DELTA-DeLTA Connection of A Three Phase Transformer

Electrical Apparatus and Devices
DELTA-DELTA CONNECTION OF A THREE

PHASE TRANSFORMER
Engr. Conrado E. Quinalayo Devee L. Ambas

Instructor BSEE-3-II
DELTA-DELTA • This type of connection is used when
CONNECTION
the supply source is delta
connected and the secondary load
is needs a single voltage with a high
current.
• This is generally employed for three-

phase power loads (like a three-
phase motors).
• In this, both primary and secondary

windings are connected in delta
fashion.
A common physical arrangement of the three transformers
DELTA-DELTA
CONNECTION The figure above shows three single-phase
transformers, assumed to be identical, with
their primaries connected in delta and their
secondaries connected in delta.
The equivalent circuits of the figure beside apply to
each of the three transformers connected delta-delta
with or without the ideal transformer. If the three
transformers are identical and are operating under
balanced 3-phase load and balanced 3-phase
voltage conditions, each transformer carries one third
of the 3-phase load.
DELTA-DELTA
CONNECTION
The voltages on primary and secondary sides can be shown
on the phasor diagram.
Key point:
Primary Side Line Voltage = Secondary Side Line Voltage.
Primary Side Phase Voltage= Secondary Side Phase Voltage.
No phase shift between primary and secondary voltages
This connection proves to be economical for large

low voltage transformers as it increases number
of turns per phase.
TRANSFORMER DELTA-DELTA CONNECTION
Three-phase Voltage and Current Characteristics
Connection Phase Voltage Line Voltage Phase Current Line Current
Delta 𝑉𝑝 = 𝑉𝐿 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝐿 ÷ 3 𝐼𝐿 = 3 × 𝐼𝑃
Where: VL = Line Voltage

VP = Phase Voltage
IL = Line Current
IP = Phase Current
TRANSFORMER WYE-WYE CONNECTION
Three-phase Line Voltage and Current
Primary-Secondary Line Voltage Line Current

Configuration Primary or Secondary Primary or Secondary
𝐼𝐿
Delta-Delta 𝑉𝐿 = n𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 =
𝑛
Where: n equals the transformers “turns ratio” (T.R.) of the number of secondary
windings NS, divided by the number of primary windings NP.
( NS/NP ) and VL is the line-to-line voltage with VP being the phase-to-neutral
voltage.
It is evident from figure above that full line-to-line voltage exists across the windings of each
transformer. Therefore, the secondary line-to-line voltages Vab, Vbc and Vca are
practically in phase with the corresponding primary line-to-line voltages VAB, VBC and
VCA. In addition, if the leakage impedance drops are neglected, the voltage ratios equal
the turns ratio, i.e.
𝑽𝑨𝑩 𝑽𝑩𝑪 𝑽𝑪𝑨

= = =𝒂
𝑽𝒂𝒃 𝑽𝒃𝒄 𝑽𝒄𝒂
In the case of identical transformers, when the
third harmonics in the exciting current are
neglected, the line currents are 3 times the
currents flowing in the windings under
balanced conditions.
And the current ratio when the magnetizing

current is neglected is:
𝑰𝑨𝑩 𝑰𝑩𝑪 𝑰𝑪𝑨 𝑰𝑨 𝑰𝑩 𝑰𝑪 𝟏

= = = = = =
𝑰𝒂𝒃 𝑰𝒃𝒄 𝑰𝒄𝒂 𝑰𝒂 𝑰𝒃 𝑰𝒄 𝒂
We can see from the above-drawn diagram that both the primary and secondary line
voltages are in phase. This connection is called 0° - connection.
If we reverse the connections of the phase winding, we obtain the phase difference of
180° between the primary and secondary systems. This connection is called 180° -
connection.
FACTORS OF DELTA-DELTA CONNECTION
SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGE AT SECONDARY
In order to get secondary voltage as sinusoidal, the magnetizing current of transformer must contain a .
AND ITS EFFECTS IN ITS LOAD The delta connection provides a closed path for circulation of third harmonic component of current. The
flux remains sinusoidal which results in sinusoidal voltages.
CARRY 58% LOAD IF ONE TRANSFER IS FAULTY IN TRANSFORMER BANK

