ALTERNATING

CURRENT

MPORTANTFORMULAE
1.Foran alternating current circuit
V = Vo sin (Dt; 10 sin (mt +
2.RMSvalue of an alternating current

3. Impedance of series LCR circuit

rms
R2 + (xc-xL)2 =
rms
4. Phase angle between I and V,
xc-XL
tan O =

cos O= —

5. Resonance: (If Xc = and Z = R), then

(Dr= —and fr =
LC
6. Q-Factor:
1
Q - Factor =

7. Average power dissipated in LCR-circuit,

P = vrms1rmscoso=2 %locoso
8. Peak emf in a rotating coil of generator
EO= NBA,)
9. For LC oscillations
and fr =
LC

10. For a Transformer -x = = I-L= r (transformationratio)

For a step up transformer r

For a step down transformer, r

 (R or L or C)
Individual Components
TERM

Circuit

V = Vo sin (Dt
V = Vosin (Dt
Supply Voltage V = Vosin (Dt

1=10 sin (DI 1=10 sin (Dt+—

Current I = 10sin (Dt

10
I/O)C
Peak Cur-rent

I tnpedance (O) 10 (DC

ms Inductive reactance Xc = Capacitive reactance

R — Resistance

+ leads I) leads 1)
Phase difference zero (in same phase)

Phasor Diagram

Variationof
Z with v

R does not depend on v

Combination of Components (RL or RC or LC)
TERM RC
Circuit I is same in R & L I is same in R & C I is same in L & C

Phasor diagram

Supply Voltage V = Vo sin (Dt V = % sin (Dt V = Vosin ot

 Curtent I = 10 sin (cot —
1=10 sin (o)t + + )
1=10sin ±
phasedifference in
5)
Vand I
between v leads/ V lags 1 to
5)
VlagsI + --ä,ifXc >
V leads I

Impedance Z=lXL-Xcl
Variationof Z with As v increases, As v increases, As v increases, Z first
Z increases Z decreases decreases then increases
z z z

