square of the number. Thus 219961 = 469
the square of 5 is 5x5 = 25 2. Find the square root of 59.1361
2
1 1 1 1 7.69
eg. x
2 2 2 4 7 59 . 13 61
2 49
2 2 2 4
x 146 1013
3 3 3 9
876
Square root: The square root of a number is
one of two equal factors which is multiplied 1529 1 37 6 1
together gives that number. 1 37 6 1
eg. 121 = 11x11 = 11 0
10000 = 100 x 100 = 100 59.1361 = 7.69
Finding Square root by means of factorisation Properties of a perfect square
When a given number is a perfect square, No perfect square ends with 2,3,7,8
we resolve it into prime factors and take the No perfect square ends with an odd
product of prime factors, choosing one out of number of zeros.
each pair.
The perfect square consisting of (n-1)
eg. Find the square root of 1156
Factors of 1156 is 2x2x17x17 or n digits will have n 2 digits in their
1 1 5 6 = 2 x 2 x 1 7 x 1 7 = 2 2x 1 7 2 root
1156 = 2 2 x 17 2 = 2x17 = 34 The square of a number other than unity
is either a multiple of 4 or exceeds a
General method to find the square root
multiple of 4 by 1.
In the given number mark off the digits
in pairs, from right and then find the square CUBE ROOT
root as shown in the example below. The cube root of a number is one of three
eg. 1. Find the square root of 219961 equal factors which if multiplied gives that
number. Cube root of a number can be found
469 out by using the following steps.
4 21, 99, 61 1 . Write down all the prime factors of the
16 given numbers.
86 599 2 . Write the prime factors in the index no-
tation, ie, in a n form.
516
3 . Divide the index by 3, then the result will
929 8361
be the cube root of the given number.
8361
0
eg. 1. Find the cube root of 512
x 4
512=(2x2x2) x (2x2x2) x (2x2x2) 3. If , the value of x is
49 7
3 9 13 3
512 = (2 ) 2 8 1) 7 2) 4 9 3) 1 6 4) 4
2. Find the cube root of 0.000027
196 18 65
13 4. If x = the value
3 27
0.000027
13
33 7 324 169
3. 1000000 3 13 of x is
100 1) 12 2) 1 0 3) 8 4) 1 5
3
0.03
= 484 3 24
100 5. x x 0. 4 ?
Learn by heart the following square roots 11 9
SQUARES AND CUBES 5 8 9 10
No. Square Cube No Square 1) 2) 3) 4)
8 5 5 5
1 1 1 16 256
2 4 8 17 289 169
6. If 169
. , the value of x is
3 9 27 18 324 x
4 16 64 19 361
5 25 125 20 400 1) 100 2) 1 0 0 0
6 36 216 21 441 3) 10000 4) 1, 00, 000
7 49 343 22 484
8 64 512 23 529 144 324 104
7. x ?
9 81 729 24 576 6 6 169
10 100 1000 25 625
1) 26 2) 1 4
11 121 1331 26 676
12 144 1728 27 729 3) 10 1. 82 4) 3 6
13 169 2197 28 784 8. 8 ? + 44 = 25% of 400
14 196 2744 29 841
1) 3 2) 3 6 3) 4 9 4) 1 6
15 225 3375 30 900
2= 1. 41421 6 =2. 44949 81
9. If x = , the value of x is
3= 1. 73205 7 = 2. 64575 0.09
5=2. 2360 10 = 3.1622 1) 3 2) 3 0 3) 3 0 0 4) 0 . 3
PRACTICE TEST 1 0 . The largest of four digit numbers which
is a perfect squre is
1 . If x = 3018 + 36+169, the value 1) 9801 2) 9 9 0 4
of x is
3) 9804 4) 9 8 0 9
1) 44 2) 5 5 3) 6 9 4) 4 3
1 1 . A certain number of people collected Rs.
125. If each person contributed as many five
169
. x 0.9
2. If x = , the value of x is paise as they are in number, the number of
13
. x0.13 person were
1) 3 2) 1 3 3) 3 9 4) 0 . 3 9 1) 25 2) 5 0 3) 1 0 0 4) 1 2 5
1 2 . A gardener plants an orchard with 5776
2 0 . The value of 400 1 6 8 1 is
trees. In each row there were as many trees
as the number of rows. Find the number of 1) 41 2) 2 1 3) 3 1 4) 5 1
rows.
2 1 . if 5 2.2 4 and 6 2.4 5 , the
1) 7 6 2) 9 6 3) 6 6 4) 1 8 6
1 3 . Each student in a class contributed as 2 5
many rupees as the number of studnets in the value of is
3 6
class for a picnic. The school contributed Rs.
150 per teacher who led the trip. If the total 1) 1 . 3 7 2) 1 . 5 7 3) 1 . 7 3 4) 1 . 7 5
amount collected was Rs. 1350 and the num-
2 2 . If 1 5 6 2 5 1 2 5 then the value of
ber of teachers who led the trip was 3, how
many students were there in that class? . 6 2 5 is
1 5 6 2 5 1 5 6 .2 5 15
1) 36 2) 3 5 3) 3 4 4) 3 0 1) 1. 38 75 2) 13 . 8 75
1 4 . Some persons contributed Rs. 1089. Each 3) 13 8. 75 4) 15 6. 25
person gave as many rupees as they are in
number. Find their number. 2 3 . If 4 0 9 6 = 64 to then the value of
1) 3 3 2) 6 6 3) 4 5 4) 2 3
x 13 40.96 0.4096 0.004096 0.00004096
1 5 . If 1 then x is equal to. is
144 12
1) 0 2) 1 2 3) 1 3 4) 2 5 1) 7 . 0 9 2) 7. 10 14
3) 7. 11 04 4) 7 . 1 2
169 4 81 2 4 . The expression
1 6 . 225 9 121
?
1 1
2 2 equals
2 2 2 2
9 11 1 45
1) 2) 3) 4 4) 1) 2 2) 2 2
55 45 11 11
3) 2 2 4) 2 2
7 5
17. is equal to 2 5 . 3 15 . 5 4 27 is equal to
7 5
1) 12 3 2) 9 3
1) 6 35 2) 6 35
3) 3 3 4) 3
3) 2 4) 1
1 8 . If 0.04 x 0.4 xa = 0.004 x 0.4 x b, 2 6 . If 5 2.24 then the value of
a 3 5
then is is
b 2 5 0.48
-4 -3
1) 16x10 2) 16x10
1) 0. 16 8 2) 1 . 6 8
-5
3) 16x10 4) 16x10 - 6 3) 1 6. 8 4) 16 8. 0
1 1 1
1 9 . The value of 2 1 3 2 2 3 is 2 7 . Suppose you know that 15 is approxi-
mately 3.88 which of the following is the best
(1) -1 2) 0
5
approximation to ?
1 1 3
3) 1 4) 3 1) 0.43 2) 1 . 8 9
2 3
3) 1.29 4) 1 . 6 3
2 8 . If 13.69 0.6025 x 37.25 then x 43
of decimal is 9.3 then the value of upto
is equal to 2
1) 10 2) 1 0 0 3) 1 0 0 0 4) 1 1 2 5 one place of decimal is
1) 1 8. 6 2) 4 . 6 3
441 225 64
29. x x ? 3) 4.6 4) 4. 63 6
3 5 256
3 3 . If 1 8 2 2 5 1 3 5 , then the value of
1) 21 2) 2 8 3) 4 8 4) 8 4
18225 182.25 18225
. 0.018225 is
27 20
30. 4 x 3 3
24 81 3
x
5
equals 1) 1. 499 85 2) 14 . 99 85
3) 14 9. 9 85 4) 14 99. 85
1
1) 8 2) 8 3 4 . If 6 2 .4 5 then the value of
4
3 2 3
2 3 equals
3) 8 4) 8 3 2 3
3 4
1) 0.41 2) 0 . 4 2
3 2 3) 4.10 4) 4 . 2 0
3 1 . If 6 2.45 then the value of 3 2 3 5 . The square root of
correct upto three places of decimals is
0 .3 2 4 x 0 .0 8 1 x 4.62 4
1) 1. 00 0 2) 0. 99 0
. 6 2 5 x 0.0 28 9 x 72 .9 x 6 4 is
15
3) 0. 10 0 4) 0. 10 1
1) 2 4. 0 2) 2 . 4
3 2 . If 8 6 when approximated to one place 3) 0.24 4) 0. 02 4
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (2) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (3) 5 . (2) 6. (3) 7. (1) 8. (3)
9. (2) 1 0 . (1) 1 1 . (2) 1 2 . (1) 13. (4) 1 4 . (1) 1 5 . (4) 16.(2)
1 7 . (1) 1 8 . (3) 1 9 . (3) 2 0 . (2) 21.(3) 2 2 . (3) 2 3 . (3) 2 4 . (1)
2 5 . (3) 2 6 . (2) 2 7 . (3) 2 8 . (4) 29.(4) 3 0 . (3) 3 1 . (3) 32.(3)
3 3 . (3) 3 4 . (2) 3 5 . (4)
Bank Probationery Officer
Quantitative Aptitude LAWS OF EXPONENTS
A long product axaxa ....m factors can m n
be expressed, in short by notation a m, where
iii). a amn
`a' is called the base and `m' the power (or
index or exponent) Thus axaxa.... 10 factors iv). abm am . bm
= a 10 .
Definition am: If a is a natural number, then am v). a 1
stands for the product of `m' factors each
m 1
equal to `a'. vi). a
am
Property 1: a m x a n = a m+n
SOLVED EXAMPLES :
(eg. a 3xa 4 = a 3+4 = a 7 )
am 1. 81 3 x 161 4 x 2 2 ?
Property 2 : a n=a m-n
5
(eg. a = a 5-3 = a 2 )
3 13 4 14
a3 2 x 2 x 2 2
Property 3 : (am )n amn
2 1 x 2 1 x 2 2 2 112 2 1
(eg. (a2 )3 a6 3 3 2
2. 2 x 2
2
26 ?
Meaning of a° : Any non-zero number raised
to zero power is equal to 1. 26 x 26
26 64
ie. a° = 1 where a 0 eg. 5° = 1. 26
2 2 4
Negative Index : If a 0 then a
m 1
m
3. 3 x 3 2
2 7
4
a
8
34 x 38 34x 3 312
(eg. a3
1 1
3 ) 3 4 312 312
a 3
Fractional Index : a1 n n 4. Evaluate
a
1 2
3 9
eg. a 12 23 3 2 3 3 2 (2 7 )2 3
26
a, a a 25
If `a' and `b' are non-zero integers, `m' and 1
`n' are rational numbers, then 1 2 3 13 3 2 2
= 1
32
3 3
2 6
5
m n m n
i). a xa a
1 5
am = 1 32 2 2
ii). am n 9 3
an
1 5 7 7 1 9 1 2
= 1 9 4 14 1 15 1) 2) 3) 4)
9 3 9 9 3 13 9 3
5. If 5 a 3 1 2 5 , find the value of 5 a 3 x 1 x 3
a b
8. If , x is equal to
b a
5a 3125 5a 55
a 5 1 7
1) 1 2) 3) 4) 2
2 2
a3 5 3 2
5 5 5 25 9. A boy was asked to write the value of
6. If m and n are whole numbers such that
2 x 9 2 . He wrote it as 2592. The difference
5
n
m 121 , find the value of (m 1)n1 between the obtained and the actual value is
1) 21x92 2) 2 2 x 9 3
mn 121 112 m 11, n 2
3) 2 3 x9 4 4) Zero
(m 1)n 1 (1 1 1)2 1 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 0
1
10. 5 4x (1 2 5 )0 .25 is equal to
PRACTICE TEST
1) 5 2) 2 5 3) 5 4) 5 5
1. 25 25 is divided by 24, the remainder is
1) 23 2) 2 2 3) 1 4) 2 1 1 . If a3 b ab3 c 180 and a, b, and c are
positive integers, the value of c is
1 4
2. (6 4 ) 2 (3 2 ) 5 equals 1) 10 2) 1 5 3) 2 5
4) data inadequate
1 1 3
1) 2) 3) 4) 2
16 8 16 1 2 . (4 )0 .5 x (0 .5 )4 is equal to
3. If 2 n 64 , the value of n is 1 1
1) 1 2) 4 3) 4)
8 32
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 1 2
4. k
If 1.125x10 =0.001125, the value of k 1 3 . If 2 x 1 2 x 1 1280 , then the value of x
is is
1) -4 2) -3 3) -2 4) -1 1) 7 2) 8 3) 9 4) 1 0
5. The unit's digit in the product of 2
153 72 721 1 3
2 4 6 7 x 3 4 1 x 2 2 5 is 1 4 . The simplification of
1 25
gives
1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7
1 1
2 x 1 1 1) 2)
6. If 2 , the value of x is 25 25
8 x 3
3) 25 4) -25
1) 0 2) -1 3) -2 4) 2
1 5 . The units digit in 2 4 6 9 1 5 3 will be
1 2 n 2 n 7
3 x9
7. The value of is 1) 1 2) 3 3) 7 4) 9
35n
16. 2 4 3 0 .1 2 x 2 4 3 0 .0 8 equals
2 1 . The value of
(1)1 3 2
equals
5 3 1
1
1) 3 2) 9 3) 1 2 4) 2 7
1 7 . The value of 4 7 1 6 4 x 1 6 is euqal to: 132 15
1) 2)
15 132
1 1
1) 2) 3) 4 4) 1 15 15
16 4 3) 4)
2 8
x 1
1 8 . If 4 , the value of x is 2
64
2 2 . If
x 3
x x4
xp , p is equal to
1) 3 2) 9 3) -3 4) -9 x10
1 1
1 9 . The value of 7 2 9 x 7 2 9 4 12 is 1) 26 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0
1) 3 2) 9 3) 1 2 4) 2 7 2 3 . If 5 5 x 5 3 5 3 2 5 a2 the value of
`a' is
1
x 2 y 2 1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 8
2 0 . The fraction 1 1 is equal to
x y
2 n 4 2 (2 n )
24. 2 3 is equal to
1) x 1 y 1 2) x 1 y 1
2 2 n3
xy xy n 1 1
1) 2 n1 2) 2
3) 3) 8
xy xy
9
3) 2n 4) 1
8
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (4) 7. (3) 8. (4)
9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (4) 12. (3) 13. (3) 14. (3) 15. (4) 16.(1)
17. (4) 18. (3) 19. (2) 20. (3) 21.(4) 22. (4) 23. (1) 24.(4)
Bank probationary Officer
Quantitative Aptitutde
L .C .M & H. C. F
Factors and Multiples: If a number `m' divides HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (H.C.F)
another number `n' exactly, then we say that The highest common factor of two or
`m' is a factor of `n' and that `n' is a multiple more numbers is the greatest number which
of `m'. divides each of them exactly.
eg. 3 is a factor of 12 and therefore 12 eg. Find the H.C.F. of 24 and 56
is a multiple of 3.
Factors of 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.)
Factors of 56 = 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
L.C.M. is the least non-zero number in com-
Common factors of 24 and 56 are 1, 2, 4, 8
mon multiples of two or more numbers.
Multiple of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, ........ H.C.F. of 24 and 56 = 8
Factorisation Method: H.C.F. can be found by
Multiple of 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, ........
resolving the given numbers into prime fac-
Common Multiple of 6 and 8 = 24, 48 ............... tors and then taking the product of least pow-
Least Common Multiple = 24 ers of all common factors, that occur in these
Factorisation Method: numbers.
Find the L.C.M. of 12, 27 and 40 Eg. Find H.C.F. of 48, 108, 140
Factors of 12 2 4 8 2 108 2 140
Factors of 48
= 2x2x3 = 2 2 x3 2 24 2 54 2 70
2 12 3 27 2 40 = 2x2x2x2x3
Factors of 27 2 12 3 27 5 35
= 3x3x3 = 3 3 2 6 3 9 2 20 = 2 4 x3
2 6 3 9 7
Factors of 40 3 3 3 3 2 10 Factors of 108
3 3
= 2x2x2x5 = 2 x5 3 1 1 5 5 = 2x2x3x3x3 = 2 2 x3 3
1 Factors of 140
L. C. M . 2 3 x 3 3 x 5 1 0 8 0
SHORT CUT METHOD = 2x2x5x7 = 2 2 x 5 x 7
(Division Method) H.C.F. = 2 2 = 4
Division Method
Find the L.C.M. of 12, 27, 40
Find the H.C.F. of 48, 108, 140
2 4 8 , 1 08 , 1 4 0
2 12, 27, 4 0
2 24, 54, 70
2 6, 27, 2 0
12, 27, 35
3 3, 27, 1 0
1, 9,1 0 H.C.F.=2x2= 4
L. C. M. 2x2x3x9x10 = 1080
QUICKER & SHORT CUT METHOD L.C.M. of 1, 5 and 10 is 10
Find the H.C.F. of 777 and 1147 H.C.F of 3, 6, 9 and 27 is 3
777) 1 1 4 7 (1 10
777 L.C.M. of given fractions =
3
370) 777(2
1 3 5 7 9
740 3 . Find the H.C.F. of , , , ,
2 4 6 8 10
37) 370 (10
Ans: H.C.F. of fractions
370
0 H. C. F. of numerat ors
= L. C. M. of deno min ators
H.C.F. of 777 and 1147 is 37
* The product of two given numbers is equal H.C.F. of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 is 1
to the product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M.
L.C.M of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 is 120
L.C.M. of two numbers
1
Product of numbers H.C.F. of given fractions =
= H. C. F. of numbers 120
4 . The L.C.M. of two number is 2310. Their
L.C.M. of given fractions H.C.F. is 30. If one number is 210, the other
is:
L. C. M. of numerators
= H. C. F. of deno min ators Ans: The other number
L. C. M. xH. C. F. 2310 x 30
H.C.F of given fractions = 330
given number = 210
H. C. F. of numerators
= L. C. M. of deno min at ors 5 . The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers
are 44 and 264 respectively. If the first num-
The L.C.M of a given set of numbers ber is divided by 2, the quotient is 44, The
would be either the highest or higher than the other number is
highest of the given numbers. Ans: First number = 2x44 = 88
The H.C.F. of a given set of numbers
would be either the lowest or lower than the 44 x264
Second number = 132
lowest. 88
Solved Examples 6 . The least square number which is divis-
1 . Find the L.C.M. of 125,64,8 and 3. ible by 6, 8 and 15 is:
Ans : Given numbers are 5 3, 26, 23 and 3 Ans: The least number divisible by 6, 8 and 15
is their L.C.M. which is 120
L.C.M. 5 3x2 6x3 = 24,000
Now 120 = 2x2x2x3x5
1 5 5 10
2 . Find the L.C.M. of , , , ? To make it a perfect square, it must be
3 6 9 27 multiplied by 2x3x5
Ans: L.C.M. of fractions Required Number=120x2x3x5=3600
L. C. M. of numerat ors 7 . The least number of square tiles
= H. C. F. of deno min ators required to pave the ceiling of a room 15m
17cm long and 9m. 2cm broad is:
Ans: Size of largest square tile
= H.C.F. of 1517 cm and 902 cm
2 3 4
= 41 cm. 4. Find the L.C.M. of , and
5 10 15
Least number of tiles required
1 2
Areaof the room 1) 2) 2
= 30 5
Areaof one tile
24 2
1517 x 902 3) 4)
= 814 750 5
41 x 41
8. Find the least number which when divided 4 3 7
5. Find the H.C.F. of , and
separately by 15, 20, 36 and 48 leaves 3 as re- 5 10 15
mainder in each case.
Ans : Required number 1 84
1) 2)
= L.C.M. of (15,20,36 and 48) +3 5 5
= 720 + 3 = 723
84 1
9 . Find the greatest number that will divide 3) 4)
197 and 269 and leaves 5 as remainder in
30 30
each case. 6. If the L.C.M of x and y is z, their H.C.F.
Required number = H.C.F. of [(197-5) is.
and (269-5)]
xy
= H.C.F. of (192 and 264) = 8 1) 2) xy z
z
1 2 . Five bells begin to toll together and toll
respectively at intervals of 6,7,8,9 and 12 sec- x+ y z
onds. How many times they will toll together 3) 4)
z xy
in one hour, excluding the one at the start?
Ans: L.C.M. of 6,7,8,9 and 12 7 . H.C.F of two numbers is 24 and their
L.C.M is 1080. If one of the numbers is 120,
= 2x2x3x7x2x3 = 504
find the other.
ie, The bells will toll together after each 504
1) 2 1 6 2) 5 3 2 3) 1 0 8 4) 8 2 0
seconds. In one hour, they will toll together
8 . L.C.M. of 2.5, 0.5 and 0.175 = ?
60 x60 1) 2 . 5 2) 0 . 5
7 times
504 3) 0. 17 5 4) 1 7. 5
PRACTICE TEST 9 . H.C.F. of two numbers is 24 and their
1. Find the L.C.M of 12, 15, 18 and 27. L.C.M is 1344. If the difference between the
1) 1, 08 0 2) 5 4 0 numbers is 80, their sum is:
3) 2 7 0 4) 7 6 0 1) 3 6 8 2) 3 5 6
2. Find the H.C.F. of 72, 48 and 30. 3) 3 3 2 3) 3 0 4
1) 3 0 2) 1 2 3) 6 4) 3 1 0 . Find the greatest number which can di-
vide 1354, 1866 and 2762 leaving the same
3. Find the L.C.M. of 2 2x33x53 and
remainder 10 in each case.
2 3 x3 2 x5.
1) 6 4 2) 1 2 4 3) 1 5 6 4) 2 6 0
1) 27 , 0 00 2) 1 8 0
1 1 . Find the least perfect square which is di-
3) 3 6 4) 13 , 5 00
7 1 3 5 5 7 3 1
visible by 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8. 1) , , , 2) , , ,
8 3 4 6 6 8 4 3
1) 2 5 0 0 2) 1 2 0 0
3) 3 6 0 0 4) 9 0 0 3 7 1 3 1 3 5 7
3) , , , 4) , , ,
1 2 . The least number which when divided by 4 8 3 4 3 4 6 8
15, 27, 35 and 42 leaves in each case a re-
mainder 7 is: Qn: 18- 20 Write in descending order
1) 1 8 9 7 2) 1 9 8 7
1 2 3 1
3) 1 8 8 3 4) 2 0 0 7 18. , , ,
3 5 4 6
1 3 . Two containers contain 60 and 165 litres
of milk respectively. Find the maximum capac- 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 3
ity of a container which can measure the milk 1) , , , 2) , , ,
3 5 4 6 6 5 3 4
in each container an exact number of times
(in litres) 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 1
3) , , , 4) , , ,
1) 1 5 2) 3 3) 5 4) 1 0 5 4 3 6 4 5 3 6
1 4 . Two baskets contain 195 and 250 ba- 5 7 11 3
nanas respectively, which are distributed in 19. , , ,
6 8 12 10
equal number among children. Find the largest
number of bananas that can be given, so that 5 7 11 3 7 5 11 3
3 bananas are left over from the first basket 1) , , , 2) , , ,
6 8 12 10 8 6 12 10
and 2 from the second.
1) 4 2) 1 8 3) 8 4) 6 11 7 5 3 7 5 11 3
3) , , , 4) , , ,
Qn: (15- 18) :- Write in ascending order 12 8 6 10 8 6 12 10
1 2 3 3 5 11 5 7
15. , , , 20. , , ,
2 5 4 2 3 9 6 12
2 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 5 11 5 7 11 5 7 5
1) , , , 2) , , , 1) , , , 2) , , ,
5 2 4 2 4 2 5 2 3 9 6 12 9 3 12 6
3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 5 11 5 7 11 5 5 7
3) , , , 4) , , , 3) , , , 4) , , ,
2 4 2 5 2 2 5 4 3 9 6 12 9 6 3 12
5 11 5 7
16. , , , Qn 21-23 Find the greatest of the given frac-
3 9 6 12
tions
11 7 5 5 7 5 11 5
1) , , , 2) , , , 2 4 3 3
9 12 3 6 12 6 9 3 21. , , ,
3 15 5 4
5 7 11 5 5 11 5 7 4 3
3) , , , 4) , , , 1) 2)
6 12 9 3 3 9 6 12 15 4
5 7 3 1 3 2
17. , , , 3) 4)
6 8 4 3 5 3
5 6 13 9 case, The number of stones in the heap is
22. , , , 1) 3 6 0 0 2) 3603
8 11 22 13
3) 7 2 0 0 4) 7203
5 6
1) 2) 2 8 . Three measuring rods are 64cm, 80cm
8 11 and 96 cm in length. The least length of cloth
13 9 (in metres) that can be measured exact num-
3) 4) ber of times using any of the three rods is
22 13
1) 0.96m 2) 9.6m
3 5 2 8 3) 96 m 4) 96 0m
23. , , ,
4 7 3 11 2 9 . The largest number, which exactly divides
the product of any three consecutive integers
3 5
1) 2) is
4 7
1) 2 2) 3 3) 6 4) 1 2
2 8 3 0 . The L.C.M. of two numbers is 63 and their
3) 4)
3 11 H.C.F. is 9. If one of the numbers is 27, the
Qn: (24 - 26) Find the smallest of the given other number will be
fraction. 1) 9 2) 2 1 3) 1 7 4) 1 8 9
3 1 . The HCF of two numbers is 32 and their
2 5 9 9 7
24. , , , , product is 10240. Find their L.C.M?
3 7 13 14 4
1) 6 4 0 2) 3 2 0 3) 3 2 4 4) 2 3 0
9 2 3 2 . A gardener had a number of shrubs to
1) 2)
14 3 plant in rows. At first he tried to plant 8, then
12 and then 16 in a row but he had always 3
7 5 shrubs left with him. On trying 7 he had none
3) 4)
4 7 left. Find the total number of shrubs.
11 14 17 23 29 1) 1 4 7 2) 1 5 0 3) 1 3 7 4) 1 5 4
25. , , , , 3 3 . Six bells commencing tolling together and
14 17 20 26 32
toll at intervals of 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 seconds
29 11 respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times
1) 2)
32 14 do they toll together.
17 14 1) 1 7 2) 1 5 3) 1 6 4) 2 0
3) 4)
20 17 3 4 . In a seminar the number of participants
in Hindi, English and Mathematics are 60, 84
5 3 5 6
26. , , , and 108 respectively. Find the minimum num-
6 4 8 7 ber of rooms required, where in each room
3 6 the same number of participants are to be
1) 2) seated; and all of them being in the same sub-
4 7
ject.
5 5
3) 4) 1) 2 0 2) 2 2 3) 2 5 4) 2 1
8 6
3 5 . Find the least number that being increased
2 7 . A heap of stones can be made in groups by 8 is divisible by 32, 36 and 40
of 21 but when made up into groups of 16, 1) 1 4 3 0 2) 1 4 0 0
20, 25 and 45 there are 3 stones left in each
3) 1 4 3 2 4) 1 4 2 5
3 6 . Find the least multiple of 11 which when 233 and 279 leaving the same remainder in
divided by 8, 12 and 16 leaves 3 as remain- each case is
der. 1) 3 0 2) 3 6 3) 4 6 4) 5 6
1) 1 0 0 2) 9 0 3) 9 9 4) 8 8 3 9 . The floor of a room of dimensions 6.5m
3 7 . The least multiple of 7 which leaves a x 4.0 m is to be paved with square marble
remainder 4 when divided by 6, 9, 15 and 18 slabs. The length of the largest possible slab
is is:
1) 7 4 2) 9 4 3) 1 8 4 4) 3 6 4 1) 25 cm 2) 75 cm
3 8 . The greatest number that will divide 187, 3) 50 cm 4) 100 cm
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST - 6
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (4) 6. (1) 7. (1) 8.(4)
9. (1) 10. (1) 11. (3) 12. (1) 13. (1) 14. (3) 15. (1) 16.(2)
17. (4) 18. (4) 19. (3) 20. (1) 21.(2) 22. (4) 23. (1) 24. (1)
25. (2) 26. (3) 27. (4) 28.(2) 29.(3) 30. (2) 31. (2) 32.(1)
33. (2) 34. (4) 35. (3) 36. (3) 37. (4) 38. (3) 39. (3)
Bank Probationary Officer
Q uantitative Aptitude PERCENTAGE
A fraction with its denominator as `100' if a student secures y marks and fails by z
is called a percentage. Percentage means per marks, then the maximum mark
hundred. 1 0 0 ( y z)
So it is a fraction of the form =
x
6 37 151
, and and these fractions A candidate scores x% in an examina-
100 100 100 tion fails by `a' marks while another candi-
can be expressed as 6%, 37% and 151% date who scores y% gets `b' marks more than
respectively. the minimum required for a pass, then the
In such a fraction, the numerator is called
rate percent. 100 (a b)
maximum mark =
To express x% as a fraction or a deci- y x
mal, divide x by 100. If the length of a rectangle is increased
If the price of an item increases by r%, by x% and the breadth is decreased by y%,
then the reduction in consumption, so that the then the area is increased or decreased by
expenditure remains the same is
xy
(x y )% according to the (+) ve or
r 100
x100%
r 100 (-) ve sign obtained.
If the price of the commodity decreases If the present population is P which in-
by r%, the increase in consumption, so that creases R% annually, then
the expenditure remains the same is (i) the population after n years
r n
x100% 100 R
1 0 0 r = P
100
If the value is first increased by x% and
then by y%, the final increase is (ii) the population n years ago
n
xy 100
x y % = P
100 100 R
If there is a decrease instead of increase, a If the present value of a machine is P
negative sign is attached to the corresponding which depreciates at R% per annum, then
rate percent. (i) the value of the machine after n years
If the value of a number is first increased
n
by x% and later it is decreased by x% then net 100 R
= P
change is always a decrease which is equal to 100
x2 (ii) the value of the machine n years ago
%
n
100 = 100
P
If pass marks in an examination is x% and 100 R
If x% students failed in a particular sub- 4 In an examination 36% are pass marks.
ject, y% students failed in another subject, and If an examinee gets 17 marks and fails by 10
z% students failed in both subjects, then the marks, what are the maximum marks?
pass present = 100+z-( x+y) Ans : Pass mark=(17+10)= 27
Fractional Equivalents of important percents Let maximum marks be x
36
1 1 1 1 Then 36% of x = 27 or x x 27
1% 2% 4% 5% 100
100 50 25 20
2 3 4 100% 1 2 7 x1 0 0
40% 60% 80% x 75
5 5 5 36
1 3
1 1 1 1 1 37 %
6 % 12 % 25% 2 8 Hence, maximum marks = 75
4 16 2 8 4
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 The answer can be arrived quickly by
8 % 16 % 33 % 66 %
3 12 3 6 3 3 3 3
1 0 0 (1 7 1 0 )
Maximum marks =
36
2 1 100 x 27
8% 10 %
1 20% = 75
25 10 5 36
1 1 5 3 5 . Subtracting 40% of a number from the
50% 62 % 75%
2 2 8 2 48 number, we get the result as 30. Find the num-
1 5 1 7 1 4 ber.
