Detailed Lesson Plan for Grade 10

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of

combinatorics.

B. Performance Standard: The learner is able to use precise counting techniques in

formulating conclusions and making decisions.

C. Learning Competency:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. Identify the different kinds of permutation,
b. Distinguish the different kinds of permutation from one another, and
c. Solve real - life problems involving permutations.

II. CONTENT

A. Topic:
Grade 10 Statistics and Probability
Third Quarter - Permutations

B. Learning Resources:
- Teacherś Guide for Grade - 10 Junior High School/Statistics and Probability

C. Values and Skills Integration

Initiative and Critical Thinking

III. PROCEDURES

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Preliminaries:

¨Hi, Good day! ¨Good day, Sir!

¨For this session, we will have a

continuation of our lesson about
permutation. But before we start with
that, let us pray first. Please also prepare
the following materials which we will be
needing for the lesson;

1. Notebook “Yes, Sir.” (The student will prepare the place

where he/she will study and the materials needed).
2. One whole sheet of paper
3. Pen
4. Calculator(Optional)
A. ACTIVITY

“Alright. Very good. You are now ready

for our lesson. Before we jump into our
discussion, here are the objectives that
you should be able to achieve in this
lesson;
1. Identify the different kinds of
permutation,
2. Distinguish these kinds of
permutation from one another,
and
3. Solve real-life problems involving
permutation.

¨Now let us start our discussion.¨ At the

beginning of our lesson about
permutation, we identified the number of
possible ways we can arrange three
different colored chairs(green, yellow,
and red) in a row. With that, we were able
to know that we can arrange them in 6
possible ways. These arrangements are as
follows;

green chair - yellow chair - red chair

yellow chair - red chair - green chair
red chair - green chair - yellow chair
green chair - red chair - yellow chair
red chair - yellow chair - green chair
yellow chair - green chair - red chair

Now, what if two of the three chairs have

the same color? Say for example there are
two red chairs and one green chair. How
many do you think is the number of
possible ways we can arrange them? Do
you think we will still have the same
number of permutations or not?
 (The student will think and will analyze the
question)
B. ANALYSIS
The teacher will give the following
questions and let the students have their
insights about the activity.

If your answer is ¨Yes¨. Why did you say

so? Is it because we still have three
chairs?

(The students will think and will analyze the

And if your answer is ¨No¨, how come question)
that the number of arrangements will
change?

Now, let us find out if we will still have

the same number of arrangements or not.

Let me show you again the possible

arrangements of our three different
colored chairs. (The teacher will show
again the illustration of the arrangements
of the three chairs) As you can see there
are six possible arrangements for our
three chairs with different colors. Now,
let us illustrate the possible arrangements
for our three chairs, two of which are red
and one is green. We have;

green chair - red chair - red chair

red chair - green chair - red chair
red chair - red chair - green chair

As you can see we only have three

possible arrangements. Therefore, the
number of possible ways of arranging
three chairs that are different in color is
not the same as the number of possible
ways we can arrange the same number of
chairs with two of which are of the same
color. But the question is, Why? Why do
you think they don't have the same
number of arrangements?
Exactly. Because in the second scenario
two chairs are red. Therefore, we can use
either of the two chairs everytime that we
arrange them.

(The students will think and try to analyze the

scenario again) Sir, because we have now two
For example;
chairs with the same color.

Let us have the first arrangement of the

three chairs with different color

green chair - yellow chair - red chair

If we interchange the yellow chair and the

red chair that will be another
arrangement.

green chair - red chair - yellow chair

But in our three chairs with two red and

one green.

green chair - red chair - red chair

If we interchange the red chair and the

other red chair, the arrangement will still
be the same.

green chair - red chair - red chair

That is why the number of its

permutations is lower than the number of
permutations of the three chairs with
different color.

¨Were you able to follow?¨

C. ABSTRACTION

The permutations of the three chairs with

two of which are red and one is green is
an example ¨Distinguishable
permutation¨. Distinguishable “Yes, sir.”
permutation is of one of the kinds of
permutation, the others are permutation
taken r at a time, permutation taken all at
a time and circular permutation. Let us
have them one by one. Let us start with
distinguishable permutation.

What is distinguishable permutation and

how do we solve it?

Distinguishable permutation is a kind of

permutation with identical
elements/objects. When we say
¨Identical¨ it means exactly alike or
n! (The students will just listen)
similar. We use the formula P=
p!q!r !
in solving distinguishable permutation
problems.

Where;
n = total number of
elements/objects
p = objects that are alike,
q = objects that are alike,
r = objects that are alike,

For example; Find the number of

permutations of the letters of the word
CLOCK.

Given:
n=5
c=2
 Solution:

n!
P=
p!q!r !

Since in the problem we only

have two letters that are the same
and that is letter C. Therefore, we
have

n!
P=
c!

5!
P=
2!

