EC6651 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 2015-16

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

Question Bank
EC6651 – COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNIT – I

ANALOG COMMUNICATION

PART -A
1. Define modulation index of FM. (BT-1)
2. A carrier signal with power of 40 watts is amplitude modulated by a sinusoidal signal. Calculate
the power of the modulated signal if the modulation is 0.7. (BT-3)
3. Describe the need for modulation. (BT-2)
4. Explain about image frequency? How it is rejected? (BT-4)
5. Formulate the relationship between phase and frequency modulation. (BT -6)
6. Label the frequency spectrum of AM wave with a neat sketch. (BT-1)
7. Give the characteristics features of spectrum of AM wave. (BT-2)
8. Differentiate amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. (BT-2)
9. List the disadvantages of single side band transmission. (BT-1)
10. Define quantization error. (BT-1)
11. Summarize the advantage of FM over AM. (BT-2)
12. A transmitter radiates 9 KW with the carrier unmodulated and 10.125 KW when carrier is
sinusoidally modulated. Calculate the modulation index. (BT-3)
13. Point out the advantage and disadvantage of FM. (BT-4)
14. Explain about Energy and power signals. (BT-4)
15. An AM transmitter is modulated by three source of audio with m1=0.5,m2=0.7,m3=0.4.The
unmodulated carrier power is 50 kw. Calculate the modulated power output. (BT-3)
16. Define modulation index of FM. (BT-1)
17. Compare NBFM and WBFM. (BT-5)

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18. One input to a conventional AM modulator is a 500KHz carrier with an amplitude of 20 Vp.The
second input is 10KHz modulating signal that is of sufficient amplitude to cause a change in the
output wave of ± 7.5 Vp. (BT-5)
Evaluate:
(a) Upper and lower side frequency
(b) Modulation efficiency
19. Define modulation coefficient and percent modulation. (BT-1)
20. Generalize the significance of modulation index. (BT-6)

PART – B
1 Name the methods used for the suppression of unwanted side band in AM transmission?
(16)
Discuss the working of any one of them. (BT-1)

2 (i) Compare the features of FM with AM. Also write the merits and demerits of FM. (BT-4) (6)

(ii) Discuss the Armstrong method of FM generation (BT-2) (10)

3 Describe the working of direct and indirect method of generation of FM signal (BT-1) (16)

4 Discuss in detail about the working of a SSB transmitter and receiver. (BT-2) (16)

5 (i) Explain the method of generating a single sideband signal using balance modulators (BT-
4) (8)
(ii) Discuss the principle of AM based radio frequency receiver with block diagram (BT-2) (8)

6 Explain with neat circuit, generation of AM wave. For an AM DSBFC modulator with carrier (16)
frequency fc = 100 KHz and a maximum modulating signal fm = 5 KHz, determine bandwidth
and sketch the output frequency spectrum. (BT-5)

7 Solve the expression for the amplitude modulated wave and its power relation and give (16)
the time and frequency domain representation of AM wave.(BT-3)

8 (i) Develop an expression for a narrow band FM wave.(BT-6) (8)

(ii) Demonstrate with neat diagram about the operation of a super heterodyne (8)
receiver.(BT-3)

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9 List out the relative merits of high level modulation and low level modulation in AM
transmission? The anode dissipation of a class C power amplifier is 944 watts when
modulation depth is 60%, the efficiency of a power amplifiers is 60%, while that the
modulator is 25%.Find.
(i). Carrier power and modulator tube dissipation when modulation depth is 100%
(ii) AF output and rating of the modulation value to affect 100% modulation.
(16)
(iii) Overall efficiency at 60% modulation depth. (BT- 1)

10 (i) Derive the equation for the spectrum of FM signal (BT-6) (8)
(ii) Explain the generation of FM Signal using reactance modulation scheme with neat
diagram. (BT-4) (8)