83 % 87 % 133 %
3 6 2 8 3 3 Ans: Let the number be x.
SOLVED EXAMPLES: 2
40
x x 3 0 (ie) x 1 3 0
1 100 5
1. Find 33 % of 600
3 5
x 30 x 50
1 1 3
Ans: 33 % of 600 = x600 = 200 6 . If the price of sugar be increased by
3 3
25%, find by how much percent must its con-
2. What percent of 144 is 36? sumption be decreased to keep the expendi-
Ans: Let x% of 144 = 36 ture fixed on sugar?
x Ans:
(ie) x 144 36
100 Decrease in consumption
3 6 x1 0 0 25 2 5 x1 0 0
(ie) x 25 = 100% = % 20%
144 100 25 125
3. 2.5 is 5% of what? 7 . The salary of a worker was first increased
Ans : Let the number be x by 10% and thereafter decreased by 5%.
What was the effect in his salary?
5% of x 2.5
10 x5
Ans: % effect = 10 5 %
5 100
x x 2 .5 x 5 0
100 His salary is increased by 4.5% (because
the sign is +ve.)
8 . The value of a machine depriciates at the 4 2
rate of 10% per annum. If its present value is 3. What percent of is ?
Rs. 81,000 what will be its worth after 2 7 35
year s? 1) 2 . 5 % 2) 1 0 0 0 %
Ans: The value of the machine after 3) 2 5 % 4) 1 0 %
2 4 . The total income of A and B is Rs. 6000.
10
2 years = Rs. 81,000x 1 A spends 60% of his income and B spends
100 80% of his income. If their savings are equal,
then the income of A is,
9 9
= Rs. 81000 x x Rs. 6 5 , 6 1 0 1) Rs. 3500 2) Rs. 2000
10 10
9 . Due to fall of 10% in the rate of sugar, 3) Rs. 4000 4) Rs. 3000
500 gm more sugar can be purchased for Rs. 5 . With an increase of Rs. 2,000, Vishnu's
140. Find the original rate and reduced rate. monthly salary became Rs. 12,000. What is
Ans : Money spent originally=Rs. 140 the percent increase in his salary?
1) 2 0 2) 2 5 3) 4 0 4) 8 0
Less Money to be spent now
6 . if 75% of the students in a school are
= 10% of 140 boys and the number of girls is 420, the num-
= Rs. 14 ber of boys is
Rs. 14 now yield 500gm sugar 1) 1 1 7 6 2) 1 3 5 0
Present rate of sugar = Rs. 28 per kg. 3) 1 2 6 0 4) 1 1 2 5
If the present value is Rs. 90, the original value 7 . The salary of a worker is first increased
= Rs. 100 by 10% and therafter it was reduced by 10%.
What was the change in his salary?
If the present value is Rs. 28 the original value
1) 1% increase 2) 5% increase
100
= Rs. x 28 3) no change 4) 1% decrease
90
8 . A water tank contains 5% salt by
= Rs. 31.11 weight. x litres of fresh water is added to 40
1 0 . In an examination, 42% students failed litres of tank water, so that the solution con-
in History and 52% failed in Geography. If 17% tains 2% salt. The value of x is
students failed in both subjects, find the per- 1) 4 0 2) 5 0 3) 5 5 4) 6 0
centage of those students who passed in both
9 . The population of a town increases 5%
the subjects.
annually. If it is 15,435 now, what was it 2
Ans:- Pass percent=100+17-(42+52) years ago?
= 117 - 94 1) 14 , 0 00 2) 13 , 4 73
= 23 3) 12 , 3 45 4) 10 , 1 45
1 0 . Navin spends 15% of his salary on cloths,
PRACTICE TEST 30% on food and 10% on transport. After this
1. 65% of 7+35% of 3 = ?% of 56 if he is left with Rs. 900/- what is his salary?
1) 1 2) 1 0 3) 5 0 4) 1 0 0 1) Rs. 1,500 2) Rs. 2000
3) Rs. 1,635 4) Rs. 2500
2 . What is 20% of a number whose 200%
is 360? 1 1 . When the price of an article was reduced
by 15% the sale of the article is increased by
1) 7 2 2) 3 6 3) 5 2 4) 1 4 4
20%. What was the effect on the sales? 1 8 . In an employment exchange, 40% of the
1) 2% increase 2) 1% increase job seekers are graduates, 20% are post-
graduates and remaining 6000 are non-gradu-
3) 2% decrease 4) 1% decrease
ates. How many post-graduate job seekers are
1 2 . In an election between two candidates, there?
the one gets 35% of the votes polled is de-
1) 3, 00 0 2) 6, 00 0
feated by 15000 votes. The number of votes
casted by the winning candidate is 3) 9, 00 0 4) 12 , 0 00
1) 15 , 0 00 2) 1, 75, 000 1 9 . A company hired a salesman on a monthly
salary of Rs. 3,000. In addition to it, the sales-
3) 32 , 5 00 4) 52 , 5 00
man was entitled for 20% commission on the
1 3 . In an examination, 70% students passed monthly sale. How much sale the salesman
in English and 75% in Hindi while 20% failed should do if he wants his monthly income as
in both the subjects. If 260 students passed in Rs. 10,000?
both the subjects, the total number of students
1) Rs. 50,000 2) Rs. 15,000
is
3) Rs. 35,000 4) Rs. 21,000
1) 4 0 0 2) 5 0 0
2 0 . In a public sector company, 30% employ-
3) 3 4 0 4) 4 6 0
ees opted for pension and 50% employees
1 4 . If the radius of a circle is diminished by opted for provident fund. The remaining em-
10%, the area is diminished by ployees were uncertain. If the difference be-
1) 3 6 % 2) 2 0 % tween those who opted for provident fund and
3) 1 9 % 4) 1 0 % those who were uncertain was 1440, how
many employees were there in the company?
1 5 . The price of an article is cut by 10%. In
order to restore it to its former value, the new 1) 7, 20 0 2) 2, 40 0
price must be increased by 3) 2, 88 0 4) 4, 80 0
1 2 1 . Prasanna spends 25% of her monthly in-
1) 10 % 2) 1 1 %
3 2
come on petrol for her car, rd of the remain-
1 1 3
3) 11 % 4) 12 %
9 9 ing income on house hold items, rent, etc. If
she is left with Rs. 1,800 with her at the end
1 6 . The breadth of a rectangular field is 60%
of the month how much does she spend on
of its length. If the perimeter of the field is
petrol?
800m, What is the area of the field?
1) Rs. 1,800 2) Rs. 720
1) 37,500 sq.m. 2) 4,800 sq.m
3) Rs. 2,500 4) Rs. 1,440
3) 18,750 sq.m 4) 40,000 sq.m
2 2 . Rajesh earns Rs. 2,300 per month. He
1 7 . In a factory, 60% of the employees are
spends Rs. 1,200 on food, Rs. 630 on convey-
males. Among them 20% are matriculates and
ance, 10% of his monthly income on other in-
the remaining are graduates. Among the fe-
cidentals and saves the remaining amount. How
males 40% are matriculates and the remain-
much money will he save in one year?
ing are graduates. If the total number of fe-
male employees in the factory is 640, how 1) Rs. 2300 2) Rs. 2880
many graduates are there in the factory ? 3) Rs. 2600 4) Rs. 2400
1) 1024 2) 896 2 3 . In an examination, Hari got 8 marks less
3) 1,152 4) 1 0 0 0 than 80% of the full marks and Ravi got 5
marks more than 70% of the full marks. Hari
beats Ravi by 2 marks. The marks scored by How many boys are there in the class?
Ravi is 1) 5 0 2) 1 0 0 3) 4 8 4) 9 6
1) 9 0 2) 1 1 0 3) 1 3 0 4) 1 4 0 2 9 . In an examination 40% of the students
2 4 . A candidate secured 20% marks in a test failed in English, 60% passed in Mathematics.
and failed by 10 marks. Another candidate If 10% of the students failed in both the sub-
secured 42% and got one mark more than the jects, what is the pass percent?
bare minimum to pass. The maximum mark is 1
1) 5 0 2) 6 0 3) 6 5 4) 7 0 1) 33 2) 3 0
3
2 5 . A's salary is 20% less than B's salary and 2
B's salary is 20% more than C's salary. If the 3) 36 4) 5 0
3
sum of the salaries of A and B is Rs. 5,400
3 0 . In a library, 30% of books are on com-
then C's salary is
puters, 5% on English, 35% on Science and
1) Rs. 3,000 2) Rs, 2,880 remaining 900 are on various other fields. How
3) Rs. 2,500 4) Rs. 2,700 many books on English are there in the library?
2 6 . The price of some commodity was re- 1) 3 0 0 0 2) 3 0 0
duced by 20%. To bring the price of that com- 3) 1 5 0 4) 2 0 0
modity to the original level, by how much per-
3 1 . Ramu spends 40% of his income on food,
centage of the increase in the price of that
1/3 rd of the remaining on transport and 10%
commodity will have to be made?
of the remaining on books. If he spends Rs.
1) 1 2. 5 % 2) 2 0 % 250 for rent of his house, what is his salary?
3) 2 5 % 4) 3 7. 5 % 1) Rs. 6,000 2) Rs. 625
2 7 . In a college election between two candi- 3) Rs. 62,500 4) Cannot be
dates, the candidate who got 62% of the
determined
votes, won by 144 votes. The total number of
votes is 3 2 . In an examination, A got 10% marks less
than B, B got 25% more than C, and C got
1) 6 0 0 2) 8 0 0
20% less than D. If A got 360 out of 500, the
3) 9 2 5 4) 1 2 0 0 percentage marks obtained by D was
2 8 . In a class, 30% of the boys play football, 1) 7 0 2) 7 5
40% of the remaining play cricket and the
3) 8 0 4) 8 5
remaining 21 boys play different other games.
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5 . (1) 6. (3) 7. (4) 8.(4)
9. (1) 1 0 . (2) 1 1 . (1) 1 2 . (3) 13. (1) 1 4 . (3) 1 5 . (3) 16.(1)
1 7 . (3) 1 8 . (1) 1 9 . (3) 2 0 . (4) 21.(1) 2 2 . (2) 2 3 . (2) 2 4 . (1)
2 5 . (3) 2 6 . (3) 2 7 . (1) 28.(1) 29.(2) 3 0 . (3) 3 1 . (4) 32.(3)
Bank Probationery Officer
Quantitative Aptitude P RO FI T & L OS S
Cost Price: The price for which an article is 7 . The discount percent is calculated on the
purchased is called the Cost Price (C.P.) marked price.
Selling price : The price at which an article is Discount percent
sold is called the Selling Price (S.P.)
Disc ount
Profit (Gain) : The difference between the sell- = x100
M arked price
ing price and the cost price (when S.P. is more
than C.P) is called the Profit. 8 . If there are two successive profits of x%
Loss:The difference between the cost price and y% in a transaction then the resultant
and selling price (when C.P. is more than S.P.) profit percent is
is called the Loss.
xy
Points to remember: xy
100
1 . Gain = (S.P) - (C.P); Loss = (C.P) - (S.P) 9 . If there is a profit of x% and loss of y% in
G ain x 1 0 0 SP CP a transaction, then the resultant profit and loss
2. Gain%= = CP x 1 00 percent is
C. P.
xy
Lo ssx 1 0 0 CP S P xy according to the (+)ve and
Loss%= = x 100 100
C. P. CP
the (-)ve signs respectively.
3 . When the cost price and gain percent are
1 0 . If cost price of x articles is equal to the
given,
selling price of y articles, then profit percent.
100 Gain%
S.P. = C.P. x x y
100 = x 100
y
4 . When the cost price and loss percent are
given SOLVED EXAMPLES
100 Loss%
S.P. = C.P. x
1 . A man buys a toy for Rs. 25 and sells it
100
for Rs. 30. Find his gain percent.
5 . When the selling price and gain percent Ans: Gain = 30 - 25 = Rs. 5
are given
5
100 Gain % = x 1 0 0 Rs. 2 0 %
C.P. = S.P. x 100 Gain% 25
2 . By selling a watch for Rs. 144 a man
6 . When the selling price and loss percent loses 10%. At what price should he sell it in
are given order to gain 10%?
100
Ans: S.P. = Rs. 144; Loss = 10%
C.P. = S.P. x (1 0 0 Lo ss% )
100
C. P. Rs x 144
100 10
100 If S.P = Rs. 50, loss = Rs. ( x-50)
= Rs. x 1 4 4 Rs. 1 6 0
90 5
(X 4 0 ) (X 5 0 ) x X
Gain required = 15% 100
5
115 10 x X X R s. 2 0 0 0
S. P. Rs. x 1 6 0 Rs. 1 8 4 100
100
6 . A grocer sells rice at a profit of 10% and
Short cut: uses weights which are 20% less than the
144 marked weight. The total gain earned by him
Required SP = x 1 1 5 Rs.1 8 4 will be
90
3 . I sold a book at a profit of 16%. Had I Ans: Let us consider a packet of rice marked
sold it for Rs. 18 more, 20% would have been 1 Kg.
gained. Find the cost price. Then its actual weight=80% of 1Kg.=0.8 Kg.
Ans: Here 120% of C.P. _ 116% of C.P. Let C.P. of 1 Kg be Rs. x
= Rs. 18 Then C.P. of 0.8Kg = Rs. 0.8 x
Now, S.P. = 110% of C.P. of 1 Kg
4% of cos t Rs.18
110
18 x100 = 1 0 0 x X Rs. 11
. X
C. P. Rs.450
4
0 .3 X
Formula : Gain %= 0 .8 X x 100% = 37.5%
M o re g ain x 1 0 0 7 . The cost price of 10 articles is equal to
C.P = D if f . in p erc en t ag e p ro f it the selling price of 9 articles. Find the gain
percent.
1 8 x1 0 0
= Rs. 4 5 0 Ans: Let the cp of 1 article = Rs. 1
20 16
Then CP of 9 articles = Rs. 9
4 . A shopkeeper mixes two varieties of tea,
one costing Rs. 35 per kg. and another at CP of 10 articles = Rs. 10
Rs. 45 per kg. in the ratio 3:2. If he sells the SP of 9 articles = Rs. 10
mixed variety at Rs. 41.60 per kg. what is his
10 9 100 1
gain or loss percent? Gain = 100 11 %
9 9 9
Ans: - C.P of 5 kg. mix
8 . A boy buys oranges at Rs. 2 for 3 or-
= Rs. (35x3+45x2) = Rs. 195
anges and sells them at one rupee each. To
S.P. of 5 kg. mix = Rs. (41.60x5) make a profit of Rs. 10 he must sell:
= Rs. 208 Ans: Suppose he sells x oranges.
Gain = Rs. (208-195) = Rs. 13
2
13 2 CP of x oranges = Rs. x
Gain% = x 100 6 % 3
195 3 SP of x oranges = Rs. x
5 . By selling a table for Rs. 40 instead of 2x x
Rs. 50, 5% more is lost. Find the cost of the Profit on x oranges = x- =
table. 3 3
Ans : Let the C.P. be Rs. x x
10 x = 30
Then if S.P.=Rs. 40, loss=Rs. ( x-40) 3
9 . A man sells two horses for Rs. 4000 each 6 . A dishonest dealer claims to sell his goods
neither losing nor gaining in the deal. If he sold at cost price, but he uses a weight of 960 gm
one horse at a gain of 25%, the other horse for the kg weight. His gain percent is
would be sold at a loss of:
1
Ans: Let the other horse be sold at x% loss 1) 4% 2) 4 %
6
25 x
Then 25 - x- 0
100 1 3
3) 2 % 4) 3 %
x 20% 2 4
1 0 . A discount series of 10%, 20% and 40% 7 . By selling a vehicle for Rs. 36,300, a per-
is equal to a single discount of ..... son gains 21% profit. What was his gain in
Ans: Equivalent single discount Rupees?
1) Rs. 3,000 2) Rs. 7,623
60 80
= 100 x x 90 56.8% 3) Rs. 3,600 4) Rs. 6,300
100 100
8 . Hameed bought a calculator for Rs. 520
PRACTICE TEST and sold it with 15% profit on the price he
bought. At what price did he sell the calcula-
1 . By selling an article for Rs. 100, one gains tor?
Rs. 10. Then the gain percent is 1) Rs. 598/- 2) Rs. 542/-
1) 1 0 % 2) 9 % 3) Rs. 528/- 4) Rs. 780/-
1 1 9 . Ramesh purchased four old cycles at the
3) 11 % 4) 10 % rate of Rs. 625 for each. He spent Rs. 175 on
9 2
each cycle for repairing and painting. At what
2 . A loss of 5% was suffered by selling a
price should he sell each cycle in order to make
plot for Rs. 4,085. The cost price of the plot
35% profit on the money he spent?
wa s:
1) Rs. 1,019 2) Rs. 1,000
1) Rs. 4350 2) Rs. 4259.25
3) Rs. 1,080 4) Rs. 844
3) Rs. 4200 4) Rs. 4300
1 0 . Raghu bought 10kg. of sugar at the rate
3 . A dealer sold a mixer for Rs. 420 at a
of Rs. 14 per kg and 15kg. of sugar at the
loss of 12.5%. At what price should he have
rate of Rs. 16 per kg. He mixed the two vari-
sold it to gain 12.5%?
eties and sold the mixture at the rate of Rs.
1) Rs. 620 2) Rs. 540 18 per kg. What was his total gain by doing
3) Rs. 650 4) Rs. 750 4 . so?
4 . On selling 33m. of cloth, a person gained 1) Rs. 50 2) Rs. 70
an amount equivalent to the S.P. of 11m. of
3) Rs. 40 4) Rs. 80
cloth. The profit in the deal is
1 1 . Ravi buys a radio three-fourth of its value
1) 5 0 % 2) 2 0 %
and sells it for 20% more than its value. What
3) 7 0 % 4) 3 0 % will be the profit percent?
5 . There are two consecutive discounts of 1) 5 0 % 2) 4 0 %
35% and 10% on a saree. If a person paid Rs.
3) 6 0 % 4) 7 0 %
1170 for that, then what was the original price
of the saree before the discounts? 1 2 . A man buys pencils at 10 for Rs. 3 and
sells at 8 for Rs. 3. His gain percent is
1) Rs. 2,000 2) Rs. 1,800
1) 20 2) 25 3) 30 4) 27
3) Rs. 1,900 4) Rs. 1,700
1 3 . A fruit seller buys lemons at 2 for a ru- 2 1 . Nimesh bought a cycle for Rs. 1,850.He
pee and sells them at 5 for three rupees. His spent Rs.380 for buying different accesso-
gain percent is ries. Approximately, at what price should he
1) 1 0 % 2) 1 5 % sell the cycle to make 20% profit in the trans-
3) 2 0 % 4) 1 2 % action?
1 4 . Toffee are bought at a rate of 8 for one 1) Rs. 2900 2) Rs. 2676
rupee. To gain 60% they must be sold at 3) Rs. 3000 4) Rs. 3125
1) 6 for Re. 1 2) 5 for Re. 1
22. A man buys an article and sells it at a profit
3) 9 for Re. 2 4) 24 for Re. 5 of 20%.If he bought at 20%less and sold it
1 5 . By selling sugar at Rs. 5.58 per kg. a man for Rs. 75 less, he would have gained 25%.
loses 7%. To gain 7% it must be sold at the What is the cost price ?
rate of Rs.
1) Rs. 375 2) Rs. 425
1) 5.62 per kg 2) 6.42 per kg
3) Rs. 350 4)Data inadequate
3) 7.32 per kg 4) 6.62 per kg
1 6 . A tradesman's prices are 20% above 23. A man sells a car to his friend at 10%
C.P. He allows his customers some discount loss. If the friend sells it for Rs. 54,000 and
on his bill and makes a profit of 8%. The rate gains 20%, the C.P. of the car was:
of discount is : 1) Rs. 25,000 2) Rs. 37,500
1) 1 0 % 2) 1 2 % 3) Rs. 50,000 4) Rs. 60,000
3) 1 4 % 4) 1 6 % 24. Listed price of an article is Rs. 65. A
1 7 . An article was sold at a loss of 5%.If it customer pays Rs. 56.16 for it. He was given
were sold for Rs. 30 more ,the gain would have two successive discounts. If the first discount
been 1.25%. The cost price of the article is
is 10% find the second .
1) Rs. 488 2) Rs. 480
1) 8% 2) 6% 3) 5 % 4) 4%
3) Rs. 460 4) Rs. 420
25. A single discount equivalent to a discount
1 8 . Anitha sold a painting at a profit of 11%.
series of 20%,10% and 25% is
Had she sold it for Rs.175 more, she would
have gained 18%. The C.P of the painting is 1) 55% 2) 54%
1) Rs. 2250 2) Rs. 2350 3) 46% 4) 42%
3) Rs. 2500 4) Rs. 2550 2 6 . A trader allows two successive discounts
1 9 . Pradeep bought a toy with 20% discount of 20% and 10%. if he sells an article for Rs.
on its labelled price. He sold it for Rs. 468 at 108, then the market price of the article is
4% profit on the labelled price. At what price 1) Rs. 140 2) Rs. 142
did he by the toy ?
3) Rs. 148 4) Rs. 150
1) Rs. 450 2) Rs. 360
3) Rs. 390 4) Rs. 380 2 7 . A person bought 20 litres of milk at the
rate of Rs. 8 per litre. He got it churned after
2 0 . Arun purchased a bag with 25% discount
spending Rs. 10 and got 5 kg. of cream and
on the labelled price. At what percentage
profit on the price he bought should he sell it 20 litres of toned milk. If he sold the cream at
to make 20% profit on the labelled price? Rs. 30 per kg. and toned milk at Rs. 4 per li-
1) 6 0 % 2) 4 0 % tre, his profit in the transaction is
3) 4 5 % 4) 5 0 % 1) 25% 2) 35.3%
3) 3 7. 5 % 4) 42%
2 8 . A dishonest dealer sells his goods at the 3 3 . A shop keeper bought 16 dozen toys at
cost price but still earns a profit of 25%. by the rate of Rs. 703.20 per dozen. He sold them
underweighing. What weight does he use for with 20% profit on the price he bought. Approxi-
a kg ? mately , at what price did he sell each toy?
1) 750gm. 2) 800gm. 1) Rs.70 2) Rs.75
3) 825gm. 4) 825gm. 3) Rs. 65 4) Rs.80
2 9 . On selling a certain commodity for 3 4 . Prashanth buys mangoes at 3 per kg.for
Rs 425, there is as much gain as loss on sell- Rs 21 and sells them at 5 kg. for Rs.50. To
ing it for Rs 355. the C.P of the commodity earn Rs. 102 as profit ,he must sell
1) Rs. 370 2) Rs. 385 1) 34 kg. 2) 52 kg.
3) Rs. 390 4) Rs. 400 3) 26 kg. 4) 32 kg.
30. A person bought some oranges @ Rs. 10 3 5 . A man loses Rs. 50 by selling toys at the
per dozen and bought the same number of or- rate of Rs 3 per toy but gains Rs .75. If he
anges @ Rs. 8 per dozen. He sold these or- sells them at Rs 3.25 per toy. The number of
anges @ Rs. 11 per dozen and gained Rs 120. toys sold by him is
The total number of oranges bought by him 1) 5 0 0 2) 6 0 0
wa s 3) 7 5 0 4) 1 0 0 0
1) 30 dozen 2) 40 dozen 3 6 . A radio is sold at a gain of 16%. If it had
3) 50 dozen 4) 60 dozen been bought at 10% less and sold for Rs. 14
3 1 . The marked price of a table is Rs 3000 less; there would have been a gain of 25%.
and is available at successive discounts of 20% The cost price of the radio is
and 10% respectively. If there is an additional 1) Rs. 500 2) Rs. 375
discount of 5% on cash payment, then what 3) Rs. 400 3) Rs. 500
is the cash price of the table? 3 7 . Price of food grains have risen by 10%
1) Rs. 2400 2) Rs. 2052 and of other items of consumption by 15%. If
3) Rs. 2100 4) Rs.1640 the ratio of an employee's expenditure on food
3 2 . Ramesh bought 12kg . of sugar at the grains and other items is 2:5, by how much
rate of Rs 9.50 per kg. and 18 kg of sugar at should his salary be increased so that he may
the rate of Rs. 12.50 per kg. He mixed the maintain the same level of consumption as
two varieties and sold the mixture at the rate before, assuming that his present salary is Rs.
of Rs.12.00 per kg. Approximately what was 3500?
his percentage gain in this transaction? 1) Rs. 300 2) Rs. 350
1) 6 2) 8 3) Rs. 375 4) Rs. 475
3) 4 4) Data inadequate
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE
1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (2) 4. (1) 5 . (1) 6. (2) 7. (4) 8.(1)
9. (3) 1 0 . (2) 1 1 . (3) 1 2 . (2) 13. (3) 1 4 . (2) 1 5 . (2) 16.(1)
1 7 . (2) 1 8 . (3) 1 9 . (2) 2 0 . (1) 21.(2) 2 2 . (1) 2 3 . (3) 2 4 . (4)
2 5 . (3) 2 6 . (4) 2 7 . (2) 28.(2) 29.(3) 3 0 . (4) 3 1 . (2) 32.(1)
3 3 . (1) 3 4 . (1) 3 5 . (1) 36.(3) 37.(4)
Bank Probationary Officer
Quantitative Aptitude AVERAGE
An average, or an arithmetic mean, is the Direct Formula
sum of `n' different data divided by `n' Age of new entrant = New average + No.
of old members x change in average
su m o f d at a
Average = N o. o f d at a = 15+30(15-14) = 45 years.
2 . The average weight of 8 men is increased
sum of data by 1.5 g. when one of the men who weighs
No. of data = Average
65 kg is replaced by a new man. The weight
Sum = Average x No. of data of the new man is:
Points to remember: Weight of the new man = Weight of the man
replaced + (Number x change in average)
1 . Age of new entrant = New average +
No. of old members x change in average = 65 + (8x1.5) = 65+12 = 77 kg.
2 . Age of one who left = New average - 3 . The average of 11 results is 50. If the
No. of old members x change in average average of first six results is 49 and that of
last six is 52, find the sixth result.
3 . Age of new person = Age of the removed
person + No. of members x change in aver- The sum of 11 results = 11x50 = 550
a ge The sum of first 6 results = 6x49 = 294
In all the above three cases, if there is a The sum of last 6 results = 6x52 = 312
decrease in the average, the sign of change in Sixth results = 294+312-550 = 56
average will be negative. 4 . There were 35 students in a hostel. If
4 . If a certain distance is covered at x km/hr the number of students increased by 7, the
and the same distance is covered by y km/hr, expenses of the mess were increased by Rs.
then the average speed during the whole jour- 42 per day, while the average expenditure per
ney is head diminished by Re. 1. The original expen-
2 xy
diture of the mess was:
x y
km/hr Ans: Let the original expenditure per head be
Rs. x.
Examples
Then 35 x + 42 = ( x-1) 42
1 . The average age of 30 boys of a class is
equal to 14 years. When the age of the class 35 x + 42 = 42 x - 42 or x = 12
teacher is included the average becomes 15 5 . The average expenditure of a man for the
years. Find the age of the class teacher. first five months was Rs. 120 and for the next
Total age of 30 boys = 14x30=420 years seven months is Rs. 130. What was his
monthly average income if he saved Rs. 290
Total age when the teacher is included in that years.
= 15x31 = 465 years Total income for 12 months.
Age of the class teacher = Rs. (120x5+130x7+290)
= 465 - 420 = 45 years = Rs. 1800
Average monthly income 6.30 on second day. If I spent Rs. 10 on third
1800 day, what did I spend on the 4th day?
= Rs.150
12 1) Rs. 2/- 2) Rs. 3/-
6 . There are 50 boys in a class. Their aver- 3) Rs. 4/- 4) Nothing
age weight is 45 kg. When one boy leaves the 5 . The average temperature on Tuesday,
class, the average reduces by 100 gms. Find Wednesday and Thursday was 37° centigrade.
the weight of the boy who left the class. The average tempeature on Wednesday,
Weight of the boy left = New average - Thursday and Friday was 38° centigrade. If
No. of old members x change in average the temperature on Friday was 39° centigrade,
= 44.9-50x(-0.1) = 44.9+5 = 49.9kg. the temperature on Tuesday was:
7 . The average attendance in a school for 1) 35° C 2) 36° C
the first 4 days of the week is 30 and for the 3) 37° C 4) 38° C
first 5 days of the week is 32. The attendance 6 . The average age of students in two
on the fifth day is: classes of 40 students each is 10 years and 8
Total attendance for the first 4 days years respectively. The average age of stu-
= 4x30 = 120 dents in both the classes taken together is:
Total attendance for the first 5 days 1) 8 years 2) 9 years
= 5x32 = 160 3) 10 years 4) 11 years
Attendance on the fifth day 7 . The average age of 50 soldiers in troop
= 160-120 = 40 is 25 years. If the captain's age is included,
the average age of all of them still remains
PRACTICE TEST the same. What is the captain's age in years?
1) 2 5 2) More than 25
1 . The marks obtained by a student in five
subjects are 68,73,62,85 and 79. Find the 3) Less than 25 4) Cannot be
average score. determined
1) 7 3 2) 7 3. 4 8 . Two towns A and B are some distance
3) 7 5 4) 7 4. 5 apart. A girl cycles from A to B at a speed of
10 km/hr and then back from B to A at the
2 . The average income of a group of 9 work-
rate of 15 km/ hr. The average speed during
ers is Rs. 137.30 and that of another group of
the journey is:
7 workers is Rs. 95.06. The average income
of all the persons is: 1) 12.5 km/hr 2) 15 km/hr
1) Rs. 118.82 2) Rs. 116.18 3) 12 km/hr 4) 13.5 km/hr
3) Rs. 125.18 4) Rs. 128.15 9 . An employee's average contribution to
3 . There are 40 boys in a class. One boy his provident fund for the first 9 months was
weighing 40 kg goes away, and at the same Rs. 3,500 each and for each of the remaining
time another boy joins the class. If the aver- 3 months, the contribution was Rs. 5,500. By
age weight of the class is thus increased by what amount was his total contribution short
100 gm, the weight of the new boy is. of Rs. 58,000?
1) 39.9 kg 2) 44.1 kg 1) Rs. 4,000 2) Rs. 16,500
3) 40.1 kg 4) 44 kg 3) Rs. 8,000 4) Rs. 10,000
4 . My average expenses for 4 days is Rs. 1 0 . What fraction must be subtracted from
6.00. I spend Rs. 7.70 on first day and Rs. 1 1
the sum of and to have an average of
4 6
1 1 8 . The average monthly expenditure of a
of these the two fractiaons? family was Rs. 2,200 during first 3 months,
12
Rs. 2,550 during next 4 months and Rs. 3,120
1 1 1 1 during last 5 months of the year. If the total
1) 2) 3) 4) saving during the year was Rs. 1,260, find
3 2 4 8
average monthly income.