'VIULTIPLECHOICE QUESTIONS
hoose and write the correct option in thefollowing questions.
1. If the rms current in a 50 Hz ac circuit is 5 A, the value of the current 1 300 seconds after its
value becomes zero is [NCERTExamP1arJ
(c) 5/6 A (d) 5/072 A
2. An alternating current generator has an internal resistance R and an internal reactanceX It
is used to supply power to a passive load consisting of a resistance R and a reactance XL.For
maximum power to be delivered from the generator to the load, the value of XLis equal to
[NCERT Examplarl
(a) zero
3. In an ac circuit, the maximum value of voltage is 423 volts. Its effective voltage is
(a) 400 volt (b) 300 volt (c) 323 volt (d) 340 volt
4. The peak voltage of 220 V ac mains is
(a) 155.6 V (b) 220.0 V (c) 311 v (d) 440 V
5. An inductive circuit have zero resistance. When ac voltage is applied across this circuit, then
the current lags behind the applied voltageby an angle
(a) 30 0 (b) 45 0 (c) 90 0 (d) 00
6. If an LCR circuit contains L = 8 henry; C = 0.5 EIF,R = 100 in series. Then the resonant
angular frequency will be:
(a) 600 rad/s (b) 500 rad/s (c) 600 Hz (d) 500 Elz
shows the steady input
7• When a voltage measuring device is connected to ac mains, the meter
INCERTExamplarl
voltage of 220 V.This means
(a) input voltage cannot be ac voltage, but a dc voltage.
(b) maximum input voltage is 220 V.
to read < V2 > .
(c) the meter reads not V but < V and is calibrated
defect.
(d) the pointer of the meter is stuck by some mechanical
 8. reduce the resonant frequency in an LCRserics circuit Witha generator INCF,1tTF
(a) the generator frequency shotll(lbe reditecd.
(b) another capacitor should be added in parallel to the first.
(e) the iron core of the inductor shoul(l be retnovcd.
(d) (lielectric in the capacitor should be tetnoved.
9. ln a pure capacitive circuit, the current
(a) lags behind the appliecletnfby angle 't/2 (b) leads the applicd emf by an angle tt
(c) leads the applied ('Inf by angle 1t/'2 (d) and applied ernfare in same phase
10. ln an ac circuit, the etnf and the current (i) at any inutant arc givcn by
e F.Osin (Ot, i = 10sin (cot
Then aset•agc power transferred to the circuit in onc completc cycle of ac is
(b) @) LEO/osin (d) cos
Il. The averagc power dissipation in pure inductance is
(c) 21412 (d) zero
12. Electrical energy is transtnitted over large distances at high alternating voltages. Whichof the
following statements is (are) correct? INCERTExamplarl
(a) For a given power level, there is a Iowercurrent.
(b) Lower current implies less power loss.
(c) It is easy to reduce the voltage at the receivingend using step-down transformers.
(d) All of these
13. The reactance Ofa capacitance at 50 Ilz is 5 Q. If the frequency is increased to 100 Hz, the new
reactance is
(b) 100 (c) 2.50 (d)125n
14. In a pure inductive circuit, the current
(a) lags behind the applied emfby an angle Tt (b) lags behind the applied emfby an angler/2
(c) leads the applied emfby an angle Tt/2 (d) and applied emf are in same phase
15. When an ac voltage of 220 V is applied to the capacitor C [NCERTExamP1arl
(a) the maximum voltage between plates is 220 V.
(b) power delivered to the capacitor is zero.
(c) the charge on the plates is in phase Withthe applied voltage.
(d) both (b)and (c)
16. Which of the following combinations should be selected for better tuning of an LCRcircuit used
for communication? INCERTExamP1arl
(a) R = 20 Q, L = 1.5 H, C = 35 HF (b) R = 25 Q, L = 2.5 H, c = 45
(c) R = 15 Q, L = 3.5 H, C = 30 (d) R = 25 n, L = 1.5 H, C = 45
V
17. An inductor of reactance I and a resistor of 2 are connected in series to the terminalsOfa6
(rms) ac source. The power dissipated in the circuit is [NCERTExamplarl
(b) 12 w (c) 14.4 w (d) 18 w
18. The output of a step-down transformer is measured to be 24 V when connected to a 12wattlight
bulb. The value of the peak current is [NCERTExamplarl
(a) 1/sFi A
An
19. In a series LR-circuit, the inductive reactance is equal to the resistance R of the circuit'
emfE = Eocos (O)t)is applied to the circuit. The power consumed in the circuit is
E20
(a) (d)
20. one 60 V, 100 W bulb is to be
connected to 100 V, 50 1-Izac source.
The potential drop across
(a) 10 V (b) 40 V
(c) 20 v (d) 80 V
21. An ac voltage source of variable
series with a capacitance C angular frequency 0)and fixed amplitude
and an electric bulb of a is connected in
resistance R (inductance zero). When 0)
is
(a) the bulb glows dimmer
(b) the bulb glows brighter
(c) net impedance of circuit is
unchanged (d) total impedance of the circuit increases
22. An alternating emf of angular
frequency
power developed across it has an angular is applied across an inductor. The instantaneous
frequency
(b) (0/2
23. The variation of the instantaneous
current 1(1)and the instantaneous emfE(t) in a circuit
shown in the following fig. Which of the is as
following statements is correct?

Tt/2 : 3Tt/2
o

(a) The voltage lags behind the current by T/2. (b) The voltage leads
the current by 7/2.
(c) The voltage and the current are in phase. (d) The voltage leads
the current by 7.
24. In electric arc furnace, Copper or iron is melted due to variation of
(a) current (b) magnetic field (c) voltage (d) electric field
25. When ac source is connected across series R-C combination, the ac
current may lead ac voltage
by
(a) 0 0 (b) 180 0 (c) 30 0 (d) 90 0
26. High voltage transmission line is preferred as
(a) its appliances are less costly (b) thin power cables are required
(c) idle current very low (d) power loss is very less
27. In series R-L-C circuit, quality factor can be improved by
(a) decreasing L (b) increasing C (c) decreasing R (d) decreasing R & L
28. When ac source is connected across series R-L-C combination,maximum power
loss will
occur provided
(a) current and voltage are in phase (b) current from source is minimum
(c) inductance is minimum (d) capacitance is maximum
29. In R-L-C series ac circuit, impedance cannot be increased by
(a) increasing frequency of source (b) decreasing frequency of source
(c) increasing the resistance (d) increasing the voltage of the source
30. In highly inductive load circuit, it is more dangerous when
(a) we close the switch (b) we open the switch
(c) increasing the resistance (d) decreasing the resistance
31. In electric sub-station in township, large capacitor banks are used
(a) to reduce power factor (b) to improve power factor
(c) to decrease current (d) to increase current in the circuit
32. In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current
(a) is in phase with the emf
(b) leads the emfby a phase difference of 7tradians
(c) leads the emfby a phase difference of Tt/2 radians
(d) lags behind the emfby phase difference of /4 radians
double
33. A capacitor of capacitance C has reactance Xc. If capacitance and frequency become
then the capacitive reactance will be

