Practice Sheet 08-Solution EEE2031S July 2015

DC Motor

EMF, Speed, Flux, Torque, Power, Losses

1. A DC motor takes an armature current of 110A at 480V. This resistance of the

armature circuit is 0.2 ohm. The machine has 6 poles and armature is lap-connected
with 864 conductors. The flux per pole is 0.05 Wb. Calculate (a) the speed, (b) the
gross torque developed by the armature.

Solution:

Ia = 110 A; V = 480 V; Ra = 0.2 ohm; Z = 864; p = 3; c = 6 (no. of poles)

 = 0.05 Wb

(a) E = V – IaRa = 480 – (110 x 0.2) = 458 V

Z Nrp
E2 x x
c 60

Putting the values for E, Z, c, p and , we get

864 ( Nrx3)
458  2 x x x0.05
6 60

Therefore Nr = 636.1 rpm = 636 rpm

(b) Armature Torque T = E.Ia/(2Nr/60) = (458 x 110)/(2 x 636/60) = 756.4 N-m

2. The torque required for a DC motor to drive a load at 900 rpm is 2 kN-m. The core,
friction and windage losses in the machine are 8 kW. Calculate the power generated
in the armature winding.

Solution:

Note: Load torque is the torque required to drive the mechanical load. This is denoted
by TL and measured in N-m. The power output corresponding to TL is known as shaft
power and denoted by Pshaft. Pshaft and TL are related as

Pshaft = 2.(Nr/60).TL

Armature power developed (Pa) = E.Ia

Pa and armature torque developed (T) are related as

Pa = 2.(Nr/60).T

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 Also,

Pa = Pshaft + Friction and windage losses

The problem is solved as follows:

Load torque TL = 2 kN-m = 2000 N-m;

Friction and windage losses = 8 kW = 8000 W; Nr = 900 rpm

Power developed by the armature (Pa)

= Pshaft + (friction and windage losses)

Pshaft = 2.(Nr/60).TL = 2 x (900/60) x 2000 = 188495.6 Watts

Therefore, Pa = Pshaft + friction and windage losses

= 188495.6 + 8000 = 196495.6 W = 196.5 kW

3. A DC series motor runs at 600 rpm when taking 110A from a 230V supply. The
resistance of the armature circuit is 0.12 ohm and that of the series field winding is
0.03 ohm. The useful flux per pole for 110A is 0.024 Wb and that for 50A is 0.0155
Wb. Calculate the speed when current has fallen to 50A.

Solution:

V = 230 V; Ia1 = 110A; 1 = 0.024 Wb; Nr1 = 600 rpm;

Ia2 = 50A;

Ra = 0.12 ohm; Rsf = 0.03

Let Nr2 be the motor speed at armature current Ia2.

E.m.f. generated at Ia1 = 110A is

E1 = V – Ia1.(Ra + Rsf) = 230 – [110 x (0.12 + 0.03)] = 213.5 V

E.m.f. generated at Ia2 = 50A is

E2 = V – Ia2.(Ra + Rsf) = 230 – [50 x (0.12 + 0.03)] = 222.5 V

From the relation E  kNr

We can write,

E2 N r 2  2

E1 N r11

Putting all the values,

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 222.5 N r 2 x0.0155

213.5 600 x0.024

Therefore, Nr2 = 968.2 rpm  969 rpm

4. A DC shunt machine, connected to 250V supply has an armature resistance 0.12 ohm
and the resistance of the field circuit is 100 ohm. Find the ratio of the speed of the
machine when run as a generator to the speed when run as a motor. The supply
current is 80A for the motor and load current is also 80A for the generator. Useful
flux per pole remains the same for both the cases.

Solution:

V = 250 V; Ra = 0.12 ohm; Rf = 100 ohm

Let I = current drawn from supply (for a motor), Ia = armature current; If = field
current and IL = load current (for a generator)

For a DC shunt machine (irrespective of the fact whether it is run as a generator or a

motor),

field current If = V/Rf = 250/100 = 2.5 A

When the machine runs as shunt motor,

I = Ia + If

Therefore, Ia = I – If = 80 – 2.5 = 77.5A

Therefore, back e.m.f. Eb = V – IaRa = 250 – (77.5 x 0.12) = 240.7 V

When the machine runs as shunt generator, V is the terminal voltage at load terminals.

