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Tutorial 3

This document contains examples and explanations of concepts related to time-varying channels, including: 1) An example calculation of mean delay spread and RMS delay spread for a multipath channel profile. 2) Verification that a channel model with exponential decay of multipath components over time is wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS). 3) Examples involving derivation of channel impulse responses and properties for given time-variant transfer functions. 4) An example calculation of coherence bandwidth and time for a channel, and determination of if it exhibits frequency selective or flat fading, and slow or fast fading.

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74 views18 pages

Tutorial 3

This document contains examples and explanations of concepts related to time-varying channels, including: 1) An example calculation of mean delay spread and RMS delay spread for a multipath channel profile. 2) Verification that a channel model with exponential decay of multipath components over time is wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS). 3) Examples involving derivation of channel impulse responses and properties for given time-variant transfer functions. 4) An example calculation of coherence bandwidth and time for a channel, and determination of if it exhibits frequency selective or flat fading, and slow or fast fading.

Uploaded by

PURUSHOTHAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ECE 414 Tutorial 3

h(τ,t), H(f,t), H(τ,ν), H(f,ν)


Examples

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ECE 414 Tutorial 3

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l 

l  delay power spectral


density
l  mean delay spread
l  rms delay spread
l  delay spread à ISI/
frequency selective?

Autocorrelation
function of h(τ,t)
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ECE 414 Tutorial 3
l 

l  time-frequency correlation


function
l  Let Δt=0 à frequency
correlation function
l  Side note:
and are
Fourier transform pair

à ISI/frequency selective?
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ECE 414 Tutorial 3
l 

l  time-frequency correlation


function
l  Let Δf=0 à time correlation
function , which
measures how fast the
channel changes with time
à Fast or slow fading

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l 

l  is the FT of
w.r.t. Δt
l  Let Δf=0 à Doppler
power spectral density
, the FT of
l  Side note:

à Fast or slow fading


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l  Mean Doppler shift:

l  RMS Doppler spread:

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ECE 414 Tutorial 3

Slow and Fast and


frequency frequency
selective selective
fading fading

Slow and Fast and flat


flat fading fading

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l  Example 1
For the channel exhibiting the above multipath intensity profile
1) calculate the mean delay spread, τ
2) calculate the RMS delay spread, στ

3) would this channel be suitable for AMPS (30kHz) or GSM (200kHz) without
the user of equalizer?

0 dB
− 10dB
− 20dB
τ (us)
0 1 5 20
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l  Solution:
∫ τφh (τ )dτ 0 × 0.01 + 1× 0.1 + 5 × 0.1 + 20 ×1
1) τ = = ≈ 17.02us
∫ φh (τ )dτ 0.01 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 1
1/ 2 1/ 2
⎡ ∫ (τ − τ ) 2 φh (τ )dτ ⎤ ⎡ ∫ τ 2φh (τ )dτ ⎤
2) σ τ = ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ − τ 2 ⎥ ≈ 6.55us
⎢⎣ ∫ φh (τ )dτ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ∫ φh (τ )dτ ⎥⎦
1 1
3) coherence bandwidth (Δf )c ≈ = = 152kHz
Tm σ τ
For AMPS, Ws = 30kHz << (Δf )c ⇒ frequency non-selective
For GSM, Ws = 200kHz >> (Δf )c ⇒ frequency selective
⇒ AMPS: no ISI, no equalizer needed
GSM : ISI, equalizer needed
Question : Here, the delay components are (0,1,5, 20). What happens to the
delay spread if the four component are (0,1,5,10) ?
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l  Example 2

Verify the channel


h(τ , t ) = exp(−τ / T )n(τ ) cos(Ωt + θ ), τ ≥ 0
where T and Ω are constants, θ is a random variable uniformly
distributed in [ −π , +π ] , and n(τ ) is a random process independent
of θ , with E[ n(τ )] = µn and E[ n(τ 1 ) n(τ 2 )] = δ (τ 1 -τ 2 ), is a WSSUS
channel?

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h(τ , t ) = exp(−τ / T )n(τ ) cos(Ωt + θ ), τ ≥ 0

ECE 414 Tutorial 3

Refer to
Tutorial 1

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Thus, h(τ,t) is WSSUS.

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l  Example 3 (P2-7)
l  The time variant transfer function of a WSSUS channel is
given by
H ( f , t ) = α (t ) exp( jθ (t )).
a. Does the channel exhibit frequency-selective fading or
flat fading? Explain.
b. Derive the channel impulse response h(τ,t).
c. Given that the transmitted signal is x(t), derive the
received signal r(t) in the absence of background noise.
From the relation between x(t) and r(t), find the mean
delay (τ ) and delay spread (σ τ ) of the channel.

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l  Example 4 (P2-10)
l  A WSSUS channel:
Multipath delay spread Tm = 1s,
Doppler spread Bd = 0.02Hz,
Channel bandwidth Ws = 5Hz,
Symbol duration Ts = 10s.

a. Determine the coherence bandwidth and the coherence


time.
b. Does this channel exhibit frequency selective fading?
Explain.
c. Does this channel exhibit slow or fast fading? Explain.
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coherence bandwidth coherence time

(Δt)c>>Ts slow

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