1 1 . The average marks of 12 students was
calculated as 40. But it was later found that 1) Rs. 3,960 2) Rs. 760.8
marks of one student had been entered 3) Rs. 2,805 4) Rs. 3,125
wrongly as 42 instead of 54 and of another as 1 9 . 30 pens and 75 pencils were purchased
74 instead of 50. The correct average is: for Rs. 510. if the average price of a pencil
1) 3 9 2) 4 0 3) 4 1 4) 4 3 was Rs. 2.00, find the average price of a pen.
1 2 . The average salary of workers in an in- 1) Rs. 12 2) Rs. 15
dustry is Rs. 2000, the average salary of 150 3) Rs. 19 4) Rs. 25
technicians being Rs. 4000, and the non-tech-
2 0 . the average age of the husband and wife
nicians being Rs. 1,250. The total number of
who were married 7 years ago was 25 years
workers is
then. The average age of the family including
1) 4 5 0 2) 3 0 0 the husband, wife and the child born during
3) 5 5 0 4) 500 the interval is 22 years, now. How old is the
1 3 . The average age of a husband and a wife child now?
who were married four years ago was 20 years 1) 2 years 2) 3.5 years
then. What will be the average age of the fam- 3) 1 years 4) 4 years
ily now if they have a three years old child?
2 1 . Average monthly income of a family of
2 1 four earning members was Rs. 735. One of
1) 15 years 2) 1 6 years the earning members died and therefore the
3 3
average income came down to Rs. 650. The
3) 17 years 4) 16 years
income of the deceased was:
1 4 . The average of three consecutive odd
1) Rs. 820 2) Rs. 990
numbers is 39. What is the sum of the first
two of these numbers? 3) Rs. 692.50 4) Rs. 1,385
1) 7 8 2) 7 6 3) 2 4 4) 1 1 2 2 . A batsman has certain average runs for
20 innings. In the 21st inning, he served 107
1 5 . If the average of 9 consecutive numbers
runs thereby increasing his average by 2. What
is 20, the highest of these numbers is:
is his average after 21 innings?
1) 2 0 2) 2 1 3) 2 4 4) 2 6
1) 6 7 2) 6 5 3) 6 0 4) 7 2
1 6 . The sum of two consecutive even num-
2 3 . Nine men went to hotel. 8 of them spent
bers is 23 more than the average of these two
Rs. 3 each over their meals and the ninth spent
numbers. What is the second number?
Rs. 2 more than the average expenditure of
1) 2 2 2) 2 4 3) 2 6 all the nine. The total money spent by all of
4) Data indequate them was
1 7 . The average of 17 numbers is 10.9 If the 1) Rs. 26 2) Rs. 40
average of first nine is 10.5 and that of the 3) Rs. 27 4) Rs. 29
last nine is 11.4, the middle number is
2 4 . Keshav is given 12 days to drive a desti-
1) 1 1. 8 2) 1 1. 4 nation 1200 km. away. for the first 6 days he
3) 1 0. 9 4) 1 1. 7 goes 100km a day. Due to accident, he can-
not drive for 2 days. What is the average dis- 1
tance per day that he has to drive to reach his of 300 km in 7 hrs. and the other a journey
2
destination in time?
of 450 km in 10 hrs. Find the ratio of their
1) 50 km 2) 100 km. average speeds.
3) 150 km 4) 200 km. (1) 4: 5 2) 9: 8
2 5 . In a cricket team eleven, the average age (3) 8: 9 4) 5: 4
of eleven players is 28 years. Out of these,
2 9 . A man spends Rs. 1800 per month on an
the average of three groups of three players
average for the first four months and Rs. 2000
each are 25 years, 28 years and 30 years.
per month for the next 8 months and saves
The captain and the youngest player who is
Rs. 5600 a year. What is his average monthly
11 years younger than the captain are not in-
income?
cluded in these groups. The age of the captain
is 1) Rs. 2400 2) Rs. 2000
1) 33 years 2) 34 years 3) Rs. 1800 4) Rs. 2500
3) 35 years 4) 36 years 3 0 . In a class there are three divisions. The
number of students and the average marks in
2 6 . Average income of A and B is Rs. 3000
mathematics in the three divisions are 30, 40,
and of C and D is Rs. 500. What is the aver-
30 and 40%, 30% and 50% respectively.
age income of A, B, C and D.
What are the average marks in mathematics
(1) 1 5 0 0 (2) 1 7 5 0 of the class?
(3) 1 7 0 0 (4) 2 0 0 0 1) 3 9 2) 4 0 3) 4 1 4) 5 1
2 7 . Five years ago average age of P and Q 3 1 . Visitors to a show were charged Rs. 15.00
was 15 years. Average age of P, Q and R to- each on the first day, Rs. 7.50 on the second
day is 20 years. How old R will be after 10 day, Rs. 2.50 on the third day and total atten-
years. dance on the three days were in the ratio
(1) 32 yrs. (2) 25 yrs. 2:5:13 respectively. The average charge per
(3) 35 yrs. (4) 30 yrs. person for the whole show is
2 8 . One of the two buses complete a journey 1) Rs. 3.00 2) Rs. 4.50
3) Rs. 5.00 4) Rs. 7.50
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (2) 2. (1) 3. (4) 4. (4) 5 . (2) 6. (2) 7. (1) 8.(3)
9. (4) 1 0 . (3) 1 1 . (1) 1 2 . (3) 13. (3) 1 4 . (2) 1 5 . (3) 16.(2)
1 7 . (1) 1 8 . (3) 1 9 . (1) 2 0 . (1) 21.(2) 2 2 . (1) 2 3 . (4) 2 4 . (3)
2 5 . (3) 2 6 . (2) 2 7 . (4) 2 8 . (3) 2 9 . (1) 3 0 . (1) 3 1 . (3)
Bank Probationary Officer
Quantitative Aptitude
RATIO & PROPORTION
Ratio: The number of times one quantity con- ii) In a:b : : c:d, d is the fourth proportional
tains another quantity of the same kind is called to a,b and c.
ratio of the two quantities. The ratio of a to b iii) If x is the third proportional to a and b
is written as then a: b : : b: x.
iv) Mean proportional between a and b is
a : b a a b
b (ab).
In the ratio a : b, a and b are called the terms Other properties
of ratio, `a' is the antecedent and `b' is the
consequent. a c
If `or' a: b : : c:d.
b d
Points to remember:
ab cd
i) The order of the terms in a ratio is very i)
b d
important
ii) The quantities of a ratio must be ex- ab c d
ii)
pressed in the same units. b d
iii) The ratio is unaltered if each term is
ab c d
multiplied or divided by the same num- iii)
ber. ab c d
iv) When a certain quantity`q' is divided in a c a c ka kc
a given ratio a:b, the two parts are iv)
b d b d kb kd
aq bq Solved examples:
and
ab a b
1 . If a: b = 4:5 and b:c = 6:7, find the
v) If a: b and c : d are two ratios, then ratios a:c and a:b:c
ac: bd is called the compounded ratio of the
given ratios. a 4 b 6
Given, ;
b 5 c 7
Proportion: The equality of the two ratios is
called proportion. Suppose the two ratios a:b a b 4 6 a 24
and c:d are equal, i.e, a:b = c:d, then we write, x x (ie )
b c 5 7 c 35
a:b: : c:d
a: c 24 : 35
Here, a and d are called as extremes and b, c
are called means. Here `b' term is common to both the equa-
Rule: tions and so their corresponding values should
be made equal.
i) ad = bc `or'
(ie) a:b = 24 : 3 0
Product of extremes = Product of
means. b:c = 30 : 35
a : b: c 24 : 30 : 35
2. Divide Rs. 54 in the ratio 4 : 5 3
Sum of ratios = 4+5 = 9 = x 40 30 litres
4
4 Quantity of water = 40-30=10 litres
First part = 54 x 9 = Rs. 24
Suppose x litres of water be added in 40 litres
5 of mixture.
Second part = 54 x = Rs. 30
9
30 2
3 . In a ratio, which is equal to 7 : 8 , if the 1 0 x 1 2 10 x 30 x 5 litres
antecedent is 35, what is the consequent?
7 . Two numbers are such that the ratio be-
Let the consequent be x
tween them is 3:5 but if each is increased by
10, the ratio between them becomes 5:7. Find
8x3 5 the numbers.
8x 35 ; x 40
7 Let the numbers be 3 x and 5x
4. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 3 x 10 5
1 1 1 Then
: : . If the perimeter is 104 cms, find 5 x 10 7
2 3 4
the length of the smallest side. 7 (3 x+10)=5(5 x+10) x = 5
1 1 1
: : 6: 4:3 The numbers are 15 and 25
Given ratio is
2 3 4 8 . A bag contains rupees, fifty paise, and
(Multiplying with the L.C.M. of twenty five paise coins in the proportion 5:6:8.
2,3, & 4) If the total amount is Rs. 210. Find the num-
ber of coins of each kind.
Sum of ratio = 6+4+3= 13
Ans: Let there be 5 rupee coins, 6 fifty paise
3
de
Smallest side x 1 0 4 2 4 cms. coins, and 8 twenty five paise coins the value
13 of 6 fifty paise coins
5 . The incomes of A and B are in the ratio = Rs. 3
2:3 and their expenditure are in the ratio 1:2,
If each saves Rs. 2,400, find A's income. The value of 8 twenty five paise coins
Let the income of A and B be 2x and 3x = Rs. 2
Since, Income - Savings = Expenditure, The number of rupee coins
(2x - 2400) : (3 x - 2400) = 1:2 5 x2 1 0
= 105
2 (2 x-2400) = 3 x - 2400 10
x = 2400 The number of 50 paise coins
As income 2 x=2x2400
6 x2 1 0
= Rs. 4800. = 126
10
6 . In 40 litres mixture of milk and water,
the ratio of milk and water is 3:1. How much The number of 25 paise coins
water should be added in the mixture so that
8 x2 1 0
the ratio of milk to water becomes 2:1? = 168
10
In 40 litres of mixture, quantity of milk
girls should be admitted to make the ratio 1:1?
PRACTICE TEST
1) 9 0 2) 1 2 0
1. If A:B = 3:2 B:C= 4:3 then A:B:C=? 3) 2 2 0 4) 2 4 0
1) 6:4:3 2) 3:2:3 1 1 . The ratio of the number of boys and girls
3) 3:4:3 4) 3:2:1 at a party was 1:2 but when 2 boys and 2
2 . Ratio between two numbers is 3:2 and girls left, the ratio became 1:3. then the num-
their difference is 225, then the smaller num- ber of persons initially in the party was
ber is: 1) 2 4 2) 3 6
1) 9 0 2) 6 7 5 3) 1 2 4) 1 5
3) 1 3 5 4) 4 5 0 1 2 . A sum of Rs. 3400 has been divided
3 . If 2x=3y = 4z, then x : y : z is among A,B and C in such a way that A gets
1) 4:3:2 2) 6:3:4 2 1
of what B gets and B gets of what C
3) 3:4:2 4) 6:4:3 3 4
4 . The mean proportion between 9 and 36 gets. Then, B's share is
is 1) Rs. 600 2) Rs. 340
1) 2 2. 5 2) 1 8 3) Rs. 400 4) Rs. 500
3) 6 4) 3 6 1 3 . Two numbers are in the ratio 3:5, If 8 is
5 . The fourth proportion to 3,6,15 is subtracted from each, then they are in the ratio
1:3. Then, the second number is
1) 1 5 2) 3 0 3) 5 4) 1 8
1) 1 5 2) 2 0
6 . Two numbres are in the ratio 7:9. If 12
is subtracted from each of them, the ratio 3) 4 4) 1 2
becomes 3:5. The product of the numbers is: 1 4 . The proportion of copper and zinc in brass
1) 4 3 2 2) 5 6 7 is 13:7. How much zinc will be there in 100
kg of brass?
3) 1 5 7 5 4) 1 2 6 3
1) 20 kg 2) 35 kg
7 . What must be added to each term of the
ratio 7:13 so that the ratio becomes 2:3? 3) 45 kg 4) 50kg
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 5 1 5 . The ratio of the father's age to son's age
is 4:1. The product of their ages is 196. The
8 . A total amount of Rs. 1800 is to be di- ratio of their ages after 5 years will be:
vided among A,B and C in such a way that
half of A's part, one third of B's part and one- 1) 3: 1 2) 10 : 3
fourth of C's part is equal. The A's part is 3) 11 : 4 4) 14 : 5
1) Rs. 400 2) Rs. 600 1 6 . The ages of Manoj and Amit are in the
3) Rs. 800 4) Rs. 900 ratio 2:3. After 12 years, their ages will be in
the ratio 11:15. The age of Amit is:
9 . A sum of Rs. 53 is divided among A,B,C
in such a way that A gets Rs. 7 more than B 1) 32 years 2) 40 years
and B to gets Rs. 8 more than C. Then the 3) 48 years 4) 56 years
ratio of their shares is 1 7 . Rs. 780 is divided among 2 men, 6 women
1) 10: 18:25 2) 18: 25:10 and 8 boys so that the share of a man, a woman
3) 25: 18:10 4) 15: 18:20 and a boy are in the ratio 3:2:1. Then, how
much does a boy get?
1 0 . The ratio of number of boys and girls in a
school of 720 students is 7:5. How many more 1) Rs. 130 2) Rs. 60
3) Rs. 240 4) Rs. 40
1 8 . The ratio between the annual incomes of 2 4 . The ratio of the number of gents to la-
A and B is 5:4 and between their expenditures dies in a party was 2:3. When 20 more gents
is 4:3. If at the end of the year, A and B re- joined the group, the ratio was reversed. The
spectively save Rs. 400 and Rs. 500, then the number of ladies in the party was
income of A is: 1) 16 2) 2 4 3) 3 0 4) 3 6
1) Rs. 4,000 2) Rs. 3,200 2 5 . The HCF of three numbers is 12. If they
3) Rs. 3,700 4) Rs. 4,800 are in the ratio of 1:2:3, the numbers are
1 9 . A bag contains one rupee, 50 paise and 1) 12, 24, 36 2) 10, 20, 30
25 paise coins in the ratio 5:7:9. If the total
amount in the bag is Rs. 430, find the number 3) 5, 10, 15 4) 4, 8, 12
of coins of 25 paise. 2 6 . If the ratio of the areas of two squares is
1) 2 0 0 2) 2 8 0 1:4, the ratio of their perimeters is
3) 3 6 0 4) 3 0 0 1) 1: 2 2) 1: 4
2 0 . A mixture contains milk and water in the 3) 1: 6 4) 1: 8
ratio 3:2. If 4 litres of water is added to the 2 7 . Two numbers are such that their differ-
mixture, milk and water in the mixture becomes ence, their sum and their product are in the
equal. The quantity of milk in the mixture in ratio of 1:7:24. The product of the numbers
litre is. is
1) 1 8 2) 4 1) 6 2) 1 2 3) 2 4 4) 4 8
3) 6 4) 1 2
2 8 . The incomes of A, B and C are in the ra-
1 2 tio 7:9:12 and their spending are in the ratio
2 1 . Two equal glasses are and full of
2 3
1
milk respectively. The two are completely filled 8:9:15. If A saves th of his income, then
4
up with water. The contents of the two glasses
the savings of A,B and C are in the ratio
are then mixed in another vessel. The ratio of
of
milk and water in the vessel is
1) 5: 7 2) 7: 5 1) 56: 99:69 2) 99: 56:69
3) 1: 1 4) 2: 3 3) 69: 56:99 4) 99: 69:56
2 2 . An amount is to be distributed among A,B 2 9 . Rs. 180 contained in a box is made up of
and C in the ratio 3:7:5 respectively. If the one rupee, 50 paise, and 25 paise coins in the
difference in the shares of A and B is Rs. 7,600/ proportion of 2:3:4. What is the number of 50
- what will be the share of C? paise coins?
1) Rs. 5,700 2) Rs. 19,000 1) 150 2) 1 8 0
3) Rs. 9,500 4) Rs. 10,000 3) 240 4) 120
2 3 . Two varieties of oil are mixed in the ratio 30. 81 is divided into three parts, such that
4:3 to produce first quality and if they are half of the first part, one-third of the second
mixed in the ratio 2:3 second quality is ob- part and one-fourth of the third part are equal.
tained. How many kg. of the first quality be The third part is more than the first by
mixed with 10kg of the second quality so that
1) 9 2) 1 8
a third quality having the two verieties in the
ratio 5 : 4 may be produced? 3) 27 4) 3 6
1) 48 kg 2) 42 kg 3 1 . 94 is divided into two parts in such a way
3) 88 kg 4) 98 kg that the fifth part of the first and eight parts
of the second are in the ratio 3:4. The first the wages bill is increased or decreased.
part is. 1) 21: 20 2) 20: 21
1) 2 2) 3 0 3) 3 6 4) 4 8 3) 25: 26 4) 26: 25
3 2 . If a carton containing a dozen mirrors is 3 8 . A and B are two alloys of gold and cop-
dropped, which of the following cannot be the per prepared by mixing metals in the ratio 7:2
ratio of broken mirros to unbroken mirros? and 7:11 respectively. If equal quantities of
1) 2: 1 2) 3: 1 alloys are melted to form a third alloy C. Find
the ratio of gold and copper in C.
3) 3: 2 3) 7: 5
1) 5: 7 2) 7: 5
3 3 . Two-third of Reya's money is equal to
one-fifth of Sobha's ,money. What is the ratio 3) 6: 5 4) 5: 6
between their share of money? 3 9 . A shopkeeper mixes two kinds of flour,
1) 2: 5 2) 3: 10 one costing Rs. 3.50 per kg and the other Rs.
2.25 per kg. so that the price of the mixture is
3) 4: 5 4) 10 : 3
Rs. 2.75 per kg. The ratio of first kind of flour
3 4 . The ratio of number of boys and girls in a to that of the second must be
school is 3:2. If 20% of the boys and 30% of
1) 3: 4 2) 4: 3
the girls are scholarship holders, the percent-
age of students who do not get scholarship is 3) 3: 2 4) 2: 3
1) 5 0 2) 7 2 4 0 . In what ratio must 25% alcohol be mixed
with 60% alcohol to get a mixture of 40%
3) 7 5 4) 7 6
alcohol strength?
3 5 . 20 litres of a mixture contains milk and
1) 1: 2 2) 2: 1
water in the ratio of 5:3. If 4 litres of this
mixture is replaced by 4 litres of milk, the ra- 3) 4: 3 4) 3: 2
tio of milk to water in the new mixture will be 4 1 . In what proportion must water be mixed
1) 2: 1 2) 5: 3 2
with spirit to gain 16 % % by selling it at cost
3) 7: 3 4) 7: 4 3
3 6 . A sum of Rs. 427 is to be divided among price?
A,B and C in such a way that 3 time A's share, 1) 6: 1 2) 2: 1
4 times B's share and 7 times C's share are all 3) 1: 2 4) 1: 6
equal. The share of C is
4 2 . 15 litres of a mixture contains 20% al-
1) Rs. 84 2) Rs. 147 cohol and the rest water. If 3 litres of water
3) Rs. 196 4) Rs. 240 be mixed in it, the percentage of alcohol in the
3 7 . An employer reduces the number of his new mixture will be 2
employees in the ratio of 9:8 and increases 1) 1 7 2) 1 6
1 3
their wages in the ratio 14:15. in what ratio 3) 1 8 4) 1 5
2
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5 . (2) 6. (2) 7. (4) 8.(1)
9. (3) 1 0 . (2) 1 1 . (3) 1 2 . (1) 13. (2) 1 4 . (2) 1 5 . (3) 16.(3)
1 7 . (2) 1 8 . (1) 1 9 . (3) 2 0 . (4) 21.(2) 2 2 . (3) 2 3 . (4) 24.(2)
2 5 . (1) 2 6 . (1) 2 7 . (4) 2 8 . (1) 29.(4) 3 0 . (2) 3 1 . (2) 3 2 . (3)
3 3 . (2) 3 4 . (4) 3 5 . (3) 3 6 . (1) 37.(1) 3 8 . (2) 39. (4) 40.(3)
41 (4) 4 2 (2)
BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
PARTNERSHIP
Sometimes two or more than two per- Divide the net profit of Rs. 2,40, 000 among
sons agree to run a business jointly. They are the partners.
called partners and the deal is known as part- Ans: Ratio of investment
nership.
= 3,80,000:4,00,000 : 4,20,000
1 . Simple partnership: When capitals of all
the persons are invested for the same time = 19:20:21
intervals, the gain or loss in the business is di- Ratio of profit = 19 : 20 : 21
vided among the partners in the ratio of their
19
investments. Vinod's share=Rs. 2,40,000 x
60
2 . Compound partnership: When capitals of
partners are invested for different time inter- =Rs. 76,000
vals then equivalent capitals are obtained for 20
1 unit of time by multiplying the capital with Ramesh's share = Rs. 2,40,000x
60
the number of units. The gain or loss is now
= Rs. 80,000
divided among partners in the ratio of these
capitals. 21
Arun's share = Rs. 2,40,000x
Formula for compound partnership is 60
= Rs. 84,000
A' s Capital x A' s time in partnership A' s profit
3 . A,B and C enter into a partnership. A con-
B' s capital x B' s time in partnership B' s profit tributes Rs. 3,20,000 for 4 months, B contrib-
Solved Examples utes Rs. 5,10,000 for 3 months and C con-
tributes Rs. 2,70,000 for 5 months. If the to-
1 . Three partners A, B and C agree to di- tal profit be Rs. 1,24,800, whast is C's share?
vide the profit or loss in the ratio 1.50 : 1.75 :
2.25. In a particular year, they earn a profit of Ratio of capitals of A,B &C
Rs. 66,000. Find the share of each. = (3,20,000x4):(5,10,000x3): (2,70,000x5)
Ans: Ratio of profits = 12,80,000 : 15,30,000 : 13,50,000
=1.50:1.75:2.25 =150:175:225 = 6:7:9 = 128 : 153 : 135
6 135
A's share = Rs. 66,000 x = Rs. 18,000 C's share=1,24,800x =Rs. 40,500
22 416
7 4 . A,B and C enter into partnership . A in-
B's share = Rs. 66,000 x = Rs. 21,000
22 vests some money at the beginning. B invests
double the amount after 6 months and C in-
9
C's share = Rs. 66,000 x = Rs. 27,000 vests thrice the amount after 8 months. If the
22 annual profit is Rs. 18,000, what is C's share?
2 . Vinod, Ramesh and Arun started a busi- Ans: Suppose the investment of A is Rs. X
ness jointly by investing Rs. 3,80,000,
Rs. 4,00,000 and Rs. 4,20, 000 respectively. Ratio of investment of A, B, and C
= (12x X) : (6x2 X) : (4x3 X) = 1:1:1
PRACTICE TEST
1
C's share = Rs. 18,000 x =Rs. 6,000 1 . In business A, B and C invested Rs. 380,
3 Rs. 400 and Rs. 420 respectively. What is the
5 . A and B enter into a partnership. A in- share of A if they got Rs. 180 as profit.
vests Rs. 16,000 for 8 months and B remains
1) Rs. 57 2) Rs. 60
in the business for 4 months. Out of a total
3) Rs. 63 3) Rs. 62
2
profit, B claims of the profit. Find the con- 2 . A started a business with a capital of Rs.
7 10,000 and 4 months later, B joined him with
tribution of B. a capital of Rs. 5,000. What is the share of A
Ans: of a total profit of Rs. 2,000 at the end of the
A' s capital x A' s timeinpartnership A' s capital year ?
1) Rs. 2,000 2) Rs. 1,600
B' scapitalx B' stimeinpartnership B' scapital
3) Rs. 1,500 4) Rs. 1,000
16,000 x 8 5/7 3 . A and B together invested Rs. 12,000 in
ie.
B' s Capit alx 4 2 /7 a business. At the end of the year, out of a
total profit of Rs. 1,800, A's share was Rs.
16,000 x 8 x2 750. What was the investment of A?
B's capital = Rs.12,800
4 x5 1) Rs. 5,000 2) Rs. 4,000
6 . A and B enter into a speculation. A puts 3) Rs. 3,500 4) Rs. 5,300
in Rs. 50 and B puts in Rs. 45. At the end of 4
months A withdraws half his capital and at 4 . Rs. 750 is distributed among A, B and C
such that A's share : B's share = 2:3 and B's
the end of 6 months B withdraws half of his
share: C's share = 6:5. The share of A is
capital, C then enters with a capital of
Rs. 70. At the end of 12 months in what ratio 1) Rs. 150 2) Rs. 175
will the profit be divideed? 3) Rs. 200 4) Rs. 250
Ans: A's share : B's share : C's share 5 . A profit of Rs. 450 is divided between
50 45 two partners, one of whom has contributed
= (50x4+ x 8 ):(45x6+ x 6 ) : 70x6 Rs. 1200 for 5 months and the other Rs. 750
2 2
for 4 months. How much amount did the sec-
= 400 : 405 : 420 = 80 : 81 : 84
ond partner receive?
7 . A,B and C enter into a partnership and
their capitals are in the proportion of 1) Rs. 300 2) Rs. 425
3) Rs. 150 4) Rs. 175
1 1 1
: : . A withdraws half of his capital at 6 . A, B and C can do a work in 20, 25 and
3 4 5
30 days respectively. They undertook to fin-
the end of 4 months. Out of a total annual ish the work together for Rs. 2,220. Then the
profit of Rs. 847, A's share is: share of A exceeds that of B by:
Ans: Ratio of capitals in the beginning 1) Rs. 120 2) Rs. 180
1 1 1 3) Rs. 300 4) Rs. 600
= : : 20 :15 :12
3 4 5 7 . Three partners A, B and C invest
Ratio of investment for the whole year Rs. 13,000, Rs, 17,000 and Rs. 5,000
= (20x4+10x8) : (15x12) : (12x12) respetively in a business. They have a profit
= 40 : 45 : 36 of Rs. 1,750. B's share of profit is:
40 1) Rs. 650 2) Rs. 850
A's share = 847 x = Rs. 280 3) Rs. 250 4) Rs. 750
121
8 . A starts a business with Rs. 30,000 and profit of Rs. 64,000. What is A's share in the
4 months after B joins. If at the end of the profit?
year, the profits are divided by A and B in the 1) Rs. 24,000 2) Rs. 25,000
proportion of 9:4, B's capital was:
3) Rs. 40,000 4) Rs. 32,000
1) Rs. 20,000 2) Rs. 25,000
1 3 . A, B and C enter into a partership. A ini-
3) Rs. 20,700 4) Rs. 18,000 tially invests Rs. 25 lakhs and adds another
9 . A invests Rs. 3,000 for one year in a Rs. 10 lakhs after one year. B initially invests
business. How much should B invest in order Rs. 35 lakhs and withdraws Rs. 10 lakhs after
that the profit after 1 year may be divided in two years and C invests Rs. 30 lakhs. In what
the ratio 2:3? ratio should the profits be divided at the end
1) Rs. 2,000 2) Rs. 1,800 of three years?
3) Rs. 3,600 4) Rs. 4,500 1) 20: 19:18 2) 19: 19:18
1 0 . A and B start a business with initial in- 3) 20: 20:19 4) Data inadequate
vestments in the ratio 12:11 and their annual 1 4 . A and B entered into a partnership invest-
profits are in the ratio 4:1. If A invested the ing Rs. 16,000 and Rs. 12,000 respetively.
money for 11 months, B invested the money After 3months A withdrew Rs. 5,000 while B
for: invested Rs. 5,000 more. After three months
2 C joins the business with a capital of Rs.
1) 3 months 2) 3 months 21,000. The share of B exceeds that of C, out
3 of a total profit of Rs. 26,400 after one year
3) 4 months 4) 6 months by
1 1 . Anoop and Manoj invested Rs. 15,000 and 1) Rs. 1,200 2) Rs. 2,400
Rs. 20,000 respectively and opened a shop. 3) Rs. 3,600 4) Rs. 4,800
After one year they had a profit of Rs.
23,100. How much more will Manoj get than 1 5 . Madhu and Sunu entered into a partner-
Anoop? ship by investing Rs. 12,000 and Rs. 9,000
respectively. After 3 months Sony joined them
1) Rs. 3,300 2) Rs. 9,000 with an investment of Rs. 15,000. What is
3) Rs. 13,200 4) Rs. 5,000 the share of Sony in a half yearly profit of Rs.
1 2 . A and B enter into a partnership and in- 9, 5 00?
vest Rs. 1,20,000 and Rs. 2,00,000 respec- 1) Rs. 3,500 2) Rs. 3,000
tively. At the end of two years, they make a 3) Rs. 2,500 4) Rs. 4,000
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (3) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (2) 8.(1)
9. (4) 10. (1) 11. (1) 12. (1) 13. (2) 14. (3) 15. (3)
Bank Probationary Officer
Quantitative Aptitude TIME & DISTANCE
Important Formulae and ii) they walk in the same direction
Dis t an ce Ans : i) If they walk in opposite directions,
1. Speed = they will be 8+10 = 18 km apart in
Time
one hour.
Dis t an ce
2. Time = 1
Speed in 3 hrs, they will be
3. Distance = Speed x Time 2
4 . If the speed of a body is changed in the 7
ratio a:b, the time taken changes in the ratio 18 x 63 km. apart.
2
b:a.
ii) If they walk in the same direction,
5 . If a certain distance is covered at x km/hr their they are 10-8=2 km. apart in
and the same distance is covered at y km/hr one hour.
then the average speed during the whole jour-
1 7
2 xy in 3 hrs, they will be 2 x 7 km
ney is km / hr 2 2
x y apart.
6. To convert a speed in km.per hour to 3 . A train travelling 25 km/hr leaves Delhi
5 at 9 am and another train travelling 35 km/hr
metres per second, multiply it by starts at 2 pm in the same direction. How
18
many km. from Delhi will they be together.
7. To convert a speed in metres per second
Ans: Let the two trains be together x hrs after
18
to km per hour, multiply it by 9 am.
5
Distance travelled by the first train = 25 x km
Solved Examples
Distance travelled by the second train
1 . A and B are two cities. A man travels
= 35 (x-5) km
from A to B at a speed of 15 km/hr. and re-
turns back at the rate of 10km/hr. Find his ie 25x = 35 (x-5) x = 17.5 hrs.
average speed for the whole journey. Required distance = 25x17.5 = 437.5 km.
2 x15 x10
Ans : Average speed = 12km / hr Short cut:
10 15
2 . Two men starting from the same place Required distance =
walk at the rate of 10km/hr and 8 km/hr re-
Pr oduct of speed
spectively. How many km. will they be apart x Dif ferencein time
Dif ferenceof speed
1
at the end of 3 hrs, if
2 25 x 35 x5 25 x 35 x5
437.5 km
i) they walk in opposite directions. 35 25 10
4 . Two towns P and Q are 110 km. apart.