UNIT – II
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
PART - A

1. Define Bit rate and Band rate of digital modulation . (BT-1)

2. List the four most common methods of pulse modulation. (BT-1)
3. Describe the principle of delta modulation. (BT-2)
4. Discuss about aliasing. (BT-2)
5. Define sampling theorem. (BT-1)
6. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of digital modulation. (BT-5)
7. For a total transmit power Pt of 1000 W, Calculate the energy per bit (Eb) for a transmission
rate of 50 Mbps. (BT-3)
8. Generalize the purpose of clock recovery circuit. (BT-6)
9. Define quantization error. (BT-1)
10. Discuss about the slope overload distortion. (BT-2)
11. For an 8 –PSK system operating with an information bit rate of 24kbps, Calculate baud and
bandwidth efficiency. (BT-3)
12. Analyze, why FSK is preferred over ASK? (BT-4)
13. Point out the four possible values of the phase of the carrier in a QPSK wave. (BT-4)
14. Explain how does the phase of carrier vary for the message m(n)  {1,0,1,1,01...} .
(BT-4)

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15. Compare ASK, FSK and PSK. (BT-5)

16. Define PSK. (BT-1)
17. Relate MPSK and MFSK modulation techniques with respect to their probability of error
and bandwidth. (BT-3)
18. Generalize the primary difference between standard FSK and MSK. (BT-6)
19. List the two primary differences between MSK and QPSK. (BT-1)
20. Interpret the performance of FSK and PSK based on the power and the bandwidth
efficiency. (BT-2)

PART – B

1. A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4
KHz a maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±2.55 V, and a minimum
dynamic range of 46dB. Calculate the following:
(i) Minimum sample rate (4)
(ii) Minimum number of bits used in the PCM code (4)
(iii) Resolution (4)
(iv) Quantization error (BT-3) (4)

2 (i) Discuss on the process ”Companding” and its characteristics.(BT-2) (6)

(ii) How does Flat top sampling differ from natural sampling? Illustrate and obtain
the filtered output?(BT-5) (10)

3 Explain QPSK with a block diagram and spectrum and discuss the phasor diagram for
sinusoids. Also Develop the expression for its bit error Probability. (BT-5, 6) (16)

4 Describe in detail about the operation of a ASK and BSK with neat diagram.(BT -1) (16)

5 (i) Describe the working of a Delta modulation system. (BT-1) (8)

(ii) What is meant by quantization and develop an expression for quantization
noise in PCM and DM systems (BT-6) (8)

6 (i) Discuss the generation method of PWM. Explain how you will convert PWM to
PPM with diagram (BT-2) (6)
(ii) Describe the working of pulse code modulation system with its block diagram
(BT-1) (10)

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7 (i) Explain Frequency shift keying method with equations.(BT-4) (8)

(ii) Discuss the method of modulation and demodulation in MSK with equations (8)
and block diagrams (BT-2)

8 Discuss DPCM technique with neat block diagram. For minimum line speed with an
8 bit PCM for speech signal ranging upto 1 volt. Calculate the resolution and
quantization error. Calculate the coding efficiency for a resolution of 0.01 volt with
the 8 bit PCM. (BT-2,3) (16)

9 List the advantages of data communication and explain GMSK and QAM techniques
with neat diagram. (BT-1) (16)

10 With a neat block diagram, explain BPSK transmitter. Also analyze the bandwidth (3+
considerations of BPSK. (BT-4) 13)

UNIT- III
SOURCE CODES, LINE CODES & ERROR CONTROL (Qualitative)

PART -A

1. List the types of characters used in data communication codes. (BT-1)

2. Describe the error control schemes used in Modems. (BT-1)
3. Discuss about the two general categories of error control. (BT-2)
4. Differentiate error detection from error correction. (BT-2)
5. Give the significance of AMI code. (BT-2)
6. Discuss about the Redundancy in Error control. (BT-2)
7. An analog signal is band limited to B Hz, sampled at the Nyquist rate, and the samples
are quantized into 4 levels. The quantization levels Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4 are assumed to be
independent and occur with probabilities p  p  1 and p  p  3 .calculate the
1 4 8 2 3 8
information rate of the source. (BT-3)
8. List the error controls schemes used in Modems. ( BT-1)
9. For a 12 bit data string of 1011 0010 0010,Calculate the number of hamming bits
required. (BT-3)
10. Analyze about the working rule of AMI code. (BT-4)
11. Explain vertical redundancy checking. (BT-4)
12. List the different error control methods. (BT-1)

