Project Report

On

EXTREME AND CLIMATOLOGICAL

WEATHER PROCESSING SYSTEM

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of
B.TECH (Maths & IT Engineering)
[Session: 2012-13]

Sumit Yadav
(2nd year student)
Cluster Innovation Center
Delhi University

1
 Acknowledgement

The completion of any project depends on the cooperation, coordination and combined efforts
of served sources of material, time knowledge and energy. Hence this opportunity is taken to
thank and acknowledge all the people who directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of
the project.
I owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Dinesh Kumar (Scientific Assistant) IMD for his willingness
to adopt me as his project student and for the unwavering support he provided throughout the
summer project by encouraging us.
I would also like to thank Mr. N.K. Pangasa, Scientist-F, for giving me the opportunity to

work on this project in IMD.

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 Certificate

This is to certify that the project entitled “ Extreme and Climatological weather processing
system ” carried out by Manju kumari meena, Himani swarup and Sumit yadav students of
B.tech (CIC,DU) ,is hereby accepted and approved as a credible work as a part of their project
training at India meteorology department(IMD).
They have completed the work assigned to them satisfactorily. The application made by them
is successfully

Project Co-ordinator
Dinesh kumar
S.A (Scientific Assistant)

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 Abstract
“Extreme and climatological weather processing system” is developed for daily records of
temperature and rainfall . It facilitates to access the daily temperature and rainfall of a particular
location.

The information is sorted by the operators, which will be provided by the instructor for a
particular station. The proposed system is user friendly because the retrieval and storing of data
is fast and data is maintained efficiently.

Moreover the graphical user interface is provided in the proposed system, which provides user
to deal with the system very easily. This project is developed in a very modular and flexible
manner. The scope of the project is the system on which the software is installed, i.e. the project
is developed as a database design from which we can retrieve information about weather.

In production, the web pages will be a combination of PHP, HTML, css and some MySQL
statements. Furthermore, each page can lead to other pages to provide users with ways to
click through links and fill out forms.

Basically this application provides an efficient way of storing two types of data climatological
and extreme weather conditions and allow user to access weather conditions.

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 Index
Contents page no.
1. Introduction …………………………………………………………. 7
1.1 IMD’s progress …………………………………………………… 7
1.2 Organization ………………………………………………………. 8
1.3 IMD’s responsibility ……………………………………………… 10
 1.4 Training in Meteorological Telecommunication ………………… 11
2. Objective …………………………………………………………….. 13
3. Resources and Technology used ……………………………………….. 14
3.1 PHP ………………………………………………………………… 14
3.2 MySQL …………………………………………………………….. 15
3.3 HTML …………………………………………………………… 15
3.4 JAVASCRIPT ……………………………………………………… 15
4. Software’s used ……………………………………………………… 16
4.1 Xampp …………………………………………………………… 16
4.2 PhpMyadmin database …………………………………………… 16
4.3 Dreamweaver …………………………………………………… 17
5. Functions provided …………………………………………………………17
6. Features provided ……………………………………………………… 18
6.1 Homepage ………………………………………………………… 18
6.2 Extreme weather …………………………………………………….. 18
6.3 Climatological data ………………………………………………….. 19
7. Database …………………………………………………………………. 21
8. Limitations …………………………………………………………………24
9. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….. 25
10. Refrences …………………………………………………………………25

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List of figures

Figure 1: Indian Meteorology Department

Figure 2: satellite picture
Figure 3: International circuit
Figure 4: IMD at New Delhi
Figure 5: Xampp software’ home page
Figure 6: Xampp software’s database
Figure 7: Home page
Figure 8: Extreme weather
Figure 9: Extreme weather for the station requested by user
Figure 10: Climatological weather
Figure 11: Climatological weather for January month
Figure 12: Records of the log table
Figure 13: showing all the table in phpMyAdmin

Figure 14: E-R diagram of extreme weather table

Figure 15: Extreme table made in phpMyAdmin
Figure 16: E-R diagram of climate table
Figure 17: Climatological table made in phpMyAdmin

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 1.Introduction
India Meteorological Department was established in 1875.It is the National Meteorological
Service of the country and principal government agency in all matters relating to meteorology,
seismology and allied subjects.
Henry Francis Blanford1  was appointed the first Meteorological Reporter of the IMD.