(a) 2.xc (b) 4,vc 4 2

34. The core of a transformer is laminated, so as to

(a) make it light weight (b) make it robust and strong
(c) increase the secondary voltage (d) reduce energy loss due to eddy current
35. The ratio of number of turns of primary coil to secondary coil in a transformer is 2:3. If a cell
of 6 V is connected across the primary coil, then voltage across the secondary coil will be
(d) 12 V
36. In a transformer, the number of turns of primary and secondary coil are 500 and 400
respectively. If 220 V is supplied to the primary coil, then ratio of currents in primary and
secondary coils is

37. An LC-circuit contains 10 mH inductor and 25 mF capacitor with given initial charge. The
resistance of the circuit is negligible. At what time the energy stored in circuit is completely
magnetic? (Time is measured from the instant when the circuit is close)

(a) 4'4'4 (c)

3'3'3
38. In an ac circuit the voltage and current are given by the following expressions
V = Vosin (Dtand I = 10cos cot,where the symbols have their usual meaning. Which Ofthe
follmsång statement is correct?
(a) Voltage lead the current by a phase angle of 7/2.
(b) Voltage lags behind the current by phase angle of 7.
(c) Voltage and current are in phase.
(d) Voltage lags behind the current by phase angle of 7/2.
39. The peak value of an ac of 2 A in a circuit