If there is bank of single phase transformers connected in delta-delta fashion and if one of the
(ADVANTAGES)
transformers is disabled then the supply can be continued with remaining tow transformers of course
with reduced efficiency.
ECONOMICAL FOR LOW VOLTAGE

Due to delta connection, phase voltage is same as line voltage hence winding have more number of
turns. But phase current is (1/√3) times the line current. Hence the cross-section of the windings is very
less. This makes the connection economical for low voltages transformers.
ABSENT OF THIRD HARMONIC VOLTAGE

Due to closed delta, third harmonic voltages are absent. The absence of star or neutral point
proves to be advantageous in some cases
FACTORS OF Y-Y CONNECTION AND ITS
EFFECTS IN ITS LOAD
(DISAVANTAGE)
The main disadvantage of the delta-delta transformer

is that there is no star-point or neutral terminal
available. Therefore, the delta-delta connected
transformer is used when neither primary nor
secondary requires neutral terminal and the voltages
are low and moderate.
Other possible connections for three phase transformers are:
Wye-Delta Connection
From the name itself, this type has the primary side in star connection while the secondary side is in delta. By
having a star connection at the primary side, the star‘s neutral point can be connected to ground to avoid distortion.
Also, the phase voltage of the primary is equal to the supply line voltage divided by √3, or only about 58%. Thus, for
a 1:1 turns ratio, a star-delta connection will provide reduced voltage to the secondary side by a factor of 0.58. This
makes the star-delta connection applicable to step-down transformers.
Delta-Star Connection
On the primary side, the line and phase voltages are the same, while on the secondary side, the line voltage is equal
to the phase voltage multiplied by √3. Thus, for a 1:1 turns ratio, the secondary line will provide an increased
voltage by a factor of √3. Delta-star transformers are used for step-up applications. Another application of this type
is distribution systems. Since the secondary side has a neutral, it can also serve as a single-phase power supply aside
from supplying the full three-phase.
Like the star-delta, by having different windings of the primary and secondary sides, the resulting electricity is out of
phase.
Star-Star Connection
This type has both star windings on the primary and secondary sides. Line voltages on each side are √3 times the
voltage of a single phase. The main advantage of a star-star connection is the access to the neutral terminal on both
sides of the transformer which can be grounded if desired. By connecting the star neutral to ground, distortion to the
waveform is eliminated. Without grounding, this configuration‘s operation is satisfactory only if the loads on all the
three phases are balanced.
DELTA-DELTA • Suitable for large, low
transformer.
voltages
CONNECTION • This type of connection is normally

uncommon but used ins some
APPLICATION
industrial facilities to reduce
impact of SLG faults on the primary
system.
• It is generally used in systems where

it need to be carry large currents on
low voltages and especially when
continuity of service is to be
maintained even though one of the
phases develops fault.
Sources:
https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/transformer/three-phase-
transformer.html#:~:text=Three%2Dphase%20transformers%20are%20a,delta%2C%20and%20delta%2Dstar.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-delta-delta-connection-of-transformer
https://www.javatpoint.com/three-phase-transformers
https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/delta-delta-transformer-connection-
overview
I do not own the photos in this presentation. PCCTO

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Electrical Apparatus and Devices

DELTA-DELTA CONNECTION OF A THREE

Engr. Conrado E. Quinalayo Devee L. Ambas

• This is generally employed for three-

• In this, both primary and secondary

This connection proves to be economical for large

Connection Phase Voltage Line Voltage Phase Current Line Current

Where: VL = Line Voltage

Primary-Secondary Line Voltage Line Current

𝑽𝑨𝑩 𝑽𝑩𝑪 𝑽𝑪𝑨

And the current ratio when the magnetizing

𝑰𝑨𝑩 𝑰𝑩𝑪 𝑰𝑪𝑨 𝑰𝑨 𝑰𝑩 𝑰𝑪 𝟏

CARRY 58% LOAD IF ONE TRANSFER IS FAULTY IN TRANSFORMER BANK

ECONOMICAL FOR LOW VOLTAGE

ABSENT OF THIRD HARMONIC VOLTAGE

The main disadvantage of the delta-delta transformer

CONNECTION • This type of connection is normally

• It is generally used in systems where

I do not own the photos in this presentation. PCCTO

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