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Fieldwork Exercise No.20

This document provides instructions for determining the area of a field with an irregular or curved boundary using two methods: 1. The trapezoid rule, which divides the field into trapezoids by connecting offset measurement points with straight lines. 2. Simpson's one-third rule, which assumes the curve between three successive points is parabolic. It weights odd and even offset measurements differently. The procedure involves laying a base line across the field, measuring offsets perpendicular from it to the boundary at regular intervals, and using the offset measurements in the appropriate area formula based on the boundary curvature. Accuracy depends on close offset spacing.

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Sarrah Grace Almohallas
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46 views3 pages

Fieldwork Exercise No.20

This document provides instructions for determining the area of a field with an irregular or curved boundary using two methods: 1. The trapezoid rule, which divides the field into trapezoids by connecting offset measurement points with straight lines. 2. Simpson's one-third rule, which assumes the curve between three successive points is parabolic. It weights odd and even offset measurements differently. The procedure involves laying a base line across the field, measuring offsets perpendicular from it to the boundary at regular intervals, and using the offset measurements in the appropriate area formula based on the boundary curvature. Accuracy depends on close offset spacing.

Uploaded by

Sarrah Grace Almohallas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIELDWORK EXERCISE NO.

20

DETERMINING AREA OF A FIELD WITH IRREGULAR/CURVED BOUNDARY

Objective:
a). To learn how to determine the area of a tract of land with an irregular or
curved boundary.

INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES: Steel tape, Pegs or Chaining Pins, and


Range Poles.

A. PROCEDURE:

1. Set two pegs or markers on both ends of the designated base (or
reference) traverse line located near an irregular or curved boundary. Call
these points A and B.

2. Measure its horizontal length twice and record the mean as the actual
length of the line.

3. Divide the reference line into an even number of intervals regularly


spaced not more than 5.0 meters long and use pegs to mark each
division along the line.

4. At each point established, erect a perpendicular to the reference line with


the use of a steel tape, and where the perpendicular intersects the
irregular or curved boundary set another peg on the ground.

5. Measure the horizontal distance from the peg on the reference line to its
corresponding peg established on the boundary line. Call these short
measured distances (offsets) as h1 , h2 , h3 , and etc.

6. Tabulate all measured values accordingly. Refer to the accompanying


sample format for the tabulation of field data.

Length of Base Line:_____________ Interval Between Offsets:_____________


OFFSETS MEASURED LENGTH (m) OFFSETS MEASURED LENGTH (m)
B. COMPUTATIONS:

Calculate the area of the tract using the following:

1. Area by Trapezoid Rule.

When using the trapezoidal rule, it is assumed that the boundary is composed
of chords connecting the ends of the offsets as shown in the figure below

Fig. 4-19. Area by trapezoidal rule.

The area bounded by the irregular boundary, the references line and the end
offsets is determined as follows

Where: A = the total area or summation of the areas of the trapezoids


comprising the total area.
d = common spacing of the offsets
n = number of offsets
h1 = the first offset , and h2 , h3 , and etc. are intermediate offsets
hn = the last offset

2. Area by Simpson`s One-Third Rule.

This rule assumes that the curve through each successive three points is a
portion of a parabola as shown in the figure below.

Fig. 4-20. Area by Simpson`s one-third rule.


The area bounded by the curved boundary, the reference line and the end offsets
is determined as follows

Where : A = the total area of the field with curved boundary


d = common spacing of the offset
n = number of offset
h1 = the first offset, and h2 , h3 , and etc. are intermediate offsets
hn = the last offsets

NOTE: The above formula shows that the sum of all odd numbered offsets is
multiplied twice, and the sum of all even numbered offsets is multiplied four times.

C. REMARKS, HINTS AND PRECAUTIONS:

1. In the trapezoidal rule, the ends of the offsets in the boundary line are
assumed to be connected by straight lines, thereby, forming a series of
trapezoids, the bases being the offsets and the altitudes being the common
distance between offsets.

2. When applying the trapezoidal rule no considerable error is introduced


when the offsets are taken close enough together and when the boundary
consists of flat curves.

3. If the boundaries are found to be curved, Simpson`s one-third rule is


considered better to use than the trapezoidal rule. The rule assumes that the
curve through each successive three points is a portion of a parabola. It also
assumes that the offsets are equally and closely spaced.

4. Results obtain by using Simpson`s one-third rule are greater or smaller than
those obtained by using the trapezoidal rule, depending upon whether the
boundary curve is concave or convex toward the traverse line.

5. Simpson`s one-third rue is applicable only if there is an odd number of


offsets. If the total number of offsets is even, the partial area at either end of
the series of offsets is computed separately in order to make n for the
remaining area an odd number and thus making the rule applicable.

6. Areas computed by the transit rule or Simpson`s one-third rule only yield
approximate values.

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