40. In an ac circuit, current is given by the relation I = 100 2 cos 50t A. The rms value of the
current is
(a) 50 A (b) 200 A (c) 100 A (d) 100v/é A
41. In an ac circuit containing resistance only, E and I are given by E = 200 sin (200)tvolt and
I = 100 sin (200)tma. The power dissipated in the circuit is
(a) 10 watt (b) 200 watt (c) 100 watt (d) 400 watt
42. In case of an ac circuit containing pure inductance, the phase difference
between E and I is
(b) zero
4 (d)
43. A transformer has 20 turns Ofprimary and 100 turns of secondary. If the two ends of the
primary are connected to a 220 V dc supply, the voltage across
the secondary will be
(a) zero (c) 220 v (d) 11 V
 44. An ac source is connected in series to an
inductance L and a capacitanceC,
such that the
-l
(a) L-l c (b) L 1/2C-1/2
-1/2 -1/2
200
45. An ac source is of V, 50 Hz. The value of voltage after 1
s from the start is
600
(a) 200 V (b) 200 (c) 100 v (d) 50 V
46. In an ac series circuit, the instantaneous current is
maximum
when the instantaneousvoltage
is maximum. The circuit element connected to the
source will be
(a) pure inductor (b) pure capacitor
(c) pure resistor (d) combination of a capacitor and an inductor
47. R, L and C represent the physical quantities resistance, inductance and capacitance
respectively.
Which one of the following combinations has dimension of frequency?
(a) (b) 1 c
(c) (d)
RC LC
48. Which of the following effects is not possible by ac?
(a) Heating effect (b) Chemical effect
(c) Magnetic effect (d) None of the above
49. A pure capacitor in an ac circuit
(a) stores energy in its electrostatic field (b) stores energy in its magnetic field
(c) does not store energy (d) dissipates energy
i 50. In an ac circuit the phase difference between current and emf is 450. The circuit contains
(a) a pure inductance
(b) a pure resistance
(c) a pure capacitance
(d) a resistance, an inductance and a capacitance in series.
51. The metal/alloy that is more suitable for making cores of transformers is
(a) steel (b) soft iron (c) copper (d) brass
52. An electric bulb 220 V, is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac source. Then the bulb
(a) does not glow (b) glowsintermittently
(c) glows continuously (d) fuses
53. The average power dissipation in a pure capacitor is:
(a) —CV 2 (b) CV 2 (c) —cv 2 (d) zero
becomes zero in one second?
54. The frequency of ac is 50 Hz. How many times the current
(b) 100 times (c) 200 times (d) 25 times
(a) 50 times
ac potential of E = Eosin (Dthas been
55. In a circuit current I is given by I = 10sin (ot —Tt/2)when be:
applied. Then the power consumption P in the circuit would
Eolo El (d) zero
(a) (b)
2
through an inductor in an ac circuit are given
56• The potential difference V and current i flowing
the power dissipated in the inductor is:
by V = 5 cos (Dtvolt, i = 2 sin (Dtampere, (d) 2.5 W
(b) 10 w
voltagesbecause
distance through conducting wires of high
57• Electric power is transmitted over long
wire
(a) it reduces the possibility of theft of
(b) this entails less power losses voltages
electric power at very high
(c) ac generators produce
faster.
(d) ac signal of high voltage travels
 58. A choke coil is a coil having
resistance
(a) low inductance and high
(b) low inductance and low vesistance
resistance
(c) high inductance and high
or small resistance
(d) high inductance and negligible Then the peak to peak variation
mains terminals is 210 V.
59. The voltage across
will be: (d) 21011 V
of voltage between the tenninals 4200 v
(c)
(a) 420 (b) 420/01 V
connected across a circuit containing an
sin 100 t is
60. An ac voltage source E = 200 2 of ammeter is
capacitance I!IF. The reading
ammeter and a capacitor of (d) 80 mA
(b) 20 mA
(c) 40 mA
this circuit
consists of an inductor and a resistor in series. In across
61. An alternating current circuit leads the potential difference
and current in resistor
(a) The potential difference across
in resistor lags behind the potential difference
(b) The potential differenceacrossand current
across inductor by an angle It 2. behind the potential difference
resistor lags
(c) The potential differenceacrossand current in
across inductor by an angle It
difference across resistor lags behind the potential difference across
(d) The potential leads the potential difference across
inductor by an angle It/2,while the current in resistor
inductor by an angle It/2.
devices are laminated
62. The core used in transformers and other electromagnetic
(a) to increase the magnetic field
(b) to increase the level of magnetic saturation of the core
(c) to reduce the magnetism in the core
(d) to reduce eddy current lossesin the core
of an inductance
63. An alternating voltage of frequency o is induced in electric circuit consisting
L and capacitance C, connected in series. Then across the inductance coil
(a) current is maximum when (D = I/LC (b) current is minimum when o = I/LC
(c) voltage is minimum when 0) = I/LC (d) voltage is zero when 0) = I/LC
64. An alternating voltage is connected in series with a resistance R and an inductance L. If the
potential drop across the resistance is 200 volts and across the inductance is 150 volt, the
applied voltage is:
(a) 250 V (b) 300 V (c) 350 v (d) 500 V
65. An inductive circuit contains a resistance of 10 ohm and an inductance of henry. If an ac
voltageof 120volt and frequency 60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the current in the circuit
would be nearly
(a) 0-32 A (b) 0-16 A (c) 0-48 A (d) 0-80 A
66. When 100 volt dc is applied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0 A flows in it. When 100 volt
ac is applied across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 A If the frequency of ac source is
50 Hz, the impedance and inductance of solenoid are:
(a) 200 Q and henry (b) 100 Q and henry
(c) 200 Q and I •0 henry (d) 100 Q and henry
67. An electric fan is:
(a) electric motor (b) electric generator
(c) an accelerator (d) based on electromagnetic induction
68. A transformer is used to
(a) convert ac into dc (b) convert dc into ac
(c) to step up or down dc voltage (d) to step up or down ac voltage
 Thepower dissipated in an LCR series circuit connected to an ac source of emf is :
69.
1

(d)

In the given circuit, the reading of voltmeter VI and V2are 300 volts each. The reading of
voltmeterVsand ammeter A are respectively.
c R 100 Q

220 V, 50Hz
(a) 220 V, 2.2 A (b) 220 V, 2.0 A (c) 100 V, 2.0 A (d) 150 V, 2.2 A
71. Anemfof 15 V is applied in a circuit containing 5 H inductance and 10 Q resistance. The ratio
ofthe currents in time t = and at t = 1 second is:
1/2 2
(b) (c) I—e-l
1/2-1 e2-1
72. In an RC circuit while charging, the graph of logeI versus time (t) is s
shownby the dotted line in the diagram where I is the current. When
the value of the resistance is doubled, which of the solid curves best logeI
representsthe variation of logeI versus time (t)?
p

73• An inductor (L = 100 mH), a resistor (R = 100 Q) and a battery

(E = 100 V) are initially connected in series as shown in figure.
Aftera long time the battery is disconnected after short circuiting
the points A and B. The current in the circuit 1 ms after the short
circuit is:

(c) 0-1 A (d) IA

In LCR circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For resonant frequency to remain
Unchanged,the inductance should be changed from L to:

