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MIS E-Business Basics

M. Rafi ul Huda

MAJU

MIS: MJ1510

Farhan Mehboob

27/11/2021
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MIS E-Business Basics

[1] EAI Concept Overview

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) refers to the middleware that allow quick solution to businesses
to be able to combine/integrate software and applications across each other. The middleware is a
framework which is technologically designed in such a way that it is able to create a path way between
two applications or software that enables the flow of data, one might say that middleware makes
applications/software speak with each other.

EAI has been constantly evolving, at a single time, it can be used to integrate multiple applications with
causing any turbulence in the results. EAI software allow you to extract data, manipulate it according to
your need, structure it and have it allocated to the source you want. The manipulation of the data is
referred to as events or triggers. These allow you to communicate to the middleware:

 When to extract the data

 How to extract the data
 Which data you need and which you don’t
 Where do you want the data

EAI can be categorized into four categories:

 Data Level Integration: Data integration is a process where data from many sources goes to the
same centralized location, which can be a warehouse or other type of facility. The end goal will
depend on how you want this information used and what kinds of processing capabilities an
organization needs for analytical purposes. Prime example of data level integration is how
Google Analytics gets integrated with a website to be able to trigger events such as: website
visits and along with this the source from which the website is being visited, what device they
are using, what their IP address is, where are they located. All of these attributes are available
due to the data level integration that has been done.
 Application Integration: This refers to the integration between two applications. A bridge is
created between two apps that allows them to communicate with each other and pass along
data using a middleware. For example, an organization can retrieve data from their Gmail
account to Google Sheets using a middleware called Zapier. In Zapier, you can indicate
specifically what type of emails you want retrieved, by whom is it sent by, when should the
emails should be retrieved from Gmail. After this, you can even select how the data is appears
and is arranged in Google Sheets by going through another set of easy settings.
 Method Level Integration: Method level integration is a less popular superset of application-
level integration. It aggregates common operations on multiple applications into one front end
that also handles the integrated systems' functionality for them all, typically by executing
commands from remote sources stored in networked servers that are outside an organization's
firewall environment.
 User Interface Integration: UI integration is the ability for a tool to participate with other tools.
As if they were designed as one application, UI-integrated applications can exchange data and
execute tasks together in real time without any obstruction or interference from either side.
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MIS E-Business Basics

This type of connection happens at run time by specifying which specific tools you want your
app/system integrated into when it starts up - not only are there many different types available
but also new ones being developed all the time.

[2] EAI Benefits

EAI is a huge benefit to organizations as it helps them reduce time and increase the efficiency of the
work that’s being done. HR cannot keep record of its employees, their day-to-day timing etc. without
having an integrated system. Finance won’t be able to process the payroll of the employees without
having fintech integration with the employee database.

Assume you have a database and you recently purchased a CRM, now you want the user data in your
database system to also be on your CRM. Manually adding all the user data might take ages, but EAI
allows you to integrate your database with your CRM so that there is a constant flow of data across
platforms. Most of the systems also use Application Program Integration (API). APIs are often seen as
the backbone of software, allowing two applications (or even entire organizations) to communicate with
each other. An API can be thought of like an email messenger that delivers your request and then
returns its response back into one single message for you; it's important because this allows us all sorts
of opportunities, we wouldn't otherwise have access too.

Implementing integrations is not only cost-saving for companies, but also helps in generating new
services and products. For example: when integrating old software with current business applications
there's no need to delete the former because it will be combined into one system instead. This saves
time on investment since all your data can stay intact without any loss or degradation over time.

Integration technology has also helped in reducing manual work and the human errors that come along
with them. It also gives organizations a competitive edge over one another as the time saved can now
be directed towards a more productive task. Without EAI, organizations won’t work in the efficient
manner that they do and will crumble.

[3] TPS & OLTP Concept Overview

TPS or transaction processing system is a sophisticated form of information that allows businesses to
handle and manage transactions across the globe. It's also known as an advanced revenue management
system because it generates desired outputs in the form of reports, summaries with given inputs such as
cash memos from customers’ orders invoices etc. TPS performs routine operations and serve as a
foundation for other systems.

Online transaction processing (OLTP) is the most common way for businesses to operate, as it allows
them to concentrate on what they do best. With this system of operation, each individual transaction
will be processed immediately without having any delays or backlogs because all records are updated in
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MIS E-Business Basics

real-time with current data investments being made by vendors and counterparties alike which
ultimately benefits both parties involved through faster completion times.

[4] Application of TPS

With a TPS in place, businesses can effectively increase the speed of each transaction to minimize wait
times for customers. Depending on what system they are using and how fast it processes transactions
may vary but some systems will have real time processing where you don't have any long pauses
between promptings while others collect information during set periods which could give rise greater
efficiency because often people just want their order right away. By using this system, you can
potentially conduct thousands of daily business operations in one place which will cut down on costly
upgrades or higher staff levels needed due to increased demand. One of the key features that makes
transaction processing systems so reliable is their ability to quickly and accurately process customer
transactions.

The transaction processing system works on two levels:

 Processing in a batch: Batch processing is a long-established technique that was used widely in
the absence of infotech. The data collected are stored as batches and may be processed
anytime, this way batching can help with large transactions such as invoices for customers who
want their payments made at once rather than spread out over multiple instalments or even
months!
 Processing in real-time: Recent technology innovations have given rise to real-time processing,
which ensures instant data processing with the aim of providing a quick verification. This
versatile interface can work effectively as both an online multi user experience and also be
accessed anywhere there is network coverage.

[5] Application of OLTP

OLTP is, in most cases, the only way to go. It's important for online booking systems and other databases
which are designed with high concurrency rates because they need to make sure that data gets into
their system reliably- otherwise there may be chaos when too many people try accessing it at once.
However, when two users are trying to access the same data in a particular database system, they will
be unable to act on that information until one user has finished processing. In general, there is always an
active transaction which you can see as 'one' person accessing and updating records while another waits
for their turn or permission.

OLTP is widely popular nowadays as it is being commonly used worldwide. The working of an OLTP can
be explained in the following nine steps:

1. The customer picks up an item and pulls out their card

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2. The merchant submits a transaction

3. The payment gateway securely sends the transaction to the processor
4. The processor verifies and approves the transaction
5. The customer’s bank sends money to the processor
6. The processor sends money to the merchant’s bank
7. The processor sends the status of the transaction to the gateway – either approved or denied
8. The merchant receives the message of approval or denial
9. The merchant receives the money for the sold item

In conclusion, OLTP is a type of data processing where large number of users make transactions, i.e.,
updating, insertion or deletion, that deals with a smaller number of records. It always ensures
concurrency, atomicity, availability of data using normalized databases, decentralized systems, and less
historical data.