5 x 4 x3 x2 x1
P=
2x 1

P=5 x 4 x 3

P=60

Therefore, there are 60

permutations of the letters in the
word CLOCK.

Were you able to follow?

“Alright. Very good.”

Now, let us have the other kind of

permutation which is

Permutation taken r at a time

This refers to the arrangements of n

objects taken r at a time. We use the
formula below in solving this
permutation.

n!
P(n , r )=
(n−r )!
Where;
n = total number of objects
r = number of objects taken at a
time

For example; Suppose we have 6

“Yes, sir.”
different potted plants and we
wish to arrange them in a row by
taking two at a time. In how many
ways can this be done?

Given:
n (number of objects) = 6
r (number of objects taken
at a time = 2

Solution:

n!
P(n , r )=
(n−r )!
6!
P(6,2)=
(6−2)!
6!
P(6,2)=
4!
6 x5 x 4 x3 x 2x1
P(6,2)=
4 x3 x2 x1
P(6,2)=6 x 5

P(6,2)=30

Therefore, there are 30 possible

ways that we can arrange the six
potted plants if we wish to arrange
them in a row taken 2 at a time.
“Did you understand?

“Alright. Very good. Now let us

proceed to the third kind of
permutation.”

Permutation of n objects taken

all at a time

P(n , n)=n!

For example; In how many ways

can Joy, Jai , and Jodge arrange
themselves in a row for picture
taking?

Solution:
P(n , n)=n!
P(3,3)=3 !

n is equal to 3 because there are

three objects/people which we are
taking all at a time.

Therefore, we have
¨Yes sir.¨

P(3,3)=3 !
P(3,3)=3 x 2 x 1

P(3,3)=6
There are 6 possible ways that
Joy, Jai, and Jodge can arrange
themselves for picture taking.

Did you understand?

“Alright. Very good.Ehh sir, I just

have a clarification, since here in
permutation taken all at a time we
are still taking objects, it is just
that we are taking them all at a
time. Is it possible for us to use
the formula for permutation of n
objects taken r at a time?¨

“What do you think?”

Well, the answer for that is “Yes”.

We can use it. Let us try it with
the given example. Now we have
the formula for the first kind of
permutation, that is

n!
P(n , r )=
(n−r )!

Given:
n=3
r = 3 since ae we are taking
them all at a time.

Solution:

n!
P(n , r )=
(n−r )! ¨Yes sir.¨

3!
P(3,3)=
(3−3)!
3!
P(3,3)=
0!

Note: 0!= 1

Therefore,
3!
P(3,3)=
0!
 P(3,3)=3 ! (The students will think and will analyze the
question)
P(3,3)=3 x 2 x 1

P(3,3)=6

As you can see we have the same

answer. But if I were you I would
use the formula P(n,n) = n! since
this is a shortcut already.

¨Do you agree?¨

Very good. Now, let us have the

last kind of permutation. And that
is Circular Permutation

Circular Permutation

This kind of permutation is

commonly used for arranging objects or
people in a circular table or in a circular
manner. We use the formula
P=(n−1)!to find the permutations
under circular permutation.
For example; In how many ways can
3 people be seated around a circular
table?

Given:
n=3

Solution:
p = (n - 1)!
p = (3 - 1)!
p = 2!
p=2x1
p=2

Therefore, there are 2 ways that

three people can be seated in a circular
table.

“Now, let me show you how it looks.”

(The teacher will show the two possible

seating arrangements of the three people.)
“Yes, sir.”

“Alright. Those are the different kinds of

permutations. We have the first one is
Distinguishable permutation, permutation
taken r at a time, permutation taken all at
a time, and circular permutation. I hope
that you understood everything that we
discussed. Did you?
 “Yes, sir.”

D. APPLICATION

Wow! Very good. Now, let me see if you

really understood our lesson. Please get
your notebook, pen, and calculator if you
have and let us have an exercise. What
you will do is you are going to answer the
questions that I will be posting. Is that “Yes, sir.”
clear?”

“Good.”

Now, here are the problems for your

exercise. You have fifteen minutes to
answer these problems. Kindly pause the
video when you are ready to start. Make
sure that you paused it displaying the
problems. You may time yourself during
the exercise. After 15 minutes, please
continue playing this video, Goodluck!

EXERCISE
Instructions: Tell whether the following
problems refer to Permutation taken r at a
time, Permutation taken all at a time,
Distinguishable permutation, or Circular
permutation. Then, solve.

1. In how many ways can you Noted, sir. Thanks! (The students will pause the
arrange 8 students in a video, will start the time and will answer the
photograph? problems. After 15 minutes, the students will play
the video again)
2. How many ways can we arrange
the word CANADA?
3. A company has 10 members in its
board of directors who elect a
president, vice-president,
secretary, and treasurer among
themselves. In how many ways
can this be done?
4. Five people are about to sit at a
round table. If a couple insisted on
sitting next to each other. In how
many ways can the people be
seated?