75. An alternating current is given by t = il cos (Dt+ i2 sin cot.The rms current is given by:
+12
1
(c) (d)
(b) 2
76. In a transformer, the number of turns in the primary are 140 and that in secondary are 280.If
the current in the primary is 4 A; the current in secondary is:
(d) IOA
77. When an ac source of emfe = Eosin 100/ is connected across a circuit, e
the phase difference between etnr e and the current in the circuit is i
observed to be as shown in figure. If the circuit consists possibly
RC or RL or LC in series, find the relationship between the two or
elements:
(a) R = 1 10 PF
(c) R = 1 10 H

78. The phase difference between the alternating current and emf is — . Which of the following
can not be the constituent of the circuits?
(b) C alone (c) L alone
79. The voltage of an ac supply varies with time as V = 120 sin Tttcos 100 Ttt.The maximum
voltage and frequency respectively are:
(a) 120 N, 100 (b) 60 a V, IOOHz (c) 60 V, 200 (d) 60 V, 100
SO. A circuit containing L, C and ac source with ammeters Al, A2,A3 is shown in figure. At
resonance which ammeter reads zero?

Source
(b) 142
(d) all the three Al, 142and A3
oscillator with frequency
81. A capacitor of capacitance 2 klFis connected to a tank circuit of an
capacitor will be :
of I kHz. If the current in the circuit is 2 mA, the voltage across the
(b) 0-32 V (c) 79-5 v (d) 159 v
(a) 0-16 v
supply of peak voltage 200 V
82. A purely resistive circuit element X when connected to an ac element Y,when
gives a peak current of 5 A which is in phase with voltage. A second circuit the current lags
connected to same ac supply also gives the same value of peak current but
supply; what will be
behind by 900. If the series combination of X and Y is connected to same
the value of rms current?
(b) 2-5 A (c) 3.5 A (d) 0-5 A
(a) 1-5 A
given by
83. The voltage and current in ac circuit are
V = 5 sin , i = 4sin 1007tt+
We can conclude
(a) voltage leads the current by 300 (b) current leads the voltage by 300
(d) current and voltage are in phase
(c) current leads the voltage by 600
is given by I — for some time. The rms value of current
84. The electric current in a circuit
for the period t = 0 to t = T is :

(a)
 85.A seriesLCRcircuit is shown in figure. The source frequencyf
is varied, but the current is kept unchanged. Which of the curves
showschanges of Vcand VLwith frequency? c

(b)

(d)

86. An alternating current of 1•5 mA rms and angular frequency (D= 100 rad/s flows through a
10 kQ resistor and a PIFcapacitor in series. The rms potential difference across the
capacitor is:
(a) 4-8 V (b) 15 V (c) 30 v (d) 42 V
87. In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across R is 100 V and R = 1 kQ with C = 2 gF. The resonant
frequency o is 200 rad/s. At resonance, the voltage across L is:
(a) 2-5 x 10-2 v (b) 40 V (c) 250 v (d) 4 x 10-3 V
88. In an ac generator, a coil with N turns, all of the same area A and total resistance R, rotates with
frequency 0)in a magnetic field B. The maximum value of emf generated in the coil is:
(a) NABRo (b) NAB (c) NABR (d) NABo
89. An ideal coil of 10 H is connected in series with a resistance of 5 Q and a battery of 5 V.2
seconds after the connections are made, the current flowing, in ampere, in the circuit is:
(c) (l —e-l )
90. The selectivity of a series LCR ac circuit is large, when [CBSE2020 (55/5/11
(a) L is large and R is large (b) L is small and R is small
(c) L is large and R is small
91. The phase difference between the current and the voltage in series LCR circuit at resonance
is [CBSE 2020 (55/521
(b) 7/2 (C) 7T/3 (d) zero

Answers
(b)
13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (c)
9. 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (d)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a)
17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (d)
29. (d) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (a)
2 5. (d) 26. (d) '27. (c) 28. (a)
37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (c)
33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (d)
45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (b)
41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (d)
53. (d) 54. (b) 55. (d) 56. (a)
49 (a) 50. (d) 51. (b) 52. (b)
61. (d) 62. (d) 63. (a) 64. (a)
57 . (b) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (b)
69. (d) 70. (a) 71. (b) 72. (a)
(b) 66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (d)
76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (a) 79. (d) 80 (c)
(a) 74. (c) 75. (c)
85. (a) 86. (c) 87. (c) 88. (d)
81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (c)
90. (c) 91. (d)