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EE558 - Digital Communications - Spring 2021 Assignment 6 - Due Date: 12/02/2021

This document contains instructions for Assignment 6 of the Digital Communications course. It includes 5 questions analyzing digital passband modulation techniques: 1) Plot the analytical BER performance of BPSK, ASK, and QPSK in MATLAB. 2) Generate numerical BER curves for BPSK and ASK in MATLAB and compare to the analytical results. 3) Calculate the BER of BASK with phase uncertainty at different phase shift values and propose a receiver design that is robust to phase uncertainty. 4) Analyze a 4-ASK signaling scheme and calculate average energies and error probability. 5) Analyze a 16-QAM signaling scheme, calculating average energies and symbol error probability.

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67 views3 pages

EE558 - Digital Communications - Spring 2021 Assignment 6 - Due Date: 12/02/2021

This document contains instructions for Assignment 6 of the Digital Communications course. It includes 5 questions analyzing digital passband modulation techniques: 1) Plot the analytical BER performance of BPSK, ASK, and QPSK in MATLAB. 2) Generate numerical BER curves for BPSK and ASK in MATLAB and compare to the analytical results. 3) Calculate the BER of BASK with phase uncertainty at different phase shift values and propose a receiver design that is robust to phase uncertainty. 4) Analyze a 4-ASK signaling scheme and calculate average energies and error probability. 5) Analyze a 16-QAM signaling scheme, calculating average energies and symbol error probability.

Uploaded by

kasun prabhath
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EE558 - Digital Communications - Spring 2021

Assignment 6 - Due date: 12/02/2021

November 19, 2021

NOTE: You are required to code in MATLAB on your own. You can use the
template file provided to you. Please include your MATLAB code and Figures in your
submission. There exercises are not difficult.

1. (20pt) Analytical Performance of Digital Passband Modulation. You are required


to use MATLAB to plot the analytical BER performance of BPSK, ASK, and Gray QPSK.
Provide the MATLAB code and the figure. The following hints can be useful
p p
(a) BER of ASK is: Q( Eb /N0 ), BERs of BPSK and Gray QPSK are: Q( 2Eb /N0 )
(b) Use semilogy function in MATLAB for the BER performance plot. Eb /N0 should be
converted to dB on the x-axis
(c) Use the provided Q.m function
(d) Range of Eb /N0 should be 0 to 10 dB.

2. (20pt) Numerical Performance of Digital Passband Modulation. You are required


to use MATLAB to generate the numerical BER of BPSK and ASK. Perform the following
steps in MATLAB.

(a) Generate a random binary information sequence of length L = 1000 bits


(b) Map the bit sequence into transmitted symbol sequence, so that your average bit energy
Eb = 1
• For BPSK: map bit ‘0’ to −1 and bit ‘1’ to 1
√
• For ASK: map bit ‘0’ to 0 and bit ‘1’ to 2
(c) Generate a sequence of L independent Gaussian random variable with variance σ 2 =
N0 /2. MATLAB code to generate one Gaussian random variable with variance σ 2 :
\sqrt(σ 2 ) ∗ randn
(d) Add the noise sequence to the transmitted symbol sequence to have the received signal
(e) Demodulate the received signal sequence by setting proper thresholds and decide whether
a received signal symbol is 0 or 1
(f) Compare the demodulated sequence with the original bit sequence and find the BER
(g) Save the BER for each Eb /N0 (0, 1, . . . , 10 dB)
(h) For low BER (around 10−6 with Eb /N0 = 10), you need to generate enough errors (total
bits in error of 100 for instance). So you may need to send and detect multiple sequence
of length L = 1000 bits

1
(i) Plot the BER curves and compare with the analytical result in Question 1.

3. (20pt) BASK with phase uncertainty. Consider BASK with the two elementary signals:

s1 (t) = 0,
√ if 0 is transmitted
, 0 ≤ t ≤ Tb
s2 (t) = 2V cos(2πfc t), if 1 is transmitted

where fc = n/Tb , n  1. Upon transmission through the channel, the signal under goes a
phase shift. The received signal is therefore given by
 R
s1 (t) + w(t)
r(t) =
sR
2 (t) + w(t)

0 + w(t), if 0 was transmitted
= √
2V cos(2πfc t + θ) + w(t), if 1 was transmitted

where w(t) is AWGN with a two-sided PSD of N0 /2, sR R


1 (t) and s2 (t) are the two possible
received signals in the absence of noise. The phase is assumed to be unknown to the receiver
since either the company cannot afford a phase-locked loop (PLL) or their engineers do not
understand the circuit and cannot design one. Thus they are attempting to overcome this
problem.

(a) One proposed idea is as follows. Forget about the phase shift and just use the conven-
tional “optimal” receiver (designed for θ = 0). Calculate the BER for this method when
θ = 30◦ , 60◦ , 90◦ . Plot the BER curves as functions of Eb /N0 on the same graph and
comment.
(b) After testing the performance of the receiver in (a) and not being satisfied with it, the
company comes to you for a suggestion. What should be a reasonable receiver in the face
of this phase uncertainty. Explain. HINT: As a first step, determine the signal space of
the received signal sR R
1 (t) and s2 (t). Assume the phase can be any value between 0 and
R
2π and plot the locus of s2 (t) in the signal space.

4. (20pt) Consider the following 4-ASK signaling and calculate:

00 01 10 11
• • • •
−3 −1 1 3

Figure 1: 4-ASK mapping for Question 4.

(a) The average energy per symbol and the average energy per bit for the mapping in Fig.
1.
(b) What is the probability of error, given that ‘00’ was transmitted and the noise process
is white with the power spectral density of N0 /2?
(c) Another 4-ASK signaling is formed as follows: Calculate the average energy per symbol
and the average energy per bit for the new mapping in Fig. 2

5. (20pt) 16-QAM. Square 16-QAM mapping can be interpreted as one 4-ASK mapping on
the in-phase and one 4-ASK mapping on the quadrature. The 16-QAM mapping in Fig. 3 is
a combination of two ASK mapping.

2
00 01 10 11
• • • •
0 1 2 3

Figure 2: 4-ASK mapping for Question 4.

0010 0110 1110 1010


• • • •

0011 0111 1111 1011


• • • •

0 1 3
• • • •
0001 0101 1101 1001

• • • •
0000 0100 1100 1000

Figure 3: 16-QAM mapping for Question 5.

(a) Calculate the average symbol energy and the average bit energy for the mapping in Fig.
3.
(b) What is the probability of symbol error given that ‘0111’ was transmitted and the
additive noise process is white with the power spectral density of N0 /2?

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