Okay. Time is up! I hope that you are

able to answer all of the problems. Now
let us discuss the answers one by one. Let
us have number 1. In how many ways can
you arrange 8 students in a photograph?

What kind of permutation is it?

“Very good. That is an example of

Permutation taken all at a time. Now, let
us have the solution.

Given:
n=8

Solution:
P(n,n) = n!
P(8,8) = 8!
“Permutation taken all at a time.”
 P(8,8) = 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
P(8,8) = 40, 320

Therefore, the answer is 40, 320 possible

ways.

Let us proceed with number 2.How many

ways can we arrange the letters of the
word CANADA?

What kind of permutation is it?

Okay, good. That is Distinguishable

permutation. Now let us have the solution
for the problem.

Given:
n=6
a=3

Solution:

n!
P=
p!q!r ! “Distinguishable permutation”
n!
P=
a!
6!
P=
3!
6 x5 x 4 x 3x 2x 1
P=
3 x2 x1
P=6 x 5 x 4
P=120

Therefore, the letters in the word

CANADA can be arranged in 120 ways.

How about number 3? A company has 10

members in its board of directors who are
to elect a president, vice-president,
secretary, and treasurer among
themselves. In how many ways can this
be done?

What kind of permutation is it?

Okay, that is permutation taken r at a

time. Now, let us have the solution for the
problem.

Given:
n = 10
r = 4 since there are 4 positions

Solution:

n!
P=
(n−r )!

10 ! “Permutation taken r at a time”

P=
(10−4)!

10 !
P=
6!

10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
P=
6 x5 x 4 x3 x2 x1

P=10 x 9 x 8 x 7

P=5,040

Therefore, there are 5, 040 ways to select

4 people for the positions.

“Do you have the same answer?”

Alright. Now, let us have number 4. Five
people are about to sit at a round table. If
a couple insisted on sitting next to each
other. In how many ways can the people
be seated?

What kind of permutation is this?

Alright. That is Circular permutation.

Now, let us solve the problem.

Given:
n = 4, supposedly n must be 5 but
since two people insisted to be next to
each other, therefore they should be
counted as one.

Solution: (The students will answer based on whether they

got the correct answer or not)

P = (n - 1)!
P = (4 - 1)!
P = 3!
P=3x2x1
P=6
Based on this there are 6 possible ways
but this is not yet the final answer, why?
Why do you think this is not yet the final “Circular Permutation”
answer?

“Okay. That is because the couple

themselves can still change position.
Having said that, we should also count
the arrangements everytime they change
position , and how many times can they
change position? Of course there are only
two ways they can do that. The first one
is either the boy is at the left side of the
girl or at the left side. So we have 2!.

Hence, we should multiply it to 6. We

have
 P = 6 x 2!
P=6x2x1
P = 12 ways.

Therefore they can be seated in 12

possible ways.

Now, how was the result of your

That is because the couple can still change
exercise? Were you able to get a perfect
position.
score?

If yes, congratulations! If not, don’t

worry you can still rewatch this video and
try to answer this exercise again before
answering the assessment.
 (the students will answer based on their score)

IV. EVALUATION
How will I assess: Paper and Pen

Now that we are done with the discussion and the exercise, you are now ready to take the
assessment. Please prepare your one whole sheet of paper, a pen and your calculator(if possible).
You only have 15 minutes to answer this assessment. Kindly pause this video when you are
ready to answer and please do not forget to time yourself. Good luck!

Instructions: Tell whether the following real - life problems fall under Permutation taken r at a
time, Permutation taken all at a time, Distinguishable permutations, or Circular Permutation.
Then solve the problem.
1. In how many different ways can 10 different-colored horses be
positioned in a carousel?
2. In how many possible ways can Juan answer a 10-item matching type quiz if there are
also 10 choices and he answers by mere guessing?
3. In how many possible ways can you arrange 4 red balls, 3 blue balls and 5 green balls
in a row?
4. In a school club, there are 5 possible choices for the president, secretary, treasurer,
and auditor. Assuming that each of them is qualified for any positions, in how many
ways can 4 officers be elected?
5. If ice cream is served in a cone, in how many ways can Lloyda choose her four-
flavor iced cream scoop if there are 6 available flavors?

(After fifteen minutes)

Okay. Time is up. I hope that you are able to answer all of the questions. Please do not forget
that your answer to the assessment and your other outputs will be submitted on Friday from 8: 00
AM to 4:00 PM in our school. May you still have clarifications/questions about our lesson,
please feel free to message me on my contact number which I will provide before the end of this
video. Is that clear? Alright. Very good. Now let us have your assignment.

V. ASSIGNMENT

Instructions: Write an entry in your journal describing how much you already learned
about permutations and their applications. Include also whatever points in the lesson in which
you still need clarifications.

That’s it for our video lesson for today. See you again for our next lesson. You can now keep the
materials that you used. Thank you so much and stay safe!

VI. REMARKS
 VII. REFLECTION

Prepared by:

RYAN D. ILAO