Math 11/L

ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1
MODULE 4: Differentiation of Transcendental
Functions

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development-256ca15d15b5

Prepared by:
ENGR. JOBEL HYLES CABAHUG, CE
Faculty, CE Department
College of Engineering, Architecture &
Technology
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

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MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 1
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

CONTENTS:
OVERVIEW L1: Differentiation of Logarithmic
Functions
L2: Differentiation of Exponential
Functions
COURSE DESCRIPTION: L3: Differentiation of Trigonometric
Functions
An introductory course covering the core concepts of L4: Differentiation of Inverse
limit, continuity and differentiability of functions involving one Trigonometric Functions
or more variables. This also includes the application of L5: Differentiation of Hyperbolic
differential calculations in solving problems optimization, Functions
rate of change, related rates, tangents and normal, and L6: Differentiation of Inverse
Hyperbolic Functions
approximations; partial differentiation and transcendental
curve tracing.

COURSE OUTCOME:
At the end of this course, you must be able to solve the derivative of transcendental functions
using the appropriate formula.

TIME FRAME:
This module can be covered in one week.

INTRODUCTION
Good day future engineers! Welcome to Engineering Course.
This module will concentrate on function derivatives. As you continue to do so in this module,
you can learn about the various ways in which a function can be extracted. You can also see
mathematics differently by understanding the basic definition of derivatives. Just like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division derivative is another concept in the field of mathematics. Let’s
start now!

Fun Fact:
Newton and Leibniz are rivals in developing calculus but somehow come up with
the same concepts and idea applied in modern calculus that is being adapted in modern
times.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 2
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Lesson Differentiation of Logarithmic

1 Functions

In this lesson we will learn how to evaluate the derivative of an logarithmic functions using the
basic rules of differentiation.

LESSON PROPER
The inverse of the exponential function is the logarithm, defined by the statement that,
𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 if 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 , 𝑎>1
The following facts concerning the functions 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 follow at once from the definition:
a) Negative numbers have no (real) logarithms.
b) Numbers between 0 and 1 have negative logarithms.
c) Numbers greater than 1 have positive logarithms.
d) As 𝑥 → 0+ ,𝑦 → 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦.
e) The logarithm of 1 is 0.
f) As 𝑥 → 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑦 → 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑦.
Fundamental Properties of Logarithms
1) log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦
𝑥
2) log 𝑎 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦

3) log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑛 = nlog 𝑎 𝑥
4) log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥
5) 𝑎log𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥

Derivative of the logarithm

𝑑 𝑑𝑢⁄
𝑑𝑥
a) 𝑑𝑥 log 𝑎 𝑢 = (log 𝑎 𝑒)
𝑢

𝑑 𝑑𝑢⁄
𝑑𝑥
b) 𝑑𝑥 ln 𝑢 = 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 𝑀
𝑑𝑥
c) 𝑑𝑥 log10 𝑢 = 𝑢

Note: M is use to denote 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑒

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 3
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

EXAMPLE 4.1.1

Differentiate 𝑦 = ln √1 + 3𝑥
SOLUTION:
Let us write y in the form
1
𝑦 = ln(1 + 3𝑥)2
1
𝑦 = 2 ln(1 + 3𝑥)

Then derive by using formula b;

1 3
y ′ = 2 (1+3x)
𝟑
𝐲 ′ = 𝟐+𝟔𝐱

EXAMPLE 4.1.2
𝑧 3 (𝑧 2 −1)2
Differentiate 𝑥 = ln (𝑧 2 +1)2

SOLUTION:
Let us write x in the form
𝑥 = 3 ln 𝑧 + 2 ln(𝑧 2 − 1) − 2 ln(𝑧 2 + 1)
Then derive
dx 3 4z 4z
= z + z2 −1 − z2 +1
dz

dx 3(z4 −1)+4z2 (z2 +1)−4z2 (z2 −1)

=
dz z(z4 −1)

𝐝𝐱 𝟑𝐳 𝟒 +𝟖𝐳 𝟐 −𝟑
=
𝐝𝐳 𝐳(𝐳 𝟒 −𝟏)

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 4
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

4.1 Practice Problem

Derive the following functions:

1. 𝑤 = ln √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

2. 𝛼 = log10 (1 − 4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽)

1+𝑡 2
3. 𝑥 = ln 1−𝑡 2

4. 𝑤 = ln(𝑏 2 − 𝑥 2 )5/2

Check your answer in the answer key. Please answer it all first before checking, this is important for
self-assessment.
If you got 4 items correct, very well, you already understand the concept.
If you got 2 – 3 items correct, good, you understand most of the concepts, you only need to practice
for a few times.
If you got 0 – 1, it is okay, do not worry. Compare your answer to the answer given, then try to answer
the questions again before you proceed to the next lesson.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 5
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Lesson Differentiation of Exponential

2 Functions

In this lesson we will learn how to evaluate the derivative of an exponential functions function
using the basic rules of differentiation.

LESSON PROPER
Derivative of Exponential Functions
If
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥
ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑎
Differentiating by the rule for implicit functions, we find
1 𝑑𝑦
( ) = ln 𝑎
𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦 ln 𝑎 = 𝑎2 ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑎2 = 𝑎2 ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥

If 𝑢 is the function of 𝑥, this formula becomes

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
a) 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑢 = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 (𝑑𝑥 )

For the case 𝑎 = 𝑒, we have the important special case

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
b) 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )

Example 4.2.1
3
Differentiate 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 ,
SOLUTION:
Derive by using the formula b;
3
y ′ = e2x (2(3)x 3−1 )
𝟑
𝐲 ′ = 𝟔𝐱 𝟐 𝐞𝟐𝐱

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 6
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Example 4.2.2
Differentiate 𝑦 = sin2 𝑒 3𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑦 ′ = 2 sin 𝑒 3𝑥 cos 𝑒 3𝑥 (𝑒 3𝑥 )(3)
𝒚′ = 𝟑𝒆𝟑𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒆𝟑𝒙
Example 4.2.3
Differentiate 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥
SOLUTION:
ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝑦′
= 1 + ln 𝑥
𝑦
𝑦 ′ = 𝑦(1 + ln 𝑥)
Substitute the value of 𝑦,
𝒚′ = 𝒙𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝐥𝐧 𝒙)

4.2 Practice Problem

Derive the following equations:

1. 𝑦 = 𝑒 −3𝑥
1
2. 𝑦 = (5 − 2𝑒 −3𝑥 )2
1
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑒 −𝑥
4. 𝑥 = 𝑒 − cos 2𝑡

Check your answer in the answer key. Please answer it all first before checking, this is important for
self-assessment.
If you got 4 items correct, very well, you already understand the concept.
If you got 2 – 3 items correct, good, you understand most of the concepts, you only need to practice
for a few times.
If you got 0 – 1, it is okay, do not worry. Compare your answer to the answer given, then try to answer
the questions again before you proceed to the next lesson.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 7
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Lesson Differentiation of

3 Trigonometric Functions

In this lesson you will learn to evaluate the derivative of trigonometric functions.

LESSON PROPER
The trigonometric functions are one-valued and continuous for all values of the argument 𝑥, except
1
that the tangent and secant become infinite when 𝑥 = ±(𝑛 + 2)𝜋, the cotangent and cosecant become
infinite when 𝑥 = ±𝑛𝜋, where 𝑛 is zero or a positive integer. The sine and cosine, and their reciprocals
the cosecant and secant, are periodic with period 2𝑥;the tangent and the cotangent are periodic with
period π.
Derivative of trigonometric functions formulas:
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
a) 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑢 = cos 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
b) 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑢 = − sin 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
c) 𝑑𝑥 tan 𝑢 = sec 2 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
d) 𝑑𝑥 cot 𝑢 = − csc 2 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
e) 𝑑𝑥 sec 𝑢 = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
f) 𝑑𝑥 csc 𝑢 = −csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )

EXAMPLE 4.3.1
Find the derivatives of the function 𝑦 = sin 4𝑥 2
SOLUTION:
𝑦 = sin 4𝑥 2
𝑦′ = cos 4𝑥 2 (8𝑥)
𝒚′ = 𝟖𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝒙𝟐
EXAMPLE 4.3.2
1
Find the derivatives of the function 𝑦 = tan 2 𝑦

