Scribd
Upload
36 views

Monté International School: Grade 7 Chemistry - Unit 5: Water

Water exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. It has unique physical properties including its boiling point of 100°C, freezing point of 0°C, and ability to dissolve most substances. Most water is found in oceans, but rivers and rain also provide fresh water. Underground water is stored in aquifers and depleted by factors like drought and deforestation. Water is essential for life but can become polluted, so conservation and management efforts are needed.

Uploaded by

jayapal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Monté International School: Grade 7 Chemistry - Unit 5: Water

Water exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. It has unique physical properties including its boiling point of 100°C, freezing point of 0°C, and ability to dissolve most substances. Most water is found in oceans, but rivers and rain also provide fresh water. Underground water is stored in aquifers and depleted by factors like drought and deforestation. Water is essential for life but can become polluted, so conservation and management efforts are needed.

Uploaded by

jayapal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

MONTÉ INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Indus Nagar, NH-44, Kallur (M), Kurnool (Dt)

GRADE 7 CHEMISTRY – UNIT 5: WATER


I. What is water?
 Water, also known as H2O, is a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen (H2) and
oxygen (O2).
 Water exists in three states on the Earth:
i. solid (ice, hail, snow or frost)
ii. liquid (in lakes, oceans, rain, dew, fog or mist)
iii. gas (steam or water vapour - "invisible" water in the air)
II. Distribution of water:
Draw the distribution of water (5.2)

III. Physical Properties of Water:


a. Appearance:
i. Pure water is a colorless, odorless and tasteless liquid in its natural state. 
b. Boiling Point of Water:
i. The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the liquid changes to vapor.
ii. The boiling point of pure water is 100°C. 
c. Freezing Point of Water:
i. The freezing point is the temperature at which the substance changes state from liquid to
solid.
ii. The freezing point of pure water is 0°C or 32°F.
d. Specific Heat Capacity:
i. Specific Heat Capacity is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of one
gram of a substance by 1°C.  
ii. The specific heat of pure water is 1 calorie/gram/ °C = 4.2 joule/gram/°C 
e. Density of Water:
i. The density of water is about 1 gm/cc
ii. It varies with temperature in an unusual pattern.
iii. The density of water in different states – solid and liquid. In solid-state, the density is
0.9gm/cc
f. Conductivity:
i. Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity.
ii. However, the presence of dissolved salts renders normal water a good conductor.

1
g. Solvent property:
i. Water can dissolve most of the substances in it. Hence, it is known as universal solvent.
IV. Surface water: (oceans, seas, rivers, springs,)
a. Oceans and seas:
i. Oceans and seas are the largest sources of water.
ii. Almost 97 per cent of water available on the earth is present in oceans and seas.
iii. This water contains huge amount of dissolved salts and hence called saline water.
iv. The salinity of sea water can be removed by the process of desalination.
The process of removal of dissolved salts from the sea water is known as desalination.

b. Rivers and lakes:


i. Rain water from higher altitudes flows down the hills and forms rivers.
c. Rain water:
i. It is the main source of natural water.
ii. Since it directly comes from the atmosphere, it is the purest form of water.
V. Underground water:

VI. Uses of Water

2
VII.

VIII. Depletion of Water Table

a.
Causes of
Depletion
i. Scanty rainfall or draught conditions
ii. Deforestation
iii. Increasing population
iv. Increasing industrialisation
v. Increased agricultural activities

3
IX. Water Management:
a. The following measures can help in Water management effectively:
1. Prevention of wastage of water by providing water supply through pipes
without leakage.
2. Rain water harvesting installation in the households.
3. Adoption of drip irrigation system in agriculture
4. In regions with scanty rainfall, a substance called cetyl alcohol is
sprayed on the water in reservoirs and ponds to reduce the rate of
evaporation of water.
5. Growing plants and forests.

X.

Hard and Soft Water:

4
a. Disadvantages of Hardness:
6. Not suitable for drinking.
7. Hard water requires a lot of soap before it can form a lather in washing.
8. Hard water causes furring of kettles and boilers.
9. Not effective for dyeing of fabrics due to improper fixing of dye to the fabric.

b. Types of Hardness:

5
1. Hydrated sodium aluminium silicate (Na2Al2Si2O8.xH2O) is
called permutit.
2. The sample of hard water is allowed to pass through a
cylindrical tube filled with permutit.
3. As the water passes through permutit, the calcium and
magnesium ions of hard water are replaced by sodium ions.
4. Sodium ions do not cause any precipitation with soap and do
not hinder the formation of lather.
5. Thus, the water is said to be softened.

6
XI. Water Pollution:

XII.

You might also like