PRACTICE TEST
A motorcycle rider starts from P towards Q
at 8 am at a speed of 20 km/hr. Another mo- 1 . A man crosses a street 600m long in 5
tor cycle rider starts from Q towards P at 9 minutes. What is his speed in Kilometres per
am at a speed of 25 km/hr. Find when will hours?
they cross each other. 1) 9km/hr. 2) 7km/hr.
Ans : - Suppose they meet x hours after 8 am 3) 9.6 km/hr. 4) 7.2 km/hr.
Then 20x + ( x-1) 25 = 110 x= 3 hrs. 2 . A man goes to a place at the rate of
two riders meet at 8+3 = 11 am. 13 km/hr. He comes back on a bicycle at
7 km/hr. His average speed for the entire jour-
5 . A boy goes to school at a speed of 3km/hr
ney is:
and returns to the village at a speed of 2km/
hr. If he takes 5 hrs in all, what is the distance 1) 5 km/hr. 2) 6.5 km/hr.
between the village and the school. 3) 8.2 km/hr. 4) 9.1 km/hr.
Ans:- Let x km be the distance between the 3 . A person walks at 5 kmph. and reaches
village and the school. his destination 10 minutes late. If he increases
his speed by 1 kmph., he would have reached
x x
Then 5 x 6km 15 minutes earlier. The distance he travelled
3 2 from his house is
6 . Joshy travels at the rate of 3km/hr and 1) 10 km. 2) 5.5 km
he reaches his office 15 mts late. If he travels
3) 12.5 km. 4) 10.5 km
at the rate of 4km/hr. he reaches 15 mts ear-
lier. The distance Joshy has to travel is 4 . A and B start from the same place in op-
posite directions with 25 kmph. and 30 kmph.
Ans: Let x km be the distance that Joshy has
respectively. In what time will they be
to travel.
110 km apart?
x x 15 15 1) 2 hrs 5 min. 2) 5 hours
Then
3 4 60 3) 3 hrs. 20 min. 4) 2 hours
x = 6 km 5 . A motor cyclist travels for 10 hours, the
3 first half at 21 km/hr. and the other half at 24
7 . By walking at of his usual speed a man km/hr. Find the distance travelled.
4
reaches his office 20 mts later than usual time. 1) 225 km 2) 224 km
His usual time is 3) 200 km 4) 324 km
3 6 . Two towns A and B are 160 km apart. A
Ans : New Speed = usual speed
4 bus starts from A to B at 7 A.M at a speed of
4 50 kmph. Another bus starts from B to A at 8
New time = usual time A.M at a speed of 60 kmph. The time of their
3
meeting is:
= usual time + 20 mts
1) 9 A.M. 2) 9.30 A.M
4
ie usual time - usual time = 20 mts 3) 10. A.M. 4) 8.30 A.M.
3
7 . Two trains starts at the same time from
1
usual time = 20 mts places A and B and proceed towards each other
3 at 72 km/hr. and 60 km/hr. respectively. At
usual time = 3x20 = 60 mts
the time of their meeting, one train has trav- time of their meeting the second train has trav-
elled 48 km more than the other. Then the elled 120 km more than the first. The distance
distance between A and B is between A and B is
1) 132 km. 2) 704 km 1) 990 km 2) 1,200 km
3) 470 km 4) 528 km 3) 1,320 km 4) 1,440 km
8 . Two men start together to walk a cer- 1 4 . A walks at 4 km an hour, and 4 hrs after
tain distance at 3.75 km./hr. and 3 km./hr. his start, B bicycles after him at 10 km an
respectively. The former arrives 30 mts be- hour. Find out how far from the start does B
fore the latter. Find the distance they walked. catch up with A.
1) 7.5 km 2) 10 km 1) 16.7 km 2) 18.6 km
3) 12.5 km 4) 15 km 3) 21.5 km 4) 26.7 km
9 . A car went 52 km in the first hour, 60 1 5 . Mohan rides a cycle at 8 km/hr. After
km in the second hour and 54 km in the third every 10 km he rests for 20 mts. He will cover
hour. There was trouble in the fourth hour with 40 km in
the result that its speed was 26 km. Its aver- 1) 5 hrs 2) 5 hrs 20 mts
age speed was
3) 6 hrs 4) 6 hrs 20 mts
1) 51 km/hr 2) 57 km/hr
3) 45 km/hr 4) 48 km/hr 2
1 6 . If a man reduces his speed to , he takes
3
1 0 . Travelling at a uniform speed, a car cov-
ers a distance of 6 km. in 4 mts. what is the 1 hr more to walk a certain distance. The time
speed of the car in km.hr? (in hours) to cover the distance with his nor-
mal speed is
1) 90 2) 4 0 3) 2 4 4) 6 0
1) 2 2) 1
1 1 . A car completes a journey in 11 hrs. It
covers the first half of the journey at the rate 3) 3 4) 1 . 5
of 50 km/hr. and the second half at the rate 1 7 . Sound travels at 330 m a second. How
of 60 km/hr. The distance of total journey is many kilometres away is a thunder cloud when
1) 605 km 2) 300 km its sound follows the flash after 10 seconds?
3) 500 km 4) 600 km 1) 3.3 2) 3 3
1 2 . A student walks from his house 3) 0.33 4) 3 . 3 3
@5 km/hr. and thus reaches the school 10 mts 1 8 . Car A moves 175 km in 8 hrs whereas
late. If his speed had been 6 km/hr. he would car B moves 189 km in 12 hrs. The ratio be-
have reached 15 mts earlier. Then the distance tween the speed of car A and car B is
of the school from his house is 1) 3: 2 2) 4: 3
5 5 3) 5: 4 4) 25: 18
1) km 2) km
2 22 1 9 . If a boy walks from his house to the school
@ 4 km/hr. he reaches the school 10 mts ear-
25 25 lier than the school time. However, if he walks
3) km 4) km
2 22 @ 3 km/hr, he reaches 10mts late. The dis-
1 3 . Two trains start from stations A and B tance of school from his house is
and travel towards each other at a speed of 1) 6 km 2) 4.5 km
50 km/hr. and 60 km/hr. respectively. At the
3) 4 km 4) 3 km
2 0 . A man walks a certain distance at the car take to cover the distance?
8 km/hr. and returns at 6 km/hr. If the total 1) 19 mts 2) 10 mts
1 3) 9 mts 4) 24 mts
time taken by him is 3 hrs, the total dis-
2
2 3 . A thief steals a car at 1.30 pm and drives
tance walked is it at 40 km/hr. The theft is discovered at 2 pm
1) 28 km 2) 24 km and the owner sets off in another car at 50
3) 14 km 4) 16 km km/hr. He will overtake the thief at
2 1 . A cart runs at the rate of 4 km/hr. during 1) 3.30 pm 2) 4 pm
the first 10 km and 9 km/hr. during the sec- 3) 4.30 pm 4) 6 pm
ond 10 km. The average speed of the cart in 24. A car covers a distance of 715 km at a
km/hr. is constant speed. If the speed of the car had
1) 5.0 2) 5 . 5 3) 6 . 0 4) 6 . 5 been 10 km/hr. more, then it would have taken
2 2 . A car starting from airport reaches the 2 hrs. less to cover the same distance. What
bus station in 45 mts with an average speed was the original speed of the car in km/hr?
of 40 km/hr. If the speed of the car is in- 1) 45 2) 5 0
creased by 10 km/hr. how much less time will
3) 55 4) 6 5
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (4) 2. (4) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5 . (2) 6. (1) 7. (4) 8.(1)
9. (4) 1 0 . (1) 1 1 . (4) 1 2 . (3) 13. (3) 1 4 . (4) 1 5 . (3) 16.(1)
1 7 . (1) 1 8 . (4) 1 9 . (3) 2 0 . (2) 21.(2) 2 2 . (3) 2 3 . (2) 2 4 . (3)
Bank Probationary Officer
Quantitative Aptitude
P R O B LE M S O N TR A I N S
In solving problems on trains, the follow- of 60 km/hr. In what time will it pass a man
ing points should be kept in mind. who is running at 6 km/hr in the direction op-
Time taken by a train to cross a pole (or Signal posite to that in which the train is going?
post or, a standing man) Ans: Time taken to pass the man
220 220 x 18
Lengt h of the train = 12 seconds
= 5 66 x 5
Speed of the train (60 6) x
18
Time taken by a train to cross a bridge (or 3 . Two trains 80 metres and 120 metres
tunnel or a train at rest or a platform) long are running at the rates of 25 km/hr. and
35 km/hr. respectively on parallel rails. If they
Length of thetrain Length of thebridge are moving in same directions, how long will
=
Speedof thetrain they take to pass each other?
Time taken by a train to cross a moving object
80 120 200 x18
Ans: Time taken =
5 10 x5
35 25 x
L1 L2 18
a) In the opposite direction = V V = 72 seconds
1 2
4 . Two trains running in the same direction
L1 L2 at 40 km/hr. and 22 km/hr. completely pass
b) In the same direction = V V one another in 1 minute. If the length of the
1 2 first train is 125m., find the length of the sec-
where L1 and V1 are the length and speed of ond train.
the train and L2 and V2 are the length and speed Ans: Let the length of the second train be x
of the moving object. 125 x
Then, 60
Solved Examples 5
(40 22 )x
18
1 . A train 300 m long is running with a speed
of 54 km/hr. In what time will it cross a tele- (125x)18
phone pole? 60 125 x 5 x60
18 x5
5 x = 300 125 175m
Speed of the train = 54 x m/s 5 . A train 280m long is moving at a speed
18
of 60 km/hr. The time taken by the train to
= 15 m/s cross a platform 220m long is
Time taken to cross the pole Ans : Time taken to cross the platform
300 280 220 500 x18 30 sec
= 20 seconds =
15 5 60 x5
60 x
18
2. A train 220 m long is running with a speed
PRACTICE TEST length of the train?
1) 40 0m 2) 35 0m
1 . How long will it take for a train 120 m
long running at 40 km/hr. to cross a bridge 80 3) 450 m 4) 50 0m
metres long? 8 . A man running at 18 km/hr crosses a
1) 18 min 2) 18 sec. bridge in 2 minutes. The length of the bridge
is
3) 20 sec 4) 19 sec.
1) 1.2 km 2) 0.6 km
2 . A train running at 50 m/s takes 30 sec-
onds to cross a platform of 800m. long. The 3) 1 km 4) 3.6 km
length of the train in metres is 9 . A railway passenger counts the telegraph
1) 900 2) 3 0 0 posts on the line as he passes them. If they
are 50 m apart from each other and the train
3) 550 4) 7 0 0 is running at the rate of 48 km/hr. how many
3 . A person standing on a platform of length posts will he pass per minute?
200 metres observed that a train takes 10 1) 16 2) 1 7
seconds to pass him, passed completely
through the platform in 30 seconds. Then the 3) 18 4) 1 3
length of the train is 1 0 . Two trains are running at 40 km/hr. and
1) 100 metres 2) 150met r es 20 km/hr. respectively in the same direction.
The faster train completely passes a man sit-
3) 80 metres 4) 105 metres ting in the slower train in 5 seconds. What is
4 . A train running at uniform speed takes the length of the faster train?
54 seconds to pass a platform of 324 m. long
and 45 seconds to pass another platform of 2
1) 23 m 2) 27 m
240m. long. The length of the train in metres 9
is
7
1) 180 2) 1 7 0 3) 27 m 4) 23 m
9
3) 190 4) 1 0 0
1 1 . A train 150 m long running at a speed of
5 . A train 300 m long is running at a speed 60 km/hr. takes 30 seconds to cross a bridge.
of 68 km/hr. It will cross a man coming from The length of the bridge is
the opposite direction at a speed of 4km/hr.
1) 3,500 m 2) 500 m
in
3) 200 m 4) 35 0m
1) 30 sec. 2) 15 sec.
1 2 . A train moving with a uniform speed of
3) 25 sec 4) 21.6 sec
60 km/hr. crosses a pole in 6 seconds. The
6 . A train 240 metres long, takes 24 sec- length of the train (in metres) is
onds to cross a man running at 10 km/hr in
1) 200 2) 1 5 0
the same direction as the train. The speed of
the train is 3) 120 4) 1 0 0
1) 32 km/hr 2) 46 km/hr 1 3 . The time taken by a train 180 m long,
travelling at 42 km/hr. to pass a man walking
3) 38 km/hr 4) 24 km/hr
in the same direction at 6 km/hr. will be
7 . A train crosses a platform in 60 seconds
1) 18 seconds 2) 21 seconds
travelling at a speed of 54 km/hr. If the length
of the platform is 500 metres, what is the 3) 24 seconds 4) 25 seconds
1 4 . Two trains whose lengths 180 m and 1 7 . A man standing on a railway platform
220m respectively are running in directions op- observes that a train going in one direction
posite to one another with respective speeds takes 4 seconds to pass him. Another train of
of 40 kmph and 50 kmph. Time taken by them same length going in the opposite direction
to cross one another will be takes 5 seconds to pass him. The time taken
1) 16 seconds 2) 17 seconds by the two trains to cross each other will be
3) 18 seconds 4) 22 seconds 1) 31 sec 2) 40 9 sec
9
1 5 . Two trains running in the same direction
3) 49 4) 50 9 sec
at 40 km/hr. and 22 km/hr. completely pass 9 sec
one another in one minute. If the length of the
first train is 125 m, the length of the second 1 8 . A train 120 m long is moving at a speed
train is of 54 km/hr. The time taken to pass a bridge
180 m long is
1) 125 m 2) 15 0m
1) 12 seconds 2) 18 seconds
3) 175 m 4) 20 0m
3) 30 seconds 4) 20 seconds
1 6 . A train takes 18 seconds to pass com-
pletely through a station 162 m long and 15 1 9 . A train crosses a pole in 15 seconds,
seconds through another station 120 m long. while it crosses 100 m long platform in 25
The length of the train is seconds. The length of the train is
1) 70 m 2) 80 m 3) 90 m 4) 100 m 1) 125 m 2) 135 m
3) 150 m 4) 175 m
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (2) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5 . (2) 6. (2) 7. (1) 8.(2)
9. (2) 1 0 . (3) 1 1 . (4) 1 2 . (4) 13. (1) 1 4 . (1) 1 5 . (3) 16.(3)
1 7 . (2) 1 8 . (4) 1 9 . (3)
BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
BOAT AND STREAMS
Important Formulae: Ans: Let man's rate in upstream = x km/hr.
1 . If the speed of a boat in still water be x man's rate downstream = 2 x km/hr.
km/hr and that of stream be y km/hr 1
a) Speed of the boat downstream Man's rate in still water= ( x+2 x)km/hr.
2
= ( x+y) km/hr 3x
b) Speed of the boat upstream ie, 6x 4
2
= ( x-y) km/hr
Rate upstream = 4 km/hr.
2 . If the speed of a boat downstream is
& Rate downstream = 8 km/hr.
u km/hr and speed upstream is v km/hr
a) Speed of the boat in still water 1
Rate of current = (8-4) km/hr.
2
1
= (u v)km
km/hr = 2 km/hr.
2
3 . A boatman can row 3 km against the
b) Speed of the current stream in 45 minutes and return in 30 min-
utes. Find the rate of his rowing in still water
1
= (u v) km/hr and also the speed of the stream.
2
Ans: Let the speed of the boatman in still wa-
3 . If a man rows in still water at x km/hr ter be x km/hr and the speed of the stream be
and the rate of current (or stream) is y km/hr, y km/hr.
a) Man's rate with the current Time taken to row against the stream
= ( x+y)km/hr 45 3
b) Man's rate against the current = hr.
60 4
= ( x-y)km/hr Time taken to row with the stream
Solved Examples 30 1
= hr.
1 . A man can row upstreams at 6 km/hr and 60 2
down streams at 11 km/hr. Find man's rate in
Dis t an ce
still water and the rate of the current. Speed against current= x-y =
Time
1 3
Ans: Rate in still water= (6 11) 85
. km/hr.
2 = 3 = 4 km/hr.
4
1 Dis t an ce
Rate of current = (11 6) 2.5 km/hr.
2 Speed with current = x+y =
Time
2 . A man can row 9 km/hr in still water. It 3
takes him twice as long to row up as to row = 1 = 6 km / hr
down the river. Find the rate of stream. 2
hours to row to a place and back. Then the
x+y = 6 & x-y = 4 distance of the place is
x=5 km/hr. & y = 1 km/hr 1) 2 km. 2) 1.5 km
PRACTICE TEST 3) 3 km 4) 4.5 km
7 . A boat takes 9 hrs to travel from A to B
1 . A person can row down stream at
upstream. If the river current is 3 km/hr, how
12 kmph. and upstream in 6 kmph. Then, the
long will it take to travel downstream between
persons' rate in still water is:
B and A?
1) 9 kmph 2) 5 kmph
1) 3 hrs 2) 6 hrs
3) 12 kmph 4) 6 kmph
3) 4.5 hrs 4) 5 hrs
2 . If a person's rate down the current is 11
8 . A boat goes 11 km in an hour with the
km/hr. and the rate of the current is 3 km/hr.,
stream and 5 km in an hour against the stream.
then the person's rate against the current (in
The speed of the boat (in km/hr.) in still water
km/hr.) is
is
1) 7 kmph 2) 8 kmph
1) 5 2) 6 3) 8 4) 9
3) 5 kmph 4) 6 kmph
9 . A man rows upstream 13 km and down
3 . A person can row upstream 12 km/hr. stream 28 km taking 5 hrs each time. The
and down stream at 18 km/hr. Then, the rate velocity of the current in km/hr. is
of the current is
1) 0.5 2) 1 3) 1 . 5 4) 2
1) 14 kmph 2) 20 kmph
1 0 . A boat moves down stream at the rate
3) 17 kmph 4) 3 kmph of 1 km in 7.5 mts and upstream at the rate
4 . The downstream speed of a boat is of 5 km/hr. The speed of the boat (in km/hr.)
15 kmph. and the speed of the stream is 2 in still water is
kmph. Then the upstream speed of the boat is 1) 6 2) 6 . 5 3) 7 4) 7 . 5
1) 6.5 kmph 2) 13 kmph 1 1 . A boat can be rowed 9 km upstream or
3) 11 kmph 4) 12 kmph 18 km downstream in a period of 3 hrs. What
is the speed of the boat in still water in kmph?
5 . The speed of a boat in still water is
16 kmph. and the rate of the current is 2 kmph. 1) 1.5 2) 3 3) 4 . 5 4) 6
The distance travelled down stream in 15 min- 1 2 . A boatman can row to a place 48 km
utes is: distant and back, in 14 hrs. If he can row
1) 4 km 2) 4.5 km 4 km with the stream in the same time as
3 km against it, the speed of the stream (in
3) 6 km 4) 8.5 km
km/hr) is
6 . A man can row 6 kmph. in still water. If
1) 1 2) 2.2 3) 3 4) 0 . 5
the river is running at 2 kmph, it takes him 3
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (3) 5 . (2) 6. (1) 7. (4) 8.(3)
9. (3) 1 0 . (2) 1 1 . (3) 1 2 . (1)
Bank Probationary officer
Quantitative Aptitude T IM E AN D W OR K
1 ab
Points to remember
1. If A can finish a piece of work in `n' days,
and the entire tank is filled in 1 1
2 b (a b)
hours.
then A's 1 day's work is 1 .
n Solved Examples:
2 . If the number of men engaged to do a
piece of work is changed in the ratio a:b, the
1 . 8 boys can arrange all the books of school
time required for the work will be changed in
library in 12 days. In how many days can 6
the ratio b:a
boys arrange them?
3. If A is X times as good a workman as B,
Ans: M1 D1 = M2 D2
then A will take 1 x of the time that B takes
8 x12
to do a certain work. D2 = 16 days
6
4 . If M 1 persons can do `W 1' works in D 1
2 . A can do a piece of work in 12 days and
days for T 1 hours and M2 persons can do `W2'
B alone can do it in 15 days. How much time
works in D 2 days for T 2 hours then
will both take to finish the work?
M1 D1 T 1 W2 = M2 D2 T 2W1.
5 . If A can finish a work in ` x' days and B Ans: A's 1 day's work = 112
can finish the same work in `y' days, then
xy B's 1 day's work = 115
time taken by both to finish the work is
x y
days 1 1 3
(A+B)'s 1 day's work =
6 . If A and B together can do a piece of 12 15 20
work in x days and A alone can do it in y days Both together can finish the work in
xy 20 2
then B alone can do it in days or 6 days
y z
3 3
7 . If A, B and C can do a work in x,y, and z Using formula :
days respectively, then all of them working
Time taken to finish the work
xyz
together can finish the work in xy 12 x15
xy yz xz
=
days x y 12 15
8 . If two taps A and B take a and b hours 12 x15 20 2
resepectively to fill a tank, then the two taps = or 6 days
27 3 3
1 1
together fill part of the tank in an hour 3 . A and B together can do a piece of work
a b
in 12 days. B alone can finish it in 30 days. In
how many days can A alone finish the work? how many days will 10 women finish it?
1 Ans: Considering one day's work,
Ans: (A+B)'s 1 day's work =
12 1
4M + 6W = ....... (1)
1 8
B's 1 day's work =
30
1
1 1 1 3M + 7W = ...... (2)
A's 1 day's work = 10
12 30 20
(1) x 3 - (2)x 4 gives
A alone can finish the work in 20 days
1 1
Using formula : 18W - 28W = or 10W =
10 40
xy
Time taken by A to finish the work =
yx 10 Women can do the work in 40
days
12 x30 12 x 30 7 . A certain number of men complete a
= 20 days
30 12 18 piece of work in 60 days. If there were 8 men
4 . 16 men can do a piece of work in 10 more, the work could be finished in 10 days
days. How many men are needed to complete less. How many men were there originally?
the work in 40 days? Ans: Let the original number of men be x.
Ans: Using formula. M1 = x, D1 = 60, M 2 = x +8, D2 = 50,
M1 D1 = M2 D2 M1 D1 = M2 D2
M 1 = 16, D 1 = 10, D 2 = 40 x x 60 = ( x+8) x 50
16x10 = M 2 x 40 60 x - 50 x = 400
16 x10 10 x = 400 x = 40
M2 = = 4 men
40 8 . A cistern can be filled separately by two
5 . A and B can do a piece of work in 18 pipes in 12 and 16 minutes respectively. If both
days, B and C in 24 days, A and C in 36 days. pipes are opened together, when will the cis-
In what time can they do it all working to- tern be filled?
gether?
1
Ans: [(A+B)+(B+C)+(A+C)]'s 1 day's work Ans: Work done by Ist pipe in 1 minute =
12
1 1 1 1
= 1
18 24 36 8 Work done by 2nd pipe in 1 minute =
16
1
or 2 (A+B+C)'s 1 day's work = 1 1
8 Work done by both in 1 minute=
12 16
1
or (A+B+C)'s 1 day's work = 4 3 7
16 =
48 48
So they all can finish the work in 16 days
Both the pipes together will fill the cistern
6 . 4 men and 6 women finish a job in 8 days,
48 6
while 3 men and 7 women finish in 10 days. In in minutes ie, 6 minutes.
7 7
Using formula : PRACTICE TEST
Time taken to fill the cistern by both the pipes
1 . Ramesh alone does a piece of work in 4
ab 12 x16 6 days and Suresh does it in 12 days. In how
6 minutes many days will the two do it together?
a b 12 16 7
1
9. Two inlet pipes of filling rate 10 minutes 1) 3 days 2) 1 days
per cistern and 6 minutes per cistern and one 2
outlet pipe of emptying rate 15 minutes per 3) 4 days 4) 8 days
cistern are all fitted to a cistern and are opened 2 . Pranesh and Sumesh can finish a work in
together. Find when the cistern will be full? 16 days while Pranesh can do the same work
Part of the cistern filled by working the three in 24 days. In how many days can Sumesh
pipes in one minute. alone finish the same work?
1) 40 days 2) 25 days
1 1 1 1
= 3) 48 days 4) 20 days
10 6 15 5
3 . Vinod can do a work in 15 days, Vijay in
Time needed to fill the full cistern = 5 25 days and Vinay in 30 days. How long will
minutes
they take to do the work if they work to-
1 0 . A cistern can be filled separately by two gether?
pipes A and B in 36 minutes and 45 minutes
1
respectively. A tap C at the bottom can empty 1) 12 days 2) 7 days
the full cistern in 30 minutes. If the tap C is 7
opened 7 minutes after the pipes A and B are 3) 70 days 4) 20 days
opened, find when the cistern becomes full. 4 . If A, B and C together can finish a piece
Ans: Part of the tank filled by A and B in of work in 4 days, A alone in 12 days and B in
7 minutes 18 days, then C alone can do it in
1) 21 days 2) 15 days
1 1 7
= 7 x 3) 12 days 4) 9 days
36 45 20
5 . 3 men or 6 women can do a piece of work
7 13
1 of the tank should be in 20 days. In how many days will 12 men and
20 20 8 women do the same work?
filled.
7 15
Part filled by A, B and C in 1 minutes 1) 2)
2 4
1 1 1 1 3) 5 4) 4
=
36 45 30 60 6 . Some persons can do a piece of work in
12 days. Two times the number of those per-
13
Time needed to fill part of the tank sons will do half of that work in
20 1) 3 days 2) 4 days
3) 6 days 4) 12 days
13
x 60 39 minutes 7 . 3 men can do a work in 6 days. After 2
20 days 3 more men joined them. How many days
Total time taken to fill the tank will they take to complete the remaining work?
1) 5 days 2) 4 days
= 39 + 7 = 46 minutes
3) 3 days 4) 2 days
8 . A is twice as good a workman as B and 1 4 . A man, a woman or a boy can do a piece
they took 7 days together to do the work. B of work in 3,4 and 12 days respectively. How
alone can do it in: many boys must assist 1 man and 1 women to
do the work in 1 day?
1) 12 days 2) 18 days
1) 5 boys 2) 6 boys
3) 21 days 4) 16 days
3) 2 boys 4) 20 boys
9 . A can do a piece of work in 25 days and
B can do the same work in 30 days. They work 1 5 . Two pipes can fill a tank in 9 hours and
together for 5 days and then A leaves. B will 12 hous respectively. In how much time will
finish the remaining work in they fill the tank when opened together?
1) 21 days 2) 11 days 1 1
1) 3 hours 2) 5 hours
3) 20 days 4) 19 days 2 7
1 0 . An army of 2000 men had enough food
2
to last for 30 days. After 10 days 500 more 3) 5 hours 4) 3 hours
men joined them. How long did the food last 3
then? 1 6 . A tap can fill a tank in 8 hours and an-
1) 20 days 2) 15 days other can empty it in 16 hours. If both the
taps are opened simultaneously, the time (in
3) 12 days 4) 16 days
hours) to fill the tank is:
1 1 . Amar can do a piece of work in 15 days.
1) 8 2) 1 0 3) 1 6 4) 2 4
When he had worked for 3 days, Sameer joined
him and the remaining work was finished in 8 1 7 . A cistern can be filled by a pipe in 15
days. In how many days can Sameer alone fin- hours. But due to a leak in the bottom the cis-
ish the whole work? tern is just full in 20 hours. When the cistern
is full, the leak can empty it in:
1) 30 days 2) 27 days
1) 60 hours 2) 40 hours
3) 20 days 4) 24 days
3) 45 hours 4) 30 hours
1 2 . A, B and C can do a piece of work in 18
days, 27 days and 36 days respectively. They 1 8 . A cistern can be filled by pipes A and B
start working together. After working for 4 in 20 hours and 30 hours respectively. When
days, A goes away and B leaves 7 days be- full, the tank can be emptied by pipe C in 60
fore the work is finished. Only C remains at hours. If all the taps be turned on at the same
work from beginning to end. In how many days time the cistern will be full in
was the whole work done? 1) 10 hours 2) 15 hours
1) 17 days 2) 18 days 3) 16 hours 4) 30 hours
3) 16 days 4) 15 days 1 9 . Two pipes A and B can separately fill a
1 3 . A and B can do a piece of work in 6 days. tank in 12 minutes and 15 minutes respec-
B and C in 4 days and A and C in 5 days. How tively. Both the pipes are opend together but
long will they take to complete the work if 4 minutes after the start, pipe A is turned off.
they work together? How much time will it take to fill the tank?
1) 11 min 2) 12 min
9
1) 3 days 2) 15 days 3) 6 min 4) 8 min
37
2 0 . Two pipes A and B can fill a cistern in 24
23 9
3) 1 days 4) 6 days minutes and 32 minutes respectively. If both
37 37
the pipes are opened together, then after how together but A left 3 days before the comple-
many minutes B should be closed so that the tion of work. The total number of days to com-
tank is full in 18 minutes? plete the work is
1) 6 2) 8 3) 1 0 4) 1 2 1) 6 3 5 days 2) 9 days
2 1 . Two pipes A and B can separately fill a 3) 9 15 days 4) 10 15 days
cistern in 18 minutes and 24 minutes respec- 2 6 . 9 men have finished one-third of the work
tively. If they are turned alternatively for one in 10 days. The number of additonal men re-
minute each, how long will it take to fill the quired for finishing the remaining work in 2
cistern? more days will be
1) 21 min 2) 24 min 1) 81 2) 7 8 3) 5 5 4) 3 0
3) 25 min 4) 20 12 min 2 7 . Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20
2 2 . A tank can be filled by one tap in 20 min- and 24 minutes respectively and a third pipe
utes and by another in 25 minutes. Both the can empty 3 gallons per minute. If A, B and C
taps are kept open for 5 minutes and then the working together can fill the tank in 15 mts,
second is turned off. In how many minutes The capacity of the tank in gallons is
more is the tank completely filled? 1) 60 2) 1 2 0 3) 1 5 0 4) 1 8 0
1) 6 2) 1 1 2 8 . A, B and C together can do a piece of
3) 12 4) 17 12 work in 20 days. After working with B and C
2 3 . If 12 men or 18 women can reap a field for 8 days, A leaves and then B and C com-
in 14 days; then the number of days that 8 plete the remaining work in 20 days more. In
men and 16 women will take to reap the same how many days, A alone could do the work?
field is 1) 40 2) 5 0 3) 6 0 4) 8 0
1) 5 2) 7 3) 8 4) 9 2 9 . A certain job was assigned to a group of
2 4 . 6 men and 6 women finish a job in 8 days, men to do in 20 days. But 12 men did not turn
while 3 men and 7 women finish it in 10 days. up for the job and the remaining men did the
How many days will 10 women take to finish job in 32 days. The original number of men in
the job? the group was
1) 32 2) 3 4 3) 3 6 4) 4 0
2
1) 24 2) 3 2 3) 10
3
4) 3 6 3 0 . If x men can do a piece of work in 8 days
and ( x+4) men can do the same work in 6
2 5 . A can do a piece of work in 12 days and days. Then x is equal to
B can do it in 18 days. They started the work
1) 6 2) 1 0 3) 1 2 4) 2 4
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. (4) 5 . (2) 6. (1) 7. (4) 8.(3)
9. (4) 1 0 . (4) 1 1 . (1) 1 2 . (3) 13. (1) 1 4 . (1) 1 5 . (2) 16.(3)
1 7 . (1) 1 8 . (2) 1 9 . (3) 2 0 . (2) 21.(4) 2 2 . (2) 2 3 . (4) 2 4 . (3)
25. ( b ) 2 6 . (1) 2 7 . (2) 28.(2) 29.(1) 3 0 . (3)
BANK PROBATIONERY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
SIMPLE & COMPOUND INTEREST
Interest is the money paid by the borrower
4N
to the lender for the use of money lent. Inter- R
est is of two kinds, simple and compound. Amount = P 1
400
Money borrowed or deposited is called the
principal. The sum of principal and interest is N
R
called the amount. d) C.I.=P 1 P (or)
100
i) Simple Interest:
If the interest on a certain sum borrowed N
R
for a certain period is reckoned uniformly, it is = P 1 100 1
called Simple Interest.