SOLUTION:
1
𝑦 = tan 𝑥
2
1 1
𝑦′ = sec 2 𝑥( )
2 2
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚′ = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐

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ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

EXAMPLE 4.3.3
Find the derivatives of the function 𝑟 = (2 + 3 cot 4𝛳)5
SOLUTION:
𝑟 = (2 + 3 cot 4𝛳)5
𝑑𝑟
= 5(2 + 3 cot 4𝛳)5−1 (−(3)(4) csc 2 4𝛳)
𝑑𝛳
𝒅𝒓
= −𝟔𝟎 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟐 𝟒𝜭 (𝟐 + 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟒𝜭)𝟒
𝒅𝜭

4.3 Practice Problem

Find the derivatives of the following:

1. 𝑥 = cos 4𝑡
2. 𝑤 = tan 2𝛳
3. 𝑦 = cos4 𝑡 − sin4 𝑡
4. 𝑦 = sec 2 𝛳 − tan2 𝛳

Check your answer in the answer key. Please answer it all first before checking, this is important for
self-assessment.
If you got 4 items correct, very good, you already understand the concept.
If you got 2 – 3 items correct, good, you understand most of the concepts, you only need to practice
for a few times.
Congratulation!
If you got 0 –You have
1, it is okay,finished the lesson
do not worry. 3.your
Compare Take a breather
answer beforegiven,
to the answer you proceed
then try to to the
answer
the questions again before you proceed to the next lesson.
lesson 4.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 9
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Lesson Differentiation of Inverse

4 Trigonometric Functions

In this lesson you will learn how to evaluate the derivative of an inverse trigonometric functions.

LESSON PROPER
To differentiate the function
𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥
Let us pass to the form
sin 𝑦 = 𝑥
Equation yields
𝑑𝑦
cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦 1
= cos 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
1 1
Since sin 𝑦 = 𝑥, and − 2 𝜋 ≤ 𝑦 ≥ 2 𝜋, it follows that

cos 𝑦 = √1 − sin2 𝑦 = √1 − 𝑥 2
So that
𝑑 1
sin−1 𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

Therefore, if 𝑢 is any function of 𝑥, the general formulas for the inverse trigonometric functions are;
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
a) 𝑑𝑥 sin−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥
b) cos 𝑢 = − √1−𝑢2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥
c) 𝑑𝑥 tan 𝑢= 1+𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −
d) 𝑑𝑥 cot −1 𝑢 = 1+𝑢
𝑑𝑥
2

𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥
e) 𝑑𝑥 sec 𝑢=
𝑢√𝑢2 −1
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −
−1 𝑑𝑥
f) 𝑑𝑥 csc 𝑢=
𝑢√𝑢2 −1

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 10
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

EXAMPLE 4.4.1
1 1
Differentiate 𝜃 = tan−1 3 𝑡 or 𝐴𝑟𝑐 tan 3 𝑡

SOLUTION:

Derive by using formula c,

du
d
tan−1 u = dx
dx 1+u2

1
dθ 3
= 1
dt 1+( t)2
3

𝐝𝛉 𝟑
= 𝟗+𝐭 𝟐
𝐝𝐭

EXAMPLE 4.4.2

Differentiate 𝑦 = sin−1(2 cos 𝜃)

SOLUTION:

To derive use formula a,

du
d
sin−1 u = dx
√1−u2
dx

𝐝𝐲 −𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉
=
𝐝𝛉 √𝟏−𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝛉

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 11
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4.4 Practice Problem

Find the derivative of the following equations

1. 𝑦 = sin−1 4𝑥

2. 𝜃 = tan−1 3𝜔

3. 𝜃 = cos −1 3𝜔

1
4. 𝑦 = sin−1 √1 + 𝑥

Check your answer in the answer key. Please answer it all first before checking, this is important for
self-assessment.
If you got 4 - items correct, very well, you already understand the concept.
If you got 2 – 3 items correct, good, you understand most of the concepts, you only need to practice
for a few times.
If you got 0 – 1, it is okay, do not worry. Compare your answer to the answer given, then try to answer
the questions again before you proceed to the next lesson.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 12
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Lesson Differentiation of Hyperbolic

5 Functions

In this lesson you will learn how to evaluate the derivatives of a Hyperbolic functions.