Figure 1 .India Meteorological Department

Type Central Govt. Dept.

Founded 1875
Headquarter Mausam Bhawan, New Delhi
Owner(s) DGM,India Meteorological Department
Website www.imd.gov.in

1.1 IMD’s progress

From a modest beginning in 1875, IMD has progressively expanded its infrastructure for
meteorological observations, communications, forecasting and weather services and it has
achieved a parallel scientific growth.

1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Francis_Blanford
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IMD has always used contemporary technology. In the telegraph age, it made extensive use of
weather telegrams for collecting observational data and sending warnings.

Later IMD became the first organization in India to have a message switching computer for
supporting its global data exchange.

One of the first few electronic computers introduced in the country was provided to IMD for
scientific applications in meteorology.

India was the first developing country in the world to have its own geostationary satellite,
INSAT, for continuous weather monitoring of this part of the globe and particularly for cyclone
warning.

IMD has continuously ventured into new areas of application and service, and steadily built
upon its infra-structure in its history of 125 years. It has simultaneously nurtured the growth of
meteorology and atmospheric science in India.

Today, meteorology in India is poised at the threshold of an exciting future.

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figure 2. satellite picture

1.2 Organization
The Director General of Meteorology is the Head of the India Meteorological
Department , with headquarters at New Delhi. There are 4 Additional Directors
2
http://www.imd.gov.in/section/satmet/dynamic/insat.htm
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General at New Delhi and 1 at Pune. There are 20 Deputy Directors General of
whom 10 are at New Delhi.

For the convenience of administrative and technical control, there are 6 Regional
Meteorological Centers, each under a Deputy Director General with headquarters
at Mumbai, Chennai, New Delhi, Calcutta, Nagpur and Guwahati. Under the
administrative control of Deputy Director General, there are different types of
operational units such as Meteorological Centers at state capitals, Forecasting
Offices, Agro meteorological Advisory Service Centers, Flood Meteorological
Offices, Area Cyclone Warning Centers and Cyclone Warning Centers.

In addition, there are separate Divisions to deal with specialized subjects. They are:
-

 Agricultural Meteorology
 Civil Aviation
 Climatology
 Hydrometeorology
 Instrumentation
 Meteorological Telecommunication
 Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre
 Positional Astronomy
 Satellite Meteorology
 Seismology
 Training

At present IMD is under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).

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 Figure 3. International circuit
1.3 IMD’s responsibility 

To take meteorological observations and to provide current and forecast meteorological

information for optimum operation of weather-sensitive activities like agriculture, irrigation,
shipping, aviation, offshore oil explorations, etc.

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  To warn against severe weather phenomena like tropical cyclones, norwesters, dust
storms, heavy rains and snow, cold and heat waves, etc., which cause destruction of life
and property.
 To provide meteorological statistics required for agriculture, water resource management,
industries, oil exploration and other nation-building activities.
 To conduct and promote research in meteorology and allied disciplines.
 To detect and locate earthquakes and to evaluate seismicity in different parts of the
country for development projects.

1.4 Training in Meteorological Telecommunication

 A Telecommunication Training Centre (TTC) was established in New Delhi in September,
1977 for imparting training in Meteorological Telecommunications.  It is one of the
international training centers in the field of meteorological telecommunication recognized by
the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
The center is equipped with latest communication software and audio-visual aids.  Ten
numbers of computer work stations have been installed for imparting training in PC
applications.  A Weather Data Reception and Analysis System  is also available for imparting
training on processing and analyzing the meteorological information in the form of satellite
imageries, raw data and charts.
The center has so far imparted training to 1064 departmental personnel.  It has also imparted
training to 88 foreign sponsored under various technical cooperation program such as ITEC,
SCAAP of Government of India, Colombo Plan, UNDP and WMO.

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Imd.gov.in
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 PROJECT
ON

Extreme and
Climatological
Weather
Processing System

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13
 2. Objective
“Extreme and climatological weather processing system” is an application of software
developed for storing data of extreme events with regard to temperature and rainfall. It
facilitates to access the weather information of various station.

The proposed system is user Friendly because the retrieval and storing of data is fast and data is
maintained efficiently.