The simple interest (I) for a principal (P) Solved Examples:
for (N) years at (R) rate percent per annum is
1 . Calculate the amount on Rs. 4480 at 8%
PNR per annum for 3 years.
I =
100
PxNxR
Ans: S.I. =
Ix100 Ix100 Ix100 100
P = ; R ; N
NxR PxN PxR
4480 x 3 x 8
ii) Compound Interest: = Rs. Rs.1075.20
100
Money is said to be lent at Compound
Amount = Rs. (4480 + 1075.20)
Interest if the interest is not paid as soon as it
falls due, but is added to the principal after a = Rs. 5555.20
fixed period, so that the amount at the end of 2 . S.I. on Rs. 1500 at 7% per annum for a
the period, becomes the principal for the next certain time is Rs. 210. Find the time
period.
210 x100
a) When interest is compounded annu- Ans: Time, N = = 2 years
ally: 1500 x7
3 . A certain sum of money at simple inter-
N
R est amounts to Rs. 1260 in 2 years and to Rs.
Amount = P 1 1350 in 5 years. The rate percent per annum
100
is -------
b) When interest is compounded half
Ans: S.I. for 3 years = Rs. (1350 - 1260)=
yearly:
Rs. 90
2N
R 90
Amount = P 1 S.I. for 2 years = Rs. x 2 = Rs. 60
200 3
c) When interest is compounded quar- Principal = Rs. (1260 - 60) = Rs. 1200
terly
100 x 60
Rate, R = % 2.5% x x (R 1) x 2 x x Rx 2
1200 x2 Then, 24
100 100
4. A man invested 13 of his capital at 7%, 2 xR 2 x 2 xR
24
100 100 100
1
4 at 8% and the remainder at 10%. If his
24 x100
annual income is Rs. 561, the capital is ------ x= Rs.1200
,
2
Let the capital be Rs. x. Then,
7 . Find compound interest on Rs. 5,000 at
x 7 x 8 5 x 10 10% per annum for 3 years
x x1 x x 1 x x 1 561
3 100 4 100 12 100
N
R
7x 8x 5 0x Ans: Amount = P 1
x x1 561 100
300 400 1200
3
102 x 10
561 = 5000 1 = Rs. 6,655
1200 100
561x1200 Compound Interest
x = Rs. 6,600
102 = Rs. (6,655 -5,000) = Rs. 1,655
5. Find the sum of money which increases 8 . If the compound interest on a certain sum
1 for 3 years at 20% per annum is Rs. 728, find
10 of itself every year and amounts to the simple interest.
Rs. 450 in 5 years at S.I.
3
Ans: Let P = Rs. 100 20
Ans: Given that P 1 - P = Rs. 728
100
S.I. = Rs. 100 x 110 = Rs. 10
or 1.728 P - P = Rs. 728
S.I. for 5 years = Rs. 50
P Rs.1000
,
Amount after 5 years=100+50
=Rs. 150 1000 x3 x20
Now, S.I. = Rs. Rs. 600
If the amount is Rs. 150, P = Rs. 100 100
If the amount is Rs. 450, 9 . The difference between the compound
interest and the simple interest on a certain
100 x 450 sum at 10% per annum for two years is
P Rs.300
150 Rs. 60. Find the sum.
6 . A sum was put at simple interest at a Ans: Let the sum be Rs. x
certain rate for 2 years. Had it been put at
1% higher rate, it would have fetched Rs. 24 x x 10 x2 x
So, S.I. =Rs. Rs.
more. Find the sum. 100 5
Ans: Let the sum be Rs. x and rate be R% and 2
(R+ 1)% 10 21x
C.I.=Rs. x 1 x Rs.
100 100
21x x x 7 . The difference in simple interest on a
C. I. S. I. Rs.60 certain sum of money for 3 years and 5 years
100 5 100
at 18% per annum is Rs. 2,160. Then the sum
x = Rs. 6,000 is
1) Rs. 6,500 2) Rs. 4,500
PRACTICE TEST
3) Rs. 6,000 4) Rs. 7,500
1 . At what rate percent per annum will a 8 . At what rate percent per annum simple
sum of Rs. 3,600 become Rs. 4,500 in 10 years interest will a sum of money triple itself in 25
at simple interest? year s?
1) 5% 2) 2 . 5 %
1
3) 10% 4) 6 . 7 5 % 1) 8 2) 8
3
2 . A sum of Rs. 1600 lent at simple inter-
est at 12.5% per annum will become double 1
3) 9 4) 1 0
in 11
1) 6 years 2) 7 12 years 9 . What sum of money lent out at compound
interest will amount to Rs. 968 in 2 years at
10% per annum, interest being charged annu-
3) 8 years 4) 9 14 years ally?
3 . The difference in simple interest at 13% 1) Rs. 900 2) Rs. 825
and 12% p.a. of a sum in one year is Rs. 110. 3) Rs. 780 4) Rs. 800
Then the sum is
1 0 . The difference between compound inter-
1) Rs. 13,000 2) Rs. 15,000
est and simple interest on certain sum of money
3) Rs. 10,000 4) Rs. 11,000 in 2 years at 4% per annum is Rs. 50. Find the
4 . The difference in the interests received sum
from two different banks on Rs. 1000 for 2 1) Rs. 30,550 2) Rs. 31,250
years is Rs. 20. Thus, the difference in their
rates is 3) Rs. 25,670 4) Rs. 35,400
1) 2% 2) 1 % 1 1 . A sum of money lent at compound inter-
est amounts to Rs. 1210 in two years and to
3) 1.5% 4) 0 . 5 % Rs. 1464.10 in 4 years. Find the rate of inter-
5 . Find out the capital required to earn a est .
monthly interest of Rs. 600 at 6% simple in-
1) 12% 2) 1 0 %
terest.
3) 8% 4) 1 5 %
1) Rs. 1 lakhs 2) Rs. 1.2 lakhs
1 2 . A man borrows Rs. 4,000 at 8% per an-
3) Rs. 1.1 lakhs 4) Rs. 1.3 lakhs
num on compound interest. At the end of ev-
6 . A man invested 1/3 rd of the sum at 7%, ery year he pays Rs. 1,500 as part payment
1/4th at 8% and the remaining at 10% for one of loan and interest. How much does he still
year. If the annual interest is Rs. 408, then owe to the bank after 3 such annual pay-
the investment is ments?
1) Rs. 8,400 2) Rs. 4,800 1) Rs. 1,799 2) Rs. 169.25
3) Rs. 5,000 4) Rs. 7,200
3) Rs. 2,000 4) Rs. 234
1 3 . The cost of a machine is estimated to be rate of interest per annum is -------
decreasing at the rate of 15% every year. If 1) 2% 2) 5 %
it costs Rs. 6,000 now, what will be the esti-
mated value of the machine after 2 years? 1
3) 4% 4) 3 %
3
1) Rs. 3,750 2) Rs. 4,335
3) Rs. 3,225 4) Rs. 5,000 1 9 . The simple interest on a certain sum of
money for 4 years at 4 percnet per annum
1 4 . A tank contains 18,000 litres of water. exceeds the compound interest on the same
If it decreases at the rate of 5% a day, what sum for 3 years at 5 percent per annum by
will be the quantity of water after 2 days Rs. 57. Find the sum.
1) 16,245 litres 2) 15,234 litres 1) Rs. 24,000 2) Rs. 12,500
3) 17,225 litres 4) 18,200 litres 3) Rs. 26,700 4) Rs. 23,050
1 5 . A sum of money doubles itself at com- 2 0 . A man borrows Rs. 4,000 from a bank at
pound interest in 15 years. It will become 8
times in 1
7 % interest. At the end of every year, he
2
1) 40 years 2) 30 years
pays Rs. 1,500 as part repayment of loan and
3) 60 years 4) 45 years interest. How much does he still owe to the
1 6 . Ram borrowed Rs. 5,000 from Sanjay Bank after 3 such annual payments?
with simple interest. After 2 years, Sanjay got 1) Rs. 123.25 2) Rs. 25
Rs. 1,000 more than what he had given to Ram.
3) Rs. 124.25 4) 1 2 5
What was the percentage of interest per an-
num? 2 1 . A certain sum lent out at simple Interest
and the true discount on a certain sum for 1
1) 10 2) 2 0 3) 1 5 4) 5
year at 5% is Rs. 1 find the sum.
1 7 . A sum doubles in 20 years at simple in-
1) Rs. 400 2) Rs. 420
terest. How much is the rate per annum?
3) Rs. 450 4) Rs. 500
2
1) 5% 2) 4 % 3) 1 2 % 4) 6 % 2 2 . If the amounts for a fixed principal after
3 3 and 2 years at a certain rate of compound
1 8 . The simple interest on a sum of money is interest are in the ratio 21 : 20. The rate of
interst is
1 th of the principal and the number of years
9 1) 7% 2) 6 %
is equal to the rate percent per annum. The
3) 5% 4) 4 %
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5 . (2) 6. (2) 7. (3) 8.(1)
9. (4) 1 0 . (2) 1 1 . (2) 1 2 . (2) 13. (2) 1 4 . (1) 1 5 . (4) 16.(1)
1 7 . (1) 1 8 . (4) 1 9 . (1) 2 0 . (1) 2 1 . (2) 2 2 . (3)
Bank Probationary officer
Quantitative Aptitude
PROBLEMS ON AGE
Solved Examples (1) + (2) y = 30
1 . A father was 4 times as old as his son 8 Substituting y = 30 in equation (1) we
years ago. Eight years hence, father will be get x = 70
twice as old as his son. Find their present ages. Ratio of their ages = 70 : 30 or 7:3
Ans: Let son's age 8 years ago be x years. 4 . Ratio of Ashok's age to Pradeep's age is
Thus, father's age at that time = 4 x years equal to 4:3. Ashok will be 26 years old after
6 years. How old is Pradeep now?
After 8 years, son's age
= ( x+8) +8 = ( x+16) years Ans: Ashok's present age = (26-6)
After 8 years, father's age = 20 years
= (4 x+8)+8 = (4 x+16) years
3
2( x+16) = 4 x + 16 or x=8 Pradeep's present age = 20x
4
The present age of the son = x+8 = 16 = 15 years
yea rs
The present age of the father 5 . The ratio of the ages of father and son at
= 4 x+8 = 32+8= 40 years present is 6:1. After 5 years the ratio will be-
come 7:2. The present age of the son is:
2 . A is twice as old as B was two years ago.
Ans: Let their present ages be 6x and x years
If the difference in their ages be 2 years, find
respectively.
A's age.
Ans: Let B's age 2 years ago be x years 6x 5 7
Then
A's present age = 2 x years x5 2
Also 2 x - ( x+2) = 2 or x=4 = 2 ( 6x+5) = 7 ( x+5) x=5
A's age = 2x4 = 8 years Present age of the son = 5 years.
3 . The age of a father 10 years ago was 6 . Three years ago the average age of A
thrice the age of his son. Ten years hence, the and B was 18 years. With C joining them now,
father's age will be twice that of his son. The the average becomes 22 years. How old is C
ratio of their present ages is: n ow?
Ans: Let the present ages of father and son
be x and y years respectively. Ans: (A+B)'s total present age
= (2x18+3+3) = 42 years
Then (x-10) = 3 (y-10) or
3y-x = 20 ------ (1) (A+B+C)'s total present age
and ( x+10) = 2 (y+10) or = 22 x 3 = 66 years
x-2y = 10 ----- (2)
C's age = 66-42 = 24 years
PRACTICE TEST 8 . Afather's age is three times the sum of
the ages of his two children, but 20 years hence
1 . A father is twice as old as his son. 20 his age will be equal to sum of their ages. Then
years ago, the age of the father was 12 times the fathers age is -
the age of the son. The present age of the son 1) 30 years 2) 40 years
is
3) 35 years 4) 45 years
1) 44 years 2) 22 years
9 . The ratio of the father's age to the son's
3) 40 years 4) 20 years age is 4:1. The product of their ages is 196.
2 . The respective ages of a father and his The ratio of their ages after 5 years will be:
son are 41 and 16 years. In how many years 1) 3: 1 2) 10 : 3
will the father be twice as old as his son?
3) 11 : 4 4) 14 : 5
1) 19 years 2) 9 years
1 0 . In 10 years, A will be twice as old as B
3) 15 years 4) 10 years was 10 years ago. If A is now 9 years older
3 . The ratio of ages of Mohan and Sohan is than B, find the present age of B.
4:3. The sum of their ages is 42 years. The 1) 3 9 2) 2 7
age of Mohan is
3) 4 5 4) 2 6
1) 24 years 2) 18 years
1 1 . A is as much younger than B as he is older
3) 32 years 4) 30 years. than C. If the sum of B's and C's ages is 40
4 . The ratio of ages of Rani and Vinita is years, find the age of A.
3:5. The difference in their ages is 12 years. 1) 40 years 2) 10 years
Then the age of Vinita is
3) 25 years 4) 20 years
1) 20 years 2) 15 years
1 2 . The ages of Ram and Mohan differs by
3) 18 years 4) 30 years 16 years. Six years ago, Mohan's age was
5 . Two years ago, Vinod was four times as thrice as that of Ram's. Then Ram's present
old as Indhu. 8 years hence, Vinod's age will age is
exceed Indhu's age by 12 years. The ratio of 1) 15 years 2) 20 years
the present ages of Vinod and Indhu
3) 14 years 4) 30 years
1) 5: 1 2) 4: 1
1 3 . A father is 4 times as old as his son; in
3) 3: 1 4) 2: 1 20 years he will be only twice as old as his
6 . The ages of A and B are in the ratio 3:5. son. Then the respective ages of father and
After 9 years the ratio of their ages will be son are
3:4. The present age of B is 1) 40, 10 years 2) 80, 20 years
1) 9 years 2) 15 years 3) 60, 15 years 4) 48, 12 years
3) 20 years 4) 16 years 1 4 . The difference between the ages of two
7 . A's mother was four times as old as A persons is 8 years. 15 years ago, the elder
ten years ago. After 10 years she will be twice one was twice as old as the younger one. Then
as old as A. Then, A's present age is the present age of the elder person is
1) 30 years 2) 25 years 1) 23 years 2) 31 years
3) 20 years 4) 15 years 3) 34 years 4) 40 years
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (4) 5 . (3) 6. (2) 7. (3) 8.(1)
9. (3) 1 0 . (1) 1 1 . (4) 1 2 . (3) 13. (1) 1 4 . (2)
BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
MENSURATION
AREA OF PLANE FIGURES Circumference of a circle = 2 r
2 r
1. Triangle Length of an Arc =
360
1
Area of triangle = x base x height
2 r2
Area of a sector =
3 360
Area of an equilateral triangle = (side)2 The unit of area is square metre
4
If the length of the sides of a triangle are a, b
Volume & area of Solid Structures.
(a b c)
and c and if the semiperimeter s = 1. Cuboid
2
then, Let l, b, and h are respectively the length,
Area of the triangle breadth and height of a cuboid
Volume of a cuboid = lbh
= s (s a) (s b)(s c)
2. Parallelogram Longest diagonal of a cuboid
Area = base x height
= l2 b2 h2
3. Rectangle
Area = Length x Breadth Total surface area = 2(lb+bh+lh)
Perimeter = Sum of all sides
Area of a room = (length x breadth)
= 2 (Length + Breadth)
4. Square Area of 4 walls of a room
Let `a' be the side of square = 2 (l+b) height
Diagonal = 2a 2. Cube
1 Let `a' be the side of a cube
Area = a2 = diagonal2 Volume of the cube = a 3
2
Perimeter = 4a Longest diagonal = 3 x (a
5. Trapezium
Total surface area = 6a 2
1
Area = (sum of parallel sides) x Total length of all edges = 12a.
2
(distance between them) 3. Cylinder
6. Rhombus
Volume = r2 h ; r - radius of the base
1
Area = (Product of the diagonals) h - height
2
2
7. Circle Base area = r
Let r be the radius of the circle
2 22
Area of a circle = r , or 3.14
7
Curved surface area = 2r h =5 2 3 2 16 4m.
Total surface area = 2 rh 2 r2 Area of the triangle
1
4. Pyramid = x base x altit ude
2
1
Volume = x (area of base) x height 1
3 = x 3 x 4 6 sq. m.
5. Cone 2
2 . A lawn is in the form of a rectangle hav-
If the radius of the base of a cone is r,
ing its sides in the ratio 2:3. The area of the
the height is h and the slant height is l then
1
l 2 = h2 + r 2 lawn is hectare. Find the length and breadth
6
1 2 of the lawn.
Volume = r h
3 Ans: Let the length and bread be 3 x and 2 x
Area of curved surface =r l metres.
Total surface area =r l + r 2
1
= r(l + r) Then 6 x2 10000
x 10000
6
6. Sphere
50
4 3 x
Volume = r ; r- radius of the sphere 3
3
50
2 Length = 3 x 50 m
Curved surface area = 4 r 3
7. Hemisphere 50 1
Breadth = 2 x 33 m
2 3 3 3
Volume = r ; 3 . A rectangular grassy plot is 112 metres
3
by 78 metres. It has a gravel path 2.5 metres
Curved surface area = 2 r2 wide all round it on the inside. Find the area of
the path and the cost of constructing it at 72
Total surface area = 3 r2 paise per 1000 sq.cm.
4 Ans: Area of path = Area of grassy plot -
Volume of spherical shell = (R3 r 3 ) Area of plot excluding the path
3
Volume of a metal in a hollow pipe = (112 x 78 - 107 x 73) = 925 m 2
= (R2 r2 )h ; R - external radius 2.5
Total surface area of an open pipe 78
2.5
2 2
= 2 Rh rh (R r ) 112
The unit of volume is cubic metre.
Cost on 1000 sq.cm. = 72 paise.
Solved Examples
Total Cost
1 . Find the area of a right triangle whose
hypotenuse is 5 metres and base is 3 metres. 72 925 x100 x100
= Rs. x Rs.6,660
Ans: Altitude of the triangle 1000 100
4 . How many bricks will be required for a Area of JKLM = 5x5 = 25 sq.m.
wall 8m long, 6 m high and 22.5 cm thick if Area of the path of be gravelled
each brick measures 25 cm by 11.25 cm by 6
cm ? = (300+200-25) = 475 sq.m.
Ans: Volume of wall = (800x600x22.5) cu.cm = cost of gravelling the path.
Volume of brick = (25x11.25x6) cu.cm.
60 x 475
Volumeof t hew all = Rs. Rs. 285
Number of bricks = 100
Volume of abrick
Quicker Method
800 x 600 x22.5
= 6400 Area of the road = (width of the road) x (length
25 x1125
. x6 + breadth of the lawn - width of the road)
5 . Half cubic metre of gold sheet is extended
= 5(60 + 40 - 5) = 475 sq.m
by hammering so as to cover an area of 1 hect-
are. Find the thickness of the gold sheet. 60 x 475
Cost = Rs.285
1 100
Ans: Volume of sheet = cu.metre
2 7. A rectangular courtyard 3.78 metres
1 long and 5.25 metres broad is to be paved
= x 100x100 x100 cu.cm exactly with square tiles, all of the same size.
2
Area of sheet=1hectare What is the largest size of such a tile? Also
=10,000 sq. metre find the number of tiles?
= [10,000x100x100] sq.cm. Ans: Largest size of tile
Volume =H.C.F. of 378 cm and 525 cm=21 cm.
Thickness =
Area Area of courtyard = (378x525) sq.cm.
1x100 x100 x100 378 x525
= Number of tiles = 450
2 x10,000 x100 x100
21x21
1 8 . The diameter of the driving wheel of a
= cm = 0.005 cm.
200 bus is 140 cm. How many revolutions per
6 . A rectangular lawn 60 metres by 40 minute must be the wheel make in order to
metres has two roads each 5 metres wide, keep a speed of 66 km. per hour?
running in the middle of it, one parallel to length Ans: Distance covered by wheel in 1 minute
and the other parallel to the breadth. Find the
cost of gravelling them at 60 paise per square 66 x1000
, x100
metre. = = 1,10,000 cms.
60
Ans: Area of the road ABCD=60x5=300 sq.m
Area of the road EFGH = 40x5 Circumference of wheel
= 200 sq.m. 22
= 2x x 70 440 cm.
E H 7
Number of revolutions in 1 minute
M L
A B
D C
110
, ,000
= 250
J K 440
F G
9 . The length of a rectangle is increased by cylinder be r cm and h cm respectively.
60%. What per cent should the width be de-
creased to maintain the same area? Then V1 r2 h
Ans: Let the length of rectangle be increased
by x%. Then the decrease percentage of h
V2 x(2 r)2 x 2 r h
breadth to maintain the same area 2
100 New Volume 2 r2 h 2
= x 2
100 x Pr evious volume r h 1
In the above problem decrease percentage of
Required ratio = 2:1
100 1
breadth = 60 37 % PRACTICE TEST
100 60 2
1 0 . A cube of sides 3 cm. is melted and 1 . The perimeter of a rectangle is 82 m. and
smaller cubes of sides 1 cm. each are formed. its length is 25m. The breadth of the rectangle
How many such cubes are possible? is:
Ans: Quicker method 1) 14 m. 2) 16 m
Required Number 3) 18 m. 4) 12 m.
2 . The length of a plot of land is 4 times its
3
Original lengt h of side breadth. A play ground measuring 1200m 2 oc-
= cupies one third of the total area of the plot.
New length of side
What is the length of the plot, in metres?
3 1) 90 2) 8 0
3
= 27 3) 60 4) 1 2 0
1
3 . If the width of a rectangle is 2m. less
1 1 . Three cubes of metals whose edges are than its length and its perimeter is 32m., the
3, 4 and 5 cm. respectively are melted and area of the rectangle is:
formed into a single cube. If there is no loss of
1) 224 m 2 2) 108 m 2
metal in the process, find the side of the new
cube. 3) 99 m 2 4) 63 m 2
Ans: Quicker method 4 . The sides of a rectangular park are in the
ratio 3:2 and its area is 3750m 2. The cost of
When many cubes integrate into one cube, the fencing it at 50 paise per metre is:
side of the new cube is given by
1) Rs. 312.50 2) Rs. 375
3
side = sum of cubes of sides of all thecubes 3) Rs. 187.50 4) Rs. 125
Here, side 5 . The least number of equal square slabs
that can be fitted in a verandah 10.5m. long
= 3 3 3 43 5 3 3 27 64 125 6cm and 3m wide is
1) 15 2) 1 4
1 2 . If the radius of a cylinder is doubled and
3) 13 4) 1 2
the height is halved, what is the ratio between
the new volume and previous volume? 6 . Three equal cubes are placed adjacently
in a row. Find the ratio of the total surface
Ans: Let the initial radius and height of the
area of the new cuboid to that of the sum of
the surface area of the 3 cubes. 96%, then the side of the square is increased
1) 7: 9 2) 6: 5 by
3) 7: 8 4) 5: 6 1) 9 6 % 2) 4 8. 5 %
7 . If the radii of the two sphere are in the 3) 4 0 % 4) 4 9 %
ratio 1:4, what will be the ratio of their vol- 1 5 . A rectangular hall 10m. long and 8m.
umes? broad, is surrounded by a verandah 2 metres
1) 1: 8 2) 1: 16 wide. Find the area of the verandah.
3) 1: 24 4) 1: 64 1) 104m2 2) 88 m 2
8. Six spherical copper balls of radius `r' 3) 96 m 2
4) 120 m 2
are melted and cast into a cylinderical rod of 1 6 . The surface area of a cube is 600m2. The
the metal of same radius. The height of the length of its diagonal is:
rod will be
1) 4 r 2) 6 r 10 10
1) cm 2) cm
3) 8 r 4) 12 r 3 2
9 . A man walked 20 metres to cross a rect- 3) 10 3 cm 4) 10 2 cm.
angular field diagonally. If the length of the
field is 16 metres, what is the breadth of the 1 7 . Two circular cylinders of equal volume
field? have heights in the ratio 1:2. The ratio of their
1) 1 6 2) 4 radii is:
3) 1 2 4) 8 1) 1: 2) 2 :1
2
1 0 . If the ratios of areas of two squares is 3) 1: 4 4) 2: 1
9:1, the ratio of their perimeter is
1) 9: 1 2) 3: 4 1 8 . A copper sphere of radius 3cm. is beaten
3) 3: 1 4) 1: 3 and drawn into a wire of diameter 0.2cm. The
length of the wire is
1 1 . If the area of a cirlce is equal to its cir- 1) 9m . 2) 12m .
cumference, then diameter of the circle is: 3) 18m . 4) 36m .
1) 2cms. 2) 4cms.
3) 1 cm. 4) cms 1 9 . The base of a prism is a triangle of sides
3m., 4m, and 5m. respectively. The height of
1 2 . If the side of a sqaure is increased by
the prism is 10m. Then its volume is:
20%, the area of the square is increased by:
1) 60 m 2 2) 75 m 2
1) 4 0 % 2) 3 5 % 2
3) 42 m 4) 83 m 2
3) 4 4 % 4) 2 0 %
2 0 . One cubic metre of aluminium sheet is
1 3 . If the area of a circle is decreased by 36%
extended by hammering, so as to cover the
then radius of a circle decreases by
roof with an area 10,000 square metre. The
1) 2 0 % 2) 1 8 %
thickness of the sheet is:
3) 3 6 % 4) 6 4 %
1 4 . If the area of a square is increased by 1) 0.1cm. 2) 0.01m.
3) . 01cm 4) 0.5cm
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE TEST
1. (2) 2. (4) 3. (4) 4. (4) 5 . (2) 6. (a ) 7. (4) 8.(3)
9. (3) 1 0 . (3) 1 1 . (2) 1 2 . (3) 13. (1) 1 4 . (3) 1 5 . (2) 16.(3)
1 7 . (1) 1 8 . (4) 1 9 . (1) 2 0 . (3)
Bank probationary Officer
Quantitative Aptitude
SERIES
A series is a sequence of numbers i. Two - tier Arithmetic series - A two
where the sequence of numbers is obtained by tier Arithmetic series shall be one in which the
some particular predefined rule and applying that differences of successive numbers themselves
predefined rule it is possible to find out the next form an arithmetic series.
term of the series. Eg: i. 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, ----
A series can be created in many ways. ii. 3, 5, 9, 15, 23, 33, ----
Some of these are as explained below:
Two - tier arithmetic series can be denoted as a
1. Arithmetic series:- An arithmetic se- quadratic function, which can be denoted as
ries is one in which successive numbers are f ( x) x 2 1, where x 0, 1, 2,
obtained by adding or subtracting a fixed number ii. Three - tier Arithmetic series:
to the previous number
This as the name suggest is a series in
Eg: i. 5, 9, 13, 17, -------- which the differences of successive numbers
ii. 35, 31, 27, 23, 19, ------ form a two - tier arithmetic series, whose suc-
2. Geometric Series: A geometrical se- cessive terms differences, intern, form an arith-
ries is one in which each successive number is metic series.
obtained by multiplying or dividing a fixed number Eg: (i) 336, 210, 120, 60, 24, 6, 0, ---
by the previous number. Here the differences in successive terms
Eg: i. 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ------ are 126, 90, 60, 36, 18, 6, ----
ii. 15, -30, 60, -120, ----- The differences of successive terms of
iii. 3125, 625, 125, 25, 5, ----- this new series are 36, 30, 24, 18, 12, ----- which
3. Series of squares, cubes etc:- is an arithmetic series.
These series can be formed by squar- The three-tier arithmetic series can be
ing or cubing every successive number. denoted as a cubic function, which can be de-
noted as f ( x) x 3 x, where x 1, 2,
Eg: i. 2, 4, 16, 256, -----
(iii) We know that,
ii. 2, 8, 512, ------
(a) In an arithmetic series, we add or
4. Mixed Series: deduct a fixed number to find the next number,
A mixed series is basically the one we and
need to have sound practice of because it is (b) In a geometric series we multiply or
generally the mixed series which is asked in divide a fixed number to find the next number.
the examinations. By a mixed series, we mean
We can combine these two ideas into
a series which is created according to any non-
one to form.
conventional (but logic) rule. Because there is
no limitations to people imagination, there are 1. Arithmetico - Geometric Series: As
infinite ways in which a series can be created and the name suggests in this series each succes-
naturally it is not possible to club together all of sive term should be found by first adding a fixed
them. Still we are giving examples of some more number to the previous term and then multiply-
popular ways of creating these mixed series. ing it by another fixed number.
Eg: 1, 6, 21, 66, 201, -------- Step II. Check Trend : Increasing/Decreasing
Here each successive term is obtained Alternating
by first adding 1 to the previous term and then If you fail to see the rule of the series
multiplying it by 3. The differences of succes- by just preliminary screening you should see
sive numbers should be in Geometric progres- the trend of the series. By this we mean that
sion. you should check whether the series increases
2. Geometrico-Arithmetic Series :- As continuously or decreases continuously or
the name suggests, a geometrico - Arithmetic whether it alternates ie., increases and de-
series should be the one in which each succes- creases alternating.
sive term is found by first multiplying or dividing Step III : Use the following rules:
the previous term by a fixed number and then 1. If the rise of series is slow or gradual,
adding or deducting another fixed number. the series is likely to have an addition - based
Eg: 3, 4, 7, 16, 43, 124 ------ increase, successive numbers are obtained by
Here each successive term is obtained adding some numbers.
by first multiplying the previous number by 3 and 2. If the rise of a series is very sharp ini-
then subtracting 5 from it. tially but slows down later on, the sereis is likely
The differences of successive numbers to be formed by adding squared or cubed num-
should be in geometric progression. bers
(iv) Twin Series: As the name suggests, 3. If the rise of a series is throughout
a twin series are two series packed in one. equally sharp, the series is likely to be multipli-
cation-based; successive terms are obtained by
Eg: 1, 3, 5, 1, 9, -3, 13, -11, 17, -----
multiplying by some terms (and, maybe, some
Here the first, third, fifth, etc. terms are addition or subtraction could be there, too)
1, 5, 9, 13, 17, which is an arithmetic series.