LESSON PROPER
The Hyperbolic Sine and Cosine

Two particular combinations of exponents functions appear with such frequency in both pure
and applied mathematics that it has been worthwhile to use special symbols for those combinations.
The hyperbolic sine of 𝑥, written sinh 𝑥, is defined by
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
sinh 𝑥 = 2

The hyperbolic cosine of 𝑥, written cosh 𝑥, is defined by

𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
cosh 𝑥 = 2

Other Hyperbolic Functions

sinh 𝑥 1
tanh 𝑥 = cosh 𝑥 , sech 𝑥 = cosh 𝑥
1 1
csch 𝑥 = sinh 𝑥 , coth 𝑥 = tanh 𝑥

Derivative of Hyperbolic Functions Formulas:

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
a) 𝑑𝑥 sinh 𝑢= cosh 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
b) 𝑑𝑥 cosh 𝑢 = sinh 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
c) 𝑑𝑥 tanh 𝑢 = sech2 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
d) 𝑑𝑥 coth 𝑢 = − csch2 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
e) 𝑑𝑥 sech 𝑢 = −sech 𝑢 tanh 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
f) 𝑑𝑥 csch 𝑢 = −csch 𝑢 coth 𝑢 (𝑑𝑥 )

EXAMPLE 4.5.1

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Find the derivatives of the function 𝑦 = sin 4𝑥 2

SOLUTION:
𝑦 = sinh 4𝑥 2
𝑦′ = cosh 4𝑥 2 (8𝑥)
𝒚′ = 𝟖𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝟒𝒙𝟐
EXAMPLE 4.5.2
1
Find the derivatives of the function 𝑦 = tanh 2 𝑦

SOLUTION:
1
𝑦 = tanh 𝑥
2
1 1
𝑦′ = sech2 𝑥( )
2 2
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚′ = 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡𝟐 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐

EXAMPLE 4.5.3
Find the derivatives of the function 𝑟 = (2 + 3 coth 4𝛳)5
SOLUTION:
𝑟 = (2 + 3 coth 4𝛳)5
𝑑𝑟
= 5(2 + 3 coth 4𝛳)5−1 (−(3)(4) csch2 4𝛳)
𝑑𝛳
𝒅𝒓
= −𝟔𝟎 𝐜𝐬𝐜𝐡𝟐 𝟒𝜭 (𝟐 + 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝟒𝜭)𝟒
𝒅𝜭

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4.5 Practice Problem

Find the derivatives of the following hyperbolic functions.

1. 𝑦 = sinh 4𝑥

2. 𝑦 = cosh(2𝑥 − 1)

3. 𝑦 = tan−1 sinh 𝑥

4. 𝑦 = sin−1 tanh 𝑥

Check your answer in the answer key. Please answer it all first before checking, this is important for self-
assessment.

If you got 4 items correct, very well, you already understand the concept.

If you got 2 – 3 items correct, good, you understand most of the concepts, you only need to practice for a
few times.

If you got 0 – 1, it is okay, do not worry. Compare your answer to the answer given, then try to answer the
questions again before you proceed to the next lesson.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 15
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Lesson Differentiation of Inverse

6 Hyperbolic Functions

In this lesson you will learn how to evaluate the derivatives of an inverse hyperbolic functions.

LESSON PROPER
The inverse hyperbolic sine, also called antihyperbolic sine, is defined and denoted as follows:

𝑦 = sinh−1 𝑥 if 𝑥 = sinh 𝑦
Similarly, for the other inverse functions.
Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions Formula:
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥
a) 𝑑𝑥 sinh 𝑢= √1+𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥
b) 𝑑𝑥 cosh 𝑢=− √𝑢2 −1
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
c) 𝑑𝑥 tanh−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
d) 𝑑𝑥 coth−1 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥
e) 𝑑𝑥 sech 𝑢= −
𝑢√1−𝑢2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑥
f) 𝑑𝑥 csch 𝑢= − ,𝑢 > 0; 𝑑𝑥 csch 𝑢= ,𝑢 < 0.
𝑢√𝑢2 +1 𝑢√𝑢2 +1