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13. Classify the types of characters used in data communication codes. (BT-4)
14. Describe the significance of source coding. (BT-1)
15. Compare block and convolution codes. (BT-5)
16. Evaluate the Hamming distance between the following code words C1={1,0,0,0,1,1,1}
and C2={0,0,0,1,0,1,1} (BT-5)
1 1 1 1 1
17. A source transmits messages Q1 to Q5 having probabilities , , , , respectively.
2 4 8 16 16
Estimate the average information of the source. (BT-6)
18. An event has six possible outcomes with probabilities {1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/32}.
Calculate the entropy of the system. (BT-3)
19. Discuss why the Huffman code called as minimum redundancy coding. (BT-6)
20. List the properties of Hamming distance. (BT-1)

PART – B
1 For the given 8 bit stream 11010100, plot the NRZ, RZ, AMI, HDBP and Differential
Manchester codes. (BT-2) (16)

2 Describe about the viterbi algorithm by showing the possible path through the trellis
of a coder. Assume the state diagram of any coder.(BT-1) (16)

3 (i) Discuss the Bandwidth-SNR trade off of a communication system.(BT-2) (4)

(ii) Apply the following coding technique and obtain the output wave form for the
bit stream 10011100 on NRZ, RZ, AMI, HDBP, ABQ and MBnB. (BT-3) (12)

4 (i) Design a convolutional coder of constraint length 6 and rate efficiency ½.(BT-6) (4)

(ii) State and prove Shannon noiseless coding theorem. (BT-1) (12)

5 (i) Given states S={S0,S1,S2,S3,S4} and their probabilities P={0.4,0.2,0.2,0.1,0.1}.

Find coding efficiency and entropy for Huffman coding.(BT-6) (8)
(ii) Give the procedure for Shannon Fano coding and use the procedure to obtain the
code for the source symbols S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 with their respective
probabilities ½, 1/3, 1/12, 1/15, 1/120, 1/120. (BT-6) (8)

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6 Discuss the concept of coding and decoding methods of block codes with its
mathematical framework and diagram.(BT-2) (16)

7 (i) Explain Bandwidth-SNR trade off in source coding (BT-4) (8)

(ii) Explain various types of Leni coding techniques. (BT-4) (8)

8 (i) Describe the concept of noiseless coding theorem and state its significance.
(BT-1) (8)
(ii) Describe in detail about error control codes and their applications. (BT-1) (8)

9 Evaluate the Block check sequence (BCS) for the following data and cyclic
redundancy check(CRC) generating polynomials: data G(x) = x7+ x5+ x4+ x2+ x1+ x0,
CRC P(x) = x5+ x4+ x1+ x0. Also Explain the Concept of block codes and coding
efficiency.(BT-5) (16)

10 (i) Explain in detail about various error control codes with one example for
convolution code. (BT-4) (12)
(ii) Show the plots for the polar, unipolar, bipolar and Manchester NRZ line code
format for an information {1 0 11 0 0}. (BT-3) (4)

UN IT – IV
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES
PART-A

1. List any four primary applications of FDM. (BT-1)

2. Explain about CDMA. (BT-4)
3. Define Guard band. (BT-1)
4. List out the merits of TDMA system. (BT-1)
5. Generalize the significance of CDMA techniques. (BT-6)
6. Give out the merits of FDMA system. (BT-2)
7. Describe near –far problem. (BT-2)
8. Illustrate the popular coding sequences of CDMA system. (BT-3)
9. Define multiple access. (BT-1)
10. Demonstrate the working principle of SDMA. (BT-3)

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11. Describe the role of modem in communication networks. (BT-1)

12. Illustrate the frame structure of a T1 carrier system. (BT-3)
13. Compare SDMA with CDMA. (BT-4)
14. Explain about the working principle of TDMA. (BT-4)
15. Describe briefly about FDMA. (BT-2)
16. Summarize the significance of T1 carrier system in communication networks with an
illustration. (BT-5)
17. Compare time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing. (BT-5)
18. Generalize the advantages of SDMA technique. (BT-6)
19. Describe about T carrier. (BT-1)
20. Give the advantage of CDMA system. (BT-2)

PART – B
1 500 users employ FDMA to transmit 1000-bit packets of data. The channel band width
is 100MHz and QPSK is used at each of the 5000 carrier frequencies employed
(i) What is the maximum bandwidth allocated to each user? (5)
(ii) What is the bit rate employed by each user? (6)
(iii) How long does it take to transmit a packet? (BT-6) (6)