4. If the rise of a series is irregular and
The second, fourth, sixth, etc. are 3, 1, -3, -11
haphazard there may be two possibilities. Ei-
which is a geometrico -arithmetic series in which
ther there may be a mix of two series or two
successive terms are obtained by multiplying
different kinds of operations may be going on
the previous term by 2 and then subtracting 5.
alternatively. The first is more likely when the
(v) Other series: Besides, numerous other increase is very irregular, the second is more
series are possible and it is impossible to even likely when there is a pattern, even in the irregu-
think of all of them. It is only through a lot of larity of the series.
practice and by keeping abreast with the latest
Finding wrong Numbers is a series
trends that one can expect to master the se-
ries. In today's examinations, a series is likely to be
given in format of a complete series in which an
Steps for Solving Series Questions:-
incorrect number is included. The candidate is
Despite the fact that it is extremely dif- required to find out the wrong number.
ficult to lay down all possible combinations of
Obviously, finding the wrong number in a series
series, still, if you follow the following step-by-
is very easy once you have mastered the art of
step approach, you may solve a series ques-
understanding how the sereis is likely to be
tions easily and quickly.
formed. On studying a given series and apply-
Step 1 : Preliminary Screening: ing the concepts employed so far you should
First check the series by having a look be able to understand and thus decode the for-
at it. It may be noted that the series is very sim- mation of the series. This should not prove very
ple and just a first look may be enough and you difficult because usually six terms are given and
may know the next term. it means that at least five correct terms are given.
This should be sufficient to follow the series.
PRACTICE TEST
Direction (Qs. 1-10) : Each of the following number series contains a wrong number. Find out that
number.
1. 527 318 237 188 163 154 150
(1) 318 (2) 237 (3) 188 (4) 163 (5) 154
2. 14 40 77 229 455 1367 2723
(1) 40 (2) 77 (3) 229 (4) 455 (5) 1367
3. 20250 3375 1350 225 75 15 6
(1) 3375 (2) 1350 (3) 225 (4) 75 (5) 15
4. 80 81 83 90 100 115 136
(1) 81 (2) 83 (3) 90 (4) 100 (5) 115
5. 8 15 50 250 1100 5475 27350
(1) 15 (2) 50 (3) 250 (4) 1100 (5) 5475
6. 70.21 71.49 71.81 70.85 72.13 71.17
(1) 71.49 (2) 71.81 (3) 70.85 (4) 72.13 (5) 70.56
7. 10 21 64 255 1286 7717 54020
(1) 21 (2) 255 (3) 64 (4) 1286 (5) 7717
8. 3 4.5 9 22.5 67.5 270 945
(1) 4.5 (2) 9 (3) 22.5 (4) 67.5 (5) 270
9. 376 188 88 40 16 4 -2
(1) 188 (2) 88 (3) 40 (4) 16 (5) 4
10. 5 6 10 37 56 178
(1) 6 (2) 56 (3) 37 (4) 10 (5) 178
Directions (Q. 11- 20) in each of the following questions, a number series is established if the posi-
tions of two out of the five marked numbers are interchanged. The position of the first unmarked
number remains the same and it is the beginning of the series. The earlier of the two marked numbers
whose positions are interchanged is the answer. For example, if an interchange of the number marked
'1' and the number marked '4' is required to establish the series, your answer is '1'. If it is not neces-
sary to interchange the position of the numbers to establish the series, give 5 as your answer. Re-
member that when the series is established, the numbers change from left to right (ie from the un-
marked number to the last marked number) in a specific order.
11. 2 11 59 227 697 1369
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
12. 379 500 591 556 267 331
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
13. 0 1 -2 68 21 465
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
14. 11880 1225.125 10890 1089 9801 990
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
15. 25 26 710 175 56 3563
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
16. 192 24 28 168 140 35
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
17. -1 0 -2 -15 -6095 -236
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
18. 739 547 635 106 10 186
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
19. 0 0.25 1.50 6.75 31 161.25
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
20. 714 125 2 9 0 20
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Directions (Qs. 21-30): In each of the following questions a number series is given. After the series, a
number is given below it, followed by A,B,C,D and E. You have to complete the series starting with the
number given and following the same property as in the given number series. Then answer the ques-
tions below it.
21. 123 149 182 224 277
321 A B C D E
Find the value of E
(1) 532 (2) 558 (3) 528 (4) 545 (5) None of these
22. 1 5 14 39 88
4 A B C D E
What should replace B?
(1) 43 (2) 17 (3) 34 (4) 40 (5) None of these
23. 2520 280 2240 320 1920 384
504 A B C D E
What should come in the place of C.
(1) 448 (2) 384 (3) 74 (4) 120 (5) 64
24. 6 9 21 39 83 163 333
4 A B C D E
Find the value of D
(1) 61 (2) 51 (3) 57 (4) 49 (5) None of these
25. 659 130 491 266 387 338
1009 A B C D E
What should come in the place of (D)
(1) 616 (2) 737 (3) 762 (4) 726 (5) None of these
26. 6 3 1 -4 -25
7 A B C D E
Find the value of C.
(1) -6 (2) -3 (3) -2 (4) 4 (5) None of these
27. 7 42 48 336 343
3 A B C D E
What is the value of D?
(1) 181 (2) 175 (3) 167 (4) 168 (5) None of these
28. 198 166 144 130 122
263 A B C D E
What should replace E?
(1) 183 (2) 178 (3) 182 (4) 180 (5) None of these
29. 8 17 44 125 368
4 A B C D E
Find the value of B.
(1) 8 (2) 42 (3) 22 (4) 9 (5) 39
30. 4 10 17 49 95
6 A B C D E
What is the value of C?
(1) 81 (2) 83 (3) 87 (4) 85 (5) None of these
Directions (Qs. 31-40): One number is wrong in each of the number series given in each of the
following questions. You have to identify that number and assuming that a new series starts with that
number following the same logic as in the given series, which of the numbers given in (1), (2), (3), (4)
and (5) given below each series will be third number in the new series?
31. 3 5 12 38 154 914 4634
(1) 1636 (2) 1222 3) 1834 (4) 3312 (5) 1488
32. 3 4 10 34 136 685 4116
(1) 22 (2) 276 (3) 72 (4) 1374 (5) 12
33. 214 18 162 62 143 90 106
(1) -34 (2) 110 (3) 10 (4) 91 (5) 38
34. 160 80 120 180 1050 4725 25987.5
(1) 60 (2) 90 (3) 3564 (4) 787.5 (5) 135
35. 572 4600 576 4032 672 3352
(1) 3371 (2) 3375 (3) 26397 (4) 4399.5 (5) None of these
36. 7 14 42 165 840 5040
(1) 330 (2) 165 (3) 990 (4) 3960 (5) None of these
37. 72 143 287 570 1147
(1) 4557 (2) 2289 (3) 1139 (4) 573 (5) None of these
38. 1 5 21 57 120 221
(1) 140 (2) 120 (3) 124 (4) 176 (5) None of these
39. 5 17 27 60 115
(1) 247 (2) 501 (3) 127 (4) 60 (5) None of these
40. 10 6 15 120 1879
(1) 116 (2) 120 (3) 4079 (4) 455 (5) None of these
Directions (Qs. 41-50): In each of the following questions a number series is given. A number in the
series is suppressed by letter 'A'. You have to find out the number in the place of 'A' and use this
number to find out the value in the place of the question mark in the equation following the series.
41. 36 216 64.8 388.8 A 699.84 209.952
A ÷36 = ?
(1) 61.39 (2) 0.324 (3) 3.24 (4) 6.139 (5) 32.4
42. 42 62 92 132 A 242 312
A + 14 = ? x 14
6 5
(1) 11 (2) 14 (3) 12 (4) 12 1 2 (5) 12 1 6
7 7
43. 4 7 12 19 28 A 52
A2 4 ?
(1) 1365 (2) 1353 (3) 1505 (4) 1435 (5) 1517
44. 18 24 A 51 72 98 129
3 4
A ?
7 5
23 12 2 2
(1) 12 (2) 11 (3) 12 (4) 14 (5) 10
35 35 5 7
3 3 9 9 27 27
45. A
8 4 16 8 32 16
A ?
3 6 6 3 9
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
2 8 4 4 8
46. 3 6 7 9 11 13 A 18
2A + 5 = ?
(1) 35 (2) 30 (3) 37 (4) 25 (5) 15
47. 5 8 13 A 29 40 53
A2 2 A ?
(1) 380 (2) 400 (3) 440 (4) 360 (5) 200
48. 1 A 4 12 15 60 64
A2 3 A 7 ?
(1) 2 (2) 17 (3) 12 (4) 20 (5) 8
49. A 27 38 51 66 83
A2 A3 ?
(1) 40 (2) 27 (3) 30 (4) 18 (5) 15
50. 2 5 9 14 A 27
4A
5A ?
2
(1) 60 (2) 20 (3) 100 (4) 70 (5) 50
Answers:
1. (1) 13 2 , 112 , 9 2 , 7 2
2. (5) 3 2, 2 3, 3 2, 2 3,
3. (4) 6, 2.5, 6, 2.5,
4. (2) A three tier sereis
5. (3) 5 52 , 5 52 ,
6. (1) 128
. , 0.96, 128
. , 0.96,
7. (2) 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1,
8. (5) 15
. , 2, 2.5, 3, 35
. ,
9. (1) 192, 96, 48, 24, 12, 6,
10. (2) 13 , 22 , 3 3 , 4 2 , 5 3 ,
11. (5) 6 12 , 5 2 2 , 4 32 , 3 4 2
12. (2) 112 , 13 2 , 15 2 , 17 2 ,
Replace (2) with (5)
2
13. (3) 1 13 , 2 2 2 , 3 32 , 4 4 2 ,
Replace (3) with (4)
14. (1) 12, 11, 10, 9
Replace (1) with (5)
15. (2) 1 1, 2 4, 3 7, 4 10,
Replace (2) with (4)
16. (2) 8, 7, 6, 5,
Replace (2) with (3)
17. (4) 12 1, 2 2 21, 32 3,
Replace (4) with (5)
18. (1) 27 2 , 25 2 , 23 2 , 212 ,
Replace (1) with (4)
19. (5) 1 0.25 12 , 22 0.25 2 2 , 3 0.25 32
20. (2) 6 ! 6, 5 ! 5, 4 ! 4, 3 ! 3
Replace (2) with (5)
21. (5)
22. (2) 4, 9, 25, 49
27,
23. (5) 9, 8, 7, 6,
24. (2) 2 3, 2 3, 2 3, 2 3,
25. (2) 23 2 , 19 2 , 15 2 , 112
26. (5) 1 3, 2 5, 3 7, 4 9,
27. (2) 6 6, 7 7, 8 8,
28. (1) 32, 22, 14, 8, 4,
29. (1) 3 7, 3 7,
30. (4) 3 2, 2 3, 3 2, 2 3,
31. (3) 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2,
32. (3) 1 1, 2 2, 3 3,
33. (4) 14 2 , 12 2 , 10 2 , 8 2 , 6 2 ,
34. (5) 0.5, 15
. , 2.5,3.5,
35. (3)
36. (3) 2, 3, 4, 5,
37. (2) 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1
38. (1) 22 , 4 2 , 6 2 , 8 2 ,
39. (1) 2 7, 2 7, 2 7, 2 7,
40. (4) 41 (3) 42 (2) 43. (5) 44. (1) 45. (5)
46. (1) 47. (4) 48. (2) 49. (3) 50. (1)
BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
PROBABILITY
If an event can happen in 'a' ways and fail ex.2. From a bag containing 4 white and 5 black
in 'b' ways, and each of these ways is equally balls a man draws 3 at random, what are
likely, then probability or the chance, or its hap- the odds against these being all black?
a b Sol: The total no. of ways in which 3 balls can
pening is , and that of its failing is
a b a b .
e.g., If in a lottery there are 7 prizes and 25 be drawn is 9 C3 and the no. of ways of
blanks, the chance that a person holding 1 ticket drawing 3 black balls is 5 C3 ; therefore
7
will win a prize is , and his chance of not the chance of drawing 3 black balls is
32 5
25 C3 5.4.3 5
winning is . 9
32 C3 9.8.7 42
If p is the probability of the happening Thus the odds against the event are 37
of an event, the probability of its not happening to 5.
is 1 p . ex.3. Find the chance of throwing at least one
ace in a simple throw with two dice.
Instead of saying that the chance of the
a Sol: The possible no. of cases is 6 6 or 36 .
happening of an event is
a b , it is sometimes An ace on one die may be associated
stated that the odds are 'a' to 'b' in favour of the with any of the 6 numbers on the other die, and
event, or 'b' to 'a' against the event. the remaining 5 numbers on the first die may be
associated with the ace on the second die, thus
If c is the total no. of cases, each being the number of favourable cases is 11.
equally likely to occur, and of these 'a' are
favourable to the event, then the probability that
11
Required chance
a 36
the event will happen is , and the probability ex.4. Find the chance of throwing more than
c 15 in one throw with 3 dice.
a
that it will not happen is 1 . Sol: A throw amounting to 18 must be made
c up of 6, 6, 6 and this can occur in 1 way,
ex.1. What is the chance of throwing a number 17 can be made up of 6, 6, 5 which can
greater than 4 with an ordinary die whose occur in 3 ways, 16 may be made up of
faces are numbered from 1 to 6. 6, 6, 4 and 6, 5, 5 each of which arrange-
ments can occur in 3 ways.
Sol: There are 6 possible ways in which the
die can fall, and of these two are Therefore the no.of favourable cases is =
favourable to the event required. 1+ 3 + 3 + 3 = 10 and the total number of
cases is 63 216 required chance
2 1
required chance . 10 5
6 3
216 108
ex.5. What is the probability that a digit se-
lected at random from the logarithmic
1
will win is . Assuming that a dead
table is (i) 1, (ii) 3 or 7. 8
Sol: Various digits in the log table are 0, 1, 2, heat is impossible, find the chance
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, i.e. a total of 10 digits that one of them will win.
is used.
1
(i) The number of favourable cases for get- Sol: Probability that A wins ( p1 ) , that
ting 1, out of 10 all equally likely cases is 6
1 1
one Prob. of getting 1 is . B wins ( p2 ) and that C wins
10 10
(ii) The no. of favourable cases for getting 3 1
( p3 ) . As a dead heat is impos-
2 1 8
or 7 is 2. Required Prob. . sible, these are mutually exclusive
10 5
events, so the chance that one of them
ex. 6. Find out the probability of forming 563 of
169 with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 will win the race is p1 p2 p3 i.e.
when only numbers of three digits are
formed and when
1 1 1 47
.
(i) repetitions are not allowed. 6 10 8 120
(ii) repetitions are allowed. ex.8. Two balls are to be drawn from a bag
containing 5 red and 7 white balls; find
Sol: (i) when repetitions are not allowed: the chance that they will both be white.
The total ways of forming numbers of
three digits with 9 given digits is Sol: Here any one pair of balls is as likely
9
to be drawn as any other pair. The
P3 9 8 7 504 . Of these, 12
total number of pairs is C2 , and the
favourable are two, i.e. 563 and 169.
So the required probability is number of pairs which are both white
2 1 is 7 C2 , .
504 252 The required chance is therefore
(ii) When repetitions are allowed: Out of 7.6 12.11 7
given 9 digits, 3 digit numbers can be 1.2 1. 2 22 .
formed in 9 9 9 729 ways.
Of these two are favourable cases, ex.9. Find the chance of drawing 2 white
balls in succession f rom a bag
2 conatining 5 red and 7 white balls, the
Probability balls drawn not being replaced.
729
Sol: The chance of drawing a white ball the
ex.7. In a race where 12 horses are running,
the chance that horse A will win is 7
first time is ; and, having drawn a
1 1 12
, that B will win is and that C white ball the first time, there will be
6 10 5 red and 6 white balls left, and
therefore the chance of drawing a white contains only one red ball, the chance
1 6
6 being and respectively..
ball the second time will be . 11 11
11 EXERCISE
Hence the chance of drawing two
white balls in succession will be 1. From a pack of 52 cards, two are drawn
at random. Find the chance that one is a
7 6 7 knave and the other a queen.
.
12 11 22 a) 6 663 b) 8
663
ex. 10. There are two bags, one of which con-
tains 5 red and 7 white balls and the c) 663
8 d) 52
663
other 3 red and 12 white balls, and a e) None
ball is to be drawn from one or other
of the two bags; find the chance of 2. A bag contains 5 white, 7 black, and 4
drawing a red ball. red balls. Find the chance that three balls
drawn at random are all white.
Sol: The chance of choosing the first bag
1 a) 1
56 b) 2
56
is , and if the first bag be chosen
2 c) 3 d) 4
56 56
the chance of drawing a red ball from e) None of these
5 3. What is the chance of throwing an ace
it is ; hence the chance of draw- in only the first of two successive throws
12 with an ordinary dice.
ing a red ball from the first bag is
1 5 5 a) 3
36 b) 4
36
. Similarly the
2 12 24 c) 5
36 d) 7
36
chance of drawing a red ball from the e) None of these
1 3 1 4. Three cards are drawn at random from
second bag is . an ordinary pack; find the chance that
2 15 10
they will consist of a knave, a queen and
Hence as these events are mutually
a king.
exclusive, the chance required is
11 12
5 1 37 a) b)
. 5525 5525
24 10 120
15 16
ex. 11. In two bags there are to be put alto- c) d)
5525 5525
gether 2 red and 10 white balls, nei-
ther bag being empty. How must the e) None of these
balls be divided so as to give a person 5. If 8 coins are tossed, what is the chance
who draws one ball from either bag. that one and only one will turn up head?
Sol: (i) the least chance and (ii) the greatest a) 1 b) 3
32 32
chance of drawing a red ball.
(i) The least chance is when one bag con- c) 5
32 d) 7
32
tains only one white ball, and the
e) None of these
greatest chance is when one bag
6. In a certain town, the ratio of males to Answers:
females is 1000 : 1987. If this tendency 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d)
is expected to continue, what is the
chance that a newly born baby is male? 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d)
9. (a) 10. (a)
a) 1000
1987 b) 1000
2987
INEQUALITIES AND MAXIMA & MINIMA
c) 1987 d) 2987
1000 1000 Any quantity is said to be greater than another
e) None quantity b when a - b is positive. Thus, 2 is
greater than -3 as 2 - (-3) = 5 is +ve.
7. What is the chance that a leap year, se-
lected at random, will contian 53 Also, b is said to be less than a when b-a is -ve.
sundays? Thus - 5 less than - 2, because - 5 - (-2)= -3,
which is -ve.
a) 1
7 b) 2
7 Zero must be regarded as greater than any -ve
quantity and less than any +ve quantity.
c) 3
7 d) 4
7
RULE 1- An inequality will still hold after each
e) None side has been increased, diminished, multiplied
8. Out of all the integers from 1 to 100, a or divided by the same +ve quantity.
number is selected at random. what is i.e., if a > b,
the probability that the selected number a+c>b+c
is not divisible by 7 ?
a-c>b-c
a) 40
50 b) 41
50 ac > bc c is positive
c) 42
50 d) 43
50 a b
e) None of these c c
9. 100 students appeared for two examina- RULE 2 - In an inequality any term may be
tions. 60 passed the first, 50 passed the transposed from one side to the
second and 30 passed both. Find the other if its sign is changed. i.e. if a -
probability that a student selected at ran- c> b, then a> b+c, or -c>b-a.
dom has failed in both the examinations.
RULE 3 - If the sides of all the terms of an
a) 1
5 b) 2
5 inequality be changed, the sign of
the inequality must be reversed. i.e.
c) 3
5 d) 4
5 if a>b, then b < a.
e) None RULE 4 - If the signs of all the terms of an
inequality be changed, the sign of
10. A child is asked to pick up two balloons the inequality must be reversed. ie.
from a box containing 10 blue and 15 red
if a> b, then -a< -b or -ac < -bc,
balloons. What is the probability of the
where c is +ve.
child picking at random two balloons of
different colours ? RULE 5 - If the sides of an inequality be
mutiplied by the same -ve quantity,
a) 1
2 b) 1
3 the sign of the inequality must be
rev ersed. i.e. if a > b, then
c) 1
4 d) 1
5 -ac < -bc; where c is +ve.
RULE 6- If a>b, then a n b n , and
then
1 a n 1 b n or a n b n ; if n is
m
a +ve quantity. a m b m c m ..... k m a b c ..... k
RULE 7 - The square of every real quantity is n n
+ve and therefore must be greater unless m is a positive proper fraction.
than zero.
RULE 11- It a, b, c are +ve and not all equal,
2 2 2
i.e. ( a b) 0; a b zab; Similarly,, then (a + b + c) (ab+ bc + ca) >
9 abc and, (b + c) (c + a) (a + b) >
xy 8 abc.
xy , x 0, y 0
2
ax a
Hence the arithmetic mean of two +ve quantities RULE 12- OR
is greater than their geometric mean. b x b according as
RULE 8 - If the sum of two +ve quantities is a < OR > b is x be positive or
given, their product is greatest when according as a> OR <b if x is
they are equal; and if the product of negative.
two +ve quantities is given, their sum
is least when they are equal. a c e ......
RULE 13-
RULE 9 - If a, b, c, .......k are n unequal b d f ...... is less than the
quantities, then, greatest and greater than the least,
n
a b c ...... k a c e
a. b. c. d ....... k of the fractions , , ,.......
n
b d f
a b c ......... k RULE 14- If a>x , b>y, c>z then
i.e. ( a. b. c. ..... k ) a + b + c + .....> x + y + z +.... and
n abc......> x y z........
Therefore , the arithmetic mean of any number
of +ve quantities is greater than their geometric RULE 15- a 2 b 2 c 2 bc ca ab .
mean.
RULE 10- If a and b are positive and unequal, RULE 16 - | n2 nn .
m
a m bm a b RULE 17- For any positiv e integer n
2 2 , except 1
when 'm' is a position proper fraction.
2 (1 ) n 3
n
If m is a positive integer or any
m
RULE 18 - a 2 b b 2 c c2 a 3abc
m m
a b a b
negative quantity
2 2 a b c d
RULE 19 - 4
If m is positiv e and less than1, b c d a
m
a m bm a b RULE 20 - a 4 b 4 c 4 d 4 4 abcd
,
2 2 ex.1. W hich of the two number
If there are n positive quantities a, b, c, ......k, 1000000
(1000001
. ) and 2 is greater?
1 20
Sol: (1. 000001)1000000 (1 )1000000
1000000 ex. 5. Solve 2 x 4
Which is greater than 2. (RULE 17). 3
ex. 2. which of the two numbers 10001000 20 8 4
Sol: 2x 4 2 x x
3 3 3
and 1001999 is greater ?
ex. 6. Solve (-2x + 3) 6
999 1000 3
1001 1001 1 2 x 3 x
Sol: . 2
10001000 1000 1001
ex. 7. Solve ( x 3) ( x 4) 0
1000 ( x 3) ( x ( 4) 0;
1 1
1 .
1000 1001 x does not lie between - 4 and
3.
1
which is 3 . 1 ex. 8. Solve x 2 8 x 7 0
1001
( x 1) ( x 7) 0 ;
10001000 1001999
[ x ( 1)] [ x ( 7)] 0
2
ex. 3. Find that min value of x 4 x 7 x lies between - 7 and -1.
f or real v alues of x.
ex. 9 Slove x 2 8 x 7 0
2 2
x 4 x 7 ( x 2) 3
( x 7) ( x 1) 0; x does not lie
Sol: A perfect square is always positive, between 1 and 7.
i.e., it cannot be less than zero.
the given expression is least when ex. 10. If w satisfies both the following in
equalities, and w is an integer, what
( x 2) 2 0 values can w have ?
min: value = 3 (i) 5 ( w 10) 4 w 0
ex . 4 Find the maximum v alue of
(ii) 8 7 w 3 (2 w 1)
. 4 x 4 x 2 for real values of x .
35
Sol: 5w 50 4 w 0 ; w 50
Sol: . 4 x 4 x 2 4.5 (1 4 x 4 x 2 )
35
8 7 w 6w 3 ;w 5 w
4.5 (1 2 x ) 2 lies between -50 and -5.
the given expression is maximum
when (1 2 x ) 2 is least. ie, when x 2
ex. 11. P 22 ;
1 2x 0 .
3 3
maximum value = 4.5 and this Q 12 2 x 8 x
1
occurs when x . R 10 4 x 14 ;
2
S 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
If x is an integer, list the members of the y is negative
following sets;
5 5
(a) PS (b) QS When x but 7; x +ve and
2 2
(c) RS (d) PQS 7 x is ve . y is positive.
(e) ( P R) S 5
when x 7, x is +ve and 7-x
2
x 2 x 2 is -ve; y is -ve.
Sol: P: 2 2 i.e.
3 3 3 3 The given expression is positive only as long
P 3, 4, 5..... 1
as x is between 2 and 7.
2
Q: 12 2 x 8 x i. e. x 4; x 4,
ex. 13. Find the greatest v alue of
Q [3, 2, 1, 0, 1,.....]
(a x ) 3 (a x ) 4 for any real value
R 10 4 x 14 i. e. 4 x 4, x 1, of x.
R [ 0, 1, 2, 3, .....] The given expresssion is greatest
when:
Therefore, P S [ 3, 4 , 5]
ax ax a
OR x .
Q S [ 0, 1, 2, 3] 3 4 7
Thus the greatest v alue is
R S [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
63 . 84 7
P Q S [ 3] a .
77
( P R ) S [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
(a) 3, 4, 5 (b) 0,1,2,3 [Note : a m b n c p ........... will be
greatest when the f actors
(c) 0,1,2,3,4,5 (d) 3
(e) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. a b c
.... ]
ex. 12. Between what values of x, is the m n p
expression 19 x 2 x 2 35 Remember : In order that a x 2 bx c may
positive? be always +ve, b 2 4ac must be -
ve or 0, and a must be +ve. In order
Sol: Let y denote the given expression, that ax 2 bx c may be always
y (2 x 2 19 x 35) negative, b 2 4ac must be -ve or
0 and a must be -ve.
(2 x 5) ( x 7) ex. 14 Find the greatest v alue of
5 x2
(2 x 5) ( 7 x ) 2( x ) ( 7 x )
2 x 3x 6 for real values of x.
2 2
5 5
when x ;x is -v e and
2 2 x2
(7 - x) is +ve, Sol: Let Y 2
; then
2x 3 x 6
The Second f actor is always
2 yx 2 (3 y 1) x 6 y 2 0 .
positive, hence x 3 16 x is greate
If x is real,
if x 1 .
(3 y 1) 2 8 y (6 y 2) must be
EXERCISE
positive (1+13y) (1 3 y) must be
1 1. If x be positive, find the greatest values of
+ve. Hence y must lie between (5 x ) ( x 3)
3
1 a) 16 b) 16 c) 18
and and its greatest value is
13 d) 20 e) None of these
1 2. If x be real, find the max. and min. values
.
3
x2 x 1
ex. 15: Find the least value of 3x 4 y if of 2
x x 1
x 2 y 3 6, x and y are positive. a) 2, 12 b) 3, 13
3 4 c) 4, 14 d) 4, 15
Sol: Let A x ; B y;
2 3 d) 5, 15 e) None of these
2
4 A 27 3
x2 y 3 . B 6 1
9 64 3. Find the max. value of
1 x x 2 for
A2 B 3 32 real values of x.
Now, 3x + 4y = 2A + 3 B. also, a) 1 b) 2
3 3
A.A.B.B.B = 32. The least value of
A+A+B+B+B will be so when all the c) 4
3 d) 5
3 e) None
quantities are equal. (RULE 8). 1
4. Find the min. value of x .
A B 2; Least v alue of x
3x 4 y 2 2 3 2 10 . a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
ex. 16. If x may have any real value, find e) None
which is greater, x 3 16 x OR 5. Find the greatest value of x 2 y 2 when
x 3 y 6c.
7 x 2 10 .
49 4 25 4
a) c b) c
Sol: x 3 16 x 7 x 2 10 has a factor 16 16
x-1. 36 4 81 4
c) c d) c e) None
16 16
x 3 7 x 2 16x 10
Answers:
( x 1) ( x 2 6 x 10) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a)
( x 1)[( x 3) 2 1] 5. (d)
Bank Probationery Officer
Quantitative Aptitude
DATA INTERPRETATION
Data Interpretation is one of the easy putting them to use directly with com-
sections of one day competitive Examinations. mon sense.
It is an extension of Mathematical skill and 4 . Breakdown lengthy questions into smaller
accuracy. Data interpretation is nothing but parts and eliminate impossible choices.
drawing conclusions and inferences from a
5 . Use only the information given and your
comprehensive data presented numerically in
knowledge of everyday facts, such as the
tabular form by means of an illustration, viz.
number of hours in a day, to answer
Graphs, Pie Chart etc. Thus the act of
the questions based on tables and
organising and interpreting data to get mean-
graphs.
ingful information is Data Interpretation.
6 . Answer the questions asked and not what
A good grasp of basic geometric as well
you think the questions should be.
as arithmetic formulae is must to score high
in this section. Familiarity with graphical rep- 7 . Be careful while dealing with units.
resentation of data like Venn diagrams, graphs, 8 . To make reading easier and to avoid er-
pie charts, histogram, polygon etc. should be rors observe graphs keeping them
thought. Once the data are grasped well, ques- straight.
tions based on tables and graphs take little 9 . Be prepared to apply basic mathematical
time. rules, principles and formulae.
In some competitive examinations data 1 0 . Since one of the major benefits of graphs
are presented in more than one table or graphs. and tables is that they present data in a
The aim is to test not only quantitative skill form that enables you to readily make
but also relative, comparative and analytical comparisons, use this visual attribute of
ability. The crux of the matter is to find a rela- graphs and tables to help you answer the
tionship between the two tables or graphs questions. Where possible, use your eyes
before attempting the questions. instead of your computational skills.
Some Useful tips: Tables
1 . Data Interpretation questions are based Tables are often used in reports, maga-
on information given in tables and graphs. zines and newspaper to present a set of
These questions test your ability to inter- numerical facts. They enable the reader
pret the information presented and to to make comparisons and to draw quick
select the appropriate data for answer- conclusions. It is one of the easiest and
ing a question. most accurate ways of presenting data.
2 . Get a general picture of the information They require much closer reading than
before reading the question. Read the graphs of charts and hence are difficult
given titles carefully and try to under- and time consuming to interpret.
stand its nature. One of the main purposes of tables is to
3 . Avoid lengthy calculations generally, data make complicated information easier to
interpretation questions do not require to understand. The advantage of presenting
do extensive calculations and computa- data in a table is that one can see the
tions. Most questions simply require read- information at a glance.
ing the data correctly and carefully and While answering questions based on
tables, carefully read the table title and SOLVED EXAMPLES
the column headings. The title of the table
gives you a general idea of the type and I. Directions (Qs. 1-5) study the following
often the purpose of the information pre- table and answer the questions given
sented. The column headings tell you the below it.
specific kind of information given in that Production of sugar by six major production
column. Both the table title and the col- units of India in Million Tonnes
umn headings are usually very straight PRODUCTION UNITS
forward.