EXAMPLE 4.6.1

Differentiate 𝑦 = sin−1(2 cos 𝜃)

SOLUTION:

Use formula a;
du
d −1 dx
sinh u= √1+u2
dx

𝒅𝒚 −𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
=
𝒅𝜽 √𝟏+𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽

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4.6 Practice Problem

Answer the following:

1. Show that tanh−1(−𝑥) = − tanh−1 𝑥.

2. Show that sinh−1(−𝑥) = − sinh−1 𝑥.

3. Show that csch−1 (−𝑥) = − csch−1 𝑥.

Check your answer in the answer key. Please answer it all first before checking, this is important for self-
assessment.

If you got 3 items correct, very well, you already understand the concept.

If you got 2 items correct, good, you understand most of the concepts, you only need to practice for a few
times.

If you got 0 – 1, it is okay, do not worry. Compare your answer to the answer given, then try to answer the
questions again before you proceed to the next lesson.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 17
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Assessment
This part is a graded assessment, I will assess if you have learned the whole module. Use pen
to write your answer. Write your answer in a long bond paper together with front page (must include
course code and the title, title of the lesson, title of activity, name of student and your block, date of
submission, name of your professor). Take note that all pages must have 0.5 inches’ border
including the front page. Copy the questions then answer. Once you’re done answering, send it to me
via Google Classroom in a PDF file. Please avoid erasure. Good Luck
Problem Set No. 4:
Derive the following functions.

1−𝑡 2
1. 𝑥 = 4 ln √1+𝑡 2

4𝑡−1
2. 𝑦 = log10 4𝑡+1

3. 𝑟 = log10 cos2 4𝜃

1+sin 𝑥
4. 𝑦 = ln √1−sin 𝑥

5. 𝑦 = (1 − 𝑒 2𝑥 )3
1 2
6. 𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 , find y’’
7. 𝑦 = sin3 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥
8. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑒
9. 𝑦 = cot 3 4𝑥

10. 𝑦 = √1 + sin 𝑥
11. 𝑟 = (3𝜃 + 1) cos 3𝜃
1
12. 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥

13. 𝑦 = cot −1(2𝑥 + 5)2

sin 2𝑥
14. 𝑦 = 1+cos 2𝑥

15. 𝑝 = √1 − sin−1 𝑣
1
16. 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥

17. 𝑦 = tanh(1 − 3𝑥)

18. 𝑥 = sinh2 (1 − 𝑡)
19. Show that tanh−1 (−𝑥) = − tanh−1 𝑥.

20. Show that sinh−1 (−𝑥) = − sinh−1 𝑥.

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 18
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

Answer Key
Answers for 4.1 Practice Problem:
−𝑥
1. 𝑎2 −𝑥 2

−4𝑀 sec2 𝛽
2. 1−4 tan 𝛽

4𝑡
3. 1−𝑡 4
−5𝑥
4. 𝑏2 −𝑥2

Answer for 4.2 Practice Problem:

1. −3𝑒 −3𝑥

2. (5 − 2𝑒 −3𝑥 )(3𝑒 −3𝑥 )

1
3. 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 )

4. 2 sin 2𝑡 (𝑒 − cos 2𝑡 )

Answer for 4.3 Practice Problem:

1. −4 sin 4𝑡

2. 2 sec 2 2𝜃

3. −2 sin 2𝑡

4. 0
Answer for 4.4 Practice Problem:
4
1. √1−16x2
3
2. √1+9𝜔2
3
3. √1−9𝜔2
1
4. − 1 1
2𝑥 2 (√− )(√1+ )
𝑥 𝑥

Answer for 4.5 Practice Problem:

1. 4 cosh 4𝑥

2. 2 sinh(2𝑥 − 1)

3. sech 𝑥

4. sech 𝑥

Answer for 4.6 Practice Problem:

1. –
2. –

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 19
ENGINEERING CALCULUS 1 [DATE]

3. –

References

1. Louis Leithold , The calculus 7 7th edition

2. Clyde E. Love and Earl D. Rainville, Differential and integral calculus 6th edition
3. Dit Gallesania, Engineering mathematics volume 2, Third Edition

MODULE 1 FUNCTIONS 20