The application allow user to store, retrieve, update and delete two type of weather data:

a) Extreme weather data (contains 4 attributes max and min temp. and
max rain and monthly total rain).
b) Climatological weather data(contains daily max & min temp, mean total rainfall, mean
rainy days, fog, thunder, squall and hag).

Moreover the graphical user interface is provided in the proposed system, which provides user
to deal with the system very easily.
The data that user submits is stored in database and maintained at there.
This project is developed in a very modular and flexible manner.

The scope of the project is the system on which the software is installed, i.e. the project is
developed as a database design from which we can retrieve information about weather, and it
works in a very efficient way.

later on the project can be modified to operate it online.

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3. Resources and Technology used:
We planned to use the following technologies and resources for Project :

 Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) – v5

 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) – v3
 (PHP) – v5.3/5.4
 Structured Query Language (SQL)
 MySQL database
Also team used few open source jQuery plugins in the project.

3.1 PHP
PHP is a robust, server-side, open source scripting language that is extremely
flexible and actually fun to learn. PHP is also cross platform, which means your PHP
scripts will run on Unix, Linux, or an NT server. With PHP, it’s a simple matter to embed
dynamic activity in web pages. Some unique features of PHP:

Performance Scripts written in PHP execute faster than those written in other scripting
Languages. . The server used in the project is Xampp (local host).

Portability PHP is available for UNIX, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and OS/2, and
PHP programs are portable between platforms.

Ease of Use PHP is an extremely sophisticated programming language. Its syntax is

clear and consistent, and it comes with exhaustive documentation for the 5000+ functions
included with the core distributions.

Open Source PHP is an open-source project—the language is developed by a worldwide

team of volunteers. It is available without payment of licensing fees or investments in expensive
hardware or software. This reduces software development costs without affecting either
flexibility or reliability.

Community Support PHP offers platform to the creativity and imagination of hundreds of
developers
across the world. PHP’s extensible architecture allows developers to write custom add-ons to
the language, with the result that PHP developers can today read and write the GIF, JPEG, and
PNG image formats; send and receive e-mail using the SMTP, IMAP, and POP3 protocols

Third-Party Application Support One of PHP’s strengths has historically been its
support for a wide range of different databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle,
and Microsoft SQL Server.
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3.2 MySQL
MySQL is the standard query language for interacting with databases. MySQL is an open
source, SQL database server that is more or less free and extremely fast. MySQL is also cross
platform.
MySQL is probably the most popular database management system for web servers. It
illustrates how PHP can be used to build Web applications.

3.3 Html

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for creating web

pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. HTML is written in the
form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets  within the web page
content HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to
create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such
as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. Web browsers can also refer
to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. 

3.4 Javascript
JavaScript (JS) is an interpreted computer programming language.[5] It was originally
implemented as part of web browsers so that client-side scripts could interact with the user,
control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that was
displayed.[5] More recently, however, it has become common in both game development and the
creation of desktop applications.
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first-class
functions. Its syntax was influenced by the language C. JavaScript copies many names and
naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very
different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from
the Self and Scheme programming languages.[6] It is a multi-paradigm language,
supporting object-oriented,[7] imperative, and functional[1][8] programming styles.

4. Software’s used:
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 4.1 XAMPP
XAMPP (Apache, PHP and MySQL for Windows) provides the popular combination of
Apache with the PHP server-side language and the MySQL database in one easy-to-install
package.

Figure 5. Xampp software’ home page

4.2 phpMyAdmin
 phpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations on MySQL, MariaDB and Drizzle.
Frequently used operations (managing databases, tables, columns, relations, indexes, users,
permissions, etc) can be performed via the user interface, while you still have the ability to
directly execute any SQL statement.
On typing phpmyadmin in localhost as URL user will get the page from where Database can
be accesed

Figure 6. Xampp software’s database

4.3 Dreamweaver
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Adobe Dreamweaver is a web design and development application that provides a
visual WYSIWYG editor (colloquially referred to as the Design view) and a code editor with
standard features such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and code collapsing as well as
more sophisticated features such as real-time syntax checking and code introspection for
generating code hints to assist the user in writing code.[4] The Design view facilitates rapid
layout design and code generationas it allows users to quickly create and manipulate the layout
of HTML elements. Dreamweaver features an integrated browser for previewing developed
webpages in the program's own preview pane in addition to allowing content to be open in
locally installed web browsers. It provides transfer and synchronization features, the ability to
find and replace lines of text or code by search terms or regular expressions across the entire
site, and a templating feature that allows single-source update of shared code and layout across
entire sites without server-side includes or scripting. 