Month A B C D E F
Graphs
April 310 180 169 137 140 120
There may be four types of graphs.
May 318 179 177 162 140 122
1) Circle Graphs: Circle graphs are used to
show how various sectors are in the Jun e 320 160 188 173 135 130
whole. Circle graphs are sometimes July 326 167 187 180 146 130
called Pie Charts. Circle graphs usually
August 327 150 185 178 145 128
give the percent that each sector receives
In such representation the total quantity 1 . In which month the unit B has a contribu-
in question is distributed over a total tion of approximately 15% in the total sugar
angle of 360°. production?
While using circle graphs to find ratios 1) August 2) Jun e
of various sectors, don't find the 3) July 4) April
amounts each sector received and then
2 . Which of the following units shows con-
the ratio of the amounts. Find the ratio
tinuous increase in production of sugar over
of the percents, which is much quicker.
months?
2) Line Graphs: Line graphs are used to
1) A 2) B
show how a quantity changes continu-
ously. If the line goes up, the quantity is 3) C 4) D
increasing; if the line goes down, the quan- 3 . In the case of Unit E, in which of the fol-
tity is decreasing; if the line is horizon- lowing pairs of months the production of sugar
tal, the quantity is not changing. was equal?
3) Bar Graphs: Given quantities can be com- 1) April & June 2) June & July
pared by the height or length of a bar
3) July & August 4) April & May
graph. A bar graph can have either ver-
tical or horizontal bars. You can compare 4 . In the month of June, how many units
different quantities or the same quantity have a share of more than 25% of the total
at different times. In bar graph the data production of sugar?
is discrete. Presentation of data in this 1) one 2) Three
form makes evaluation of parameters
comparatively very easy. 3) Two 4) Four
4) Cumulative Graphs : You can compare 5 . What was approximate percentage de-
several catagories by a graph of the crease in sugar production of unit B in June as
cumulative type. These are usually bar compared to April?
or line graphs where the height of the 1) 8% 2) 1 0 %
bar or line is divided up proportionally 3) 15% 4) 1 8 %
among different quantities.
Ans: 180 160 20
1. (3) Total production in April = 100 x 100
180 180
= 310+180+169+137+140+120=1056 = 11.11% 10%
15 II. Directions (Qs. 6-10): Study the following
15% of 1056 = x 1056 158.4
100 graph carefully and answer the questions given
below it:
Total Production in June
1 2 0 0 __________________________________A
= 320+160+188+173+135+130
1 1 5 0 __________________________________
B
= 1106
1 1 0 0 __________________________________
15
PRICE IN RS
15% 1106 = x 1106 165.9 1 0 5 0 __________________________________
100
Total production in July 1 0 0 0 __________________________________
= 326+167+187+146+130=1136 9 5 0 __________________________________
9 0 0 __________________________________
15
15% of 1136 = x 1136 170.4
100 8 5 0 __________________________________
Total Production in August 8 0 0 __________________________________
= 327+150+185+178+145+128= 1113 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug
MONTHS
15
15% of 1113 = x 1113 166.95 167 6) What was the price difference between
100 commodity A and B in the month of April?
ie, in Month July, the Unit B has a contri- 1) 250 2) 1 5 0
bution of approximately 15% in the total sugar 3) 1 0 0 4) 9 0
production.
7 . What was the difference in average price
2 . (1) Unit A shows continuous increase in between commodity A and B from April to
production of sugar over months. August?
3 . (4) In Unit E, the pair of months that shows 1) 86 2) 7 5
equal sugar production is April and May. 3) 95 4) 8 5
4 . (1) Total Production in June = 8 . In which of the following pairs of months
320+160+188+173+135+130 = 1106 was the price of commodity A same?
25 1) January - March 2) May-June
25% of 1106= x 1106 276.5 units 3) April- August 4) July-August
100
9 . What was the approximate percentage
ie, Unit A shows more than 25% of the
decrease in the price of commodity A from
total production of sugar in the month June. March to April?
5 . (2) In unit B, the production in June = 1) 1 2) 9 3) 1 4 4) 1 2
160 the production in April = 180 units
1 0 . What was the percentage increase in
Decrease in percentage price of commodity B from January to April?
1) 1 5 2) 2 0 3) 1 7 4) 1 0
III Directions (11-15): Study the following
Ans 6 (2).The price of commodity A in April
graph carefully and answer the questions given
= 1000 below it.
The price of commodity B in April PRODUCTION OF FOODGRAIN OVER THE
= 1150 YEARS (1000 TONNES)
Difference = 1150 - 1000 = 150 130
7) (b). Average price of commodity A from 120
110
April to August
100
1000 1050 975 900 1000 80
= 65
5
4925
= 985
5 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Average price of commodity B from
11) In the case of how many years was the
April to August production below the average production of
the given years?
1150 1100 1100 1000 950
= 1) one 2) t w o
5
3) three 4) four
5300
= 1060 12) What was the percentage drop in produc-
5 tion from 1996 to 1997?
Difference = 1060 - 985 = 75 1) 100 2) 5 0
8)(3) Price of commodity A in April = 1000 3) 65 4) 4 0
Price of commodity A in August = 1000 13) In which year was the production 50%of
Therefore, in April - August the price of the total production in 1993 and 1998 together
commodity A was same. 1) 1994 2) 1 9 9 5
9)(4) Price of commodity A in March = 1125 3) 1996 4) 1 9 9 7
Price of commodity A in April = 1000 1 4 . If the production in 1999 will be above
Decrease the average production of the given years,
which of the following could be the minimum
1125 1000 125 production for 1999?
= 100 x 100
1) 1 0 50 0 0 2) 1 2 00 0 0
1125 1125
= 11.11% 12% 3) 1 0 09 0 0 4) 1 3 00 0 0
10)(1)Price of commodity B in January= 1000 1 5 . What was the approximate percentage
Price of commodity B in April = 1150 increase in production from 1993 to 1994
1) 60 2) 4 0
1150 1000 3) 110 4) 3 0
Increase = 100
1000
150 x100
= 15%
1000
Ans:- IV. Directions (Qs. 16-20):- Study the follow-
11.(3) Average production ing graph carefully and answer the questions
given below it:
80 110 100 130 65 120 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF A
=
6 COMPANY OVER THE YEARS
(In lakhs Rupees)
605
= INCOME
6
EXPENDITURE
= 100.833 thousand tonnes
= 100900 tonnes 60 60
60
ie. production in 1993, 1995 and 1997 50
was below the average.
40 40
12.(2) Production in 1996 = 130 thousand 40
Rupees in Lakhs
35
tonnes. 30 30 30
Production in 1997 = 65 thousand tonnes
20
20
130 65
decrease= 130 100
65 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
= x100 = 50%
130 Years
13.(2). Total production in 1993 and 1998 1 6 . What was the difference in profit between
= 80+120 = 200 1995 and 1996?
1) Rs. 10 lakhs 2) Rs. 5 lakhs
50
50% of 200 = x 200 100 3) Rs. 15 lakhs 4) No profit
100
1 7 . In the case of how many years was the
ie, the production in 1995 was 50% of
income more than the average income of the
the total production in 1993 and 1998.
given years?
14.(3).Average production = 100900 tonnes. 1) one 2) t w o
Therefore the minimum production in 3) three 4) four
1999 will be 100900 tonnes
1 8 . What was the percentage increase in
15.(2). Production in 1993 = 80 thousand tonnes. expenditure from 1996 to 1997?
Production in 1994 = 110 thousand tonnes 1
1) 10 2) 33
Increase 3
2
110 80 30 3) 66 4) 2 0
= 100 x 100 40% 3
80 80
1 9 . The income in 1996 was equal to the
expenditure of which of the following years?
1) 1994 2) 1 9 9 5
3) 1997 4) 1 9 9 8
2 0 . In which of the following years was the 1) Rs. 2500000 2) Rs. 3750000
profit the maximum? 3) Rs. 5000000 4) Rs. 6000000
1) 1 9 9 4 2) 1 9 9 5 2 2 . Out of the following, the country spent
3) 1 9 9 6 4) 1 9 9 8 the same amount on
Ans:- 1) Hockey and Tennis
16.(1).Profit in 1995 = 50-30=Rs. 20 lakhs 2) Golf and foot ball
Profit in 1996 = 40-30 = Rs. 10 lakhs 3) Cricket and Foot ball
Difference in profit=20-10=Rs. 10 lakhs
4) Football and Hockey
17.(3) Average income
2 3 . Pie-chart shows that the most popular
30 50 40 60 60 240 game of the country is (on the basis of money
= = 48
5 5 spent)
Therefore in 1995, 1997 and 1998, the 1) Cricket 2) Foot ball
income is more than the average income 3) Basket ball 4) Hockey
18.(2) Expenditure in 1996 = Rs. 30 lakh 2 4 . The ratio of the total amount spent on
Expenditure in 1997 = Rs. 40 lakh football to that spent on hockey is
Increase 1) 1: 15 2) 1: 1
40 30 10 1 3) 15 : 1 4) 3: 20
= 100 x100 33 %
30 30 3 2 5 . If the total amount spent on sports dur-
ing the year was Rs. 12000000, how much
19.(3) The income in 1996 was equal to the
was spent on basket ball?
expenditure in 1997 ie Rs. 40 lakhs.
20.(4) The profit is maximum in the year 1) Rs. 950000 2) Rs. 1000000
19 98 . 3) Rs. 1200000 4) Rs. 1500000
V. Directions (Qs. 21-25) The pie-chart Ans:-
drawn below shows the spendings of a coun-
21.(4) The amount spent on Cricket and
try on various sports during a particular year.
Hockey
Study the pie-chart carefully and answer the
questions given below it. 15000000 x 40
= Rs. 6000000
PERCENT OF MONEY SPENT ON VARIOUS 100
SPORTS FOR ONE YEAR
22.(4) The country spent the same amount
on football and hockey
Te n n is Golf
10% 12.5% 23.(1) The most popular game is cricket
Others
10% Bas ket 24.(2) The required ratio = 15:15 = 1:1
b all 12.5%
25.(4) The amount spent on basket ball
Cricket Fo ot Ball
25% 15%
Ho ckey
12000000 x12.5
=
15% 100
= Rs. 1500000
21. If the total amount spent on sports during
the year was Rs. 15000000, the amount spent
on cricket and hockey together was
PRACTICE TEST (1) 75 : 79 (2) 14 :17
(3) 79:75 (4) 17:14
Directions (Q.1- 5): Study the following table care-
(5) None of these
fully and answer the questions given below:
4. What is the total number of members staying
Number of Males and Females Staying in Var- in all the societies together ?
ious Societies
(1) 3520 (2) 3360
Societies Males Females (3) 4100 (4) 3000
A 250 350 (5) None of these
B 400 150 5. What is the difference between the number of
C 300 275 male children in Society B and the number of
D 280 300 male children in Society F ?
E 180 250 (1) 84 (2) 14
F 325 300 (3) 96 (4) 26
(5) None of these
Percentage of Children (Males and Females)
Directions—(Q.6 to 10) Study the following
in Societies
Pie-chart carefully and answer the questions
Societies Children Male Children Female Children given below:
A 25% 40% 60% Percentage of People in a city working in
Night Shifts from various Industries (Total
B 40% 75% 25% number of People-40250 )
C 16% 25% 75%
D 25% 80% 20%
E 40% 50% 50%
Ba 14%
nk
F 24% 46% 54% Sa
ing
les
8%
1. What is the respective ratio of the number of IT 12%
adult females to the total number of female
children staying in all the societies together ? Call Centre Gaming
(1) 243 : 82 (2) 112 : 71 32% 18%
(3) 82 : 243 (4) 71:112
(5) None of these
2. What is the total number of female children Percentage of Females from Various
staying in all the societies together ? Industries Working in Night Shifts
(1) 314 (2) 433 Industries Females
(3) 410 (4) 343 IT 20%
(5) None of these Gaming 20%
3. What is the respective ratio of the total number Call Centre 45%
of adult males in Societies A and B together Sales 60%
to the total number of adult males in Societies Banking 40%
E and F together?
Chemical Industries 15%
6. What is the respective ratio of men to the cent of the total number of employees working
women working in night shifts from the Call in HR department of all the organizations
Centre industry? together ?
(1) 9 :11 (2) 7:5 (1) 4 (2) 8 (3) 12 (4) 6 (5) 10
(3) 8:13 (4) 11:7 12. What is the approximate difference between
(5) None of these the average number of people working in
7. What is the approximate average number of Marketing and Production departments from
females working in night shifts from all the
all the organization together?
industries together?
(1) 2227 (2) 4481 (1) 578 (2) 231 (3) 330 (4) 1156 (5) 300
(3) 3326 (4) 2823 13. What is the respective ratio of the total number
(5) 4107 of employees working in organization A to the
8. What is the total number of men working in total number of employees working in
night shifts from all the industries together ? organization E ?
(1) 28297 (2) 25788 (1) 225:233 (2) 71: 75
(3) 28678 (4) 26887 (3) 75 : 71 (4) 233 : 215
(5) None of these (5) None of these
9. The number of women from the gaming industry 14. What is the total number of employees from
are what percent of the total number of people all the departments working in all the
working in the night shifts from all the
organizations together?
industries together ?
(1) 5.6 (2) 3.6 (1) 26960 (2) 28910
(3) 3.2 (4) 4.4 (3) 28190 (4) 29660
(5) None of these (5) None of these
10. What is the difference between the total 15. The number of people working in the Finance
number of men and the total number of women department f rom organization B are
working in night shifts from all the industries approximately what per cent of the total number
together ? of employees working in organization B ?
(1) 13254 (2) 13542 (1) 12 (2) 15 (3) 20 (4) 17 (5) 25
(3) 13524 (4) 13363
Directions-(Q. 16 to 20) Study the following
(5) None of these
data carefully and answer the questions
Directions-(Q. 11 to 15) Study the following given below:
table carefully and answer the questions Out of a total number of commuters
given below: commuting daily in a city, 17,171 commuters
commute only by trains daily. 7359
Number of People Working in Various
commuters commute only by bikes and
Departments from Various Organisations
22,077 commuters only by bus. 14,718
Departments Organisations
commuters commute only by their private cars
A B C D E and 4,906 commuters commute only by
HR 1050 1015 976 888 1004 autos. 7,359 commuters commute only by
Finance 1017 960 786 1025 963 taxis. 26,983 commuters commute by bus as
Marketing 1382 1384 1275 1300 1290 well as trains daily. 9,812 commuters
Production 1542 1545 1550 1570 1580 commute by autos as well as trains daily.
Accounts 786 745 801 800 735 12,265 commuters commute by bus as well
Legal 48 54 36 30 53 as autos daily.
16. The total number of commuters commuting
11. The total number of employees working in the by trains form what per cent of the total number
legal department are approximately what per of commuters commuting daily ?
(1) 22 (2) 44 (3) 14 sold in the year 2005 to the difference between
(4) 36 (5) None of these the number of units manufactured and sold in
the year 2006?
17. The total number of commuters commuting
(1) 2 : 3 (2) 1: 2 (3) 1: 4
by autos form what per cent of the total number
of commuters commuting daily ? (4) 3 : 5 (5) None of these
23. What is the respective ratio of the number of
(1) 10 (2) 18 (3) 22
units manufactured in the year 2003 to the
(4) 4 (5) None of these number of units manufactured in the year
18. The total number of commuters commuting by 2007?
bikes and taxis together form what per cent of (1) 7:11 (2) 9 :14 (3) 7:9
the total number of commuters commuting daily? (4) 9 :11 (5) None of these
(1) 12 (2) 6 (3) 8 24. What is the approximate per cent increase in
(4) 16 (5) None of these the number of units sold in the year 2007 from
19. What is the total number of commuters in the the previous year ?
city commuting daily? (1) 190 (2) 70 (3) 60
(1) 122650 (2) 126250 (4) 95 (5) 117
(3) 162250 (4) 152260 25. What is the difference between the number
of units manufactured and the number of units
(5) None of these
sold over the years ?
20. The number of commuters commuting only (1) 50000000 (2) 5000000
by bus form what per cent of the total number (3) 500000000 (4) 500000
of commuters commuting daily ?
(5) None of these
(1) 40 (2) 22 (3) 32
(4) 18 (5) None of these Directions-(Q. 26 to 30) Study the following
table carefully and answer the questions
Directions-(Q. 21 to 25) Study the following
given below :
graph carefully and answer the questions
given below: Dozens of Eggs produced by various
Units of Raw Material Manufactured and Poultry Farms over the years
Sold by a Company Over the Years (units Years Farms
in crores) A B C D E F
2000 420 360 396 528 492 444
8
7 2001 564 492 576 612 576 540
6
5 2002 588 612 624 648 576 564
4
3 2003 600 660 648 636 612 600
2 2004 648 708 684 672 660 672
1
0 2005 732 744 720 756 708 720
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
26. What is the average number of eggs produced
Manufactured Sold by Farm D over the years ?
(1) 7704 (2) 7526
21. What is the average number of units sold over (3) 7732 (4) 7609
the years ? (5) None of these
(1) 440000000 (2) 4400000 27. The eggs produced by Farm B in the year 2003
(3) 440000 (4) 44000000 are approximately what per cent of the eggs
(5) None of these produced by Farm B over the years ?
22. What is the respective ratio of the difference (1) 24 (2) 18 (3) 21
between the number of units manufactured and (4) 3 (5) 15
28. What is the respective ratio of the dozens of (4) The difference between the number of
eggs produced by Farm A to Farm E in the computers manufactured and the number
year 2005? of computers sold by Company S is 50000
(1) 60 : 61 (2) 61: 63 (5) The total number of computers sold by all
(3) 60 : 63 (4) 63 : 61 the companies together is 1375000
(5) None of these
29. What is the respective ratio of the dozens of 32. What is the respective ratio of the number of
eggs produced by Farms A, B and C together computers manufactured by Companies R and
in the year 2000 to the dozens of eggs S together to the number of computers sold
produced by Farms D, E and F together in by Companies R and S together ?
the same year ? (1) 29 : 26 (2) 9 : 10
(1) 49 : 64 (2) 51: 61 (3) 31: 28 (4) 11 : 13
(3 49 : 61 (4) 51: 55
(5) None of these
(5) None of these
30. What is the difference between the total 33. The number of computers manufactured by
number of eggs produced by all the farms Company T are approximately what per cent
together in the year 2001 and the year 2004 ? of the number of computers manufactured by
(1) 8200 (2) 8280 Company R?
(3) 8028 (4) 8208 (1) 58 (2) 52 (3) 60 (4) 56 (5) 64
(5) None of these 34. The number of computers sold by Company
Directions-(Q. 31 to 35) Study the following Q are what per cent of the number of
graph carefully and answer the questions computers manufactured by Company Q ?
given below : (1) 65 (2) 60 (3) 75
Number of Computers Manufactured and (4) 50 (5) None of these
Sold by Various companies Over the Years
(Number in Lakhs) 35. What is the difference between the average
number of computers manufactured by all the
4.5
companies together and the average number
4 of computers sold by all the companies
No. of Companies
3.5 together ?
3
2.5 (1) 45000 (2) 40000
2
1.5 (3) 50000 (4) 35000
1
(5) None of these
0.5
0 Directions—(Q. 36 to 40) Study the following
P Q R S T graph carefully and answer the questions given
Companies below.
Manufactured Sold Number of Students from various Age
Groups studying in various Schools
31. Which of the following statements is true ? 4000
(1) The number of computers sold by 3500
Company R are 50 per cent of the number 3000
of computers manufactured by it. 2500
2000
(2) The average number of computers 1500
manufactured by Companies R, S and T 1000
together is 475000. 500
(3) The respective ratio of the number of 0
H I Scho o ls J K
computers sold by Company P to
4-7 Years 8-11 Years 12-15 Years
Company Q is 3:7.
36. What is the approximate difference between 41. What is the respective ratio of the number of
the average number of students in the age students from the discipline of Arts and
group of 4-7 years from all the schools and Commerce together from college A to the
the average number of students in the age number of students from the same disciplines
group of 12-15 years from all the schools ? from college B ?
(1) 60 (2) 58 (3) 66 (4) 68 (5) 63 (1) 6 :11 (2) 7 : 9 (3) 2:3
37. The total number of students studying in school (4) 7:10 (5) None of these
H is what percent of the total number of 42. What is the difference between the total
students studying in school I ? (Rounded off number of students from the discipline of
to two digits after decimal) Arts from all the colleges together and the total
number of students from the discipline of
(1) 85.16 (2) 84.32
Science from all the colleges together ?
(3) 88.88 (4) 86.11 (1) 22874 (2) 23863
(5) None of these (3) 22963 (4) 23874
38. The number of students studying in school J (5) None of these
in the age group of 12-15 years are 43. What is the average number of students from
approximately what per cent of the total the discipline of Commerce from all the
number of students in other age groups colleges together?
together from the same school ? (1) 9745 (2) 9735
(1) 32 (2) 41 (3) 28 (4) 37 (5) 47 (3) 9720 (4) 9750
39. What is the approximate average number of (5) None of these
students studying in all the schools together? 44. Which college has the least number of
(1) 8329 (2) 8313 (3) 8317 (4) 8309 (5)8333 students from the discipline of Science ?
40. What is the respective ratio of the number of (1) A (2) C (3) E
students in the age-group of 8-11 years (4) D (5) None of these
studying in schools H and I together to the 45. The number of students from the discipline of
number of students from the same age- Arts from college D are approximately what per
group studying in schools J and K together? cent of the number of students from the
(1) 27 : 23 (2) 27:25 discipline of Commerce from the same college?
(3) 25 : 23 (4) 23 : 21 (1) 61 (2) 58 (3) 53
(5) None of these (4) 63 (5) 49
Directions—(Q. 31 to 35) Study the following table Directions (Q. 46-50): Study the following pie-
carefully and answer the questions given below : chart carefully and answer the questions given
Percentage distribution of students in various below:
Disciplines from five different colleges
Colleges Disciplines
Arts Commerce Science Total Bread
Vegetables
20%
number of 30%
students Salad
A 25 35 40 17500 15%
Fis
B 15 45 40 25000 h 5%
M
ea
C 15 30 55 35300 Sprouts
t6
Fruits
13%
%
D 28 48 24 23000 11%
E 29 30 41 32400
46. What is the total number of people preferring 53. During which year the percentage increase/
vegetables and those preferring sprouts? decrease in production of commodity ‘X’ from
1) 11,900 2) 12,300 the previous year was the maximum?
3) 12,500 4) 11,500 1) 1998 2) 2000 3) 2003
5) None of these 4) 2002 5) None of these
47. What is the difference between the total 54. Approximately, what was the av erage
number of people prefferring meat to the total production (in lakh tonnes) of commodity Y’?
number of people preferring fish? 1) 225 2) 216 3) 195
1) 150 2) 200 3) 300 4) 185 5) 205
4) 350 5) None of these 55. What is the ratio between total production of
the two commodities together for years 1997,
48. People preferring fruits are approximately what 1998 & 1999 and the total production of the
per cent of the people preferririg vegetables? two commodities together for years 2001, 2002
1) 48 2) 35 3) 46 4) 37 5) 30 & 2003?
49. Out of the total sample population, how many 1) 9 : 13 2) 13 : 18 3) 18 : 13
people have given preference for fish? Directions (Q. 56-60): Study the following table
1) 1600 2)1800 3) 1500 carefully to answer these questions.
4) 1400 5) None of these Subject Marks obtained out of
50. What is the ratio of the number of people History Geogra Science Maths English Hindi
preferring meat to the number of people Student (75) phy (75) (120) (150) (80) (60)
preferring salad? P 45 53 100 117 50 45
1) 2 : 5 2) 3 : 5 3) 2 : 3 Q 56 58 96 132 46 50
4) 4 : 3 5) None of these T 48 60 112 120 52 42
Directions (Q. 51-55): Study the following D 62 67 88 108 48 34
graph carefully to answer these questions. G 66 55 92 140 60 32
F 54 64 108 116 53 40
x y
Production in Lakh Tonnes
300 56. What is the average percentage of marks
250 obtained by all the students in Science?
200 (rounded off to two digits after decimal)
150
1) 99 2) 82.78 3) 88.72
100
50
4) 78.88 5) None of these
0 57. What is the overall percentage of marks
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 obtained by D in all subjects? (rounded off to
51. For which of the following pairs of years the Years two digits after decimal)
total production of the two commodities 1) 72.88 2) 76.28 3) 73.17
together is equal? 4) 72.68 5) None of these
1) 1997 & 2000 2) 2002 & 2003 58. What are the average marks obtained by all
3) 200l & 2003 4) 1998 & 1999 students in English ?
5) None of these 1) 52.5 2) 64.38 3) 56.38
52. What is the ratio between the total production 4) 60.5 5) None of these
of commodities X and Y for all the seven years 59. What is the ratio between total marks obtained
together? in all subjects by F and G respectively ?
1) 26 : 27 2) 13 : 14 1) 87 : 89 2) 89 : 87
3) 27 : 26 4) 14 : 13 3) 67 : 69 4) 69 : 67
5) None of these 5) None of these
60. Which student has scored in Maths closest Directions (Q. 66-70): Study the pie-chart
to the average marks in Maths? carefully to answer the questions that follow.
1) P 2) Q 3) T Percentage of students enrolled in different
4) F 5) None of these Hobby classes in a School.
Directions (Q. 61-65): Study the table carefully Total number of students = 3600
to answer the questions that follow.
Standard
Cl
St ses
School I II III IV V VI
as
Singing
itc 11
hi n %
A 42 54 48 58 50 38 Classes 18%
g
B 50 60 58 45 45 46 Painting
Classes 15% Cooking
C 40 48 58 46 42 54 a % Classes 22%
a m 3
D 45 55 46 40 52 50 Dr es 1
s s
E 48 55 44 55 52 48 a
Cl Dancing
F 52 52 54 42 60 54 Classes 21%
61. Which standard has the lowest total number
of students from all the given schools together?
66. The number of students enrolled in Cooking
1) V 2) VI Classes is what per cent of that in Dancing
3) 1 4) IV Classes? (rounded off to two digits after
5) None of these decimal
62. Which school has the highest total number of 1) 101.45 2) 104.76
students from all the given standards together? 3) 113.84 4) 110.28
1) E 2) F 5) None of these
3) B 4) A 67. What is the total number of students enrolled
5) None of these in Stitching and Drama Classes together ?
63. What is the ratio of students studying in 1) 684 2) 846
Standard III of Schools A and B together to 3) 648 4) 864
those studying in standard VI of schools C 5) None of these
and D together? 68. How many students are enrolled in Painting
1) 53 : 52 2) 43 : 47 Classes?
3) 25 : 27 4) 39 : 38 1) 550 2) 480
5) None of these 3) 450 4) 520
5) None of these
64. What is the approximate average number of
69. The number of students enrolled in Painting
students studying in Standard I from all
Classes is approximately what per cent of that
schools together ?
in Singing classes?
1) 38 2) 50
1) 78 2) 92
3) 40 4) 43 3) 83 4) 66
5) 46 5) 72
65. The number of students studying in Standard 70. What is the ratio of the number of students
IV in School E is what per cent of that in enrolled in Singing and Dancing classes
Standard IV in School D? together to that in Drama classes?
1) 128 2) 132.5 1) 3 : 1 2) 4 : 7
3) 124 4) 137.5 3) 7 : 5 4) 3 : 5
5) None of these 5) None of these
Directions (Q. 71-75): Study the table carefully Directions (Q. 76-80) : Study the graph
to answer the questions that follow. carefully to answer the questions that follow.
Percentage of men employed in five different Profit (in lakhs) made by three companies
departments of different organisations over the years Profit = Income - Expenditure
Organi Total Department
sation Number HR Mark Produ Acc IT Co mpany A Co mpany B Company C
of Empl- eting ction ounts 9
oyees 8
Profit (in lakhs)
7
A 2600 53 66 83 67 80 6
5
B 1750 28 72 94 36 82 4
3
C 3000 62 61 91 43 81 2
1
D 2400 64 79 79 66 47 0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
E 1900 42 83 87 74 57
Years
71. What is the average number of men working
in the Accounts department of all 76. Profit made by Company A in the year 2002
organisations together ? was what per cent of the total profit made by
all the three companies in that year?
1 2
1) 1624 2) 1450 1) 31.25 2) 28.24
5 5
3) 21.43 4) 36.25
1 2 5) None of these
3) 1748 4) 1330
5 5 77. If the income of Company A in the year 2005
5) None of these was Rs 13,54,300/-, what was its expenditure
72. What is the total number of men employed in in that year?
the Production department of all organisations l) Rs 9,21,600/- 2) Rs 8,33,500/-
together? 3) Rs 6,48,200/- 4) Rs 7,54,300/-
1) 11245 2) 10260 5) None of these
3) 10082 4) 9825 78. What is the approximate average profit made
5) None of these by Company A in all the years together ?
73. Which organisation has the lowest number of l) Rs 3,98,000/- 2) Rs 3, 82,000/-
men working in the Marketing department? 3) Rs 4,83,000/- 4) Rs 5,12,000/-
1) A 2) B 3) C 5) Rs 4,05,000/-
4) D 5) E 79. What is the per cent increase in profit of
74. The number of men in the IT department of Company C in the year 2002 from the previous
Company D forms approximately what per cent year ?
of that in the same department of Company 1) 7 2) 14
B? 3) 21 4) 28
1) 68 2) 85 3) 90 5) None of these
4) 62 5) 79 80. If the expenditure of Company B in the year
75. What is the total number of women working in 2006 was Rs 22,11,430/- what was its income
the HR department and IT department together in that year ?
from Company C ? l) Rs 29,12,260/- 2) Rs 28, 14,680/-
1) 1710 2) 1840 3) Rs 32,09,670/- 4) Rs 27, 11, 430/-
3) 2730 4) 2050 5) None of these
5) None of these
Directions—(Q. 81 to 85) Study the following Directions—(Q. 86 to 90) Study the following table
graph carefully and answer the questions given carefully and answer ic questions given below—
below it. Marks Obtained by Six Students in Five Subjects
Production of Six Types of Passenger Cars Stud- Subjects
Produced by a Manufacturer for Two Years
ents Phy- Mathe- Chem- Biol- Engl- Total
(in Thousands)
sics matics istry ogy ish (700)
(Max. (Max. (Max. (Max. (Max.
Marks Marks Marks Marks Marks
100) 200) 150) 100) 150)
A 60 130 75 45 60 370
B 75 124 90 62 90 441
C 55 108 85 59 132 439
D 65 165 108 48 116 502
E 80 114 124 64 98 480
F 64 144 98 54 106 466
86. Approximately what percentage of marks
did D get in English ?