2 Describe briefly about the operation of a typical TDMA system with the time pattern.
(BT-1) (16)

3 Explain the principle of FDMA with diagram. (BT-4) (16)

4 Describe CDMA technique in detail. (BT-1) (16)

5 Discuss TDMA technique in detail and compare it with FDMA. (BT-1) (16)

6 Compare various multiple access techniques used in wireless communication with

their merits and demerits. (BT-5) (16)

7 Explain with a neat block diagram the SDMA technique (BT-4) (16)

8 Illustrate how interference is avoided by using code division multiplexing. (BT-3) (16)

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9 Describe briefly about wired and wireless communication systems. (BT-2) (16)

10 Discuss the BSC and BEC with their channel diagram and transition matrix (BT-2) (16)

UNIT- V
SATELLITE, OPTICAL FIBER – POWER LINE, SCADA
PART – A

1. List the channels and their data rate used in optical fiber systems. (BT-1)
2. Name the types of optical fiber mode structure. (BT-1)
3. For an earth station transmitter with an antenna output power of 40 dBW (10,000 W),
a back off loss of 3 dB, a total branching and feeder loss of 3 dB and a transmit antenna
gain of 40 dB, evaluate the EIRP. (BT-6)
4. Define numerical aperture. (BT-1)
5. Explain about SCADA. (BT-4)
6. Describe the essential components of a satellite system. (BT-1)
7. Summarize about near-far problem. (BT-2)
8. Explain the advantages of optical communication. (BT-2)
9. Describe about the types of optical fiber available. (BT-2)
10. Illustrate the primary advantages of optical fiber systems. (BT-3)
11. Examine whether single mode propagation is impossible with graded index fiber. (BT-3)
12. Define Apogee, perige and geocenter. (BT-1)
13. Explain Snell’s law. (BT-4)
14. Classify the satellite orbital patterns. (BT-4)
15. Evaluate the carrier to noise density ratio for a receiver with -7dBW input carrier power,
an equivalent noise temperature of 180 degree K and a bandwidth of 20MHz. (BT-6)
16. List the merits and demerits of geosynchronous satellite. (BT-1)
17. Explain the communication satellites along with their band of frequency allocation.
(BT-5)
18. Describe the aperture actuators used in satellite. (BT-2)

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19. Mention the uplink and downlink frequency range for satellite communication. (BT-3)
20. Give the advantages of fiber optic system . (BT-2)

PART – B
1 Describe briefly and compare the three types of optical fiber configurations.(BT-1) (16)

2 Discuss in detail about the frequency reuse concept of cellular network. Support your
answer with the required diagram. (BT-2) (16)
3 Discuss broadly on the multiple access techniques used in satellite communication.
(BT-2) (16)
4 Describe the following.
(i) Optical detectors and their types.
(ii) Satellite types.
(iii) Digital filters used in satellite systems.
(iv) Optical link (BT-1) (16)
5 (i) An X band transponder of a geo synchronous satellite at a height of 35760 km
from the surface of the earth and operating at 7.6 GHz has its antenna oriented
towards earth station antenna. The input power and directive gain of the
transponder antenna are 18 W and 36dB respectively. Assuming no losses
occurring in the down link determine
(1) Power received by earth station antenna of aperture diameter and efficiency
given as 3 meters and 62% respectively.
(2) EIRP of the transponder antenna (6)
(ii) Write notes on SCADA and Intelsat. (BT-6) (10)

6 (i) What are the modes of operation suggested in optical fibres? How are optical
fibres classified according to this? Discuss elaborately.(BT-1) (10)

(ii) State the advantages of Fiber optic communication. (BT-1) (6)

7 (i) Explain with the block diagram of an earth station. (BT-4) (8)
(ii) Explain in detail about the aperture actuators used in satellites (BT-4) (8)

8 (i) Illustrate Kepler’s law and how they relate to satellite communication. (BT-3) (8)

(ii) Illustrate the significance of satellite link budgets s and how they are calculated.
(BT-3) (8)

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9 (i) Draw the block diagram of a satellite uplink model and explain its operation.
(BT-4) (8)

(ii) Discuss power line carrier communication with suitable example and diagram. (8)
(BT-2)
10 (i) Explain the concept of satellite communication system and its application(BT-5) (8)

(ii) Explain in detail about the operation of any one fiber optic source and detector. (8)
(BT-5)

Prepared by :
Mr. V. Suresh Kumar A.P. (Sr.G) / EIE
Mr. R. Issanraj A.P. (O.G) / EIE

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