5. Functions provided:
 USABILITY: The product could be used by two categories of people: instructors and users.
Apart from them administrator also could use it.

 RELIABILITY: Users can perform the operations without any constraints regarding the
outcome of operation. The product as a whole is highly reliable and provide these operations
to users:

1. Update records
2. Insert new record
3. Display
4. Delete records

 PERFORMANCE: It provides users with access to information based on the type of users.
It provides fast access to all the data and transactions requested there by providing a high
degree of performance and throughput.

 SUPPORTABILITY :All kinds of information which can be supported in the database are
supported by the system and the application supports the utilities of the system over which
it is deployed.

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6. Features provided:
6.1 Homepage
Homepage provides link to extreme weather and climatological data input.

Figure 7. Homepage

User can either climatological or extreme weather button to proceed further.

6.2 Extreme weather

On selecting extreme weather link it takes to the following page.

Figure8. Extreme weather

It contains following fields -

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  year
 month
 station id
 go
On selecting year, month for a particular station and pressing “Go” button it displays the form
to enter extreme weather data for the selected station and also displays the updated page in the
frame on the right.

Figure 9. Extreme weather for the station requested by user

6.3 Climatological Data

The Climatology Data can be added similarly by clicking on the climatology link on the
homepage. This method involves averaging weather statistics for data of previous years. The
page is displayed as follows-

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 Figure 10. Climatological weather

As the user selects a month and presses submit button the data will be displayed in their
respective fields as shown below:

Figure11. Climatological weather for January month

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The mean temp. and max temp is showing the highest and lowest value for the
month(entered by user) among all the years.
Mean rainfall will display the average value of the rainfall for the month Similarly mean
rainy days will display the average number of days rainfall occured in the month.
Hail, Thunder, Fog, Squall is displays the mean number of days with hail, thunder, fog and
squall in the particular month (e.g January) of all the years.

7. Database
The database named as IMD is made in xampp (phpmyadmin) which contains three tables
extreme , climate and log table.

Log table:
It keep track of the changes made by user ( inserting ,deleting or updating the records) in any
of the two tables i.e extreme weather and climatological.

Figure 12. Records of the log table

Log table:

The table contain 5 attributes log_id , remote_ip, log_time, mc_id, station_id and update.
update attribute will display the type of change being done by the user in the tables.
Station_id and mc_id is same for only one station among all the stations within a state .
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log_id is unique number which auto increment with a new change

Figure 13. showing all the tables in phpMyAdmin

 Extreme table:
Attributes for Extreme table are Sid , Date, data (stores max temp, min temp
etc.) and etype which stores values from 0-3 that has the following meaning:
0-max temp , 1-min temp. , 2-max rain , 3-monthly total rainfall

sid date
etyp
etype data
e
extreme
Figure 14. E-R diagram of extreme weather

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 Figure 15. Extreme table made in phpMyAdmin

 Climate table :
Daily Mean total
maximum rainfall
Mean
rainy days
Daily
minimum
thunder

squall
climatological
fog
date sid hail

Figure 16. E-R diagram of climate table

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The climatological table contains 10 attributes .

Figure 17. climatological table made in phpMyAdmin

The extreme and climatological tables are already normalised as there is no partial
dependency and no transitive dependency.

8. LIMITATIONS
 security configurations of this software is not be as tight as on other webservers,
because it is optimized for local use
 web pages are not stable
 There is no login page as it has been already done by IMD staff for their purposes

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 9. CONCLUSION
During the making of the project we developed a vast knowledge on php, html and dynamically
operation of web applications.
We also studied and collected information on the various fields of implementation of the system
such the technology for security enhancements, and operating site dynamically.
Hence the software ‘Extreme and climatological weather processing system’ has been
accomplished. It is implemented and tested by us.
This helped us to develop an understanding of the team work and the need to carry everyone
along working for a group project.

10. Refrences
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Francis_Blanford
2
http://www.imd.gov.in/section/satmet/dynamic/insat.htm
3
Imd.gov.in

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APPENDIX:

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