(1) 77 (2) 70 (3) 68
(4) 90 (5) 85
81. For which type of car was there a highest per
87. Marks obtained by B in Physics and Biology
cent decrease in production from 2005 to 2006?
together were approximately what per cent of
(1) B (2) C (3) E
the total marks obtained in all the five subjects
(4) F (5) None of these together ?
82. What was the difference in the number of B (1) 47 (2) 58 (3) 35
type cars produced by the manufacturers
(4) 60 (5) 65
between 2005 and 2006 ?
88. In which of the following subjects did C get
(1) 5,000 (2) 20,000
more than sixty per cent marks ?
(3) 10,000 (4) 2,500
(1) Biology and English only
(5) None of these
(2) English only (3) Biology only
83. The number of D type cars produced in 2005
(4) Physics and English only
Was approximately what per cent of the
(5) None of these
number of E type cars produced in 2006 ?
(1) 94 (2) 90 (3) 85 89. In which of the following subjects did F get
less than sixty per cent marks ?
(4) 105 (5) 100
(1) Biology and English only
84. For which type of car was there a highest
per cent increase in production from 2005 to (2) Physics and English only
2006 ? (3) Physics and Biology only
(1) A (2) B (3) E (4) Biology only (5) None of these
(4) F (5) None of these 90. Which of the following students did get more
85. The total production of which of the following than sixty five per cent marks in total of all
types of cars in 2006 was exactly equal to the subjects together ?
the production of E type cars in 2005 ? (1) D and E only (2) E and F only
(1) B and A (2) B and E (3) D and F only (4) C and F only
(3) E and D (4) F and C (5) None of these
(5) None of these
Directions—(Q. 91 to 95) These questions are (1) 2004 (2) 2003 (3)2005
based on the following information. Study it (4) 2003 and 2005 (5) 2002 and 2005
carefully and answer the questions— 98. What is the ratio between the number of Girls
In a group of 60 boys, all the boys play at least in Class X and Class VIII respectively ?
one game out of Hockey, Football and
Volleyball. One-third of the boys play only Details of No. of Students
Hockey, 25% play only Football and 20% play Ratio Total no.
only Volleyball. 5 boys play both Hockey and Class Boys : Girls of Students
Volleyball, 4 boys play both Hockey and X 3 : 4 105
Football, 2 boys play both Football and IX 5 : 4 108
Volleyball, 2 boys play all the three games.
VIII 6 : 7 104
91. Total how many boys play Volleyball?
VII 8 : 7 105
(1) 17 (2) 16 (3) 21 (4) 23(5) None of these
92. How many boys play either Football or (1) 15 :14 (2) 8 : 7 (3) 9:7
Hockey or both ? (4) 16:15 (5) None of these
(1) 48 (2) 42 (3) 27 (4) 31 (5) None of these 99. Total population of these five states in 2002
93. How many boys play Hockey but not Football? is how much more/less than the population
(1) 31 (2) 20 (3) 25 (4) 33 (5) None of these in 2001?
94. What is the total number of boys in the group Population (in lakhs) of 5 states
who do not play Volleyball ?
in 2001 and 2002
(1) 20 (2) 39 (3) 35 (4) 43 (5) None of these
95. How many boys play only one game ? 2001 2002
(1) 35 (2) 48 (3) 32 (4) 47 (5) None of these 100
Directions-(Q. 96 to100) These questions are
75
based on the data provided separately for each
question. 50
96. Approximately what is the percentage rise in 25
total production of the three companies 0
together from 2005 to 2006 ? A B C D E
Production (in lakh tonnes) of 3 States
companies in 2005 and 2006
(1) 12.5 lakhs less (2) 10.5 lakhs less
Year Company
(3) 12.5 lakhs more (4) 10.5 lakhs more
I II III
(5) None of these
2005 169 129 87
100. Which institute has the highest percentage
2006 185 132 110
of candidates qualified over appeared ?
(1) 18 (2) 22 (3) 8 (4) 15 (5) 12
Number of candidates Appeared and
97. During which year was the percentage Qualified from five Institutes
increase in income from the previous
Appeared Qualified
year the highest?
A 1500 875
Inco me o f a co mpany o ver the year
B 800 520
300
250 C 1200 750
200 D 1600 900
150
100
E 1100 650
50
0
(1) A (2) B (3) C
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (4) D (5) E
Years
ANSWERS
10. (3) No. of women = 40250 -26887 = 13363
Male Female Total Chil- Male- Female- Reqd. difference
dren Children Children = 26887 - 13363 = 13524
A 250 350 600 150 60 90 11. (1) No. of employees working in legal deptt.
B 400 150 550 220 165 55 = 48 + 54 + 36 + 30 + 53 = 221 and no. of
C 300 275 575 92 23 69 employees working in H.R.
D 280 300 580 145 116 29 = 1050 + 1015 + 976 + 888 + 1004 = 4933
E 180 250 430 172 86 86
221 100
F 325 300 625 150 69 81 Reqd. % = = 4 (App.)
4933
Total 1735 1625 3360 929 519 410
12. (2) Average number of people working in marketing
1. (5) Reqd. ratio = 1625 : 410 = 325 : 82 deptt. = 1382 + 1384 + 1275 + 1300 + 1290
2. (3) 5
3. (4) Reqd. ratio = 1326.2
= (190 + 235) : (94 + 256) Average number of people working in production
= 425 : 350 = 17 : 14 deptt. = 1542 + 1545 + 1550 + 1570 + 1580
4. (2) Reqd. number = 3360 5
5. (3) Reqd. difference = 1557.4
= 165 - 69 = 96
Reqd. difference = 1557.4 -1326.2 = 231
6. (5) Reqd. ratio = 55 : 45 = 11 : 9 (App.)
7. (1) Reqd. average 13. (5) No. of employees working in organisation A
40250 12 20 18 20 32 45
= = 1050 +1017+1382 + 1542 + 786 + 48 = 5825
6 100 100 100 100 100 100
No. of employees working in organization E
8 60 14 40 16 15
= 1004 + 963 +1290 + 1580 + 735 + 53 = 5625
100 100 100 100 100 100
Reqd. ratio = 5825 : 5625 = 233 : 225
40250
=
6 10000
240 360 1440 480 560 240 14. (3) Total no. of employees from all the departments
= 5825 + 5703 + 5424 + 5613 + 5625 = 28190
40250 3320 960 100
= = 2227 15. (4) Reqd. % = = 17(app.)
60000 5703
8. (4) Reqd. number 16. (2) No. of commuters commuting by train
12 80 18 80 32 55 = 17171 + 26983 + 9812 = 53966
= 40250 +
100 100 100 100 100 100 and no. of total commuters commuting by train 122650.
8 40 14 60 16 85
53966 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 Reqd. % = = 44%
122650
40250
=
10000
960 1440 1760 320 840 1360 17. (3) No. of commuter commuting by autos
40250 = 4906 + 9812 + 12265 = 26983
= 6680 26887
10000 26983 100
9. (2) No. of people working in night shifts = 40250 Reqd. % = 122650
= 22%
No. of women working in gaming
20 18 ( 7359 7359 ) 100
40250 18. (1) Reqd. % = = 12
100 100 122650
20 18 40250 100 19. (1)
Reqd.% = = 3.6
100 100 40250
22077 100 . 100
15
20. (4) Reqd.% = = 18% 34. (2) Reqd. % = 60
122650 2.5
21. (4) Average 35. (5) Reqd. difference
(3.5 + 4 + 5 + 3 + 6.5) × 1,000,0000
5 3.5 2.5 4 3.75 2.25 3.25 15
. 3.5 35
. 2
= ~
= 44,000,000 5 5
. 5 0.5
55 = (3.2 - 2.75) lakhs = 0.45 lakhs = 45000
22. (C) Reqd. ratio = = =1:4
5 3 2 36. (1) Reqd. difference
23. (1) Reqd. ratio = 4.5 : 7 = 9 : 14 2000 3000 2500 3000 2250 3250 1750 3500
~
( 6 .5 3.0 ) 100 4 4
24. (5) % increase = = 2625 ~ 2687.5 = 63 (App.)
3. 0
37. (4) Reqd. %
3.5 100
= = 117 (App.) ( 2000 3500 2250) 100
3 =
3000 2750 3250
25. (1) Reqd. diff.
= (4.5 + 5 + 5.5 + 5 + 7) - (3.5 + 4 + 5 + 3 + 6.5) 775000
= = 86.11
1
= Rs. (27-22) crore = Rs. 50000000 9000
26. (1) Reqd. average number 1750 100
38. (1) Reqd. % =
= 528 + 612 + 648 + 636 + 672 + 756 2500 3000
6
175000
3852 = = 32 (App.)
5500
= = 642 dozen
6
39. (2) Reqd. average number
= 7704 2000 + 3500 + 2250 + 3000 + 2750 + 3250 +
660 100 2500 + 3000 + 1750 + 3000 + 2750 + 3500
27. (2) Reqd. % = = 18 (App.) 4
3576
28. (5) Reqd. ratio = 732 : 708 = 61 : 59 33250
= = 8313 (Apps.)
4
420 360 396
29. (3) Reqd. ratio = 40.(3) Reqd. ratio
528 492 444
= (3500 + 2750) : (3000 + 2750)
1176 = 6250 : 5750 = 25 : 23
= = 49 : 61
1464 41.(4) Reqd. ratio
30. (4) Reqd. difference
(25 35)
= (564 + 492 + 576 + 612 + 576 + 540) ~ (648 17500 100
100
+ 708 + 684 + 672 + 660 + 672) (15 45) = 7 : 10
25000 100
= 3360 ~ 4044 = 684 dozen = 8208 100
31. (5) Total no. of computers sold by all companies 42. (5) Reqd. difference
together = (3.25 + 1-5 + 3-5 + 3.5 + 2) Lakhs ( 40 25) 17500 ( 40 15) (55 15)
= 25000 + 100
= 1375000 100 100
32. (3) Reqd. ratio
(28 24) 23000 ( 41 29)
= (4 + 3.75) : (3.5 + 3.5) = 7.75 : 7.00 = 31 : 28 35300 32400
100 100
2.25 100 = 2625 + 6250+ 14120 + 920 + 3888 = 27803
33. (4) Reqd. % = = 56.25 = 56 (App.)
4
43. (1) Reqd. average No. of people preferring vegetables = 9000.
3300
Required %= 100 = 36.66 = 37(approx).
35 45 30 48 9000
100 17500 100 25000 100 35300 100
49. 3; No. of people preferring fish = 30,000 × 5%
30 1 = 1500
23000 32400
100 5
50. 1; No. of people preferring meat = 30,000 × 6%
= 6125 + 11250 + 10590 + 11040 + 9720 = 1800
5
No. of people preferring salad
48725 = 30,000 × 15 % = 4500
= = 9745
5
1800
Required ratio = = 2: 5
44. (4) No. of students in Science of A 4500
40 17500 51. 4; Total production of two commodities together
= =7000
100 in 1998 = 175 + 175 = 350.
No. of student in Science of B Total production of two commodities together
40 25000 in 1999 = 150 + 200 = 350.
= =10000
100 52. 1; Total production of ‘X’ for all the seven years
No. of students in Scince of C together
55 35300 = 125 +175 +150 +175+225 + 200+250 = 1300
= =19415
100 Total production of ‘Y’ for all the seven years
No. of students in Scince of together
24 23000
D= =5520 = 150+175 + 200+150 + 250+225+200 = 1350
100
1300 26
No. of students in Scince of E Required ratio = 26:27
1350 27
41 32400
= =13284 53. 1; In 1998, % increase in production of commod-
100
45. (2) Reqd. % (175 125) 50 100
ity X = 100 = 40%
28 100 125 125
23000
= 100 48 which is maximum.
23000
100 54. 3; Avg production (in lakh tonnes) of commodity
= 58 (App.) 1350
‘Y’ = 192.85 = 195 (Approx.)
46. 5; No. of people preferring vegetables 7
= 30,000 × 30% = 9000 55.2; Total production of the two commodities
No. of people preferring sprouts together for years 1997, 1998 & 1999 = 125 +
150 + 350 + 350 = 975
= 30,000 × 13% = 3900
Total production of the two commodities to-
Required total no. = 9000 + 3900 = 12,900
gether for years 2001, 2002 and 2003
47. 3; Difference between the total no. of people pre- = 225 + 250 + 200 + 225 + 250 + 200
ferring meat, to the total no. of people prefer- = 450 + 500 + 400 = 1350
ring fish = 30,000 × (6% - 5%) = 300 975
Required ratio = = 13: 18
48. 4; No. of people preferring fruits 1350
= 30,000 × 11% = 3300. 56. 2; Total marks obtained by all the students in
Science
100 No. of students enrolled in drama classes
× (100 + 96 + 112 + 88 + 92 + 108) = 13% of 3600 = 468
120
Required total number = 396 + 468 = 864
100 68. 5; No. of students enrolled in painting classes
× 596 = 82.77 = 82.78 (approx.)
120 = 15% of 3600 = 5400.
57. 5; Total marks obtained by D in all subjects 69. 5; No. of students enrolled in singing classes
62 4 67 4 88 10 108 2 48 5 34 5 = 18% of 3600 = 648
3 3 12 3 4 3 No. of students enrolled in painting classes = 540
= 82.66 + 89.11 + 73.30 + 72 + 60 + 56.66 540 100
Required % = = 83.33 = 83(approx)
433.73 648
= 72.28%
6 70. 1; Total no. of students enrolled in singing +
58. 2; Avg. marks obtained by all students in English dancing classes = 648 + 756 = 1404
No.of students enrolled in drama classes= 468
100
(50 46 52 48 60 53) Required ratio = 1404 : 468 = 3 : 1
= 80 71. 5; Total no. of men working in accounts depart-
6
ment of (A + B + C + D + E) organization
386.25 = 1742 + 666 + 1290 + 1584 + 1406 = 6688
= = 64.375 = 64.38 (approx.)
6
3
59. 1; Total marks obtained in all subjects by Required average = 1337
5
F =54 + 64 + 108 + 116 + 53 + 40 = 435
72. 3; Total no. of men employed in the production
total marks obtained in all subjects by G
department of all organisations together =
= 66 + 55 + 92 + 140 + 60 + 32 = 445
2158 + 1645 + 2730 + 1896 + 1653 = 10082
435 73. 2; Number of men working in the marketing de-
Required ratio = = 87 : 89
445 partment in Organisation B
733 = 1750 × 72% = 1260.
60. 3; Avg. marks in Maths = = 122 (approx.)
6 1128 100
74. 5; Required %= = 78.60%
61. 3 62. 2 1435
63. 5; Required ratio = 106 : 86 = 53 : 43 = 79% (approx)
64. 5; Average no. of students in standard 1 75. 1; Total no. of women in (HR + IT) department of
277 company C = 1 140 + 570 = 1710.
= = 46.16 = 46 (approx). 76. 1; Profit made by company A in the year 2002
6
= 5 lakhs
55 100
65. 4; Required% = 137.5% Total profit made by all the three companies
40
in the year 2002 = 16 lakhs
5
66. 2; No. of students enrolled in cooking classes Required % = × 100 = 3 1.25
16
= 3600 × 22% = 792
77. 4 78. 3 79. 2
No. of students enrolled in dancing classes
= 3600 × 21% = 756 80. 5; Income = Rs 26,11,430
81. (3) 82. (4) 83. (5) 84. (4) 85. (2) 86. (1)
792 100
Required % = = 104.76% 87. (3) 88. (2) 89. (4) 90. (5) 91. (3) 92. (5)
756
67. 4; No. of students enrolled in stitching classes 93. (3) 94. (2) 95. (4) 96. (5) 97. (3) 98. (1)
= 11% of 3600 = 396 99. (3) 100. (2)
Bank Probationery Officer
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
MISCELLANIOUS - 1
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM IV. Add the remaining weights to obtain the
This system has a base 2, using only 0 decimal equivalent.
and 1. The electric switch has an analogy with Example (1) : Conversion of binary
binary system. It is either close. i.e. ON repre- number 1012 to its decimal equivalent.
senting 1 or it is OFF representing 0. It is this
Step I 1 0 1
analogy which is responsible for the construc-
tion of powerful digital computers. Step II 4 2 1
Conversion of Decimal Number to Binary Step III 4 / 1
Numbers Step IV 4 + 1=5
A popular method to convert decimal i.e. 510 is decimal equivalent of binary
numbers to binary numbers is to progressively number 1012
divide the decimal number is to progressively
Example (2) : Conversion of binary
divide the decimal number by 2 ; writing down
number 101012 to its decimal equivalent.
the remainders when taken in the reverse order
will form the binary number. Step I : 1 0 1 0 1
Example : method to convert decimal Step II : 16 8 4 2 1
numbers to binary numbers by 2 ; writing down Step III : 16 / 4 / 1
the remainders when taken in the reverse order,
will form the binary number. Step IV : 16 + 4 + 1 = 21
11 + 2 = 5 with the remainder 1 Binary Addition
5 + 2 = 2 with a remainder 1 Rule 0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
2 + 2 = 1 with a remainder 0
1 + 2 = 0 with a remainder 1 1 + 0 = 1
Now we place the remainder in the re- 1 + 1 = 10
verse order which give 10112 binary number Example
equivalent to the decimal number 1110 1) Add 10102 and 1012
Conversion of Binary Number to Decimal 1010 +
Number
101
Following four steps can be used to con-
vert a Binary Number to Decimal Number. 11112
I. Write the binary number. (2) Add 101102 and 1012
II. Just under the binary write 1, 2, 4, 8, 10110 +
16...... starting from right to left. 101
III. If a Zero appears in a digit position cross 110112
out the decimal weight for that position.
PRACTICE TEST
Directions (Qs. 1-10) : In a certain code, the symbol for 0 (zero) is * and for 1 is •. There are
no other symbols for other numbers and all numbers greater than 1 are written using these two
symbols only : The value of symbol 1 doubles itself every time it shifts one place to the left. Thus
0 is written as *
1 is written as •
2 is written as • *
3 is written as ••
4 is written as • ** and so on.
1. If •**• is added to • *•, what will be the result ?
(1) ••*• (2) •*•* (3) •••* (4) •*** (5) None of these
2. Which of the following will represent 25% of 36 ?
(1) •**• (2) •*** (3) •*•* (4) •*•• (5) None of these
3. If is •••• divided by •*•*, find the result,
(1) ** (2) •• (3) *• (4) ••• (5) None of these
4. Which of the following will represent 19 ?
(1) •**• (2) •*•*• (3) •**•• (4) •**• (5) None of these
5. Which of the following will represent the value of the expression 4 × 9 + 3 ?
(1) ••* (2) •*• (3) **•• (4) •** (5) None of these
6. + - = ?
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) None of these
7. ?
(1) **• (2) •**• (3) •** (4) ••* (5) None of these
8. Find the value of the expression, ••• + 10 + •*• × 4
(1) ••• (2) •**• (3) •••* (4) •*•* (5) None of these
9. Which of the following represent 625 ?
(1) ••**• (2) ••*** (3) •**•• (4) •••*• (5) None of these
10. Find the value of the expression.
(1) •***• (2) •**** (3) •**•• (4) •**•• (5) None of these
Direction (Qs . 11-20) : As by the above rule, here
0 is written as @
1 is written as #
2 is written as # @
3 is written as # # and so on. Then answer the following questions.
11. Which of the following is an odd number ?
(1) #@@ (2) #@9@ (3)#@#@ (4) #@@## (5) None of these
12. # @ # @ @ + # @ @ @ @ - # # @ @ = ?
(1) # # @ @ (2) # # @ # @ (3) # # @@@ (4) # @ # @@ (5) None of these
13. What percent of # # # # is # # ?
(1) 15 (2) 20 (3) 10 (4) 16 (5) None of these
#@@@ ¼
14. Find the value of [# @ ]
(1) # # @ (2) # @ # (3) @@@ (4) ### (5) None of these
15. Which of the following is an even number ?
(1) # @ @ # (2) # @ # # (3) # # # # (4) # @ # (5) None of these
16. What is the representation of # # @ # ?
(1) 10 (2) 14 (3) 13 (4) 9 (5) None of these
17. What is the ratio # # # and # # # @ ?
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 3 : 7 (4) 7 : 3 (5) None of these
1
18. Find the value of 32 10 6
8
(1) @ (2) # (3) @ @ (4) # @ (5) None of these
19. Find the value of 796 # # @@
(1) # # @ @ @ (2) # # # @ @ (3) # # @ # @ (4) # # # # @ (5) None of these
20. if divide # @@@@@ by # # @, what will be the approximate result ?
(1) # # @ (2) # # # (3) # @@ (4) # @ # (5) None of these
Direction (Qs . 21 - 25) : by the above questions, here
0 is written as $
1 is written as
2 is written as $
3 is written as and so on
3 64
$
21. Find the value of
3 $$$
(1) (2) $ (3) (4) $$ (5) None of these
22. If K 3 48 , find K.
(1) $ (2) $$ (3) $ (4) (5) None of these
23. What is represent for 22 ?
(1) $ (2) $$ $ (3) $ $ (4) $ (5) None of these
24. Find the value of 13 × 24 ÷ 6 - 10 + 7
(1) (2) $$ (3) ( ) $ (4) ( $ ) $ (5) None of these
25. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one does not
belong to that group ?
(1) $$$ (2) $$ (3) $ (4) (5) $
Directions (Qs. 26-35) : - The answering the questions below, use the following information.
A "B means 'add B to A' A 'B means 'subtracte B from A'
A @ B means 'divide A by B' A*B means 'multiply A into B'
26. The average age df 30 boys in a class in equal to 14 years. When the age of class teacher is
included the average becomes 15 years. To find the age of class teacher, which of following is
suitable.
(1) 15' (30 @ 1) (2) (30 * 14)" (31×15)
(3) 15 "(30 * 1) (4) (30 * 14)' (31 * 14) (5) None of these
27. A shopkeeper maifcs the price at 15% more than the original price. Due to increase indemand
he further increased the price by B%. How much % profit will he get ?
(1) 15' B" (15 * B)* 100 (2) 15' B" (15 @ B) 100
(3) 15" B" (15 * B)@ 100 (4) 15" B" @ (15 * B)@ 100 (5) None of these
28. Find the compound intrest on Rs.P at R % compounded annually for N years.
(1) P * ( 1 @ R " 100)N * P (2) P * ( 1 @ R @ 100)N * P
(3) P * ( 1 ' R @ 100)N * "P (4) P @ ( 1" R* 100)N " P (5) None of these
29. Express the following equation into the above give rule : 8 ÷ 4 (3 - 2) × 5 + 6 - 9
(1) 8 @ 4 (3 " 2) * 5 " 6 " 9 (2) 8 @ 4 (3 ' 2) * 5 ' 6 " 9
(3) 8 * 4 (3 " 2) * 5 " 6 ' 9 (4) 8 @ 4 (3 * 2) * 5 " 6 " 9 (5) None of these
30. One-fifth of one - fourth of one - ninth of a number R is given by
(1) (1 @ 5)* (1 @ 4)*(1 @ 9) @ R (2) (1 @ 5)* (1 @ 4)*(1 @ 9)* R
(3) (1 @ 5)* (1 @ 4) @ (1 @ 9) * R (4) Can't be determined (5) None of these
4 4
31. The LCM of (a³ + b³) and (a - b ) is
(1) (a³ " b³) (a² ' b²) (a ' b) (2) (a " b) (a² "ab " b²) (a³ " b³)
(3) (a³ " b³) (a " b) (a² ' b²) (4) (a " b³) (a² " b²) (a ' b) (5) None of these
1 x 1 2a 1
32. If a , find the value a 1 2
2x a 1
(1) (1" x) (2x) @ 2x'1 (2) (1" x) (x1'2) @ 1'2x
(3) (1" x) (2' x) @ 2x'1 (4) (1" x) (x'2) @ 2x'1 (5) None of these
33. A man walks at the rate of 5km/hour for 6 hours and at the rate of 4km/hour for 12 hours. The
average speed of the man (in/hour) is
(1) (5 * 6" 4* 12) @ (6' 12) (2) (5*6'4*12) @ (12 "6)
(3) (5* 6"4* 12 ) @ (6 "12) (4) (5 4" 6* 12) @ (12 "6) (5) None of these
1 1 1 1
34. The value of 1 x 1 1 x 2 1 x 3 1 x 4 is
(1) 1"1 @ (x"1) (2) (x"5) @ (x"1) (3) 1 @ (x"5) (4) (x"1) @ (x"5) (5) None of these
P2
35. How will the formula be written in the coded formula ?
100
(1) (P @ P)* 100 (2) (P'P)*100 (3) (P*P) @ 100 (4) (P"P)@100 (5) None of these
Directions (Qs.36-45) : To answer the following questions use the information below :
M *N means 'add N to M'
M # N means 'subtract N from M'
M'N means 'multiply M into N'
M N means 'divided M by N'
36. 10% of 20% of 30% of Q can be written as
(1) Q' (10 100)' (20 100)' (30 100) (2) Q(10 100) (20 100) (30 100)
(3) Q' (10 100)' (20 100) (30 100) (4) Q' (10 100)' (20 100) (30 100)
(5) None of these
37. Anil buys a toy at 20% discount. He sells it at a profit of 5% on his cost price. What price does
he sell it at if the labelled price of the article be L ?
(1) L # (80 100) # (105 100) (2) L'(80 100)' (105 100)
(3) L (80'100) (105' 100) (4) L* (80'100) * (105'100)
(5) None of these
38. One fifth of one-sixth of one -tenth of D is give by
(1) D # (1 5) (1 6) (1 10) (2) D'(1 5)' (1 6)' (1 10)
(3) D' (1# 5) ' (1 6)' (1 10) (4) D' (1 5)' (1 6)' (1 10) (5) None of these
39. Find the average runs scored by Sachin if he scored12, 20 and 75 in three successive innings.
(1) 12* 20 * 75) # 3 (2) (12 * 20 ' 75) 3
(3) (12* 20 * 75) ' 3 (4) 12 # 20 # 75) 3
(5) None of these
40. How will 103% of 92 + 81 % of 103 be written in the coded formula ?
(1) (103 100) 92* (81 100) 103 (2) (103 100) 92* (100 81) 103
(3) (100 103) 92* (81 100) 103 (4) (103 100)* 92* (81 100)103
(5) None of these
41. The area of a circle is 27.4 sqm. Find the circumstance (in m).
(1) 2N * 27.4 (2) 2 27.4
(3) 2 ' ' 27.4 (4) 2 ' ' 27.4 # (5) None of these
42. A can do a piece of work in 9 days and B in 7 days. How many days will both take to finish the
work ?
(1) 1 (1 9 # 1 7) (2) 1 (8 * 5)
(3) 1 (1 9*1 7) (4) 1 (1 11 # 1 8)
(5) None of these
43. If you add 20 to 70, you get A. If you add to 40 to 80 and subtract 32, you get B. How will you
write A ÷ B ?
(1) (20 *70 ) (80* 40* 32) (2) (20*70) (80* 4 # 32)
(3) (20 * 70) (40* 80 # 82) (4) (20 70) # (40* 80 # 32)
(5) None of these
44. What sum of money (in Rs.) will yield Rs. 350 as interest at the rate of 5% in 3 years ?
(1) 100* 100 80 3 (2) (200 100)(8 3)
(3) (200*100) (8' 3) (4) (200'100) B (8'3)
(5) None of these
45. Mohan bought a bag with 8% discount on the original price. He got a profit of Rs. 25 by selling it
at a price of 112% of that which he bought it. If the original price is x, how will you write the
equation ?
(1) (x # (8 x) * 100) (12* 100) = 25 (2) (x # (8x) 100) (12 100) =25
(3) (x # (8 x) 100) (12 100) = 25 (4) (x* (8 x) 100) (12 # 100) = 25
(5) None of these
Direction (Qs . 46 -50) : For the following questions the symbols used are , , , with the
following meanings.
A B means A × B
A B means A - B
A B means A + B
A B means A ÷ B
46. The perimeter of a circle is 100m, find the area of the circle.
(1) 50 50 (2) 50 50
(3) 50 50 (4) 50 50
(5) None of these
47. The perimeter of a rectangle cardboard is A cm. The difference between the lengths of the side is
Mcm. Then the length (in cm) of the cardboard is
(1) (AM) 2 (2) (A M 2)2
(3) (A 2M ) 2 (4) (A 2M ) 2
(5) None of these
48. In a class the average height of a group of 12 persons is 165 cm. If Vimal leaves the group, the
average height reduces to 164cm. Then find the height of Vimal (in cm)
(1) 165 12 11 164 (2) 165 12 11 164
(3) 164 1112 165 (4) 165 12 11 164
(5) None of these
49. The sum of the two numbers is 24. Their difference is 10. Then their product may be expressed
as
(1) (24 24 10 10) 4 (2) (24 2410 10) 4
(3) (24 24 10 10) 4 (4) Can't say (5) None of these
50. A man purchases a horse of Rs. M and sells it to B at a profit of x % who in turn sells the horse
at a loss of y%. Find the price at which the horse was last sold.
(1) M[(1 100)(1 y 100)] (2) M[(1 100)(1y 100)]
(3) M[(1 100)(1y100)] (4) M[(1 100)(1y 100)] (5) None of these
ANSWERS
1. (3) 1001 + 101 = 1110 = •••*
2. (1) 25% of 36 = 9
In the binary form, 9 is written as 1001 = •**•
3. (2) •••• = 15 and • *• = 5 result is a 3 = 11two ••
4. (3)
5. (5) 4 × 9 ÷3 = 4 × 3 = 12 =11002 = ••**
1 3 2 4
6. (2)
3 5 3 15
7. (4) 9 4 6
8. (1)
9. (1)
35 16 21 16 16 14
10. (2)
14
=
14
= 16 = 100002 = •****
11. (4) # @ @ # # = 19
12. (3) The result is 24
13. (2)
1
8
14. (5) [(# @)# @ @ @]¼= 4 = 22 = 4 = 1002 = # @ @
2
15. (5)
16. (3)
17. (1)
1
18. (1) ×32 - 10 + 6 = 4 - 10 + 6 = 0
8
19. (2) 796 - 12 = 784 = 28 = 111002
20. (4) 32 + 6 = 5 = 1012
21. (5) 2-2=0=$
22. (2) 48 = 4 3
23. (3) 22 = (10110)2
24. (3) 72
25. (5) $ = 2 which is a prime no. All others are composite numbers.
26. (5) 27. (3) 28. (2) 29. (5) 30. (2) 31. (3) 32. (3) 33. (1)
34. (2) 35. (3) 36. (1) 37. (2) 38. (4) 39. (5) 40. (1) 41. (3)
42. (3) 43. (2) 44. (5) 45. (2) 46. (2) 47. (5) 48. (1) 49. (2)
50. (4)
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