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DC Motor: Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Dan Automotif, UMP Lab Instructor

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on modeling and simulating the open loop speed control of a DC motor. Students will use an online simulation to explore the torque-speed characteristics of the motor at different voltages, the relationship between voltage and motor speed, and the effect of load on motor dynamics and current draw. The objectives are to understand DC motor principles and open loop speed control.

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Syed Dhiya'uddin Aslah Syed Omar
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51 views6 pages

DC Motor: Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Dan Automotif, UMP Lab Instructor

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on modeling and simulating the open loop speed control of a DC motor. Students will use an online simulation to explore the torque-speed characteristics of the motor at different voltages, the relationship between voltage and motor speed, and the effect of load on motor dynamics and current draw. The objectives are to understand DC motor principles and open loop speed control.

Uploaded by

Syed Dhiya'uddin Aslah Syed Omar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“In the name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful”

PBL DC MOTOR
Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Automotif, UMP

Lab Instructor

Lab Location
MAKMAL FKM MF12L12

Lab Objectives

By the end of this lab, students should be able to:

1. Develop open loop speed control of dc motor

Student names Student ID Section

10
1.0 DC Motor

In this lab, we are going to study the principle and open loop speed control of DC motor.

There are 2 kinds of motors, AC motors and DC motors. In this course, we are going to focus on
DC motors only. So, the following discussions focus mainly on DC motors.

There are several kinds of DC motors, examples are stepper motors, servos, brushed/brush-less
motors.

 Stepper motors: The inputs of a stepper motor are signal pulses and the shaft of a stepper
motor moves between discrete postions proportional to pulses. If the load of the motor is
not too great, open-loop control is usually used to control the motor. Stepper motors are
used in disk drive head positioning, plotters, and numerous other applications.
 Servo motors: The input of a servo motor is a voltage value and the output shaft of the
servo motor is commanded to a particular angular position according to the input voltage.
Servo motors are used in radio control airplanes to control the position of wing flaps and
similar devices.
 DC motors: The input of a DC motor is current/voltage and its output is torque (speed).

Let's consider a permanent magnet brushed motor. The piece


connected to the ground is called the stator and the piece
connected to the output shaft is called the rotor. The inputs of
the motor are connected to 2 wires and by applying a
voltage across them, the motor turns as shown in Figure 1.

We are going to experiment on DC motor and observe the


above principles.

Figure 1

2.0 Simulation – DC Motor

In this lab, we will be using a simulation to observe the behavior of a DC motor. The Link to the
online simulation website is as following: http://www.sosw.poznan.pl/tfitzer/dcpid/

The characteristics of the DC motor, the equations involved in mdeling the motor and information
related to the rotor shaft and load connected to the motor are available as below.
Inthis simulation, you are going to identify the Torque-speed characteristics of the motor at
different voltages, the relation between voltages and speed of the motor, and the effect of load
on the dynamic of the motor and current absorbed from the power supply.
The left part of the screen shows the control parameters of the motors. There are:

- Vbus: the voltage fed to the terminal of the DC motor


- Load torque: The resistance torque that need to be driven by the motor
- Load inertia: The inertia of the load at the rotor shaft
- Speed ref: The speed level desired in the case of speed-controlled motor using PID (Note:
In this lab, we will use open control. No desired speed level is set)
- Speed control panel: for PID control. In our case, click ‘Open’.

On the top right part, we have the Simulink block diagram of the control of the motor and the
animation of the motor’s rotor. The animation will change as you change the control parameters
explained in previous paragraph.

The bottom right part is the measurements panel. All the parameters measured are given in
maximum, minimum and average value. To be able to take a proper reading, leave the motor
until steady state so that the measurements are all stabilized. The measurements include:

- Blue & green: Vbus


- Purple: Current
- Yellow: Speed in rpm
2.0 Simulation Steps –

In this part, you have to simulate the conditions explained in each questions, and answer all the
respectives questions.

For all simulations, the motor speed control will be left opened.

1. Question 1: For given voltage below, measure the speed of the motor (the load torque
and load inertia is 0).
Voltage Vbus (V) Speed (rpm)
1
3
6
9
12

These speeds are particular speed in a DC motor characteristics. What is the name of
these speed?

2. Question 2: For Given voltage below, measure the load that make the speed fall to zero.
(the load torque and load inertia is 0)
Voltage Vbus (V) Load torque (N.m)
1
3
6
9
12

These torques are particular torques in a DC motor characteristics. What is the name of
these torques?

3. Question 3: From Question 1 and 2, plot the speed torque graph of the DC motor studied
at the level of voltage studied. Then, find the maximum power deliverable by the motor
for each voltage level supplied to the motor.
Voltage Vbus (V) Maximum power (Watt)
1
3
6
9
12

4. Question 4: Set the following parameter.


- Vbus: 3V

Set the load inertia following the table below. For each load inertia, change the load
torque from 0N.m to 0.1N.m, then wait for steady state. Then, change back the load
torque from 0.1N.m back to 0N.m. Observe the difference in variation of the motor
speed for different values of load inertia below. Describe your observation.

Load inertia (kg.m2) Observation on variation of speed


0
0.05
0.1

5. Question 5: Explain how would we use the DC motor as generator? You can use the help
of different diagrams or drawings.

6. Question 6: Draw a conclusion

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