Ia = IL + If = 80 + 2.5 = 82.5 A

Therefore, generated e.m.f. Eg = V + IaRa = 250 + (82.5 x 0.12) = 259.9 V

If flux remains constant, E  Nr

Eg Nr  generator 259.9
Thus,    1.0797 - Ans
Eb Nr  motor 240.7

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 5. A 4-pole, 250V, wave-connected shunt motor gives an output power of 10kW when
running at 1000 rpm and drawing armature and field currents of 60A and 1A
respectively. It has 560 conductors. Its armature resistance is 0.2 ohm. Assuming a
drop of 1V per brush, calculate: (a) armature torque, (b) load torque, (c) useful flux
per pole, (d) rotational losses and (e) efficiency.

Solution:

V = 250V; Pshaft = 10 kW = 10000 W; Nr = 1000 rpm; Ia = 60A; If = 1A;

Z = 560; p = 2; c = 2 (for wave-connection); Ra = 0.2 ohm

(a) E = V – IaRa – (voltage drop per brush x 2) = 250 – (60 x 0.2) – 1 x 2 = 236V

[Note : As there are two brushes the total voltage drop at the brushes = 1 x 2 = 2V]

Pa = E.Ia = 236 x 60 = 14160 Watts

Armature Torque T = Pa/[2.(Nr/60)] = 14160/[2.(1000/60)] = 135.22 N-m

(b) Load torque TL = Pshaft/[2.(Nr/60)] = 10000/[2.(1000/60)] = 95.49 N-m

Z Nrp
(c) E  2 x x
c 60

Putting the values for E, Z, c, p and Nr, we get

560 (1000 x2)

236  2 x x x
2 60

  = 0.0126 Wb

(d) Rotational losses mean friction and windage loss. Therefore,

Friction and windage loss = Pa – Pshaft = 14160 – 10000 = 4160 Watts

(e) Total power input to the motor Pin = V.I = V.(Ia+If)

= 250 x (60 + 1) = 15250 Watts

Motor efficiency = (Pshaft/Pin) x 100% = (10000/15250) x 100 = 65.57%

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 6. A 220V DC series motor is running at a speed of 800 rpm and draws 100A at full
load. Calculate at what speed the motor will run when developing half the full-load
torque. Total resistance of the armature and field is 0.1 ohm.

Solution:

V = 220 V; Nr1 = 800 rpm; Ia1 = 100A;

total resistance of armature and field circuit = Ras = 0.1 ohm.

Let T1 be the full load torque and let T2 be the half full load torque. Let Ia2 be the
armature current for torque T2.

Therefore, T2/T1 = 0.5

For a series motor, T  Ia2.

T2 I a22
Therefore, 
T1 I a21

Putting the values of (T2/T1) and Ia1, we get, Ia2 = 70.71 A

E1 (back e.m.f. for Ia1) = V – Ia1.Ras = 220 – 100 x 0.1 = 210 V

and,

E2 (back e.m.f. for Ia2) = V – Ia2.Ras = 220 – 70.71 x 0.1 = 212.93 V

For series motor, E = k.Nr.Ia (since   Ia)

E2 N r 2 .I a 2
Therefore, 
E1 N r1.I a1

Putting the values of E2, E1, Nr1, Ia1 and Ia2, we get,

212.93 N r 2 x70.71

210 800 x100

Therefore, Nr2 = 1147.2 = 1148 rpm

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 7. A 250V DC shunt motor having an armature resistance of 0.25 ohm carries an
armature current of 50A and runs at 750 rpm. If the flux is reduced by 10%, find the
new speed. Assume that load torque remains the same.

Solution:

If load torque remains unchanged, it implies that armature current Ia also remains
unchanged even if there is any reduction in flux. Hence, back e.m.f. E also remains
unchanged.

Given, V = 250V; Ra = 0.25 ohm; Ia = 50A; Nr1 = 750 rpm, initial flux = 1

When flux is reduced by 10%, new flux 2 = 0.91 (90% of 1)

If E remains unchanged, then from the relation

E  kNr

We can write,

N r2  2

N r1  1

N r2
or,  0.9  Nr2 = 675 rpm
750

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